Calbas v. Stephens, No. 4:2016cv00605 - Document 13 (S.D. Tex. 2016)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM AND OPINION granting 10 MOTION for Summary Judgment with Brief in Support. The habeas lawsuit is DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE. Any and all other pending motions are DENIED AS MOOT. A certificate of appealability is DENIED. (Signed by Judge Alfred H Bennett) Parties notified. (wbostic, 4)

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Calbas v. Stephens Doc. 13 United States District Court Southern District of Texas ENTERED I THE UN I N TED STATES D I STRI COU RT CT FOR THE SOUTH ERN D I STRI OF TEXA S CT H OU STON D I SI VI ON November 02, 2016 David J. Bradley, Clerk EN GI ATTI CA LBA S, N LA Pettoner ii , CI I A CTI N o.1 1 0605 V L ON 4- 6LORI D AV I E S, Re ponde . s nt M EM OM N DUM O PI I N A ND O R DER N O Pettoner a s a e i at pr eedi pr s fl t s s ton 2254 ha ii , t t nm e oc ng o e, ied hi ec i beaspe ii tton c a ln ng hi 201 c n ci n a t l - a s ntnc f i t xi ai n m a lug t r h le gi s 3 o vito nd weve ye r e e e or n o c to nsa h e . Re po e t ie amo i nf rs mma yj dg n ( c t r s nd n fl d to o u r u me t Do ke EntyNo. 0)t whihpe ii e 1 ,o c tton r fld ar s on e( ke EntyNo.1 . ie e p s Doc t r 2) H avi c i e t m oton,t r pons t pl adi ,t r cor and t ng ons der d he i he es e, he e ngs he e d, he a ia elw,heCo t u N- h to frs mmay udg n a dDl l pplc bl a t urGl rstemoin o u r j me t n SM SSESt s hi l w s tf t r onst f l . a ui or he eas hat olow 1 PR O C ED UR AL BA CK GR O UN D A ND C LA I S . M Aj r f ndpe ii rgui yofit i ai nma lug t ra a s s e pun s me t u y ou ttone l n ox c to nsa h e nd s e s d ih n t a t veye s'i prs ent t wel ar m ionm .Theconvi ton w a afim edon a al Cal v. at N o. ci s fr ppe , bas St e, 01 1 001 CR ( x. - l o t n ( s Ditl2 4, t r pd , n t Te a Co r of - 3- 28- Te App. - uso 1 t s. 01 pe . e ) a d he x s u t l Crm i Appeal r us di cr i y r ew . Pe ii r' a i ton f s a e ha as i nal s ef ed s etonar evi ttone s pplca i or t t be Dockets.Justia.com r i ,fl w ih t ti c ton O c ober 1 201 w as de ed by t Te Cour of elef ied t he ral our t 2, 5, ni he xas t Crm i Appeal on Febr r 24,20l i nal s ua y 6. Pe ii ttonerr s t f l i gr aies he olow ng ounds f f alha sr i : or eder bea elef 1. Tralcouns w asi f ctve i f lng t i el nef e i n aii o a. i s i et ca e; nve tgat he s b. i e vi w w ine s , nt r e t s es' cons tw ih expe twines es ul t r t s ; d. s uppr st bl dr w ; es he ood a C. r e t orgi das ca e a vi evi w he i nal h m r deo; f . o j c t e de eoft dahc meavi o; n be t o vi nc he s a r de a d g. o j c t t eC han o c t d ' o t d s c me av d o. b e t o h t i f uso y'f r he a h a r i e c 2. TheSt t vi at Br byw ihhol ng e denc oft c pl edas a e ol ed ady t di vi e he om et h cam er vi and a r ons r ton exper' r por. a deo ec tuc i ts e t 3. H ew asdeni t rghtt confontt lb t hni a w ho per or ed ed he i o r he a ec ci n f m t bl he ood dr w and t cor r w ho pe f m ed t c pl na ' a he one r or he om ai nts aut y. ops The m edi r dsw er unl uly i r cal ecor e awf l ntoduc i o e dence by a ed nt vi nonexper w ines t t s. Noe xper w ine sw aspr ent r gar ng t ç ac box' e dence. t t s es ed e di he ç k bl ' vi Res ponde a guest tt e cl i sa e gr nt r ha hes am r oundl ssa s d be di m i s e nd houl s s ed. l . FA CTUA L BA CK G RO U ND l Thei er e at s a ecour ofa al s f t t f l i sat m e off ct i is nt m di e t t t ppe s et orh he olow ng t e nt a s n t opi on afim i pe ii ' i oxi i m ansaught convi ton' ni fr ng ttoner s nt caton l er ci . J fSm ih t tfed t ,on t e ng ofJ y 10,2011 he a appelantm et ef t es ii hat he veni ul , nd l atTwi Pea - a r t antbarl t at1 a N as Road l f di r n ks esaur / oca ed -45 nd a - or nne ar ound 9: p. .Ther w asa l tan hour l w ai f adi 30 m e t eas -ong t or nnert bl w he a e n t gott e,s t y s tdown t ha drnkswih s e fi hey her o he a o ve i t om rends Accor ng . di t Sm ih,durng t hourt he and a o t i he hat ppela w e e a Tw i Pea ,a l nt r t n ks ppela l nt had t V odka R e Buls t drnk,a t di nothave di . At 1 30 wo d l o i nd hey d nner 0: p. . a l nta Sm ih gave up on at bl and dr t a he r t ur , m , ppela nd t a e ove o not r es a ant Out i s t ea . Out i sw ascl i w hen t y gott e so,i t of rgger , o t rgger osng he her nsead e i a l ntf l ed Sm iht Sm ih' hous s t Sm ih coul dr of atng, ppela olow t o t s e o hat t d op f hi tuc Then a l ntdr t m bot t t Tur l Cl aw a e f ontbar s r k. ppela ove he h o he te ub, trr on N a a Road 1 i Sea ook. Appela w as drvi a sl r Cor te t t s n br l nt i ng ive ve t ha bel onged t a f i o rend. The ar i att Turl Cl ar y rved he te ub ound 11: p. . a 15 m , nd sa t r untli cl ed a 2: a. . t yed he e i t os t 00 m Sm ih opened up a t a t Turl Cl t pay f bot hi drnks a t ab t he te ub o or h s i nd a l nts drnks H e t tfed t t bas upon t t t and w ines ng ppela ' i . esii ha , ed ha ab t si a l ' drnki appelantha f V odka Red Bulsw hie t y w e e a ppelant s i ng, l d our l l he r t t Turl Cl he te ub. At a bout 1 30 a. . t y r n i o Ti M ont na,one of 2: m , he a nt na a Sm ih' f i t s rends.Ti a oached Sm ih f ardehom ebecaus s hadbee na ppr t or i e he n l tt r by s e f i . Her ke ,w a l t and cel phone w e e on t ef he e om rends ys le , l r he fi nds boat A ppelantdi notknow Ti butagr t gi herardehom e re ' . l d na, eed o ve i w hen t y l tf t ni . he ef or he ght Ar ound 2: a. . Sm ih cl e out hi t and t t ee of t m l t 00 m , t os d s ab he hr he ef. Appela dr t Sm ih' hous t dr hi of fr tbecaus i w ascl es . l nt ove o t s e o op m f is et os t Sm ih wasuncom f t e and di notf s e durng t tdrve,a appelant t orabl d eel af i ha i s l w ass oki m arhua a û r ng i a ltl bi and s m ng i na nd s oddi t ite t hot how i of r'ie , ng f' .. poppi t cl c w he l vi as op si s nni t tr ,a s e vi ng he ut h n ea ng t gn, pi ng he ies nd w r ng. Sm ih as d a la t sop drvi t tw a a hedi W hen t gott t ke ppe l nt o t i ng ha y, nd d. hey o Sm ih' hous Sm ih gotouta a t s e, t nd ppela dr of w ih Ti l nt ove f t na. Sm ih t tfed t a t es ii hat ppela t caled hi at2: 1 a. .a s d he ha l nt hen l m 2 m nd ai d goten i awr t n eck.Sm ih dr t t st oft w r k,butt ned ar t ove o he ie he ec ur ound and dr back hom e w he he s polce t e beca e he knew he had be ove n aw i her us en drnki and s d nothave been drvi H es m iary opi t ta la i ng houl i ng. i l l ned ha ppe l nt wast i oxi t t be drvi t tni . oo nt ca ed o i ng ha ght A. The Colii I s i i ls on nve tgaton Pas de Polce D e rm e Of i rB.W aggane was on pa r i t ea l a na i pa t nt fce r t ol n he ry hour ofJ y 11,2011. He t tfed t whiepatoli on easbound N as s ul es ii hat l r lng t a Pa kw a hecoul he e ngengi w he a oac ngt 4900 bl k.H e r y, d arr vvi nes n ppr hi he oc t n s a m ot c e s di wes bound i t i i l ne and a Cor te he aw or ycl pee ng t n hc nsde a ve t is a ca l hsbehi i' i t out de l tever l r engt nd t' n he si ane. I W a n ggane s opi on, r' ni bot t m ot c l a t Cor te wer drvi kwel over't 45- ieh he or yc e nd he vet e i ng û l ' he m 1 pe r hour s peed lm i. H e e tm a ed t t t y w er bot drvi ove 1 i t s i t ha he e h i ng r 00m ies perhour l - . A fe heu-ur a he d back t tyt c ch t ,W agganerdi nots e tr t ned nd ade o r o at hem d e t m ot c e orCor te,buti t ad e he or ycl ve t ns e ncount r (a bunch ofdebrsi t e ed ç i n he r a wa a d te eywhe e ... n c ti gls m ehi ha c a he ' He o d y nd us v l r i dia gn o t ng d r s d. ' t dicove ed t Cor t i t backya d ofa nea by r i nce. The ca hen s r he vete n he r r esde r ha cr hed com pl el t ough t ci r ockw al t s r d as et y hr he nde bl l hat ur ounde t ya d. d he r W he W a n ggane a oac r ppr hed, s w a he a ppelantsandi out i t pas enge l t ng s de he s r doorSs ki an adul f m al i t pas enge s at tyi t w akeherup.' kha ng t e e n he s r e , r ng o ' W a ga rtl hi t so i c s s eh d ane k ij y. W h n W a a r g ne od m o tp n a e h a c nur e gg ne as ked a ppelant i he w as hur , a l com pl ned a l f t ppelant ai bout bac pa n. k i Accor ng t W agga , appela had ia ver sr di o ner l nt t y tong s el of a cohol m l l be r on hi br at ' he w asçc si ' and he tha r w a e y eyesand ve age s e h,' lur ng,' û d ed, t r t c sur ed s hi k, l r peech. W agganerc ac ed dipa ch t r ' ' ont t s t o eques aD W 1Ta k t s For ofi r and or ed a a bul ce fce der n m ance and a A c de Rec tuc i n ci nt ons r ton Tea . W agga s d t hew asnota et getapule on Ti a s no m ner ai hat bl o s na nd aw s gn oflf s he w a i tga i t s i ie, o s nves i tng he cene asapos i e f alt sbl at iy. W agga rt tfed t thi c hasa da h ca e at ti on a1 t tm e.The ne esi i ha s ar s m r ha s l he i vi o fom t eary m or ng hour of J y 11,2011 was a it ove de r he l ni s ul dm ted r a la ' ob e to a i s o t e mo o c l a d Co v te pa sng ppelnts j ci n, nd t h ws h t r yce n r et s i W agga r butnott acci nt W a ne , he de . ggane al o hasa body m i ophone t r s cr hat com es on a om a i l t pi k up hi c ut tcaly o c s onve s tons. The conve s i rai r aton W a ga rha wih a pe lntwa ply d t t j y a d W a ga rt sii d g ne d t p la s a e o he ur n g ne e tfe a bouts e oft cont . Beca e appelants ele s r y ofal om he ent us l m l d tongl cohol , W agga ras hi how m uch heha t drnk, appelantr pondedtt o ne ked m d o i and l es ûw beer .' Appelantal o t d W agganert t m ot c e si t a d hi , s' l s ol hat he or ycl ld ow r m whi caus d hi t s vea l avet r dwa W agganerdi notbeleve ch e m o wer nd e he oa y. d i t tw asac ualy wha hadha ha t l t ppened be ew hen hes w t m ot c e a caus a he or ycl nd t Cor te,he ewer f orfvevehi l l ngt be w e t .W agga he vet t r e our i c e e hs t en hem ner t sii dt ta pe ln lt rç ha ( 1hi sor ' e tfe ha p la t ae l nge d s t y. c ' EM S a ved a puta l nton a back boar and he can be hea d on t ni nd ppela d, r he audi t yeli t thi ba i huri I wasl t de er i d t thehad o ape lng ha s ck s tng. t a er