Gordon v. USA Do not docket in 4:15cv1481. File only in 4:11cr165-5., No. 4:2015cv01481 - Document 3 (S.D. Tex. 2016)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM AND OPINION granting Motion to Deny 1 MOTION to Vacate, Set Aside or Correct Sentence (2255) as to Criminal Case No. 4:11-cr-165 (Defendant No. 5). (Signed by Judge Lee H Rosenthal) Parties notified.(gclair, 4)
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Gordon v. USA Do not docket in 4:15cv1481. File only in 4:11cr165-5. Doc. 3 United States District Court Southern District of Texas ENTERED I TH E U N I N TED STA TES DI STR I T C O U R T C FOR THE SO UTH ERN DI STRI OF TEX AS CT H O U STO N D I I O N V SI August 08, 2016 David J. Bradley, Clerk UN I TED STA TES O F AM ERI A , C Pl ntf - s ai i f Re ponde , nt VS. CRI I M NAL ACTI N O. 11 1 5 ON H- - 65CI I A CTI N O.1 - 5- 481 V L ON 11 1 N ATH AN I G ORD ON ,1 1 EL 1, De e ntM o nt f nda - va . M EM O R AND U M A ND O PI I N G M N TI G M O TI N TO N O N O DENY j2 M OTI AND TO DI I CASE 255 ON SM SS Thi m o i a i e fo a lr s l and pr onge m orga -oa fa c i nal s ton rs s r m a ge-cae ol d t ge l n r ud rmi pr ec i Naha e Gor pl de guit t c pia yt c os uton. t nil don ea d ly o ons r c o omm i m a lwie a ba fa t i, r , nd nk r ud, a c pia y t c nd ons r c o omm i mone lunde i i co c i wih t m orga -oa f a s heme t y a rng n nne ton t he t ge l n r ud c , i vi ai of1 U. C.jj1 ,1 1 44, 1 ( ntone) a j 1 h)(ountt . n olton 8 S. 341 343, 3 and 349 cou , nd 956( c wo) Hi plaa e me ,e e e unde Rul 11c ()B) i l dawai rofhi rg st appe la s e gre nt ntr d r e ()1 ( ,ncude ve s iht o a nd t fl c lt r c l nge .Afe a de a ld a l ng hy c l o ie ola e al hale s tr t ie nd e t oloquy,t c tf he our bund t tGor s ha don' pl a w asknow i y and vol a iy m a a a c pt d t pl a. e ngl unt rl de nd c e e he e The Sen e i Gui i r nge t tr s t wa 63 t 78 mont . Tha i ude a t ncng delnes a ha e uled s o hs t ncl d n ofe e lvelbas on hol ng Gor n a cou a e f a faud l s of$1656, 0. He wa fns e ed di do c ntbl or r os , 81 00. s de m e a a r e pari pa i a e ens ve s m e t tha a l s f vi tm sa a l as fve e d n ve ag tci nt n n xt i che ha d t ea t our c i nd t e t i pm i i nt . Gor wa a l n ofi e wih t Gor Fi i lGr a ar ale t t a nt cpa s don s oa fc r t he don nanc a oup nd e sae ge . Hi ofe e l eli ude a e nce e f a i hi poston oft s a a l n ofi e . s f ns ev ncl d n nha m nt or busng s ii nlt s oa tc r Dockets.Justia.com Alhought fa l sr ule fom l ta a tons f t he r ud os es t d r 0 r ns c i , ewert n s ha omeoft ot rde e he he f ndant had s e ge i t l sa ount we e sg fc .Thec t d noti nga d n, he os m s r i nii ant our di mpos atne butor r d Gor e i de e don t pa at a of$1656, 1 i rsiuton,oitya sveal wihot rde e nt. o y otl , 8 0 n e tt i j nl nd e rly t he f nda s The gove nmen moved f a be ow- delne s nt nce bas d on Gor n' s t nta r t or l Gui i e e e do s ubsa il a s sanc a r c m e d a 42- ont s nt nc Af e alocuton, he c ts nt nce G o d s i t e nd e om nde m h e e e. t r l i t our e e d r on underj33534)t s ve2 mo hsi c t y.Gor di notappe l I tad, da beor t a o er 4 nt n usod don d a. nse one y f e he dea i f flng anotc ofa al hefld a unr pr s nt d S oton t Re onsde Se enc ' dlne or ii ie ppe , ie n e e e e ç i o c i r nt e. M ' ( ke EntyNo.377) Doc t r ,Two da ltr hi tilc e,Lonni Knowls move t wihd a ys ae , s ra ouns l e e, d o t r w, sai t tGor had r l s d hi asc ttng ha don eea e m ouns andt tane lwyerha e er d an a a a e el ha w a d nt e ppe r nc f rGor o don. Thecour gr nt d t moton t wihdr w butde edt m oto t r onsde . t a e he i o t a ni he i n o ec i r l hi # 2255 moto Gor aleg t tKnowls pr ded i fci a ssa e a n s in, don l es ha e ovi nefe tve sitnc t s nt nc ng a i f ii t appe l Ther cor cl ry s e e i nd n a lng o a. e d ea l howst tKnowl spr ded c tt i na l ha e ovi ons iuto ly ef e tve as i t nce and Gor ha f ie t s fci ssa , don s a l d o how ot r s The r or al o c e r y s st t he wi e. ec d s l a l how ha G or s pl w a vol ar a i or ed a t t hi w a ver of hi appe l t a cola e a don' ea s unt y nd nf m nd ha s i s la e nd l t r l chalngerght i e orea e.Hi j2255 moton f l a amatroflw. The g r nts le i s s nf c bl s i ais s te a ove nme ' moi t dimisCi lAci No.1 1 i g a e a Gor sj2255moi i Crmi l ton o s s vi ton 5- 481 s r ntd, nd don' ton n i na A c i N o.11 1 i de ed. The r a o f t s r i a e e a ne bel . ton - 65 s ni e s ns or he e ulngs r xpl i d ow 1. Background l hi pl a a e nt Gor a e t t f l ng f c ualbass whi de c i hi n s e gr eme , don gr ed o he olowi a t i, ch s rbed s i ve e i t m o t ge l n f a s he e: nvol m nt n he r ga - oa r ud c m 17. D ef endanti pl ng guit becaus he i guit oft char cont ned i s eadi ly e s ly he ges ai n Count One a Tw o oft Supe s di l i t e . I t s c e w e e t pr e t s nd he r e ng nd c m nt f hi as r o oce d o ti l t U nie St esco d pr e c el m e oft of e e be ond ar s bl r a , he t d at ul ove a h e nt he f ns s y ea ona e doubt The f l i f t , a ong ot r woul be otkr d t e tbls t . olow ng ac s m he s d l e o sa ih he def nda ' guit e nt s l: Thedee ntNaha elGORDON Il( r i trGORDONI pa tci tdi t fnda , t ni 1 he enafe , ri pae n he m orgag f aud s m e a l ge i CountOne oft i c m e a a l ofi er a t er che le d n he ndi t nt s oan tc , s we la abor o ra s le .Hewo ked i t lndi i usr asal nofi e i l s r we nd e lr r n he e ng nd ty oa fc r n Gor Fi i Gr a a ar lt a Ta usRe t GORDON utlze hi don nancal oup nd s ea or t ur aly. ii d s co a s wihi t l ndi i t y t obt n m or ga l ns by f a nt ct t n he e ng ndusr o ai t ge oa r ud. Resde i lm orga l nswe e a i f usng m a e i f le i or ton a i nta t ge oa r ppled or i t ral a s nf ma i nd m ir pr e a i r ga di t bor ow e ' c e t t nes . The de ptons s e es nt tons e r ng he r r s r diwor hi s ce i r a di bonowerc ediworhi s i l d b we enotlm ie t empl e , eg r ng r