t m ne ha br oken hi ba EM S pr s ck. onounced Ti deceas and t ans td appelant na ed r pore l t teho pia.Thej ywa s wna de an dn meo a mitdpitr s o h s tl ur s ho n xplie u rus d te cu e oft s ene. he c Pas adenapolceO fi rl. di , a dentr i fce Ri ngs an cci econsr ton e r ,es ii d tuc i xpe t t tfe abouthi as es m entoft s ne.H i t m c uded t t Cor tew as s s s he ce s ea oncl hat he ve t taveli s f s t ti w a aibor when i s r k t ci bl k f r lng o a t ha t s r ne t tuc he nder oc ence.Hi s anal i oft s d m a kss ed t t cartavele i a sr ghtlne afe ys s he ki r how hat he r l d n tai i tr i bega s ddi whi h w oul be i t n ki ng, c d ncons s e w ih t drve s it nt t he i r udde y nl s e vi t m i shitng s e hi lke am ot c e. w r ng o s ti om t ng i or ycl Ri ngs al o t tfed t t r s t of dow nl di a a yzi t di s esii o he e uls oa ng nd nal ng he Cor te' aibag m odul s t m .Fr t tda a, t s ii t fves conds ve t s r e ys e om ha t he e tfed hat i e bef e i or mpact t ca w astave lng a 1 m iesperhour;i s ge t 109 , he r r li t 06 l t ur d o m iesperhourf s l our econdsbef e i pac ,andt up t 113 m iespe hour or m t hen o l r 3 s condsbef e i e or mpact He concl d t t c fr tbr ked t o s conds . ude hat he ar is a w e bef e i or mpac ,w hi was cons sent w ih t s d m a ks a t ot r t ch it t he ki r nd he he e dence att s ne. vi he ce B. The D W II nvesi i tgaton Pas adena Polce Of i erS.Cudet tfed t ,att tm e oft sa dent he i fc es ii hat he i hi cci , s rv on t D W 1Tas For and had s a i tai ng i i tgatng e ed he k ce peci lzed r ni n nves i i i oxi ton-el t of e es W he he a rved att s nt ca i r a ed f ns . n ri he cene oft ac dent he ci , a l w asa r ppelant leady i t back oft am bulncer ei ngt e m e .Cude n he he a ec vi r at nt sared by t l ng wih W agganera t t a ki t boutw hatW agga had obs r ner e ved. Cude t n l he ooked a ound t ac dent s ne a t r he ci ce nd hen f l ed a l nts olow ppela ' a bul m ance t t hos t t contnue t i tga i o he pial o i he nves i ton. W hen Cude fr t is obs r e ved appelant he w as i a l of pai and bei w heel i o t l , n ot n ng ed nt he e er nc r m ge y oom . Cude sayed w ih hi ,and when t e w as a 1 li t t t m her ul n he a i t ofm edi pr de s Cude s ctviy cal ovi r , pokew ih appelant Cude obs rv hi t l . e ed m t ha sur ed s ch and r bl hot e , bot c it nt w ih o ve l r pee ed, oods yes h onss e t i oxi ton a w ha he had l r d f om W aggane . G i n appela ' nt ca i nd t ea ne r r ve lnts 5 m edi li paim e ,Cudew asonl abl t per or oneoft t ee sandar ca m r nt y eo f m he hr t d fe d s brey tss t k rz nt lg z n tgmus'( i l o it e t, he l io a a e ysa ho ' HGN) Cud frt . e is adm i s e ed s a t s s t confr t a l ntw as a ca da e f t nit r ever l e t o im hat ppela ndi t or he H GN t t andt tt ew er nota condii t w oul r nde any r uls es , ha her e ny tons hat d e r es t i ld. Cudet n conduc ed t H GN ,a a l ntdipl nva i he t he nd ppela s ayed a1 pos i e 1 s bl s x cl ofi oxi ton.Cudeas a i ues nt ca i ked ppelantwhe he he ha bee drnki l t r d n i ng and w he her he had bee drvi t n i ng. A ppelant adm it t drnki and t l ted o i ng o drvi t s l rCor t i ng he ive vete. Cude de er i t m ned, ba ed upon t t alt of t cicum sanc , hi s he ot iy he r t es s obs va i ,W agganer s obs va i a t r uls oft H GN t tt er tons ' er ton, nd he es t he es hat a la twa it xiae He t e r a hi t D1 2 ( I saut r ppe ln s n o c t d. h n e d m he C 4 DW t t o y wa ni ) At ha poi , c nsd r da la t b i c t d f rDW 1a r ng . t t nthe o i e e ppelnt o e n uso y o nd i oxi ton m ansaught .A ferbei r d t s a ut y w a ni ,a nt ca i l er t ng ea he t t or r ngs ppela l nt r us Cude' r ef ed s eques t he s i abl s m en.Cude e ai t t hat ubm t ood peci xpl ned hat a bl dr was nonet es m a or i t s cas ,be ood aw hel s ndat y n hi e caus he bele e ived a ppelant t be i oxi at d and be l o nt c e caus he be i e leved t t i oxi aton had ha nt c i c e Ti s deat H e fled outt m a t y bl dr w or f t aus d na' h. il he nda or ood a der or he hos t and t nur e dr a pial he s ew ppelant sbl l st n one and a hal hour l ' ood es ha f s afert ac dent Tessont tbl r veal a l ntsbl a coholl vel t he ci . t ha ood e ed ppela ' ood l e t be . 42 and de ect m a i na i hi s t m . o 1 t ed r hua n s ys e Cal ,a *2-7. bas t 1 1 TH E APPLI BLE LEGA L STAN DA RD S 1. CA A. Ha beasRe ew vi Thi pe ii i gover s tton s ned by t applcabl pr s ons of t Antt r i m a he i e ovi i he ier ors nd Efe tveDe t Pe ly Ac of1 6 ( fci ah nat t 99 AEDPA) 28U . C.j 225 . S. 4.Un rt AEDPA, de he f d r l a a r le c nno b g a t donlga is sa j c t do t me isi sa ec ur e e a h be s ei f a t e r n e e l s ue d udia e n he rt n tt o t u e st esaea j i ai nwa c nta yt c e rye t b ihe f de a 1w a d tnni db nls h tt d ud c to s o r r o la l sa ls d e r la s e e ne y t Supr m eCour , i vedanunr as he e t or nvol e onabl a i aton ofcl ary e t ihedf r 1 w e pplc i e l s abls ede al a a dee mi d b t Su e Cou t Har igt v Rihtr 5 U. 8 9 -99 ( 1 . s tr ne y he pr me r. rn on . c e , 62 S. 6, 8 201 ) , 6 Wila v Ta or 5 U. 3 , 0 li ms . yl , 29 S. 62 4 4-05( 00 ; U. C. 22 4( ) 1 ,2) A sa ec ur 20 ) 28 S. jj 5 d ( ) ( . tt o t decii i contar t f alpr de i i applesar et tcontadi st gove ni l w s on s r y o eder ece nt f t i ul ha r ct he r ng a s f t by t Supr e Cour, or et orh he em t conf ont a s of f t t t a e m a e i ly r s et ac s ha r tral i si s e fom s h a deci i and ani s ata r ul dif r f om t Supr e nditnguihabl r uc son ve es t f e ent r he em Co tsp e e nt Eary v Pa k r 53 U. 3,7 ( 00 . ur' r c de . l . c e , 7 S. -8 2 2) A s a ecour unr ona y a i sSupr eCour pr denti i e onabl a i tt t eas bl pple em t ece f tunr as y pples t cor e l he r ct egalr e t t f ct of a pa tcul r cas or unr as ul o he a s ri a e, e onabl e e y xt nds a l egal prnci e fom Supr m e Cour pr i pl r e t ecedentt a ne cont xtwher i s o w e e t houl not a y,or d ppl unr onabl r us t e e t pr nci e t a new cont w he e i s eas y ef es o xt nd hat i pl o ext r t houl a y. d ppl W ilams,529 U . at409.I deci ngw he he as a ecour ' a i ton w a unr onabl li S. n di t r tt ts pplca i s eas e, t sCou tc sd r whehe t e a lc tonwa ob e tv l un e s na e f a 411 kt hi r on i e s t r h pp ia i s j ci ey r a o bl . #. t . ç l bea s r peatng t even a s r ca e f r i doesnotm ea t s a e c tscontar r e i hat tong s or elef n he t t our ' r y concl i w a unr ona e.'Ri e 562 U. at1 A ss a ed by t Supr m e Cour us on s eas bl ' cht r, S. 02. tt he e t i Ri er n cht , I t s s anda d i difcul t m ee ,t t i beca e i w as m e t be. A s f hi t r s fi t o t ha s us t ant o a nd d b AEDPA,j 2 44 so s to i sng a c mplt ba o me e y 25 d) t ps hor f mpo i o ee r n f d r lc u tr ltgai n o camsar a y rj c e i sa epr e di . I e e a o r eii to f li le d e e t d n t t oc e ngs t pr er aut iy t i s t wrt i cas s wher t e i no pos i lt es ves hort o s ue he i n e e her s sbiiy f imi e u it c ul d s g e t a t sa ec r' d c sonc ntit wih ar nd dj rss o d ia r e h t he t t ou ts e ii o lcs t t sCo tsp e e nt.l g sno frhe .S c in 22 4( )r te t t viw hi ur' r c de s t oe a t r e to 5 d el c s he e t t ha ha beas cor pus i a Sgua d agai t ext e e m alunctons i t s a e s t r ns rm f i n he t t c i n lusies tm s'no as siu ef or na ye r rc re to t o h rmi a j tc yse , t ub tt t or di r ro o r ci n hr ug ' appeal . 1 . a 1 - ( mpha i a e it r lct to o te ) d , t 02 03 e ss dd d; n e na iai ns mit d . The AEDPA a f dsdef r ncet a s a e cour ' r uton off t is .U nder f or ee o tt ts esol i ac ual s ues 28U. C. 22 4( ( , d cso a j dia e o t me isi asaec u ta ba e o a S. j 5 d)2) a e ii n d u c td n he rt n t t o r nd s d n f cua d tr nai n wilno b o ru e on f c u lg ou u e s i i o j ci l a t l e e mi to l t e ve t nz d a t a r nds nls t s b e tvey unr onabl i lghtoft e dence pr e ed i t s at c tpr eas eni he vi es nt n he t e our oceedi M il -Elv. ng. ler Coc r l,53 U. 32 3 ( 003 .A f d r lha a c ur mus pr s me t u ryig k e l 7 S. 2, 43 2 ) e e a be s o t t e u he nde l n f t l de e na i of t s at cour t be cor ec , unl s t pettone r but t ac ua t nni ton he t e to r t es he ii r e s he pr s mpto ofc re t s b ce ra d c n n i g e d nc .28U. C. 22 4( ) 1 ; e e u i n o r cne s y la n o vi c n vie e S. j 5 e ( ) s e alo M il r ,537 U . at330-31 s le -El S. . B. Summ a y J m ent r udg I de i ngamoi frs mmayj g ntt dsrc c u t t eemi wh t r n cdi ton o u r ud me ,he itit o rmus d tr ne ehe t epla i gs dic ve y ma e il, ndt e s mma yj me te de c s w t t he ei h e d n , s o r t ra s a h u r udg n vi n e ho ha t r s noge ui is a t a ymae ilfc a t tt mo ngpa t i e ildt j gme a n ne sue s o n tra a t nd ha he vi ry s ntte o ud nt s a ma troflw . FED. Cl P.5 ( ) On e t e m o ntpr s nt a pr pe l s ppo td te a R. V. 6 c . c h va e e s o ry u re mo i f rs ton o umma yj gme t t bu d n s hst t no va tt s w wih sg fc n r ud n ,he r e hi o he nmo n o ho t iniia t pr tve evi e t e senc ofa genui i s ofm a eralf t H am it v.Se oba i denc he xit e ne s ue t i ac . lon gue S fwa e I c.23 F.d47 47 (t Ci. 00 . o t r, n , 2 3 3, 7 5h r 20 ) W h l s mma yj g nt u e a pl wih e a f r ei as ci n 2 4pr e d n ie u r ud me r l s p y t qu l o c n e to 25 oc e i g, t r esonl appl t t ext t tt do notconti w ih t f alr es gover ng he ul y y o he ent ha hey lct t he eder ul ni h b a pr e di s Th r f r ,s c in 2 44 ) 1 ,wh c ma ae t ta sa e c ur' a e s oc e ng . e e o e e to 25 e ( ) i h nd t s ha t t o ts fn ng a et bepr s d c r c , ve rde t s i di s r o e ume ore t o ri s he umma yj gme tr et ta l s utd r ud n ul ha l dip e 8 f ct m us be consr i t lghtm os f vor bl t t nonm ova .A ccor ngl unl s a s t tued n he i t a a e o he nt di y, es a pe ii rcan r ttone ebutt pr umpton ofcor ec nes ofa s a e cour ' f t fndi by he es i r t s tt ts ac ual i ngs cl ra convi ng e denc t s a ecour ' fndi m us be ac ed ascor ec by t ea nd nci vi e, he t t ts i ngs t cept r t he f d r lha a c r. Smih v Coc r l,31 F.d 6 1 668 ( t Ci. 02) o e r e o e e a be s ou t t . k el 1 3 6 , 5 h r 20 , v r uld n ohe gr nd b T nn r v Dr t e 5 U. 27 ( 0 . t r ou s y e a d . e k , 42 S. 4 20 4) Cule v.Pi s er ln nholt UnderAED PA ' lm ied s ope ofr ew ,t s Cour wilonl cons dera r ew Si t c evi hi t l y i nd evi evi e i t r or t w asbef et sat cour.I Culen v.Pi st 563 U . 170, denc n he ec d hat or he t e t n l nhol er, S. 1 1 2 ( 1 ,t Unie Stt s S r me Co r m a c e rt tf d r lc ursma no 8 -8 201 ) he t d ae up e u t de la ha e e a o t y t c nsd rne e d nc i d tr ni i t sae c u tsa j c to wa r ao bl o ie w vie e n eemi ng f he tt o r' dudiain s e s na e. Cons equenty, hi Cour hasnotcons der f l t s t i ed orpur esofAED PA r ew a docum ent , pos evi ny s s a em e s e denc orot rt tm oni m ater s tf t by pe ii t t nt , vi e, he esi al t s e orh ttoneri t spr n hi oceedi ng t w er notpr e ed tm el and pr ry t t sat cour . hat e es nt i y ope l o he t e t l I EFFECTI E A SSISTA NC E O F TRI L CO UN SEL V. N V A The Si h A m e xt ndm e t t U nied St es Cons iuton gua ant s a crm i nt o he t at tt i r ee i nal de e f ndantt r ghtt t ef ec i a s s a ofcouns .U . CONS a e V1 A f de al he i o he f tve s i t nce el S. T. m nd. . e r ha as c pus pettoner s c ai t he w as deni ef e i as s ance of c be or ii ' l m hat ed f ctve sit ouns i el s me s r d b t sa r ss tou i S rc l nd v Wa higt ,46 U. 6 ( 98 ) To a u e y he tnda d e t n tik a . s n on 6 S. 68 1 4 . as e ta s ces f i f tvenes cl m ,a pe ii r m us es a ih bot cons iutonaly s r uc s ul nef ec i s ai ttone t t bls h tt i l d fce tp ro ma e b c ns la d a t lprj c a a r s tofc un e ' d fce t e i in e f r nc y ou e n cua eudie s e ul o s ls e iin 9 pef r nc .1 a 68 roma e d. t 7.Thefiur t d mo taed fce pefr n eorprj diei al e o e nsrt eiint ro ma c eu c s ft l o aStikan c am.Gr e v Jo ns ,1 F. 1 29,1 35( t Ci.1 ) aa t rc l d l i e n . h on 60 3d 0 0 5 h r 998 . A c ns ls pe f r nc i d fce t i i f ls be o a ob e tv sa a d of ou e ' ro ma e s e i in f t a l l w n j ci e tnd r r ona e s St ckl 466 U . at688.l de er i ngw het c eas bl nes . ri and, S. n t m ni her ouns ' pe f m a els r or nce wa d fce ,udca sr tnymusbehihl d frnta, t asr gp e u to i fvo s eiintj iil c ui t g y e ee ilwi ton r s mp in n a r h offndi t t i couns r i ng hat ral el ender d a e dequa eas it t ss ancea ha hechalengedconduc as ndt tt l tw t p o uc o ar a o dtil tae y.We t . hn o 92F. 1 ,1 00( t Ci. 99 . he r d t f e s ne ra sr t g s v Jo s n, 3d 385 4 5 h r 1 6) To ove com e t spr umpton,a pe ii r hi es i ttonerm us i ntf t ac s orom i s ons ofcouns t de iy he t si el t t r a lg dno t ha be nt r s to r a o bl p of s i na j dg n .Wik r on ha a e le e t o ve e he e ul f e s na e r e so l u me t l e s v Coli , 0F. 1 5 1 65 ( t Ci.1 92 .Howe r ame ee r b c u e , ve i . lns 95 2d 0 4, 0 5 h r 9 ) ve , r ror y o ns l e n f pr e so ly u e s na e d sn warnts ti a i t j me tofac i na ofsinal nra o bl, oe ot ra etng sde he udg n rmi l pr e d ngi t er rha no e f c o t j dg n .Stika 46 U. a 691 oc e i f he ro d fe t n he u me t rc lnd, 6 S. t . Acua p eudc fom ad fce yi s wnit r i ara on bl p o blt t t t l rj ie r eiinc s ho f hee s e s a e r ba iiy ha, butf couns ' unpr es i e r , her ul of hepr or els of sonal r or t es t t oceedi oul ngw dhavebee dif e . n f er nt f a 6 To d tr nep eudie t qu si f c s so whehe c unslsd fce t #. t 94, eemi rj c ,he e ton o u e n t r o e' eiin per or anc r nder t r ul oft ti unr i eort pr di f f m ee s he es t he ral elabl he ocee ng undam e a l unf r nt ly ai. Lo k a tv Fr t l,5 U. 3 4,37 ( 9 ) n t a r ga d, r la iiyoru ar e s c h r . e we l 06 S. 6 2 1 93 .I h t e r un e ib lt nf in s doesnotr ul i t i f tvenes does notde i t pe ii es t f he nef ec i s prve he ttonerofany s t i or ubs antve pr dur rghtt whi h he i e il 1 oce al i o c s ntted. d. 10 The Supr m e Cour r nty emphaszed i Ri e t m anne i w hi a f a e t ece l i n cht r he rn ch eder l c ti t cons de a i f tve as i t nce of c our s o i r n nef ec i ssa ouns cl m r s i a habe pe ii el ai aied n as tton s b e tt AEDPA' lmiai ns ujc o S i tto ' . Thepi alque ton i whe he t sat cour ' applc i oft St ckl vot si s t r he t e ts i aton he ri and s a r w as unr ona e. Thi i dif ent fom as ng w he he de e e t nda d eas bl s s f er r ki t r f ns couns ' pe f m ancef l k st i and' sandar W er t t i r els r or el bc ow rckl s t d. e hat he nquiy, t a ys s w oul be no di f r nt t he nal i d f e e han i ,f exam pl t s Cour w er f or e, hi t e a j iai aStikan cam o drc rviw ofaci na c nvitoni a dudc tng rc l d li n ie t e e rmi l o ci n U nied St esditi tcour.U nderAEDPA , hough,i i a neces ar pr m ie t at s rc t t ts s y e s t a t t q si s a e d fe e . Fo p pos s o j 2 4( ( ) a h t he wo ue ton r if r nt r ur e f 25 d) 1, n unr ona e applca i of f r l i dif ent f om a i r ct eas bl i ton ede al aw s f er r n ncor e a i ton of f a l w . A s a e cour m us be gr ed a def ence and pplca i eder l a tt t t ant er l tt t t a e noti ope aton w he t cas i ves r vi w under t a iude ha r n r i n he e nvol e e he Sti kl sanda d is f r c and t r t el. 56 U . a 1 1(n e na quo ai n o i e . 2 S. t 0 i t r l tto m t d) t Pe ii ttoneras erst f l i asi t ncesofi f ctve a it s t he olow ng ns a nef e i sss anceofti lc r a ouns . el A. Faiur t i tgat l e o nvesi e Pe ii ttonercont ndst tcouns f ie t conducta ade t i tgaton i o t e ha el a l d o n qua e nves i i nt he f sa pot i w iness l hi applca i f s a eha act nd ental t es. n s i ton or t t beasr lef pe ii e i , ttonerf us hi oc ed s cl m on couns ' aleged f l e t i tga e a i i lt oft bl t tr uls I ai els l aiur o nves i t dm ssbiiy he ood es es t . n rj c i t ec am, hesa etilc ur ma et e f l wi r lva tnd n off c : e e tng h li t t t ra o t d h olo ng e e nt i i gs a t 8. A s m pl of t applcant s bl w as dr a e he i ' ood awn, w ihout a w arant t r , purua t Te sTr ns ra i Co j7 01 ( ( )a . s nt o xa a po tton de 24. 2 b) 1( ) 9. A s pl oft a i ntsbl wasalo dr w n f edi l pos am e he pplca ' ood s a orm ca pur es. 1 0. The applcant cl m s ti couns f l t i tga e t 1 i ai r al el aied o nvesi t he aw nece sa y t s s r o uppr st r ulsf om t m a t y bl dr . es he es t r he nda or ood aw Thea i nts em st s pplca e o ugges t tti lcouns s dha ar t ha r a el houl ve guedt he bl s d ha bee s ood houl ve n uppr s d unde M is es e r s ouriv. cNeel 1 S. M y, 33 Ct 1 2,1 6 ( 3) . 55 5 3 201 . The Supr eCour oft U nie St esdeci d M cNeel on Aprl17, em t he t d at de y i 201 3. 1 3. The a i ntsti occur ed a oxi at y t eem ont prort t pplca ' r al r ppr m el hr hs i o he Supr e Courtsdecii i M c e y. em ' s on n N el 1 4. Theapplcantdoesnots i how whatti couns w oul havedicove ed r al el d s r i he woul have conduct d addii f d e tonal i tga i i o t l nves i ton nt he aw r di s egar ng uppr s i ofbl e denc a t tm e oft applcants e s on ood vi e t he i he i ' ti . ral Expa t Cal a , p. 03 4 (e o d c s ctto o te ) Thesaeti l o r as ma re b s p 1 -0 r c r , a e iai ns mit d . t t ra c u t lo de t f l i r l vantc us onsofl : he olow ng e e oncl i aw W he r e i t i counselsconduc ,t r vi ng c tm ea ur n eviw ng ral ' t he e ewi our s es couns ' per or a a ns t sat oft l w i ef ec durng t els f m nce gai t he t e he a n f t i he tm e oft i . i ral Beca et Supr eCour had notdeci M isour v. c y a t us he em t ded s i M Neel t he tm e oft a i ant sti , ralcouns w asnoti f i f f ii i he pplc ' r alt i el nefectve or a lng t a gue t applcant s bl s d ha bee s o r he i ' ood houl ve n uppr s unde es ed r Mc Neel y. 3. The a i ntf l t s pplca ais o how ti lcouns w asi f tve f f lng t ra el nef ec i or aii o i tgat t l w r di s esson ofbl evi nvesi e he a egar ng uppr i ood dence beca e us t applcantf is t s he i a l o how whataddii tonali tga i w oul ha nves i ton d ve s how n. 4. To be e il t ha ntted o beasr i ,a a i ntm us pl ad and pr f ct elef n pplca t e ove a s w hi h e il hi t r i and he m us pr c ntte m o elef t ove hi cl m by a s ai pr ponde ance oft rvi e r he dence. + * + 12 + l a1 t ngs t a i n 1 hi , he pplcant f is t s a l o how he w as deni ef ec i ed f tve r es nt ton ofcouns latt i l epr e a i e ra . 1 , p. 1 -11( iai nso te ) TheTe sCo t fCrmi l pe l r le o t etil d.p 1 0 ctto mit d . xa ur o i na Ap as eid n h ra cour ' fndi off a c usi ofl w i de ng sat habeasr i .1 ,atc ts i ngs act nd oncl ons a n nyi t e elef d. over . Pe ii pr s sno pr ofwha a addii ttoner e ent oof tn tonali tga i w oul ha r veal nves i ton d ve e ed, nordoe hes s how t tc ha ouns w asuna ar ofi a how iw oul havec ngedt out om e el w e t nd t d ha he c a ti . The r or is fdoesnotes a ih w ha an addii t ral ec d t el t bls t tonali tgaton woul ha nves i i d ve s n or how i w oul ha changed t ti ls out om e. Pe ii r s s cul i a how t d ve he r a ' c ttone ' pe atve nd conc usor cl m i uns l y ai s uppored by t r cor a w a r sno ha t he e d nd r ant beasr i . SeeKoc v. elef h Puc et 9 F. 5 ,5 0 ( t Ci.1 0 (s t u pr s ha a pe ii nsmus be k t, 07 2d 24 3 5 h r 99 ) û ho gh o e be s tto Al t consr lbe a l m er c l or alega i on a crtcali s ar i ufi e t r s a tued i r ly, e onc us y l tons ii s ue e ns fci nt o aie c siu i na is .)(n e na qu t ton o te ) on tt to l s ue' i t r l o a i mit d , ' The sat c tde e habe r i . Pettone f l t s t e our ni d as elef ii r ais o how t t sat cour' hat he t e ts de e m i tonw asconta yt ori ved a unr s bl a i i of St ckl t r na i r r o, nvol n ea ona e pplcaton , ri andoïw a s a unr as n e onabl de e m i i oft f sbas d on t e dencei t r cor Res e t r naton he act e he vi n he e d. pondent i e tte t s mma yj gme tdimis lo t sc am. s n ild o u r ud n s s a f hi li B. Fa l e t i e vi w w ines es iur o nt r e t s Pe ii rge r l cont ndst couns f l t i er ew a orcal non- xper ttone ne aly e hat el aied o nt vi nd/ l e t w ine es. t ss ûg-o prvalo a i fe ve a ssa ec am ba e o c uns lsf iur t c l a t-l e i n n ne f di s itnc li s d n o e ' al e o al l w ines t pettone m us na et w ine s,dem onsr t t tt w ines w asavaia e t t s, he ii r t m he t s t a e ha he t s l bl o t tf and w oul ha done s s toutt cont ntoft w ines spr es iy d ve o, e he e he t s' opos d t tm ony,a e es i nd s how t t t tm ony w oul ha bee f abl t a pa tcul def e.' D a v. hat he es i d ve n avor e o r i ar ens ' y Qu re man 5 6F. 5 , 38( t Ci. 09 .