t t ne s ncude ut r i td o oym nt i ome, c h c de i, and i bt s . The de t i nc as m post nde edne s bt o ncome r to was ai m a pul t t m a t bor ow e ' l n a i a i n ft ihi hel ndi gui i s ni a ed o ke he r r s oa pplc t o i w t nt e ng delne oft lnder Ty c l t i omewa i l t and ort borowe ' i bt ne s he e . pialy he nc s nfaed / he r rs nde ed s w a notdi c os G O RDO N knew oft f l e na ur oft i or a i pr de s s l ed. he a s t e he nf m ton ovi d i t l n s isonsa kne a ha r as t bele i woul be ma e i t n he oa ubm s i nd w nd d e on o i ve t d t ral o t Le r 'dec s onst f t m orga l ns he nde s i i o und he t ge oa . l vi l wih g c e t r r c uiedt a tasbo r r i t eta a i ns ndi dua s t ood r di we e e r t o c r owe s n hes r ns cto . The bor ower w e e r c ied asr les a e i t sw hos onl i t en i t r s r e nzt ea t t nves or e y nves m t n he ta ac i w o dbet i goodc edi.Fr que l t l nswer s it dwiht r ns ton ul her r t e nty,he oa e ubm te t he f s r pr s nt ton t tt pur ha e w as f t bor ow e ' pr m a y r s de e s ale e e e a i ha he c s or he r r s i r e i nc o t t1 ha 00% fna ng c d be obt i i nci oul aned. Funds ne ded t cl e t ta a ton, e o os he r ns c i i l ng e r t m one a buye cl i c t , w e e pa d by one of t nc udi a nes y nd r osng os s r i he co piaor i a f hi whih ma i a ns r t s n as on c de t ppea t tt s ce off r ha he our unds wa t s he bor ow e . The bor ower we e pa d w ih pr ee f om t f a f r t i r r r s r i t oc ds r he r ud o he r pa tci ton i t a qui ii oft pr ry. r i pa i n he c s ton he ope t The f a ul nt l n a i tons a s r ud e oa pplca i nd uppor i doc e t w e e f i he t t tng um n s r um s d o he lndesbyUnie Sttsmal i ertt commeca c rir( ri fermal a e r td ae ior nt sae ril are heena t i) nd tuoug elctoni ta f r s hasE- a l ndf smies Thef lei o ma i a l h e r c r ns e s uc m i a ac i l . as nf r ton nd m ir e e a inswe em a e i t t l nde s' cii of her sde i l ns sepr s nt to r t ralo he e r de sont undt e i ntaloa a underwhatc tonst y woul f t l ns Loa tans ton doc e s nd ondii he d und he oa . n r ac i um nt w e e a s e e t o c l tans e r d orm a l d t t l nde s by t tte c pa es r l o l c r ni aly r f r e ie o he e r he il om ni . Tof t l ns l r woul wietans e t l n f und he oa , ende s d r r f r he oa undst t ttec pa s o he il om ny' es r .Fe W ieha co i m ed t t hes w ie ta f r c os e s a e lnesa l a t c ow d r s ntr ha t e r r ns e s r s d t t i tes onc whe t wie move t oug t Fede alRes r Ba i Ne Yor was e n he r d hr h he r e ve nk n w k, s tl d t oug Fe W ie i new J r e a t n s ntt t es r ac ou s oft e te hr h d r n e s y, nd he e o he c ow c nt he tte co pa e i Te s. So e oft f a il m ni s n xa m he r udul nty o a ne m orgage l ans w e e e l bt i d t o r obt i by t c pia or fom lndi i tt tonswhih wer i tr d by t aned he ons r t s r e ng nsiu i c e nsle he Fe r De i l ur nc Cor ai ( C)i l ng Ba ofOklho J deal post ns a e porton FDI ncudi nk a ma, P M or n Chas Ba W e l Fa g Ba Pa r o Ba l ga e nk, l s r o nk, ti t nk, ndyM a Ba a Fl gs a c nk nd a t r 3 Ba Themaort oft l nsobti durng t fa e she fl it nk. j iy he oa aned i he rudulnt c me el no de a tand t pr ri w e e f r c os d. f ul he ope tes r o e l e GORDON esa ihe a us dt a s e na ee ii W ebbe a A s oc ae t bls d nd e he s um d m nttes r nd s i ts a w e l a Ca den Ent r i e i t e uton of t s he e. GO I D ON ' c s l s m e prs s n he xec i he c m k S oc pia or a s esa ihed a s e na e busne s e ii wih co r s ons r t s lo t bls s um d m i s nttes t r e pondi ng ba ac ount w hi we e us d durng t e c i oft s he e i l ng J C nk c s ch r e i he xe uton he c m nc udi & M a ge e l s m e s CC Sa Ent p r s , Pa c Pr r i , W e w orh na m nt nve t nt , n e i es na ea ope tes nt t M a ge e ,a Chul Consr im . na m nt nd o tuctt Thefa e pr rytans ci we e sr ur d s t tl pr edsc d be r udul nt ope t r a tons r tuct e o ha oan oce oul e r c e f hebene i of hec piat sa uli ael de ie i ooneorm o e xta t d ort ft t ons r or nd tm t y post d nt r oft a s e na eba ac ount . The efa e l obti d f he s um d m nk c s s r udul nty ane undswe e us d r e t f f t e fa o und u ur r udul n pr r y ta ac i ,i udi e m e tm one pa e s e t ope t r ns tons ncl ng a s y ym nt a orcl i c t ,a wel a pa ou st c pia or .W he ac piaorpai a nd/ osng oss s l s y t o ons r t s n ons r t d bor ower scl i cos o e r s m one l nde s we e 1 t bele t s c of r ' os ng t r a ne t y, e r r ed o i ve he our e t ef hos undswa t boro e . Thepa m e soft e e ns b aborowe i a s he r w r y nt hes xpe es y r rs f c orco i r d byl nde si e ua i t i ntve ofborowe st r pa l ns a t nsde e e r n val tng he nce i r r o e y oa . GORDON pur s d s ve a pr ri by me nsoff lesae e sa i ntfe i cha e e r l ope tes a as tt m nt s de ii d n t t ebeow:('eD. 1 p.1 frtbl dealngt etpr ri i Houson, he abl l kc E. 23 2 o a e tii hr ope tes n s t TXI GORDON flel cli d t bepurhasngea h oft epr ri ashi . as y ame o c i c hes ope tes s prm a yr s de .Thes w e em a e i lf l e s a em e ss nt i a f c ed t a ount i r e i nce e r t r a a s t t nt i e t f e t he m e c l nderw a w ilng t l nd t G ORD ON and a w ha i e es r t ah e s li o e o t t nt r t a e. G OR DO N al o a r s r ange f one of hi busnes a s i t s W il G a e ,t s l d or s i s s oc a e , l m r o e l s r pr pe te t ought ss he et de r ud.Thef eve al o ri s hr hi c m o fa undsobt i d fom t fa ane r he r ud w e et a f r e i am an rt hi a conc al hetues c oft f r r ns e r d n ne o de nd e t r our e he unds G a e . m r w a buidi hom e i t Hous on, Te s l ng s n he t xas a e whi h he w a e t s l a a ra c nt d o el t pr m iz .Sta bor owe swe er r t t pur ha et pr ri si t rna e . e lm rw r r r ec uied o c s he ope te n hei m s Se l r pr e le oc eds w e e c l c ed b G a e t ough hi Com pa W . G a er r ole t y m r hr s ny m Ent prs s Fr t W .Ga e Ent m r s sae ntG a e s ntf nds t va i er i e . om he m r e i e cou m re u o rous pa tc pa t i t s m e i l ng t GO RD ON who de ied t f ri i n s n he che nc udi o pos t he undsi o hi nt s Ca e En e ie a c u t si ni db lw:ga l o te l md n tmrs s c o n a de tûe eo tbe mitd . ( Docke EntyNo.1 pp.9- 6 . t r 23, 1) ThePSR des i d Gor sr ea r eva c crbe don' ol nd el nt onduc i gr tdeal ( ketEntyNo. t n ea ti. Doc r 287,! 7 7 . ! - 0) 4 Rel evantConductA ss s ent es m 7 The of ens i ved t c di ton of s ve alpe s wor ng i va i 2. f e nvol he oor na i e r r ons ki n rous ca cte (. l n ofie s morga br r r r ies a ralesaea nt)t pa iis ie.oa fc r, t ge oke, ec utr, nd e tt ge s o f rh rh ci n l b e tv s Nah ne Go d n llwo ke i helndn id ty u te te rmi a o j cie . t a il r o ,l, r d nt e ig n usr asa l n of i ra G or n Fi nci Gr a i r a es a e a an ag f Ta us oa fce t do na al oup nd n e l t t s ent or ur Re t Gor utlze hi r ltons p wih a l a buide ,W ile Ga e ,t aly. don ii d s ea i hi t oc l l r li m r o pur ha e hom esa i l t va ue and t obt i ki kba ksf om t buide di gui e c s t nfa ed l s o a n c c r he l r s s d as r al es a e c m i s ons or ot r bus nes r a e f es o ed by t buide . e t t om s i he i s el t d e w he l r Go don pa tci t d i fa e l ta a tonsutlzng hi lc ns asa r al r ri pa e n r udul nt oan r ns c i ii i s ie es e esa eage a l n ofi e . Go do e tbls d a us d as u e na e iis tt nt nd oa fc r r n sa ihe nd e s m d me ntte a ban a cot sf t pur eofexe utngt morga fa she e( mde nd k c mt orhe pos c i he t ge rud c m Ca n Entr ie ,W e r & Ass i es.Thepr pet tans ci weesr t e s eprss bbe ocat ) o ry r a tons r tucur d o t tt f a en l ob ai d l n pr e c d be e r c e f t be ftoft ha he r udul ty t ne oa oc eds oul xt a t d or he ne i he c pia or a uli t l de ied i o one ormor oft as umed na e ba ons r t s nd tma ey post nt e he s m nk a ount. The e fa e l ob ai d fmds we e us d,i pa t t f f u e cc s s r udulnty t ne l r e n r, o und ut r fa r udul ntpr ry t a ac i . The m a r i w hi h t s f e ope t r ns tons nne n c he e unds w e e ha e r ndl d c eaedt tues c a naur oft f onc l he r our e nd t e he undsfom t l nde a i wasmadet r he e r nd t o a art f ppe he undsw e ef r undst bor ow e ha on ha By w a oft se e i a he r r d nd. y hi xc pton nd c once l e of t fa e t co am nt he r udul n nduc, t ofe e i co i r d c t he f ns s nsde e ompl x a e nd i r c t i na ur a w a r t a e nc e f s s i a e m e . G or nt i a e n t e, nd r an s n nha em nt or ophi tc t d ans don was co ce ofmalwie a ba fa ( ons rc whih has a 30- r nvitd i r nd nk r ud c pia y) c yea saut yma mum pe t a mone lundei ( omotona c ame ) tt or xi naly, nd, y a rng pr i nd once l nt. A s i c t d i t c r a ve Gor ndi a e n he ha t bo , don i hel ac ount bl f r a t a l s of s d c a e o ot l os $1656, 0. ( eatc Cha t f s cfcpr pete ) Gor pm i pae i , 81 00 Se ta hed r I or pe ii o ris. don ci td n onl 10oft 91fa entmorgageta a tons howe ,hel shei he dt i y he r udul t r ns c i , ver t os s l os sgnii nti c i fca n ompa io t t numbe ofpr ri ati edt t code e n s rs n o he r ope tes trbut o he f nda t . Go do i c i r d a a r gepa tcpanti t s he ewhih defa r n s onsde e n ve a ri i n he c m c r udedatlas e t f ourvi tm l nde sand i ve a l s fvec i i pa tci nt .A sal n of i r ci e r nvol d t ea t i rm nal r i pa s oa fce , Gor a e hi poston oftus wih t ba ,ast f l e i or ton a don bus d s ii r t t he nks he a s nf ma i nd m i r pr e a i G o d m a w e e m a e i lt t l r s de s on t ...f s e es nt tons r on de r t r a o he ende ' ci i o und t r i i l ans a unde wha c tons The e i no e de e t tt he esdental o nd r t ondii . r s vi nc ha he de e tde i d m o e t $1000, i gr sr ept fom t vi tm l nde s f ndan rve r han , 000 n os ec i s r he c i e r . (#.!72) f, . Att r nui nm e ,Gor n m a t f l wi sae e sunde oa h i r pons t t he ea g nt do de he olo ng t tm nt r t n es e o he c tsque to a a our' si ns nd dmonihm e s s nt ' . THE COU RT: You unde s a t t t y, w hen you a e t l ng a r t nd ha oda r a ki boutwhen you'e de di he e i c t unde oa h,w he he t r ci ng r n our , r t t ro pl ad g ly a whe he t a eet ent rt spl aag e m e t e uit nd t r o gr o e hi e r e n , you don' know f sur w hats ence you'e goi t get t or e ent r ng o ? DEFENDANT GORDON : Yes m urHonor , . THE CO URT: Be o e w e know t , t r has t be a pr e e e fr hat he e o es nt nc i tga i an i e v e ofe h ofyou;t r ha t bea nvesi ton, nt r i w ac he e s o r por pr par d a a a ys co e t e e nd n nal es nduc ed of how t t he s nt i g de i sa yt t f c she eandt you.And e encng ui lne ppl o he a t r o t Iha t m a adec s on on whe hert c e s d be hen ve o ke ii t he as houl s nt e wihi t gui lne ora e enc d t n he de i s bove i o beow i a t r l t nd e ty how m uc tm e y oughtt ge . N o oft tw o k xac l h i ou o t ne ha r ha be n doney t Do y unde sa s e e. ou rt nd? DEFENDANT GORDON: (ndiatng) I ci . THE CO URT : And i t s c s t r s t adde unce l i y oft n hi a e, he e' he d l a nt he gove m en of e i t c i r c r f l yo c m t f rng o ons de a e uly ur oope aton r i a del y s t nci untl y ha a o nd a en e ng i ou ve n pporuniy t t t o c oope a e. Y ou unde s a t t rt r t nd ha ? DEFENDANT GORDON : Yes yourHonor , . THE CO URT: But y don' know f s e i you'e goi t be abl t ou t or ur f r ng o eo pr de s fcint s t ntal as it ovi ufi e ubsa i ssance - or s t nta ubsa i l enough assi ance, i t gove m ent' eyes,t have t st n he nz s o hat r s ti a l r s t nc Y o unde s and t t e ul n owe en e e. u rt ha ? DEFEN D AN T GO RD ON : Yes,yourH onor . THE COURT: Bo t m lne i t t i t s nt nce you e up getng i to i s ha f he e e nd ti s heavi t you expect you can' getoutofyourpl on t er han , t ea hat ba i You unde s a t you a e s uc w ih i? s s. r t nd hat r t k t t 6 DEFENDANT GORDON: t a bl r pons) ' udi e es e . No TH E CO URT : A nd unde t t r s of t s pl a a e m e you a e r ly r he e m hi e gr e nt r ea l suc be a eyo ar g vi upyourrghtt a a fom t