( mpli t ba e po nc le t s e a tr , 6 3d 27 5 5h r 20 ) ç co a n s s du nu al dwi s s ne (r jno fvo e be a et p e e ai n ofwine st si y i e s n i ly sr t g a a e t a r d c us he r s ntto t s e tmon s s e ta l tae y nd t w ihi t t i couns ' dom ai and .. s ul tonsast whatt ew ines esw oul hus t n he ral els n, . pec a i o hes t s d ha t sii di t ounc ran. Alx nde v Mc tr 7 F. 5 6 ( t Ci.1 ) ve e tfe s o e ti ' e a r . cot , 75 2d 95, 02 5 h r 985 . ' e I o d rfrpeii rt de nsrt ter q st Stika prj ie hemu ts w no n r e o ttone o mo tae h e uiie rc lnd eudc , s ho t onl t tt s fc t tm ony w oul ha been f vor e,butalo t t w ines w oul y ha he pecii es i d ve a abl s hat he t s d ha t tsed a ti .1 ve es i t r al d. Pettone f l t pr de any e denc i s ii r aied o ovi vi e n uppor ofcl i f om it wines es t a m or ted t s , a t sat habeas cour ' conc uson t t couns was not i f ctve was not an nd he t e ts l i ha el nef e i unr ona e de e m i ton. Pe ii r s eonc us y a s tons ofunc l w ines es a eas bl t r na i ttone ' l or s eri aled t s nd pos i e t tm ony a e s sbl es i r pecul tveand uns ai uppor e i t r d,and pr de no bas sf t d n he ecor ovi i or rle .Peiine etbls e n ihe d fce pef ma eno a t l rj c , ndha a eif tto r sa ih s et r eiint ror nc r cua p eudie a be s r i i unw a r ed i t si t nce. elef s r ant n hi ns a The sat c tde ed habea r i . Pettone f l t s t e our ni s elef ii r ais o how t t sat cour' hat he t e ts det r i tonw ascontar t ori ve anunr onabl a i ton of St i kl e m na i r y o, nvol d eas e pplca i , r c andoçw a s a unr onabl de er na i oft f d sbas on t e de i t r d.Res n eas e t mi ton he a ed he vi nce n he ecor ponde nt i e ildt s mmayj me tdimis loft sc am. s ntte o u r udg n s s a hi l i 1 4 Faiur t c ul exper w ine s l e o ons t t t s es Pettonera guest tcouns s dha r t ned an e r w ines t s ii r ha el houl ve e ai xpe t t s o how t t hat he das ca e a vi ha been aler Thi,he cl m s w oul have alow ed t def e t h m r deo d t ed. s ai , d l he ens o s how t pe ii hat ttoner di not caus t ac dent or t com pl nant s dea h. H e a s d e he ci he ai ' t lo com pl nst tcouns s d havecons t d w ih and caled a ac dentr ai ha el houl ule t l n ci econsnl i s . t ctonit I rj ci gt s ca ms t sa eti l o t det ef lwi r lva tfnd n o n ee tn he e li ,he t t ra c ur ma h olo ng ee n i i gs f f on colat r lr ew ' act l e a evi . 43. The a i ntcl m s t a vi e r w oul have s n t tt pplca ai hat deo xpe t d how ha he das ca er vi w asaler h m a deo t ed. 44. The a i nts cl m t a vi e r woul ha s pplca ' ai hat deo xpe t d ve hown t tt ha he das c er vi w asaler i c usor h am a deo t ed s oncl y. 45. Thepr ecut ha t chni disc tesw ih t vi durng ti and os or d e cal f uli t he deo i r al of e ed a duplcat copy asa aler tve. fr i e n t na i 46. Tra c un e di no o j c t t ea miso oft d i aec p il o s l d t b e t o h d s i n he uplc t o y. Thea i ntof e snopr i s pplca fr oof n upport hi cl m t avi e of s ai hat deo xper t w oul ha s d ve hown t tt das cam e a vi o w asaler ha he h r de t ed. 48. The a i ntf l t i iy a vi e pplca ais o dentf deo xper . t 49. The applc f l t s i ant ais o how t a vi exper w as a l e ort t hat deo t vaiabl ha s h exper w oul t s iy t t a i ntsbeneft uc t d e tf o he pplca ' i. 50. The a i ant cl m s t a acci nt r pplc ai hat n de econsr i s w oul ha tuctonit d ve s n t tt applcantdi notca e t cr h and t t tbl k how ha he i d us he as hat he û ac box' dat w astaw e ' a l d. 51. The applcants cl m s t tan acci ntr i ' ai ha de econsr i s w oul ha tuctonit d ve s hown t t a i ntdi notc e t cr h a t t çbl ck hat he pplca d aus he as nd hat he ç a bo ' a awa fa d ( r jc l o y. x'd t s lwe a e oncus r 52. The applcantof e sno pr i s i fr oof n uppor ofhi cl m t an acc de t s ai hat i nt r econsr i s w oul ha s tuctonit d ve hown t t applcantdi notcaus t hat he i d e he c as and t t ûbl k box' dat was fa ed. r h hat he t ac ' a lw 53. The a i ntf l t i iy a acci ntr pplca ais o dentf n de econsr tonit tuc i s . 54. The a i ant f l t s pplc ais o how t a acci nt r hat n de econsr i s w a t uctoni t s avaia e ort ts e l bl ha uch xper w oul t tf t t a i ntsbe i. t d esiy o he pplca ' neft Ex pa t Ca b s pp. 1 -08 ( iai ns o te ) The sae til c r as ma t re l a , 07 ctto mit d . tt ra ou t lo de he f l i r e ntconcl i ofl w : olow ng el va us ons a 1 0. Beca et a i antf l t s us he pplc ais o how t avi e r wasa l eor hat deo xpe t vaiabl t tt r t tm ony w oul have beneft t def ns t a i ant ha hei esi d ied he e e, he pplc f lt s ais o how t r al hatti counsel a i f ctvef f lngt cal s a w s nef e i or aii o l uch n expe t r. 11. Beca e t applc f l t s us he i ant ais o how t tan acci ntr cons r tonit ha de e tuc i s w a a l bl ort tt rt tm ony w oul ha be iedt def e, s vaia e ha hei es i d ve neft he ens t a i ntf l t s he pplca ais o how t tt i couns w asi f i f f lng ha ral el nefectve or aii t c ls o al uch a expe t n r. The applcants concl or alegatons t t a vi i ' us y l i ha deo e xper a a t nd n acci nt r cons r tonit woul ha beneft hi c e i not de e tuc i s d ve ied s as s s fci ntpr t w ar a habea r i . ufi e oof o r nt s elef 13. I a1 t ngs,t applcant f l t s n 1 hi he i ais o how he w a de ed ef ec i s ni f tve r pr e a i ofcouns atti l e es nt ton el r a . 1 , 11 ( ia inso i e .Th Te sCo t fCrmi l d.p. 1 ct to m t d) e xa ur o i na Appe l r le o t saetil t as e id n he t t ra cour' tndi off ctand concl i ofl w i denyi habeasr i .1 ,a cove . ts i ngs a us ons a n ng elef d. t r Thei t cl m ,aswih pe ii ' ot cl m s ar bas on pur s nsant ai t ttoner s her ai , e ed e pecul ton a a i nd concl or as e tonst tar uns us y s r i ha e uppored i t r d.Pettonerf l t na et om it t n he ecor ii ais o m he ted expe t ines , aist de onsr t t tt e r w ines w asavaia et t tf andwoul rw t sf l o m t a e ha he xpe t t s l bl o es iy d 16 ha d nes ,f ist s to t ec ntn oft e pe t t s ' pr po e ( ts c ltve ve o o a l o e ut h o e t he x r wine ss o s d no pe u ai ) t tm ony,a f l t s esi nd ais o how t t t tm ony w oul ha be f vor bl t a pari ar hat he esi d ve en a a e o tcul def e.SccD a 566 F. at538.Pe ii ' concl or alegatonsofa om it e ens y, 3d ttoners us y l i n ted xper t wine ar uns t ss e uppored i t r or a de onsr e neiherdefci per onnanc nor t n he ec d, nd m tat t i ent f e a ta p eu c un rStikl d.Ha a rle i u ra e cu l rj die de rc an be s eif s nwarntd. The sat c tde e habe r i . Pettoner f l t s t e our ni d as elef ii ais o how t tt sa e cour ' ha he t t ts det r i tonw asconta yt ori ved anunr ona ea i aton of St ckl e m na i r r o, nvol eas bl pplc i , ri andoïw as a unr as bl de e m i i oft f t ba ed on t e dence i t r d.Re pondent n e ona e t r naton he ac s s he vi n he ecor s i e tte t s s nild o ummayj gme dimis l t scam. r ud nt s sa of hi li D. Fa l e t s iur o uppr st bl dr w es he ood a Pettone cl m s t ti couns s ii r ai hat ral el houl ha m oved t s d ve o uppr s t r ulsof es he es t pe ii r' bl dr w s w hi s ed t the was l l i oxi ed f pur esoft ttone s ood a , ch how ha egaly nt cat or pos he i oxi aton m ansaught c r nt c i l er ha ges. Tot ext pettone sar enti bas i t Supr m eCour ' pos-raldecii he ent ii r' gum s ed n he e ts tt i s on i Mis r v Mc ey,1 3 S. . 5 ,l 63( 1 ) t sCo t d r s e a drj ce t n s ou i . Ne l 3 Ct 1 52 5 20 3 ,hi ur a d e s d n ee t d he ar entunde pettone s f l e t i tgat cl m ,s pr gum r ii r' aiur o nvesi e ai u a. To t e ent pe ii r' ar e i ba ed on t Supr e Cour ' decii i he xt ttone s gum nt s s he em ts s on n M ee de - iz v Mas ac u et,5 7 U. 305 ( 00 ,t sae ha e s c u tma e t ln zD a . s h s ts 5 S. 2 9) he tt b a o r d he f l i r eva fndi off : olow ng el nt i ngs act Th a plc n c amsti l o e wa i fe tvef f ii t o j c e p ia t li ra c uns l s ne f c i or alng o b e t t a çl b t h' ' t tm ony r ga di bl r uls o ça ec s' esi e r ng ood es t . 17 28. The a i pplcantcl m st tbe e t çl t 'di notpe f ai ha caus he çab ech' d r onn t he anal i ,i w aser orf hi t t s iy t t r uls. ys s t r or m o e tf o he es t 29. The a i pplcant cies M el z- i v.M as achusets, 557 U . 305 t ende D az s t S. ( 09 , n s po toft sca m. 20 ) i up r hi li 30. Ia t ppear t a i nt i com pl ni of Re ser Nur e,J m es s he pplca s ai ng gi t ed s a Salnas t s i ony. i ' e tm 31 . The a i ' m edi lr dsw e e adm it d i o e dence. pplcants ca ecor r te nt vi 32. J m esSalnas t r ser nur e who dr t a i ' bl f a i , he egit ed s ew he pplcants ood or m edi lpur es t tfed t t r s t cont ne i t applc ' ca pos , esii o he e uls ai d n he i ant s m e c r ds. di al ecor 33. The Supr m e Cour oft Unie St es not i M el z- i t e t he t d at ed n ende D az hat m e cal r ds c e ed f t ea m ent pur es w oul not be di ecor , r at or r t pos , d cons de e C e tm oni 'undert rhol ng. i r d t si t al' hei di 34. The applca f l t s i nt ais o how t t m e cal r ds w er not hat he di ecor e adm is bl s i e. 35. The a i ntf l t s pplca ais o how t t r ulsoft bl dr done f hat he es t he ood aw or m e calpur esw e e notadm i sbl di pos r s i e. 36. The a i pplcantf l t s ais o how t t ti c twoul ha com m it hat he ral our d ve ted e r ri o rul a ob e to t t bl odr s t . ro n ve r i n j ci n o he o e uls ng Expa t Calas pp.1 -06( ia inso te ) Thesaec r f te ma et f l wig re b , 05 ct to mit d . tt ou t urh r d he olo n r evantconcl i ofl w : el us on a Bec e t a i aus he pplcant f l t s ais o how t t t i cour w oul ha hat he ral t d ve c mmi e e r ri ov ruln a o j c i n t t e r s t o t bl d o t d ro n e r i g n b e to o h e uls f he oo t dr done f m edi pur es,t applcant f l t s aw or cal pos he i ais o how ti r al c un e wa i fe tvef rf ii t ob e tt t r s t. o s l s ne f c i o alng o j c o he e uls f .p. 1 ( iai nso i e .Th Te sCo r of i na Ap a sr le o t s fndngs # , 1 0 ctto m t d) e xa u t Crmi l pe l e id n he e i i t off tand concl i of1 i de ng habea r i .1 ,a cover ac usons aw n nyi s elef d. t . 