t k c us u e i ng i o ppe l r he s nt e or t w a i whi h i' ca c a e on a gr und e enc he y n c ts l ul t d ny o e ptt ti' hi hert n t s a ut a l s So,t tm ea xce ha t s g ha he t t e low ha ns 1w o d ha t s nt nc you,boto lne - on Count 1 f ul ve o e e e tm i or m or t n 30 ye s Count2 f m or t n 20 ye r be or e ha ar , or e ha as f e m u c d have a appe - ori pos a 5ne a ountt was oul n al m e m hat a bovewha t sa u e pe m it d. And we' t d you wha t he t t t r te ve ol t t sat e pe m is D o m u unde s a he t ut r t . r t nd? DEFEN DA N T G O RD ON : Yes,yourH onor . THE C OU RT: And you'e gi ng up, r vi unde t spl a a e e ,t r gh t r hi e gr em nt he i t o fl a lt rcha lnge - a rt a ie a e le he he ppea s a e do a t l r ne nd he j d me ti fn l t fl ac aln ea trta t ete t e u g n s i a, o ie h l g fe h t o i r h e h c ci ort s nt nc onan gr onviton he e e e y ound.Doyouunde sa rt nd t ? hat DEFEN D AN T GO RD ON : Y e , s yourH onor . THE COURT: So, hebo t lnei t t i pr c i lt ms you r ly ha t tom i s ha , n a tca er , eal ve no w a t c l y o halenge w ha e rs nt nc Igi you asl a t ve e e e ve ong s Isa wihi t sa ut y ma mus You undert nd? t y t n he tt or xi . sa DEFEN D AN T GO RD ON : Yes,yourH onor . ( ke EntyNo.51 pp. 22) Doc t r 2, 20- . Att J he une 3,201 s nt nci Kno l aga n a a ed on G o don' behal. N o pa t 4 e e ng, w es i ppe r r s f ry o j ce t t p e e tn erpo t Th g v r me tp e e td isU. S. j5 . moin a d be td o he rs n e c e r. e o en n r sn e t S. G. K11 to n a ked f a 42- ont s nt nc ,a s gnii a r uc i f o t Gui i 1 poi of63 m ont . s or m h e e e i f c nt ed ton r m he delne ow nt hs Afe he rngfom Gor a Knowl ,hecour e e e t f l ngfndi unde j3553() tr ai r don nd est t ntr d he olowi i ngs r a: ( i t r et tM r Gor plye gi nt lvelofhi r ponsbiiy,gi n Glven he ol ha . don a d, ve he e s es i lt ve t a he mountoft faud l s on t o ha butas gi n hi c he r os , he ne nd, lo ve s oope a i hi r ton, s r tt i a t ot rf t sofwhohei,a t 3553()fa wor t tt esiuton, nd he he acor s nd he a rme k,ha he bes numbe 1c n c eup wih,a 1m us,i 24 mont . ldo belevet tt t t r a om t nd t s hs i ha ha ac ommodae t gui lne obe tves a a t s tmet esi o a coun c ts he dei j ci , nd t he ame i ak nt c t a p o raeyte3 5 4)fco s a di i ti Co r' j g nt p r p itl h 5 3 a a t r, n t s h s u ts ud me . M R.KNOW LES:Tha you, urHo x nk Yo no . ( c e Enr No 51 , p 1 - 7 . Do k t ty . 0 p . 6 1 ) Att e of hes nt nc ng hea i t co t dm onihe G o don a he nd t e e i rng, he ur a s d r bout sa la er gh s hi ppe l t i t : ldon' beleve t r i a y a la e r g t ts v vest pl a a e m e . I you t i he e s n ppe l t i ht ha ur i he e gr e nt f bele dif r nty, u m us fl anotc ofi en t a a w ihi 1 da f om t i ve f e e l yo t ie i e nt t o ppe l t n 4 ys r he daet udgme i e erd.l yo wa alwye t rpr s ntyou, ma a kt t hej nt s nt e f u nt a r o e e e you y s he Cour t a t o ppoi tone. Do you unde s a n r t nd? (d.p.20) Godon sae unde oah,i hi c elspr e e,t theundesood.Thec r 1, . r ttd, r t n s ouns ' esnc ha rt ou t e ee fnal udg nton J 5,201 ntrd i j me une 4. On J une 1 201 13 da l e , or f l d a pr se S oton t Re 8, 4, ys at r G don ie o ç i o cons de Se e e. M i r nt nc ' ' l sa e : t ttd M r Lonni K now l sno l rr pr e sm e I at ni l or lla r pr s ntng . e e onge e es nt , N ha e G don 1 m e e e i m ys l pr s e f o e. M o i t r cons de on t gr ton o e i r he oundst tm y l w y r Lor i K now l di ts r e ha a e, m e es dn' e v mewe l Hedi notuphol hi dute t m ea dic s d prort s nt nci aswe l. d d s is o s s us e i o e e ng; dic s d hewasgoi t a k f rhomeconfne e ba e on: s us e ng o s o i m nt s d A s nt nci t i l ho e confne e w oul be i lne w ih t w a M r J e e e ng o nc ude m i m nt d n i t he y . os M i lBa i t wass nt e The f c t 1ha pa d m or i r s iuton t n a gue ts a e enc d. a t hat ve i e n e tt i ha ny ot rpa tc pa a t tm y l sa oun wasl st n t tofM r Ba i t i woul he r i i nt nd ha os m t es ha ha . ts a, t d be f i t tIwas s nt nc s m ia l t M r J e M i a r ha e e ed i l ry o . os guelBa i t ts a. Ho c n i e n wo l ha ealwe met k e myj ba c ni u ma i si me o fn me t ud v lo d o e p o nd o tn e kng ad r tt i paym ent es iuton s. Ator Lonni K now l blnds ght e byr t ney e es i i edm ecom m endi ngz4 m ont because our hs ma dic sonsal ysc tr a ou t be twa t ke pmeoutofji a t ny s us i wa eneed r nd he s y o e al nd o 8 a k f hom e c i m e . Hi s nt nc ng m e or ndum w a m i t n w ih t s or onfne nt s e e i m a s te t he t c m e ton f hom e c i m e ,and he di not s i t t tw he i t e om nda i or onf ne nt d tck o ha n n he courroom . t Furher or hi s nt i m e or ndum w a no m i t n s ii ly f m e a t m e, s e enc ng m a s t t e pec fca l or ; s muc ofi wa c - nd- t fo s e ele' s ntncngm e a h t s uta pase r m om one s s e e i mor ndum , c whih i why t r we e e r r a s he e r r o s boutme an my ba kgr d c ound i uded i i,s h asany ncl n t uc tm e s nti t m iiar i pe n he lt y. W hielr a i as nt nc ofptr l home c i l e lze e e e ley onfneme ma notha be n g an e nt y ve e r t d, he s d have a las ai houl t e t med f rt tasdicus e a t n pr pos a s nt e o ha s s d nd he o ed e enc sm ia t M r Ba it a di c s d. i l r o . ts a, s s us e W ih my dut t r y t vitmsa my c r ntfmiy st ton (wo young t y o epa he ci nd ure a l iuai t c l ena at r ont wa 1a amuc mor pr tvectze i al hidr nd hid he y) m h e oduci ii n f lowedt o s nd m os i nota 1ofm y s nt nc on hom e c i m en . pe tf 1 e e e onf ne t ( ke EntyNo.377) Doc t r . Thegove m e ' r pons poi e outt t m nts es e nt d ha : g as d upon t ar nt of Gor n' co el Lonni Knowl ,a atr bl e he gume s do s uns , e es nd fe r viwi t Se e ng M e o a e e ng he nt nci m r ndum he fld on be l ofGor ie haf don,t cour he t c l oncuded a va ince fom t a ia e g dei r nge oflvel26 g t 78 ra r he pplc bl ui lne a e 63 o monhs was wa a e l g s s i t s e t c tde re vaid t l n'ntd. n ase sngj he entnce he our pa td/ re downwad by 39 monhs ( 14 ye r)fom t mi mt sntnce unde t r t 3 / as r he ni t e e m r he Se e i Gui i ss nt nc ngGor t o y24 mont f e chofc sone nt nc ng delne e e i don o nl hs or a ount a t o. nd w ( c t tyNo 38 , 2 .Th g ven n p itd o tta C to p r o e o 3 8 ()1( , Do ke Enr . 5 p. ) e o r me t o ne u h t tl r u p s s f 5 2c ( )B) r Rul 35 o t Fe a R ul ofCrm i l oc dur onl pennist c r t c r ts nt nce wihi e f he der l e i na Pr e e y t he ou t o or ec e e s t n f ure n da ofs ntnci t tr s t fo û rt ei a , e l ial orot rcea e r s' ndi o te ys e e ng ha e uled r m ' ihm tc l t cm c , a he l r ror'a s ce l i pplc e. (d.p 3- . lary na iabl ' 1 , p. 4) ' The gove n e c l d: r m nt onc ude G or sdi atsf i w ihhi l yeri m ipl don' ss i acton t s aw s s aced.The Sent ng M em or enci andum f l d by couns l w a ext i a di not as t cour t i pos hom e ie e s ensve nd d k he t o m e c i m e . l w a notuntlt C ou ts gna ed durng t s nt nc ng hea i t onfne nt t s i he r i l i he e e i rng hat hom ec i m en w a t l r e ava i e f m t Gui lne t tc onfne t s oo a g ranc or he de i s ha ouns l oo t e t k he 9 a opraesr t cse ofa ki f as tntal ra et tt Cour wasm or ppr i t taegi tp s ng or ubsa i va i nc ha he t e lke y t ac ept W hie no pa a a e t a di a nt d c i nt c i l o c . l t l t bl o s ppoi e le , ouns ls e' r co m e ton durng s nt nc ng w asi Gor e m nda i i e e i n don' be ti er s . A r ed w ih t s s nt e t m t he knowl dget c t noti lne t i pos hom ec e he our was nc i d o m e onfne e i Gor m nt n don' ca e s s, c ouns l i l nc d t c r t i pos a s t nta l l e s nt nce t e ntue e he ou t o m e ubs a i ly ow r e e han rc me e om nded by t g r e . he ove nm nt (d.p 5-) Thecour de e Gor smoton.( ke Enr No.389) 1 , p. 6 . t nid don' i Doc t ty . A f da l tr Knowl tld a moton t wihdr w a Go don' c ew ys ae , es ie i o t a s r s ouns l sai t the e , t tng ha w a t bl t e f c i y c m uni t w ih Def nda s as t be a e t a qua el r pr e sk una e o f e tvel om ca e t e nt o o bl o de t y e es nt D e e nf' t t' ef ntha r e e M o n f om a f t e r s f nda ; ha s enda D s el as d va t r ny u ur e pons biiy i t sca e ' t t i lt n hi us '; ha i f nda ha fld hi tp o s 'M oto t Re i e nt d ie s dr e' i n o consde Sen e ng'; t tano he at ne had De i r t nci 'and ha t r tor y e e e a a a a eo Gor sbe l a tl t f nda ,Naha e Gor nt r d n ppe r nc n don' haf nd ied ' e nt t nil don, I' M otont De IIs i o ExtndVol aySure rDae. ( ke EntyNo. ) Thec tg a edCo elsM oton e untr r nde t ' Doc t r ' 381 . our r nt uns ' i t W ihdrw onJ y 1 201 ( ke EntyNo.388) o t a ul , 4. Doc t r . Gor ha be n i c t snc Se e r201 I J 2015,hefl t sj 2255 don s e n usody i e ptmbe 4. n une ied hi moton,a lgi i feci a ssa e i t pla,s ntncng,and f iur t a i le ng ne f tve s it nc n he e e e i al e o ppea . l I. l The A legatons and G o r ng La l i ve ni w A. G or don' I f e tve As i t e C l m s s ne f c i s s anc ai Gor onalge t f l nggr d le s he olowi oundsi hi j2255moton: n s i d r und One: I f e tve a s s a ofcouns l Def ns couns lf ie t f l an i o G ne f c i s it nce e. e e e a l d o ie a alwhe lr quese t s ve alis a ppe n e t d hat e r s ues boutm yca eber e s evi wed.' ' ' o Tw o:l f tvea ssa e ofcouns . Def ec s und Gr nefeci s it nc el ens ouns lf ie t diput e al d o s e a c lenge t k c ua l s'a ountofr s iu i t ti c rbut d t m e. nd ha l he s t l os ' m a e tt t on ha s ont i e o ' ' t ound Thr e: V i a i ofc tt tona Ri s Co c i obt i d by pl o û Gr e ol ton ons iu i l ght . nvi ton a ne ea f g ly whi h wasunl uly i uit c awf l nduce o notm a vol a iy orw ih tnde s a ng d r de unt r l t l r t ndi oft na ur oft c r a t c e nc s oft pl a. he t e he ha ge nd he ons que e he e ' ' 10 S r ' ound Four l f c i as i t e of co el D e e e couns l f l d t e a n t G : nef e tve ss anc uns . f ns e aie o xpl i he appealpr ocesst m e.' o ' ( ke Enty No.500,pp.4-) Thec tor e Knowl t fl a afda ta esi t Doc t r 8. our derd es o ie n fi vi ddr sng he a lge f iur st t ai t a le d al e o d expl n he ppea pr s t t de e nt'a t tfl an a alwhe t l oce s o he f nda ' nd o 'ie ppe n he dee ntrquesedt ts vealis sabouthi ca eber viwed. ( ke EntyNo.51 p. fnda e t ha e r s ue s s e e ' Doc t r ' 4, 2; Doc EntyNo.51 pp.12) Knowlstldt rquesedafdavi.( ket r 5, - . e ie he e t fi t Docke EntyNo.51 . t r 8) B. TheA pplc eLe St i abl gal andards 28U. C.j2255pr de i rl ntpa tha: S. ovi s n eeva r t t ( prs ri cusodyunde s e eofac te tbls b Ac a1 ione n t r entnc our sa ihed y t ofCongr s cl m i t r g t be r l a e upon t gr e s ai ng he i ht o e e s d he ound t t hat he s nt nce wasi pos d i vi a i oft Cons iuton orl w soft e e m e n ol ton he tt i a he Unie Stt ,ort tt c twaswihou j idito t i e td aes ha he our t t urs cin o mpos s h s nt nce o t tt s nt e wa i e e soft ma m um uc e e , r ha he e enc s n xc s he xi a horze bylw,ori ohe wie s jctt c ltr atc ma ut i d a s t r s ube o olaeal ta k, y m o t cour whi h i pos d t s nt nc t va a e s tas de or ve he t c m e he e e e o c t , e i cor t s ence. rect he ent S ton 2255pr dest prma y mea ofc l t r la t k on a f r s nt nc Re ifunde û i sec ovi he i r ns ola e a tac ede al e e e. le r t ss ton i wa r nt d f a e r t toc ur ed a orprort s nt i ' Cox v W ar n Fe hi ec i s r a e or ny r or ha c r t i o e enc ng. ' . de , d DetntonCt.911F. 1111 111 ( t Ci.1 (ntr lquottonsa cttonso te .A e i r, 2d , 3 5h r 990) i e na ai nd iai mitd) j2255 motondoesnotrquiea e de ir he rngi t motonandt rc d c l i l i e r n vi ntay a i f he i he e or oncusvey s t tt prs ne i no e ildt r i .Unie atsv Barhol w,974F. 3 41( h how ha he io r s t ntte o elef tdst e . t ome 2d 9, 5t Ci.1 . r 992) Toobti c ltr lrle unde 28U. C.j2255,adee ntk tce rasg fc l an olae a eif r S. fnda s mus la iniianty hi herhur e't n t s a r t tw o d exi ton die ta al Unie st e v. tJ 45 U . g dl ' ha he t nda d