18 Pe ii ttonere t ihesneiheraf ct norl gal i underwhi h couns lspr s abls t a ual e bass c e ' opos d e o jci wo dha p e ie Thea g me shep e e t aeun u re b lw o t b e ton ul ve rvald. r u nt r s ns r s ppo td y a r he r cor a afor hi no bas sf f alhabe r i . e d, nd f d m i or eder as elef The s a e courtdeni habeas r i . Pe ii tt ed elef ttoner f l t s ais o how t tt s a e cour ' ha he t t ts de e m i ton wascontar t ori ve an unr onabl a i ton of Sti kl t r na i r y o, nvol d eas e pplca i , r c andoçw zs an unr ona e det r i ton oft f t ba d on t evi ncei t r or Res eas bl e m na i he ac s se he de n he ec d. ponde nt i e ildt s mmayj dg n ds sa oft scam. s ntte o u r u me t imis l hi li E. Faiur t r vi das ca e avi l e o e ew h m r deo Pe ii ttonera l gest ti lcouns w asi f tve i f ii t r e t de y' le hat r a el nef ec i n a lng o evi w he put s das c e a vi prort ti . He cl i st ,had c h am r deo i o ral a m hat ouns r vi w ed t vi hew oul el e e he deo, d have di over t t i w a t deput not pe ii r who ca ed t acc de a sc ed ha t s he y, ttone , us he i nt nd com pl na ' dea h. ai nts t l rjci t s cam o sae c ltr lrviw,t sae tilc r ma e te n ee tng hi li n tt olaea e e he tt ra ou t d h f l ngr evantfndi off t olowi el i ngs ac : 15. The a i ntcl m s t i counself l t r vi w t das c er pplca ai ral aied o e e he h- am a vi and t i ti c deo hat f r al ouns woul ha r e ed t vi el d ve evi w he deo,ti ral couns w oul ha dicover t tt of i erca ed t cr h. el d ve s ed ha he fc us he as Theapplcantscl m t tt i couns f l t r e t vi i not i ' ai ha ral el aied o evi w he deo s per uasve. s i Bef e t tm ony began,t pr cut i onned t ti cour t t or es i he, ose or nf he r al t ha t r wasavi s i ended t s he e deo he nt o how , ha s had alead s n t t t he r y how he vi t ti lcouns ,and t tti couns w asa ar oft vi o. deo o r a el ha ral el w e he de 19 18. Tr alcouns w aspr entw he t pr ecut i or ed t cour of i el es n he os or nf m he t heri e i t s nt nton o how t vi he deo. 1 9. Tral couns di not i c e t t t pr ec or s s a em e w as i el d ndi at ha he os ut ' t t nt i r tort thehad nots n t vi ncor ec ha ee he deo. 20. W hen t pr ec or of er t vi i o e dence t i couns he os ut f ed he deo nt vi , ral el o j ce o t g o dst tt vi o c n ane he r a a t tt b e td n he r un ha he de o t i d a s y nd ha he a i antw asnotgi n any M ianda w ar ngs. pplc ve r ni Tra c uns l i no o j c o tegr nd t th wa no gi nnoie il o e dd t be t n h ou s ha e s t ve tc oft vi o. he de The a i ntof er no pr i s pplca f s oof n uppor ofhi cl m t tti c t s ai ha ral ouns el had notr vi w ed t vi prort t i . e e he deo i o ral Ex pa t Cal a ,pp.1 4 (e or ctto o i e . The tilc ur as ma e t re b s 0 -05 r c d ia ins m t d) t ra o t lo d he f l ng r e ntconcl i ofl w : olowi el va us ons a To beentted t ha sr lef a a i ntm us pl ad a pr f t il o bea e i , n pplca t e nd ove ac s whi h entte hi t r i a he m us pr c il m o elef nd t ove hi cl m by a s ai pr ponde a oft evi nce. e r nce he de The a i nt f l t s pplca ais o how t t i c hat ral ouns had notr vi w ed t el e e he vi deo;acc di y,t a i nt f l t pr or ngl he pplca ais o ove f t whi h w oul ac s c d entte hi t r i . il m o elef 1 ,p.11 ( ia ins o te ) Th Te sCo tofCrm i lAppe l r le o t e til d. 0 ct to mit d . e xa ur i na as ei d n h ra cour ' fndi off cta conc usonsofl w i de ng s a e ha ts i ngs a nd l i a n nyi t t beasr i .1 ,atcover elef d. . Pettone a guest the wasnotalow ed t idevel t f t 'oft scl m ,i t ii r r ha l oû op he ac s' hi ai n hat t s a et i c tdi notr r couns t s i an af i vi r pondi t pe ii ' he t t ral our d equie el o ubm t fda t es ng o ttoner s cl i s Pettone ' ar enti a m . ii r s gum gnor t f ct t t pr ec orsat on t r d t t es he a s hat he os ut t ed he ecor ha s ha s wn t evi o t tilc u e pro t ti l a t tc uns l i e noo j ci he d ho h de o ra o ns l ir o ra, nd ha o e vo c d b e ton 20 t o dsgre nt t t pr e uorssae n .M o e r til o ns lo j ce t te o r ia e me wih he osc t ' ttme t rove,ra c u e be td o h vi on gr deo oundst ti cont ne hea s y,whi h s ha t ai d r a c upporst St t sposii t couns t he a e' ton hat el ha viwe t evi o.Co e di no o j c t t vi o o g o so lc ofno ieo d e d h de uns l d t b e t o he de n r und f a k tc r s prs . tto rp e e s ob tves ur ie Peiine r sntnopr ai ummayj dg n e de er ftngt r s d r u me t vi nc eui hep eume ve ac t oft r d,and hi concl or uns r iy he ecor s us y, uppor ed cl i w a r nt no ha sr i . t am r a s bea elef The s at cour deni habeas r i . Pettoner f l t s te t ed elef ii ais o how t tt s a e cour ' ha he t t ts dee mi to wa c n r r t , ri l da u e s na l a ia inolStikando wa t r nai n s o tay o o nvove n nr a o b e pplc to l rc l ç s an unr ona e det r i ton oft f ct bas on t evi ncei t r or Res eas bl e m na i he a s ed he de n he ec d. ponde nt i e tte t s s n ild o umma yj g n d s s a oft sc am. r ud me t imis l hi l i F. Falr t obe tt d s c meavie iu e o j c o a h a r d o Peii e camst ttilc un e s ul h veo jce t itod to ofted s tton r li ha ra o s l ho d a b e td o nr ucin h a h ca e avi i o e denc m r deo nt vi e. On diectappeal pe ii r , ttoner a gue t t ti lcour er ed i adm itng t das r d hat he r a t r n ti he h ca e avi m r deo. The i er edi e sat cour ofa nt m at t e t ppeal di a eed,a hel asf l s s s gr nd d olow : Appelantar l guest tit das cam vi pr e ed evi nce,t pr i ha lhe h deo es nt de he obatve vaueofwhihwa s bsa tal o t ihe b t da ru arprj die l c s u tn ily uweg d y he nge nfi eu c , c u i n of heis s o mila i gt u y. Spe i a l, a g s ûhe onf so t s ue , r se d n hej r ' cGc ly he r ue ,l ' t s a e e si m edit y anddelber el elcied f om A ppelantby t ofic t t m nt m a el i at y i t r l he t er weemo ep eudca t npr bai wh nt ba i f ra ys c i ime t r r rj iilha o tve e he ss o n u h mpar n by Appela att s l nt he cene ofaf t tafi ac de had notbee det r i ' a al r fc ci nt n e m ned.' Hi a gum e i es entaly t t vi coul ha no pr tve val i s r nt s s i l hat he deo d ve oba i ue n dem onsr tng si ofhi i ta i gns s mpaim entbeca ehe t be i aver s i r us û had en n y erous a dent whi w asa l as equa l a e t r nderhi notha ng t nor al cci , ch te t ly bl o e m vi he m us ofhi m ent a phys c f uli .'Beca e,a e s al nd i al ac tes' us ccor ng t a di o ppela , he l nt t vi deo i ûnot cicum santa l r eva ,' t thei ened pr s t r t i ly el nt' he ç ght obabiiy of lt c us ng t ef e s oft acc de w ih f t pr tve ofi oxi aton i onf i he f ct he i nt t ac s oba i nt c i s 21 unfil p eudca a s bsa tal o t ihe b t da ro mila ng ary rj iil nd u tn ily uweg d y he nge f se di a c f i t jr ' nd onusng he uy. ' Appe l ntadm it t drnki al la ted o i ng coholon t vi o a i ue,butcl i edt t he de t ss a m ha he had onl ha lt o bee s' a f r ut d by s gnii antot e dence, y d ûw r' - act ef e i fc her vi i udi Sm ih' t tm ony abouthow m uc al ncl ng t s es i h cohola ppela had cons ed l nt um bef e t ac dent A ppelantha notover e t pr umpton t tt s or he ci . l s com he es i ha hi r lv n vie i mo epr a i t a prj i il n h sh a g d muc ee a t d o s r ob tve h n eud c a, or a e r ue h l sde onsr t es m t a ed- t tt i pac ofs e dence w oul notbe r ha he m t uch vi d ende ed r ha m l sby t s t i ot evi r es he ubsantal her dence a t i ofhi i oxi i t ral s nt caton. Cal a ,a * -8( iai nso itd) b s t 7 ctto m te . Be a et saec ur o drc a pe l ver e peiine ' obe to t t dah c us he tt o t n ie t p a o ruld tto rs j cins o he s c er vi am a deo,pe ii ttonercannots how t tti counse w as defci i notr sng t e ha r al l i ent n aii hos o j ci nsd i g ti l ar s t peii e f ist s ow t tti lc un e wa d fce t b e to urn ra .As e ul, tton r a l o h ha ra o s l s e i in un rStikan M o e ve , tto rf ist s t t b tf rc ns lsf iu et o j c de rc l d. r o r pe ii ne a l o how ha , u o ou e ' al r o b e t t t das cam e a vi t r i a r onabl pr o he h r deo, he e s eas e obabiiy t tt r ul oft ti w oul lt ha he es t he ral d ha be ndfee .Peiin r sa ihe net rd fce t ro ma en a t l eudc , ve e ifrnt tto e e tbl s ihe eiin pefr nc or cua prj ie s and ha beasr i i unw a r ed. elef s r ant The s a e cour deni ha tt t ed beas r i . Pe ii elef ttoner f l t s ais o how t tt s a e c ts ha he t t our ' de er i ton wasc r y t ori ved a unr as t m na i ontar o, nvol n e onabl applca i of Sti kl e i ton , r c andoçw zs anunr ona edetr na i oft f soas dont evi eas bl e mi ton he act e he dencei t r d.Res n he ecor ponde nt i e tte t s s nild o ummayj g ntds sa oft scam. r ud me imis l hi li Chai ofc t n us ody Pettone m e i no ha s r i on hi tc n of c t 'ar ent prm arl ii r rt bea elef s ûhai us ody' gum , i iy bec ehe f l t a l ge a pr any defci nci i t c n ofcusody t w oul ha aus ais o le nd ove i e es n he hai t hat d ve 22 r uled i excl i oft e denc ûchai ofcusody' i c r d by Rul 901 oft es t n uson he vi e. ç n t ' s ove e e he TexasRul ofEvi es denceconce ni a hentc i a i ii ton ofe dence.Se avi r ng ut i aton nd dentfca i vi eD s v St e 9 S. .d 8 1 1( x. p. Ho t n ( s Ditq 1 96 no p t) Theda h . at, 92 W 2 , 0-1 Te Ap - uso 1 t s . 9 , e .. s cam e avi w asa hentcat by polce of i er w ih know l r deo ut i ed i fc s t edge,asr quied by t sat e r he t e r e,a pettoneres a i hesnot ng t t contar Pettone f l t a er a s ii ul nd ii t bls hi o he r y. ii r ais o ss t pec fc c i o c t d o j ci c un e s ul ha r ie ,a f ist s t t ha c u e han f uso y b e ton o s l ho d ve as d nd al o how ha , d o ns l r ie t es e ii o j c in, hevi e wo dha be ne l e Pe ii rsc ncus r a s d h p c fc b e to t d o ul ve e xcud d. ttone ' o l o y and s ul tve a l ga i pr de no bas s f habe r i , a neiher defci nt pec a i le tons ovi i or as elef nd t ie pe f r nc n ra t l eudiei s wn und rStikan ro ma e o cua prj c s ho e rc l d. The s a e cour deni ha tt t ed beasr i . Pe ii r f l t s elef ttone ais o how t t sat cour ' hat he t e ts de e m i ton wascontar t ori ve an unr ona ea i ton of St i andx w a t r na i r y o, nvol d eas bl pplca i , rckl s a unr ona e det r i ton oft f ct bas on t e denc i t r cor Res n eas bl e m na i he a s ed he vi e n he e d. pondent i e ildt s mmayj me tdimis loft sc am. s ntte o u r udg n s s a hi l i DENI L O F DU E PR O CESS A Pe ii ttonera guest he wasde ed duepr sbe r hat ni oces caus t c pl na ' a ops e he om ai nts ut y wasunde t n by a i vi rake n ndi dualw ho w a s equenty c s ubs l onvi t ofm orga f a c ed t ge r ud. I denyi t scl m on cola er r vi w ,t sat t i cour m ade t f l i n ng hi ai l t al e e he t e ral t he olow ng r e ntfndi off : el va i ngs ad 72. D r Fl esw asi ct d f m orgagefaud a hetm eoft applca ' . or ndi e or t r tt i he i nts ti . ral 73. D r Fl e di nott tf a t a i nt sti . . or s d es iy t he pplca ' r al 23 Dr.Fl e aut y r por w asnotadm it i o evi nce durng t or s' ops e t ted nt de i he a i ' ti . pplcants ral Theapplc f l t s i ant ais o how he was deni due pr s ed oces . 76. The a i nt f l t s pplca ais o how any har as a r ul of D r Fl es m es t . or conduc i t aut y. tng he ops Ex pa t Ca b s p 1 -1 ( ia i ns o te . The sae ti lc ur as ma e t re l a , p. 09 0 ct to mitd) tt ra o t lo d he f l i r e ntconcl i ofl w : olow ng el va usons a 19. Be caus Dr Fl esdi nott tf a ti la t aut y r por Fl es e . or d es iy t r a nd he ops e t or pr par w as notadm it durng t a i nts t i ,t applca e ed ted i he pplca ' r al he i nt f ist s a l o how hew a deni duepr sw hen Dr. or conduc ed t s ed oces Fl es t he aut y. ops 20. The a i ntf l t pl and pr f st ts pplca ais o ead ove act ha how he was de ed ni due pr s oces . 1 , 1 2( ia insomitd) TheTe sCou t Crmi a App a sr le o t s fn ng d.p. 1 ct to te . xa r of i n l e l e id n he e i di s off ta c us onsofl i denyi sat habe r i .1 ,a cover ac nd oncl i aw n ng t e as elef d. t . Pe ii ' alega i oft de a sofduepr sar concl or s ttoner s l tons he ni l oces e us y, pecul tve,a a i nd uns uppor e i t r cor andw ar a nohabeasr i .H i ge r diagr m e swih t t d n he e d, r nt elef s ne al s ee nt t he s a e cour' de er i i a e i uf entt m ee hi bur n ofpr unde AEDPA . tt ts t m natons r ns sci o t s de oof r The s a e cour de ed ha s r i . Pe ii r f l t s tt t ni bea elef ttone ais o how t t sat cour' hat he t e ts det r i tonw ascont a y t ori vedan unr ona eapplc i of f al1w orwas e m na i r r o, nvol eas bl i aton , eder a an unr ona e det m i ton oft f ct bas on t evi ncei t r d.Res eas bl er na i he a s ed he de n he ecor ponde nt i e ildt s mmayj dg n dimis loft sc am. s ntte o u r u me t s s a hi l i 24 VI SD D F VIOLATION S . Pe ii ttonerne cl m s t tt St e vi at d Br y by w ihhol ng e dence ofa xt ai ha he at ol e ad t di vi com plt orunaler das ca e avi a a acci ee t ed h m r deo nd n dentr econs r tonitexpe tsr t t uc i s r ' epor. S eBr yv M a ylnd,3 U. 8 8 ( 9 ) Ac o d ngt peiine ,h s i m swo d e ad . r a 73 S. 3, 7 1 63 . c r i o tto r t e e t e ul have s hown t t colii and com pl nants deat w e e ca ed by one oft polce hat he ls on ai ' h r us he i ofi er ,and notby pettoner s i oxi ton. fc s ii ' nt ca i I rj ci t e ecamso c la e a r viw, h saeti l o t det f l wi n e e tng h s l i n o ltr l e e t e t t ra c ur ma he olo ng r eva fndi off t el nt i ngs ac : Thea plc ntcamstilc un e wa i fe tv f rf ii t o j c p i a li ra o s l s ne f ci e o a lng o b e t t t ( o he SOKKI To a S a i û e r' not b i g e t r d i t Aj t l t ton ç po t' r en ne e no e denc vi e. The s cene di am cr at b t ( agr e ed y he SOKKI To a S a i wa AI t l t ton s adm it d i o evi nce. te nt de The a i ntf ist i iy t çr t'he r er t t the cl m s pplca a l o dentf he sepor' ef s o ha ai s houl ha be ent r i o evi d ve en e ed nt dence. 26. The a i nt f is t s pplca a l o how t a he çr t'ge at by t hat not r ûepor' ner ed he ( OKKI To a S a i e ss S AI t l t ton xit . 58. Thea i ant ai st tt pr ecut ihhe d e pa or e denc pplc cl m ha he os orw t l xcul t y vi e a de e hi due pr sby w ihhol ng a unaler copy oft nd ni d m oces t di n t ed he das c er vi h am a deo. 59. The a i nt of e s no pr i s pplca fr oof n upportof hi cl m t tt das s ai ha he h cam er vi w asale ed. a deo tr 6 0. Thea plc nt l i t t hep os c t rwih l t ( p ia c ams ha t r e u o t he d he SOKKI To a AI t l St ton r por. ai e t 25 61. Thea i ntof e snopr i s pplca fr oof n uppor ofhi cl m t hepr e or t s ai hatt os cut wih l t e L t he d h SOKKI Tot lS a i r po t AI a t ton e r. Expare Ca b . pp.1 1 ( iai o te ) The sae tilc ur as ma e t t l as, 05, 08 ct tons mit d . tt ra o t lo d he f l i r e olow ng elvantconcl i oflw : us ons a 6. Be a e t a plc n f is t i e tf t e ( c us he p ia t a l o d n iy h SOKKI To a S a in A) t l tto ûr t' r e st orpr t s a Cr por' e ss, he applcant çepor'he ef r o, ove hat uch te t' xit t i f l t pr f t whi h w oul entte hi t r i . ais o ove ac s c d il m o elef * # The a i nt sconcl or alega i t t das c er vi w as pplca ' us y l ton hat he h am a deo aler and t ta unaler copyw asne t ned overt t def ns t ed ha n t ed ver ur o he e e i nots fci pr t w a r nthabeasr i . s ufi ent oof o r a elef 15. The a i ntsconcl or alegaton t tt pr e orw ihhel t pplca ' us y l i ha he os cut t d he SOK KI Tot St i r ti nots fci ntpr t w ar a ha A al aton epor s ufi e oof o r nt beas r i . elef J , p.1 0 11( iai n o te ) #.p 1 -1 ct to s mit d .TheTe sCo t Crmi a Appe l r le o t s xa ur of i n l a s e id n he e . fndi off a concl i of1 i de ng habe r i . 1 ,a c i ngs act nd usons aw n nyi as elef d. t over . t - he s ppr s i n b t p os c to o e de e f v a e t a a c e u if u e so y he r e u i n f vi nc a or bl o n c us d pon gl r ques vi at due pr swhe et e de i m at raleihert guitort puni hm ent e t ol es oces r he vi nce s e i t o l o s , ir pectve oft good f ih orbad f t oft pr ecuton.'Br y,373 U . at87. To res i he at aih he os i ' ad S. e tbls aBr d vi a i t a pe ln mus s w t t( )t S a e f ie t d s l e sa ih a y olton, he p la t t ho ha 1 he t t a ld o icos e i nc ,r ga dls oft pr e uton' g d o ba f i ( t wihh l e de e i v de e e r e s he os c i s oo r d at 2) he t e d vi nc s h; f vo a et hi ;a ( )t e e de ei ma e il t ti,t r i ar a o bl pr ba lt a r bl o m nd 3 h vi nc s tra , ha s he e s e s na e o biiy t thad t evi nce been di cl ed t out e oft ti lw oul ha been di f r nt ha he de s os he com he r a d ve fe e . 26 Pe ii rs ts i noneoft er r m e s.H i ale i ofs ttone a i fes hes equie nt s l gatons uppr s ede de e e s vi nc a ec us y, pec atve, uns r oncl or s ul i and upport i t ecor andw a r nohabe r le Hi ed n her d, r ant as e i f s gener di a eem e s w ih t sat cour ' de er i tons ar i uf ent t m ee hi al s gr nt t he t e ts t m na i e ns sci o t s bur ofpr unde A EDPA .Pe ii pr e snopr i evi ncet tt St t has den oof r ttoner es nt obatve de ha he a e pos es i or know l s s on edge of a dif ent unaler das c er vi fer , t ed h am a deo or a dent cci r ons r ton r por t a ol hi off ul i c i c ec tuc i e t hat bs ved m a t n ausng ompl nant sdeat ai ' h. The s a e cour deni habeas r i . Pe ii tt t ed elef ttoner f l t s ais o how t tt s a e cour ' ha he t t ts de er i i t m natonwasconta yt ori ved a unr ona ea i ton of f r l w orw as r r o, nvol n eas bl pplca i , ede al a an unr ona e det r i ton oft f t ba ed on t evi ncei t r d.Res eas bl e m na i he ac s s he de n he ecor ponde nt i e ild t s s ntte o ummayj dg n d s s a oft sc am. r u me t imis l hi l i V l . RIG H T O F C ON FR ON TA TI N l O Pe ii ttoneral o c pl nst hew asde e t rghtt conf ontt l b t chni an s om ai hat ni d he i o r he a e ci who pe f m ed t bl dr a t cor r or he ood aw nd he onerw ho per or ed t c f m he ompl na ' aut y. ai nts ops I denyi r i on t e cl m s t sa e ti cour m ade t f l ng r eva n ng elef hes ai , he t t ral t he olowi el nt fndi off t i ngs ac : 37. The a i nt cl i s t t A s i t nt M edi Exam i D r W ol pplca a m ha ssa cal ner . fs t tm ony was i es i nadm is bl bec e Dr W ol di not conduc t si e aus . f d t he a ops oft compl na . ut y he ai nt 38. D r Luia Fl esconduc ed t a ops oft c pl nant . s or t he ut y he om ai . 39. D r LuiaFl esw asno l . s or ongere pl m oyed att Har i Count I tt e he rs y ns iut ofFor ns c Sci es a t tm e oft i . e i enc t he i ral 27 40. D r W ol r vi w ed t phot a . f e e he ogr phs of t i e na a ext nal he nt r l nd er e m i tons of t com pl nant as w el as t r por, c t a xa na i he ai l he e t hars nd di am sa w asabl t f m hi own opi on a t t c eofdeat agr nd e o or s ni s o he aus h. 41. D r W ol opi on r di t ca e ofdeat wasadm isi eunder . fs ni egar ng he us h s bl g e ssae lwl ' xa tt a . F 42. The a i ntf l t s pplca ais o how t t t i cour w oul ha com m it hat he ral t d ve ted e rri ov rul a obe to t Dr W ol' tsi ny. ro n er i n j cin o . fs etmo ng * * * 62. The a i ntcl m s he w as deni t rght t conf ontw ines es pplca ai ed he i o r t s when a tl t 'who di notconductt t tng w as alow e t ûab ech' d he es i l d o t tf t t tr uls. esiy o es es t 63. The a i ntcl m s he w a deni t rghtt conf ont w ines es pplca ai s ed he i o r t s when a herm edi exa i t tfe t t a ops r s t not cal m ner es ii d o he ut y e uls. 64. The r git ed nur e who dr t applc ' bl e ser s ew he i ant s ood f m edi l or ca pur est tfed t t 1b r ulsc ai i t applcant sm edi l pos es ii o he a es t ont ned n he i ' ca r cor e ds. 65. Theapplc f l t s i ant ais o how t tt bl r s t w er çt tm oni .' ha he ood e uls e 'esi al' 66. Thea i ant scl m t hew a deni hi rght oconf ontw ines es pplc ' ai hat s ed s i t r t s when Dr W ol t tfe t Dr. or 'aut y r ti notper uasve. . f es ii d o Fl es ops epor s s i 67. The pr ec ordi notof e Dr Fl es'a ops r os ut d f r . or ut y epor . t 68. Thepr e ori c e ha s wasnotgoi o i r os cut ndi at dt t he ngt nt oduceDr Fl e . or s' a ops r por . ut y e t 69. Dr W ol w a a et f m hi own opi on r gar ngt ca eofdea h . f s bl o or s ni e di he us t i t scas n hi e. 70. l w asnotneces a y t adm i Dr Fl e r porti or rf D r W ol t sr o t . or s' e n de or . ps opi on t be adm i sbl ni o s i e. 28 Ex pare Cal a ,p 1 6 ( ia i o te ) The sae ti lc r as ma t t b s p. 0 -09 ct tons mit d . tt ra ou t lo de he f l i r e ntconcl i ofl w : olow ng el va us ons a 8. Beca eDr W ol wasabl t f m hi own opi onr ga di hecaus us . f e o or s ni e r ngt e ofdea h,hi opi on w asadm i sbl t s ni s i e. 9. Bec e t a i aus he pplcant f l t s ais o how t t t i cour w oul ha hat he ral t d ve c mmie erri o ruln a o j ci t DrW ol se tmo y,he o t d ro n ver ig n be ton o . f tsi n t t a i ntf ist s pplca a l o how t ti c hat ral ouns w as i f i f f ii t el nefectve or a lng o o j c t Dr W ol st si ny. b e t o . t e tmo o + 16. + + + l or r t i plca e t Conf ont i Cl us a out ofcourt n de o m i t he r aton a e, n - - sae ntmus ( )ha be nm a b awine sa e tfo tila tt me t 1 ve e de y t s bs n r m ra nd ( betsi nili naur . 