ha ul s r c ppe . t d at s Fr z y, 6 S. 1 2,1 ( 98 .d l ngac ci a e usi o wave oft rghtt die ta l 5 66 1 2) t owi Fol onviton nd xha ton r i r he i o r c ppea, (ou t)prs adef ntsa fil a fnal c ce ' UniedSt e v Cer e ,1 c rs e ume enda tnds ary nd i ly onvitd. t ats . vants 32 ' F. 11 11 (t Ci.1 .tAsar s t rviw ofc di unde ( 2255or naiyi 3d 06, 09 5h r 998) t e ul, e e onvi ons r j1 di rl s l tdt q e to sofc n t uina o j rs ito a ma nt e whc ma no b r ie frt e i e o u si n mi o si to l r u idcin l g i , ih y t e asd o h t ud trt i o c laea r ve wih u as o n o c u ea dp eu ie' d;s eas M a s r v is tme n o ltr le iw to t h wig f a s n rj dc . . e lo sa o . '1 Unie St e ,538U. 500, ( ) Fr y, U. a 1 UniedSt e v Lo z 248F. td ats S. 504 2003 ; ad 456 S. t 66; t ats . pe , 3d 427,433( h Ci.2001;Unie atsv Kale t 236F. 225,227 (t Ci.2000) 5t r ) tdst e . lsaJ 3d 5h r . G o do i r pr s ntng hi s l . Uncou el d pl di ar r e e unde a l s s rnge r n s e ee i m ef ns e ea ngs e evi w d r e s t i nt sa t ndar t n t e dr t d b a t neysa a e e il d t a lbe alcons r ton t t i ude a l d ha hos afe y tor nd r ntte o i r t uc i ha ncl s 1 ra ona ei e e est t nbedrwnfom t e s bl nfr nc ha ca a r hem.SeeErck onv Par s 551U. 89, 4( ) i s . du , S. 9 2007 ; Hai sv Ke r 404 U. 51 ( 972) t s metme,howe ,unrpr e e ltga sae ne . rne, S. 9 1 .At he a i ver e esntd ii nt r r quiedt pr des fcintf t t s por t i ca ms Unie at v Pi da,988F. 22,23 e r o ovi ufi e acs o up t he r li . t dst es . ne 2d ( h Ci.1 ) Eve unde t r eoflbealc t ton,Smee c us yalegai o a 5t r 993 . n r he ul i r onsmci t r oncl or l tons n ciialis aei ufi e t rieac tttona is ' l (ii Unie atsv Woods 870 rtc sue r ns fcint o as onsiui lsue.' d ctng tdst e . , F.d 285,288n. ( h Ci.1 ) s ealoRo sv Esele 694 F. 1 1 1( h Ci.1 2 3 5t r 989); e s s . t l, 2d 008, 01 5t r 983) (d e e de ei t rcod, c tca consde aha aspeii rsb da e tonso a C nt vi nc n he e r a our nnot i r be ttone ' al ssri n Abs ciialis i hi pr s peii ...obeofpr tvee de ir va1 '. rtc sue n s o e tton t obai vi ntay ue.' ) 11 1. A nal s ysi A. TheAle d Faiur t Appeal( undsOneandFour lge l eo Gro ) Couns lsf iur t fl ar seda ali i feci a ssa ewihou a s e ' a l e o ie eque t ppe s ne f tve s it nc t t howi t t ng ha t a a woul ha m e i. Roev. or s or e 528 U. 470, 0- Unie St e v Ta he ppe l d ve rt Fl e - tga, S. 48 86; t d at s . pp, 491F. 263(t Ci. 3d 5h r 2007) Couns lmus c ulwiht defnda a appe lwhent r i . e t ons t t he e nt bout a hee s r as t t nk t ta r tonalde e ntw oul w a t a a ,or t t s def ntr as bl e on o hi ha a i f nda d nt o ppe l hat hi enda e ona y de ons r e hi i er s i a alng. Roe 5 U . at480. 1 ,as he e,t def nda pl a m tat d s nt e t n ppe i , 28 S. f r he e nt e ded 12 g ly,t tma i c t t dee ntsi eett e j ca pr e di a sveeylmi a uit ha y ndiae he fnda ' ntrs o nd udiil oc e ngs nd e r l i t ny appeal e i abl ssues. I t r cor s f he e d uppor s t cl i t G or t d K now l t a a ,G or w oul be t he a m hat don ol es o ppe l don d e il t do s ou - -i e des t hi wave ofa lae a c lt r lc le e rght o a ntted o o toftm pie s i r ppe lt nd ola e a - halng i s r n i biiyt i ntf m e iorousg oundst tm i s vvet wave .Se Ta 491F.d a 266. na lt o de iy rt i r ha ght ur i he i r e pp, 3 t Gor sj2255motonalege t ( e eco elaie t fl ana a whe ghedee nt don' i l s hati ns uns f ld o ie ppe l n t fnda l Def r q se t ts ve a is a e ue td ha e r l s ues bout sc eber vi we 'a d f ec hi as e e d,' nd d ens ouns lf ie t e ant De e a ld o xpl i he a p a p o e st g ed fnd nl' ( c e Enr No. 0 p 4, ) Kn wlssa fd vtsae : p e l r c s o t ee a t. Do k t ty 5 0, p. 8 . o e ' fl a i tts h ' I e ae y f l wi t J 3,201 s ntnci Iwasf ie 'a r ue t d b mm di tl olo ng he une 4 e c ng d r d' nd eq se y f M r Gor n tndhi fmiy)t c s a dess a f t ref t onhi be l.I . do a s a l o ea e nd it ny urhe fors s haf had no f t rdiec c a tw ih M r Gor n, di notad s hi pos - ent nc ng urhe r t ont c t . do I d vi e m ts e i ofa r g st a ny i ht o ppea . l W ihi s ve a da a t rJ 3,201 Iwasc a t d b t a t yst tha t n e r l ys fe une 4 ont c e y wo tonw ha d a r ntycons t wihM r Gor r ga di a a pe ofhi s t nc Ator y ppa e l uled t . don e r ng n p al s en e e. t ne Lei aQui tci nonesandRa Sc eferbohs wihmec eni M rGor n' ndy ha f t poke t onc r ng . do s cic s a es l a no s e w ha ,i a hi t y m a ha s r w ih hi r um t nc . m t ur t f nyt ng, he y ve ha ed t m c e ni a a alrght . onc r ng ny ppe i s On J une 1 201 lfl d a M oton t W ihdr w . A n Or rgr ntng m y M oton t 4, 4, ie i o t a de a i i o W ihdr w w asgr nt d on J y 1 201 t a a e ul , 4. ( ke EntyNo. p.1 . Doc t r 518, ) K now l s s a fda ti c i t tw ih Gor e ' f i vi s ons sen t don' m oton t r c i rhi s nt nc t the s i o e ons de s e e e ha fldonJ 1 201 t da befr t de dlnet a l ( ke EntyNo. ) Gor ie une 7, 5,wo ys oe he a i o ppea. Doc t r 377 . don s a e K now l no l tt d es onge r pr e e hi . Gor r e es nt d m don a l d t t K nowl s ha dir r d lege ha e d s ega de i tuci nsa utt s e i he i buts i not ng a ta a nsr to bo he entncng arng ad hi bou n ppea . Go don' m o i was l r s ton f us onbei rs ntnc t homec i nt (d.. oc ed ng e e e ed o onfneme . 