2) e tmo a n t e 17. Be caus t a i e he pplcant f l t s ais o how t t bl hat he ood r uls w e e es t r t es i oni ,'hea i f l t s t tm al't pplcant ais o how t tt Confont ton Cl us t ha he r ai a e w asi i at mplc ed. 18. Beca e Dr Fl es'a ops r por w a notadm it durng t ti , us . or ut y e t s ted i he ral t applc he i ant f l t s ais o how t hat t Conf ont i Cl e w a he r aton aus s i plca ed. m i t 1 ,p 1 1 2 ( ia inso te ) d. p. 1 -1 ct to mit d .TheTe a Cou tofCrmi l pe l r le o t s xs r i na Ap as e id n he e fndi off ta c us onsoflw i denyi sat habea r i .f ,a cover i ngs ac nd oncl i a n ng t e s elef #. t . I Cr wf r v Wa higt n, 41U. 3 5 -5 68( 0 ,heS r meCo t l n a od . s n o 5 S. 6, 4 7, 20 4) t up e ur hed t outof c t es i oni sat m ent a ebar edby t Si h Am endm e ' Conf ont i hat - - our t tm al t e sr r he xt nts r aton Cl e unl s t w ine s i una l e and t def nda had a pror opporuniy t aus es he t s s vaiabl he e nt i t t o c os - xa i t w ines Onl t tm oni s a em ent lca et decl r nt obeaS ines ' r s e m ne he t s. y es i al t t s û us he aa t wt s w ihi t m e ng oft Confont ton Cl e.'Davi v.Was ngt 547 U . 81 821 t n he ani he r ai aus ' s hi on, S. 3, 29 ( 06) Th saetilc ur a i dt s prncplsi de yi peii e ' c nfo ai 20 . e t t ra o t pple he e i i e n n ng tton rs o r ntton cl m s on sa e habe r ew , and pettone f l t s ai tt as evi ii r ais o how t t s a e cour ' hat he t t ts de e m i tons w e e unr ona e. Hi gener l di gr ent w ih t sat c ts t r na i r eas bl s a sa eem s t he t e our' det r i tonsa e i ufi e t m ee hi bur n ofpr underA ED PA . e m na i r ns fci nt o t s de oof The s a e c tdeni ha t t our ed beasr i . Pe ii r f l t s elef ttone ais o how t tt sat cour ' ha he t e ts det na i w asc r yt ori vedanunr ona eapplcaton of f alaw orwas enni ton ontar o, nvol eas bl i i , eder l a unr s n ea onabl de er i ton oft f t bas on t evi ncei t r or Res e t m na i he ac s ed he de n he ec d. pondent i e tte t s mmayj gme tdimis loft scam. s nild o u r ud n s sa hi li Vl I I ADM I BLE M EDI L REC O RD S I. N SSI CA Pe ii r cont nds t t hi m edi r ds wer i r ttone e ha s cal ecor e nt oduced i o evi nc by nt de e s eone w ho wasnotan expe t i vi a i ofs a e evi ntar r es a a horte om r , n ol ton tt de i y ul nd ut ii s. A spos d,t si s doesnotr s gr e hi s ue aie oundsm ertng f alha ii eder beasr i .A pe s elef r on s ng f de alhabeas r vi w m us as er a vi a i of a f r cons iutona rght eeki e r e e t s t ol ton ede al tt i l i . Lowe y v Coli s 98 F.d 1 64, 3 ( t Ci. 9 ) Fe r l be sr l fwil tis r . ln , 8 2 3 1 67 5h r 1 93 . de a ha a ei lno sue e t cor ec e r sofs a e c tt i ,sat or orpr dur l w ,unl s a f r lis i o r t r or t t ons iutonal t ut y, oce al a e s ede a s ue s as pr s n .Ese l v M c r , 02U. 6 67 ( 9 ) We t . hn on 9 F. 1 5, lo e e t tle . Guie 5 S. 2, -68 1 91 ; s v Jo s , 2 3d 38 1 04( t Ci.1 96 .I t c r eofr viwi saepr c e i , f de a c u t o sno 4 5h r 9 ) n he ou s e e ng tt o e dngs a e r l o r d e t sta as pe saea pe lt c r.D il dv Bl k u n, 0 F. 50 51 ( t Ci. 9 ) i s u r tt p la e ou t lar . ac b r 78 2d 9, 3 5h r 1 86 . Re r es , and t any e e pe ii ga dl s o xt nt ttoner has r s a f r ha ai ed ede al beas i s t s ue, he itr d aesaea laec u t ee t dpeiine ' u e l n a g n so d r c a pe l n eme it tt ppelt o r rj ce tto rs nd ryi g r ume t n ie t p a : 30 By agr em ent pori ofa e , tons ppela ' m edi lr dsw e e i r lnts ca ecor r nt oduced i o nt e de vi nce. N ur e Salna t m edi lpr de w ho dr a l nt sbl s i s, he ca ovi r ew ppela ' ood s pa a el f m edi pur es and f al oholt s i pur es t tfed e r t y or cal pos or c - e tng pos , esii wiho to j cint thers lso a la tsbl dac ho tsswee.4 t u be to ha t e ut f ppeln' oo lo le t r 1 2, w hi h w asw el abovet l gallm i of. and appr hi t t c r nge c l he e i t 08, oac ng he oxi a of . Nur Salnas alo t tfed t t r uls of a l ' urnal i , 25. se i s es ii o he es t ppelants i ys s w hi h i cat d t heha ca bi , m a i na, nhi s t whenhew a c ndi e hat d nna s or r hua i s ysem s br oughtt t hos t afe t coli on. o he pial tr he lsi W he t St t s n he a e oughtt i r o ntoducet Pas he adenaPolceD e rm e Re ona i pa t nt gi l Crm eLa a or Re tw hi al ocont ne t r ulsofa la ' bl i bor t y por , ch s ai d he es t ppe l nts ood t ss a la ob e t d.Ou sd t pr s n eo t ej y,hec ur pe mitd e t , ppe lnt j ce ti e he e e c f h ur t o t r te appelantt t keD .Sa l oa nder ,t s s he pons i w ines ,on voi die. Sander i orng t s r r ss a che it t col s ,and t hni ls r s w ih t Ciy ofPas m s , oxi ogit ec ca upe vior t he t adena Polce D e rt e Crm e La a or Durng t s exa i ton, Sande s i pa m nt i bor t y. i hi m na i r a r e t t ( )d dn k w i awa r nt or hebl dwa o ane , 2)d d g e d ha he l i ot no f ra f t oo s bt i d ( i not know whe he t r t r he oom i whi t bl w as dr w n w as pr ry n ch he ood a ope l s niie , 3) dno kn w i a pelntsa m wa pr pe l ce ne ( d dno a tz d ( di t o f p la ' r s o ry la d,4) i t kn w i t bl dwa p o ry d a o t vi l p o ry s ae , nd( )d d o f he oo s r pe l r wn r he as r pe l e l d a 5 i notknow w ha pr t ocedur orpr oc sw er f l es ot ol e olowed bef et bl ar i d or he ood rve att l he ab. On a ppeal appelant ar , l gues t t t St e f ie û o qualf t w ines ha he at a l d t t iy he t s pur ua t t s a r s ti D aube . s nt o he t nda d e n rt The Stt r s ds t t a la ' o j cins a tilwee s cfc t ae epon ha ppelnts b e to t ra r pe ii o c n- - us ody,and t tt i or aton t ta l ntcom pl ns Sa hai of c t ha he nf m i ha ppela ai nder s coul not pr de i hi t s i ony w as pr ded by ot r w ines e d ovi n s e tm ovi he t s s. Spe t a l t St t not t tt hert t tm ony oft D W lt k f ce cik ly, he a e es ha oget he esi he as or ofi r t bl dr nur and Sande s e t i hed t cha n- - usody fce , he ood- aw se, r s abls he i of c t and t tpr rpr ocol wer f l ha ope ot s e olowed. The St e poi s outt tt t i at nt ha he ral cour per or ed aD aubertanal i ,pr l fndi Sander t be qualfed t f m ys s opery i ng so ii a d t s in ii ba e o hi t si nyt bevai r n he c e tfc s s f s e tmo o ldgq The Cour does fnd,f pur es oft shea i Fi s ofal, t i or pos hi rng: r t l wih r d t t adm i s ons of t t tm ony t ough t s t egar o he si he es i hr hi w ines ,w ho i an exper wines ,t tt w ines qualfes as t s s t t s ha he t s ii an exper by r on of hi know l t eas s edge, s l, tai ng a kil r ni nd e re e t t t s j c mat r of t t si n i a xpe inc ; ha he ub e t te he e tmo y s n a oprat one f expe tt tm ony;and t adm itng s ppr i e or r es i hat ti uch exper t s i ony i hi cicum s ancew oul a s s t f tfnde t e tm nt s r t d s i t he ac i r i deci ng t cas Se n di he e. condl w ih r ga d t t s e ii y, t e r o he ci ntfc a l s a t r ulst r ,t Cour w oul fnd t t s na ysi nd he es t he eof he t d i hat hi s ii s entic e denc t t t underyi s entfc pec fc ci i vi e ha he l ng ci ii t yt bevald; het heor o i t echni ,a yi het yt bevald; que ppl ngt heor o i and t t hni t tw as a i i t s cas w as pr l he ec que ha ppled n hi e opery a i d i t scicum sanc pple n hi r t e. Fi l t St t a guest ta e r w oul be ha m l s ast ve y s e naly, he a e r ha ny r or d r es , he r am i onna i a nf ton bout a l ' bl al ppelants ood- cohol l vel and m arhua cont e i na ent obe tdt i t CrmeLa Re orwa a mitdtr ug a peln ' me ia j ce o n he i b p t s d te h o h p la ts dc l r cor a Salnas' t tm ony. W e agr e ds nd i s esi ee. Cal s a * -1 ( ia i so te ) ba , t 9 0 ct ton mit d . Pe ii r s ttone uppors hi a gum e s her w ih not ng m or t t s r nt e t hi e han hi gener s al di a ee entw ih t s a e c tsdet r i tons whi h i i uf i entt m ee hi bur n s gr m t he t t our ' e m na i , c s ns fci o t s de ofpr underA EDPA .H abe r i i unwar a ed. oof as elef s r nt The s a e courtdeni ha tt ed beasr i . Pe ii elef ttonerf l t s ais o how t tt s a e c ts ha he t t our ' de er i i t m natonwasconta yt ori ved a unr as r r o, nvol n e onabl a i ton of f r l w orw as e pplca i , ede al a an unr ona ede e m i i oft f sbas on t e denc i t r d.Res eas bl t r naton he act ed he vi e n he ecor ponde nt i e tte t s s n il d o umma yj gme dimis loft scam. r ud nt s s a hi l i I (BLA CK BO X' EV I X. S ' DEN CE Pe ii rne com pl nst tnoexpe t a pr ent ttone xt ai ha r w s es edby t St t r r ng e de he a e ega di vi nee r ti e reved fom t Cor te' Cbl k box.' The ti r d s st t bl k box w asa r he ve t s ç ac ' ral ecor how hat he ac com put r bas r de w ihi t Cor t aut obie t r ded engi f tons e - ed ecor r t n he vete om l hat ecor ne unc i , s ed,a ot rope atonaldat pe nd he r i a.Thebl k box i t scas w asr m oved by i tgat s ac n hi e e nves i or a t t c ls on,and t r or da a w as a yze A tti ,St t s w ines O fi r fer he oli i he ec ded t nal d. ral a e' t s fce 32 Ri ngsdi c s t bl k box da a and isanal i .Pettone c endst Ri ngsw as di s us ed he ac t t ys s ii r ont hat di notqualfed asa exper t t tf ast t dat a isanal i . ii n t o esiy o he a nd t ys s I rj ci t sagu n ondr c a a,heitr dit saec urof p as l n ee tng hi r me t ie t ppe lt neme ae tt o t a pe lhed a f l s olows: O fi Ri ngs t tfe t hi educ i tai ng, and e r e tcer di es ii d o s aton, r ni xpe i nce i n aut obiea denti tgaton andr consr ton.O ut i t pr enceof om l cci nvesi i e tuc i s de he es t e j y,h tsiid a o hi e mi to o t Cor et ' c a h daa h ur e e tfe b ut s xa nai n f he v te s r s t r ti vals t a k/ t bl box,w hi r cor c t n e s f fve e re ysem / a he ack ch e ds erai vent or i s econdsbef e depl e ofavehi e' aibags.R i ngst tfed t tda a or oym nt cl s r di es ii ha t i r ti s e reved f om t box t ough a com put r pr a a t t he has r he hr e ogr m nd ha pe f m edt ss m ea ysss ve orei i eson ot vehi es butnoton r or hi a nal i e n ghttm her cl , ti patc a tp o Covet Ap la tobe td a ti ,a g ng ta hs riulr y e f r te. peln j ce t ral r ui h t Ri ngsw a nott ii t t tf a t t r ulsoft downl ' da a di s û qualfed o es iy s o he es t he oad' of t fo t b a k bo Thetilc ur ov ru e t to j ci n. r m he l c x. ra o t e r l d ha b e to H e e, r appelanta guest t ti cour com m it r ve s bl e r alow i l r hat he r al t ted e r i e r or l ng t St e t adm i an exhi t cont i ng da a f om t c as da a r t i he at o t bi a ni t r he r h t e reval s tm be a e( dngs wa no q lfe un ç yse c us Ri i ) s t ua ii d dz Daub r.TheStt dip e et ae s ut s t D auber has any a i ton her and poi s out t - i a eve , hat t pplca i e, nt hat n ny nt a la ha ne r o j ce t t r la lt oft ar g mod e bu ppelnt s ve b e t d o he eibii y he iba ul- t i se do ya g dt t( d n l sn q lfe t t siya u t er s ls n ta nl r ue ha Ri i gs wa ot uaii d o e tf bo t h e ut . Fi l t St t ar naly, he a e guest te i Ri ngs wer r r t pos es som e ha ven f di e equied o s s pa tc a qualfcatont r ew andt tf t t r s t oft bl kbox da a r iul r ii i o evi esiy o he e uls he ac t downl oad,Ri ngspos ess s qualfca i di s ed uch ii tons. l hi bref appelantciest s a r f e ua i t s entscr i biiy n s i , l t he t nda ds or val tng he ci i ela lt ofpa tcul r evi nce a l ngt butr i lt w as ne r i ed i t t i ri a de t e h, elabiiy ver a s n he ral cour.M or i poranty, t e m t l appelanthasnota guedhow t evi nceabouthi l r he de s s e - t prma y s b e t o Ri ng t si y a u t bl c bo pe d he i r u j c f di s e tmon bo t he a k x r di r t was har f . A c di y,w e de i t deci on t s ecor ng eporm ul cor ngl clne o de hi r cor w het a under wha cicum sances e e d her nd t r t xper t tm ony i r quie t es i s e rd w ih r d t bl k box dat a is r t i l I t d,beca e we a e t egar o ac a nd t e reva . ns ea us r confdentt t spa tcul ac box e dencea i hat hi r i arbl k vi bouta lantss ppe l ' peedbef e or i c woul no ha i c e t ur sd cso weho dt ta y e r ri mpa t d t ve mpa td hej y' e iin, l ha n ro n isa isi w oul behar l s. t dm s on d m es 33 A sm iar i s w a a es ed i Pena v. St e, a s a i oxi toni l s ue s ddr s n at l o n nt ca i m a l ught cas The def ndanti Pena c lnged t qualfcatons of ns a er e. e n hale he ii i t acci ntr consr i ofi and t r i lt of t s veyi he de - e tucton fcer he elabiiy he ur ng i tume t(. .t Ac i e tI ve tga in M e s rn Syse ( M S) us d nsr n ie,he c d n n si to a u i g t m AI ) e t e tm at t def ndant spr acc de s ed.Thecour ofa o s i e he e ' e- i nt pe t ppeal he d t s l hat t ofi rwasqualfedt ough hi t a ni andexperenc butt tt St e he fce ii hr s r i ng i e, ha he at had f l t esabls t r la lt of t A I S f mul s aied o t ih he e i biiy he M or a upportng hi i s t s i onyt tt def e tm ha he endantsc w astave lng 1 m iesperhourbef et ' ar r li 06 l or he f ala dentatis l concl ng t tadm i son oft s at cci s ue. n udi ha si he peed t s i ony e tm w as er one butnone hel s ha m l s,t c tnot t t e de r ous t es r es he our ed ha vi nce of a pari ar s d i not nec s y t s tcul pee s es ar o upport a i oxi t m a l n nt ca ed- nsaught er c n cin.Rahe,he ur mus fn t thed fnd n wa i o c tdwhie o vito t rt j y tid ha t e e a t sntxiae l drvi i apublc pl ce,a t ti oxi ton ca ed t dea h oft vi i . i ng n i a nd ha nt ca i us he t he d m The Pena cour r i upon t abunda t eled he nce of ot r evi he dence a bout t he def endant suns e s ed and t el m e s ofi oxi ton m a l ught : ' af pe he e nt nt ca i ns a er The e denc s st tAppelantw a drvi i exce of60 vi e how ha l s i ng n ss m iespe l rhourashepa ed Zac y V al ss hal enzuel andappr hed a oac t Le Tr vi G a ew a W es i er ec i M r. enzuel di he e e no t y t nt s ton. Val a d not s A ppelant ate ptt br pror t t acci ee l tm o ake i o he dent a nd w ines es t tfed t t t i er ecton w as w el-i and t t s esii ha he nt s i llt he r oadw a wàs dr Phys c evi nce a wines t tm ony y y. i al de nd t s esi i ca ed t t fontofA ppelant sve cl coli w ih t ndi t hat he r l ' hi e lded t he r r e of t vi tm s ve cl causi t r ve cl t go ea nd he c i ' hi e, ng hei hi e o aibor and s n a ound t f ceoncom i t afi Thr r ne pi r o a ng r fc. ough her r r e m ir , V e oni Huera Gar i s ea vi w r or r ca t c a aw Appela ' l nts ve cl s a aga ns t gua dr l at a hi s hi e l m i t he r ai gh peed, c i ausng s r t fy. I unchalenged t tm ony, O f pa ks o l n l esi Gcer Ci ne os s r t tfed t he f es ii hat ound no pr i pactbr m a ksand no pr e-m ake r ei pac s d m a ks a t a dent s ne. E1 Pas Count m t ki r t he cci ce o y M edi Exam i D r J Contn t s ii d t tt pas enger cal ner . uan i e tfe ha he s vi tm bl t deat f om a t n aora, r uli fom t ci ed o h r or t es tng r he c ls on.Dr Contn alot s i d t tt drve c i di he oli i . i s e tfe ha he i rvi tm edt f lo ngd yi t ho pi l r m ij re s sane i t c liin. o lwi a n he s t fo n u is u ti d n he o l o a s A fe e m i ng t r d a a w hol w e fnd t e denc tr xa ni he ecor s e, i he vi e a ve wa s fc e tt s ppo tt j y' a fr tv fndi bo s ufii n o u r he ur s fimai e i ng t t Appela us hi m ot vehi e i a m anne t t w a ha l nt ed s or cl n r ha s c pa e o c usng de t o s rou b l ij y,wiho t a bl f a i ah r e i s odiy n ur t u c i rng t s ed evi nce i r onsde i he pe de ntoduced t ough O fi hr fcer 34 Ciner 't tm ony. The ti c tser oneous a i son of s os es i ral our ' r dm s i t s d e denc di notafec Appela ' s t i rght he pee vi e d f t l nts ubsantal i s and i lghtofot pr l adm it e de we ar as ur d n i her opery ted vi nce e s e ta i isa miso i le c d tej y a al i di s o y h t f t d sin nfu n e h ur t l, t d o nl s i l The ef e, fndt ti lcourtser ort beha m l ss lghty. r or we i he ra ' r o r e . Si lry, r W a ga e e tmae - wi to j ci n t ta la twa mia l he e g n r si t d t hou b e to - ha ppeln s taveli ove 1 m iesperhourwhe he pa s W agga rghtbef e t r lng r 00 l n s ed ner i or he colii R i ngst tfed abouthi t m ' c us on t tt Cor t w as ls on. di esii s ea s oncl i ha he vete taveli a s a hi r e ofs r lng t uch gh at peed t t i was a r ne when i cr he ha t ibor t as d t ough t ci bl f e. Sm ih lke i e t tfed t t a l ntw as hr he nder ock enc t i w s esii ha ppela s edi and drvi uns el s ty bef e t acci . Fi l t pe ng i ng af y hor l or he dent naly, he Cor tetaveled asi fc dit ve t r l gnii ant s ance of t r and s f ed deva t tng f he oad uf er sai da age, hih i c s e w ih t ot revi ncet ta la wasdrvi m w c s onsit nt t he he de ha ppe l nt i ng a an uns es d. l lghtoft sevi t af pee n i hi dence,we concl - ast Pena cour ude he t di t t any ier one d- ha t r ous adm i s on of t s si he peed e dence di not afect vi d f Appelant ss t ntalrght .' l ' ubs a i i s' Ca b s a *1 -1 ( ia i so te ) l a , t 1 2 ct ton mit d . Even a um i Ri ngshadnotbe qualfedt t tf t t Corve t ss ed bas ss ng di en i i o esiy o he te' pe ed on t bl k box dat W aggane pr se ed sm iar t tm ony bas on hi per onal he ac a, r e nt i l es i ed s s obs r i oft Cor te.TheSt t w a notr r t pr t Cor te' e ts e vatons he ve t ae s equied o ove he vet s xac peed prort ora t tm eofi pac ,asm eas e entoft s i o t he i m t ur m he peed is fw asnotan el e oft t el em nt he c i i lofens Li w i e,i i ofno m om entt tt bl box s d da am ay orm a not rm na f e. ke s t s ha he ack pee t y havebe r i bl oncet Cor t w e aibor s condsbef e i en ela e he vete nt r ne e or mpact ve c e s d a ; hi l pee t i pac w asnotan el m entoft c ge of ens A sf m t e he har d f e. ound by t i e m edi t sat cour he nt r ae t e t ofa ppea s pe ii ' tcor te ta l a s gnii l , ttoner s t ve t r veled i fcantdit e of t r and s f r sanc f he oad uf e ed d v sai gd ma e wh c i c nsse t t t o he e de et tg tto r wa d i n e a ttn a g , ih s o itn wih he t r vi nc ha pe ii ne j s rvig a an unsa es t f peed.' Cal ,a 1 The St t pr d t tpe ii rhad bee drvi a a ' bas t 2. a e ove ha ttone n i ng t n 35 uns es af peed a orneart tm eofi pac ; he he ha s t he i m t w t rt t peed was 1 109, 11 m iesper 06, or 3 l hourwas nota es e i f t . Pettone hasnots n t Ri ngs s t s i ony had a n s ntal ac or ii r how hat di ' e tm s t n i l n ij i use f c o hej r sve d c un r c // . r o 5 U. 61 , ubsa ta a d n uro fe t nt u y' r it de fr cc v Ab ams n, 07 S. 9 6 -3 ( 993 ,a h be sr le i un ra t d. 36 9 1 ) nd a a ei f s wa r n e The sat c tde ed habea r i . Pettone f l t s t e our ni s elef ii r ais o how t t sat cour' hat he t e ts de e m i tonw a contar t ori vedanunr ona e a i tonof f a l orw a t r na i s r y o, nvol eas bl pplca i , eder l aw s a unr as n e onabl de er i i oft f ct bas on t evi ncei t r or Res e t m naton he a s ed he de n he ec d. pondent i e tte t s mmayj me tdimis lo t scam. s n ild o u r udg n s sa f hi li X. CO NC LU SI N O Themo in f rs mmayj gme t( c e Enty No.1 )i GRANTED a t i to o u r ud n Do k t r 0 s nd h s habeasl s ti D I ISSED W I PREJU DICE. Any and a1 ot pe ng m otons aw ui s SM TH l her ndi i a eD EN I A S M O O T .A cerii at ofappeal lt i D EN I . r ED tfc e abiiy s ED Sine a Ho t , Texas,on g d t uson Nûk 2 2 2 1 15 . ALFRED H . BE UN I TED STATES D 1 RI JUD GE S CT 36

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