1 ) Ther c d s sno ba i t i ert ar tonal f e or how s s o nf hat a i de enda i Gor nt n don' poston woul have s ii d 13 wan e t a al o t tGor r as bl s t d o ppe , r ha don e ona y howed K now l t the w a e t do s Se Fl e es ha nt d o o. e or s Or e 5 U . a 48 The r co d f is t de ons r t by a pr ponder nce oft e de e t t t ga, 28 S. t 0. e r a l o m tae e a he vi nc ha Gor a ked Know l t fl a a a a t rs nt nc ng. To t c r r s ty afe t J 3, don s es o ie n ppe l f e e e i he ont a y, hor l t r he une 201 s nt i Go donandhi f m iyt dKnowlst theno l rr pr s nt d Gor a t 4 e encng, r s a l ol e ha onge e e e e don nd o e f t re f rson hi be l. nd urhe f o t s ha f Gor s c us y a lga i t the k e t d t ts ve alis s a don' oncl or le ton ha ' quese ha e r s ue bouthi c s be r s ae r e e ' si ufi e i hef c of hes gnii a downw a d va i nceheobt i d fom t cour, evi w d'i ns tci nt nt a e t i fc nt r ra a ne r he t bel t va i nc t g r ntr omm e d'a Gor sowntlngs i l nghi moton ow he ra e he ove nme ec nde , nd don' i i ,ncudi s i t r consde ,whi h co r r t Knowl s s a fda t The r or f is t s o e i r c robo aes e ' fi vi. ec d a l o how a r as bl e ona e pr biiy t t butf c oba lt ha , or ouns l saleg f iur ,G or n woul ha t m e y appe e e ' l ed a l e do d ve i l al d. The e i no bas st eihe hol a he r ng orgr ntr i on G o don' f r ta f r h c ai s r s i o t r d ai a elef r s i s nd ou t l m . B. The W ai and A leged Inef ecti A ssi ance at t R earrai ent and ver l f ve st he gnm Se e i ( oundsTwoand Thr ) ntncng Gr ee A de e ntm a w a vehi rght oappe l t r vi w andt pos c f nda y i si t la e e e o t onvi ton r i i t w ai r c i elef f he ve wa k nga vol ay.SeeUnie atsv O ie 307F. 336,341( h Ci.2002)(ii s nowi nd untr tdst e . t, 3d 5t r ctng Uniedst e v.Wik s 20F. 651 653( hCi.1 ; e alo Uniedst e v He nande ,234 t ats le , 3d , 5t r 994) s e s t ats . r z F. 25 254( hCi.2000).Thedeenda mus kn t theha arghtt sekappelt a 3d 2, 5t r ) f nt t ow ha d i oe lae nd c lt r l e e a t thewasgi ngupt t i ht SeeUniedst e v. tlo 1 F. 290, ola e a r viw nd ha vi ha rg . t ats Por il , 8 3d 292 ( hCi.1 4)( susi wave ofa laerghs.A cam ofi fe tveasitnceofc nsl 5t r 99 dic sng i r ppelt i t) li nef ci ssa ou e ma s vve awave é n t cli d as it nc die ty a f t t va i t oft wave or y ur i i rk whe he a me ssa e r c l feced he ldiy hat i r t pla is f' Whie 307 F. a 343. As l a t pla a t wave t m s l we e he e tel. ' t, 3d t ong s he e nd he i r he eves r knowi an vol aya t c e td is i t pr s j c ofawai r kheg ly pla ng d untr nd he ontse sue s he oper ub e t ve ,l uit e t 14 s t i t c c i a s t nce a t w ai rc n be e or d.' ï t ,307 F. a 343-44. us a ns he onvi ton nd en e nd he ve a nf ce ' khie 3d t l f e tve- s it nce- - ouns lcl i s c n pr de a bas s t i i t a w a ve . The ne f c i a s s a of c e a m a ovi i o nvalda e i r sandad f j ng t pe fr nceofcou elr quiest peii rt pr vebot dei int t r or udgi he roma ns e r he ttone o o h tce p ro a c a r s ligp eu ie S rc ln . s igtn 4 6U. 6 8 6 7( 9 4) De in ef nn n e nd e u t rj dc . tika dv Wa hn o , 6 S. 6 , 9 1 8 . sce t n p ro a c i e tbih d b lh ig ta c u s lsrp e e tt n f l b l w a o j cie ef nn n e s sa ls e y i owg j h t o n e ' e r s nai el eo n be tv s n o sa d r o r a o a ln s . I a 6 8 Top o ep eu ie Sth d f n a t s s o t a tee tn a d f e s n b e e s' d t 8 . r v rj dc ,s l e ee d n mu t h w h th r ' l i ar as na e pr biiy t t butf rc s e o bl oba lt ha , o ouns l sunpr e s onale r s t r ul oft p oc edi e' of s i r or , he es t he r e ng wo dha be ndifrnt' I a 694;e aloUnie atsv Ki e,1 F. 889,893(t Ci. ul ve e fee .' d t s e s tdst e . mlr 67 3d 5h r 1 .d r s 999) < eaonabl pr A e obabiiy i a pr biiy s fce t unde ne c i nc i t lt s oba lt ufiint o nni onfde e n he outom e. St ikan4 466 U. a 694. c ' rc l ' S. t Fede alha s r vi w of c r bea e e ouns ls pero ma i us be hi y de e e i l'a t e' f r nce û t m ghl f r nta' nd he r vi w i cour m us C ndul a s r pr s pton t tsr t c ort c i lde i i m ad a tr e e ng t tl i ge t ong e um i ha t a egi a tca c s ons e fe a a e u t ivetg t n fl wi n t wie r n e o o jciey r a o a l p o e so a n d q ae n siai al t he d a g f b e t l e s n b e r f sin l o hi v asitnce' M oo ev Johns ,1 F. 586,591(t Ci.1 ( tngSt c l 466U. a ssa . ' r . on 94 3d 5h r 999) cii rikanJ S. t 68 . The fdea ha s c tmus ma e r efor t ei nat t dit tng efct of 9) e rl bea our t ke vey f t o lmi e he sori fe s hi i ht t r c tuc t cic sa e ofcouns ' c le ed c nds g , o e onsr t he r um tnc s els ha lng onduc ,a t e l e t t nd o vauat he co tfom c els pe s c i a t r e ttm e. Sti kan4 466 U . a 68 Ne v nduc r ouns ' r pe tve t he elvan i rc l S. t 9; al . Pu et 286F. 230,236 (t Ci. 2) t c t ti geadtongprs i t t ck t, 3d -37 5h r 200 .d our mus ndul sr A e umpton'ha c ouns l sc e ' onduc f l w ihi t w i r nge ofr s na e pr es i las i t nc bec us i i a 1 t als t n he de a ea o bl of sona s s a e a e t s 1 t e y t c ude t tapa tcul ra torom i s on ofcouns w a unr s bl i t ha s lg oo as o oncl ha ri a c si el s ea ona e n he r h i ht ofhi i t' Belv.Cone 535U. 685,701( ndsgh.' l , S. 2002)(ii Sti l 466U. a 689) Fe rl ctng rckand, S. t . dea h b a c u t p e u t a tilsrtg i o j ciey ra o a e u ls i i ce ry p o e a e s o rs r s me h t ra tae y s b e tv l e s n bl ne s t s lal r v n 15 ot r s St ik anJ 466 U. a 68 he wie. rc l S. t 9. Th s c n Stika dv o glo st p eudc c u e b c u e ' deiin p ro n e e e o d rc ln ç n o k o rj ie a s d y o ns ls fce t e fnna c . Thi r r s ça r as bl pr biiy t t abs t e w r ,t f cti r w oul ha ha a s equie $ e ona e oba lt ha , ent he l s he a t nde d ve d ra ona edoubtrs ci guit' Unie St e v M ulis 315F. 449,456 ( h Ci.2002) e s bl epe tng l.' td ats . ln , 3d 5t r ( tngSti l 466 U. a 687 ;Har igt v Ri e ,1 S.Ct 770,7 ( ) ç-hi quoi rckan4 S. t ) rn on . chtr 31 . 91 2001 . s- s l bur n ge r l i m e by s wi t tt out ome oft pr edi woul havebee dif r nt de ne aly s t ho ng ha he c he oce ng d n fe e butf c or ouns ls e r s' 1 A def nda mus s if bo h Stikl pr e ' ror .' d. e nt t atsy t rc and ongst s c d on an o uc ee i fe i - s it nce c am . Se St ikan 466 U . a 697. I i i pos i e t dipos ofan ne f ctve a ssa li e rc l 4 S. t f t s sbl o s e i fec i - s it ce ofc ne f tve a ssr - - ouns lcli wihou a e sng bo h pr ngs é ha c s s d be e am t t ddr s i t o , s t our e houl t f l e '1 olow d. d. ' TheSti l sa da i t cha lngest guit plasba e on i feci a ssa e rckand t ndar pples o le o ly e s d ne f tve s it nc ofc e.Hilv.Loc har,47 U. 5 58(985 .Theprj c pr r quiest defnda ouns l l k t 4 S. 2, 1 ) eudie ong e r he e nt t s o how t ha t r i a r as bl pr biiy t t but f r c c t he e s e ona e oba lt ha , t o ouns l s e r s he w oul notha e ' r or , d ve pl ade guit a w oul ha i i t on goi t ti l' Unied St es v G ln e 209 F. 386, e d ly nd d ve ns sed ng o r a .' t at . i s y, 3d 392( hCi.2000 ( tngfoc t474U. at59) 5t r ) quoi khar, S. . C. TheAle d Faiur t ChalengeRett i ( ound Two lge l eo l siuton Gr ) Th r c r u d r n s r o salg to ha Kn wlsfie t o j c t t ' cu los' e e o d n emie Go d n' le aint t o e ald o be to he k ta l s' a a ounta t s nt i hea i Gor s a l ga i a e conc us y. m t he e enc ng rng. don' le tons r l or Th r c r s o t a Kn wlsd d o j c t t er lv n c nd ts to ti te PSR, e e o d h ws h t o e i b e t o h ee a t o uc e u n h i udi t $l656, 1 f a l sa ti t d t Gor a i l ncl ng he , 8 0 r ud os trbu e o don nd ncuded i t r tt i a o . n he esiuton m unt Kn wlso j ce t a Go d n s o l n tb h l a c u tbef rteKam S re p o e t s( 4 o e be td h t r o h u d o e ed c o n a l o h i te t r p ri # 9 e a /50 , ndt ArowwoodTripr ry, ndt tt t a l ss dbe$959, ar uci nd / ) a he r al ope t a ha he otl os houl 725, ed ton 16 o $ 9 ,8 .Th rc r s o t t o e d do jc t t ea t ll s a d rsiuin a u t f 6 70 5 e e o d h ws ha Kn wls i be t o h cua-o s n ett to mo n . Th rc r s o n b sst i fret e d fce tp ro ma c o p eu ieo t sb ss Th e e o d h ws o a i o n e ih r eiin ef r n e r rj d c n hi a i. e moto t dimisi grntdwihprj cea wihoutla t ame be us a ndme woul in o s s s a e t eudi nd t e ve o nd ca e me nt d be f ie. utl D. TheAle dl l unt y Pl ( oundThr ) lge y nvol ar ea Gr ee l Gor n don' pl a a ee e ,he ag ee t w a ve hi rght t di e ty a alhi s nt nc s e gr m nt r d o i s i s o r c l ppe s e e e u d r1 U. C. 3 4 ( a wel sh srg toc laeal atc t ej dg n o c n itona d n e 8 S. j 7 2 $, s l a i ih t o ltrly ta k h u me t f o v ci n sn e c u d r U. C. 2 5 .( c e Enr . 2 , 1 ) Anif r da v ln aywav r e tn e n e 28 S. j 2 5 Do k t tyNo 1 3 ! 0 . n o me nd ou tr ie i enf c a e.Unie St e v Wike ,20F.d651 653(t Ci.1 . s or e bl td ats . l s 3 , 5h r 994) TheRul 11c( )B)wrte plasae t tGor woul pladguit t Count Onea e ()1( itn e ttd ha don d e ly o s nd Twooft s r e ngi c me a t gove nme wo da eenott oppos Go don' r que t he upe s di ndit nt nd he r nt ul gr o e r se s f rat -e e d wn r a j sme tf ra c pa c o rs o iii ,a d,fh q lfe f ra o wo lv l o wad du t n o c e tn e f ep nsblt n i e uaiid, o n y a dto a o elve a j sme t a e o tmeypla ig.Th g v nu n as a r e t c n ie d i n l n -e l d u t n b s d n i l e dn i e o e ne t lo ge d o o sd r aj5 . moto a s ntncngde ndi ont a ssa eGor pr de Thegovemme di Kll in t e e i pe ng he sitnc don ovi d. l nt d ea hoft ese .( ke EntyNo.1 ! 1 . c hes tps Doc t r 23, 3) The w a ve pr s on i t pl a a ee ents a e i r ovi i n he e gr m t t d: 1 Defnda i a et tTil 1 U. C.j3742af dsadee ntt rghtt 0. e nt s war ha te 8, S. for fnda he i o a ppea t s e i l he entnce mpos Thedef nda a e t wavet rg t a a t ed. e nt gr es o i he i ht o ppe l he s nt nc i pos d ort m a r i whi h i w a de er i d. The de e ntm a e e em e he nne n c t s t m ne f nda y a ppea onl a s n e e i pos d a l y e t nc m e bove t s a ut y. A ddi i l t de enda he t t or tonaly, he f nt i a et Til 28, S. j2255,af dst ri t cont s orçc l e l s war hat te U. C. for he ght o et solatraly at ack' a convi i or sent t ' ct on ence af er t convi on or sent t he cti ence has becom e f nal The defendantw ai t ri t cont hi convi i or sentence by i . ves he ght o est s ct on m eans of any post convi i proceedi cton ng. (d.!10(mpha i a I, e ss ddedl.Theplaagee ) e r mentc i ed: ontnu 17 1 The de e ntunde s a a a e t te h and al w a ve sc a ne i t 2. f nda r t nds nd gr es ha ac l i r ont i d n he Agr eme a em a i e ha f t c e nt r de n xc nge or he once sonsm a by t Unie St t i si de he t d aes n t spl a e m e . l t de e nti t c s hi a t r t fl a notc ofa a hi ea gr e nt f he f nda ns nlt s to ney o ie i e ppe l a t tmes nt nc i i pos d O ata tm et e fe ,t Unie Stt wils e t he i e e e s m e r ny i her a tr he td a es l e k s ii pe f m a e oft s pr s ons pec f c r or nc he e ovi i . (d.! 1 .Godon sg t f l ngpaa a i t plaagre nt 1 , 2) r ined he olowi rgrph n he e e me : PLEA AG REEM EN T -AD D EN DU M 1ha cons t wih my at ne and f l unde sa a1 m yrght wihr pe tt ve uled t tor y uly r tnd 1 i s t es c o t i c m e pe ng a i t e.M y a t ne ha f l e a ne and lunde s a he ndi t nt ndi ga ns m tor y s uly xpl i d r t nd al my rght wih r s c t t pr sons of t Unie St t s Se e i l i s t e pe t o he ovii he td a e nt ncng Co m i s o s G ui i M a l whi h m a a y i m y cas . l have r a a m s i n' delnes nua c y ppl n e e d nd c r f l r vi w e e r pr toft spl a e m e w ih m y a t ne Iunde sa a e uly e e d ve y a hi ea gr e nt t tor y. r t nd t sa e m e a 1vol a iy ag e t i st r s hi gr e nt nd unt r l r e o t e m . (#.p.1 ) f , 9. At heJ nua y 1 201 r a r gnme ,hec r hadGor pl c unde oa h, e m i d t a r 0, 2 e rai nt t ou t don a ed r t detr ne t the wasf l c ha uly ompe e t e e aknowi vol a y,a i or ed pl a expl ne t t nt o nt r ng, unt r nd nf m ea, nd ai d he rght hewoul begi ng up by pla ng guit Gor a i s d vi e di ly. don cknowl edged t heundert t e hat sood hes rght ( ke EntyNo.51 pp. 1 .Thec te anedt elme soft c r a t i s. Doc t r 2, 6- 5) our xpli he e nt he hages nd he hi tpoe ils enc ,fne, ndr tt i oblg tons Go donsaedt theundesood.(d. ghes tnta ent e i a esiuton iai . r tt ha rt 1, pp.1 l .Hesae t thea hi lwye ha c eulyrvi dt pl agee nta ha gone 5- 9) ttd ha nd s a r d arf l e ewe he ea r me nd d ove i k gebypa a lnebylnea e nwo dbywor ' 1 , 1 .Heha noa tona r td pa ge nd i i nd ve r d. d.p. 9) '( d ddii l quetonst a k hi lwyer (J.. The c tr e d t pla-greme pr sonsi whih si o s s a . . ) J our eviwe he e a e nt ovii n c Gor g veup hi rgh t a a orcola e aly c le a s nt nc wihi t sa u or r ng don a s i t o ppe l lt r l hal nge ny e e e t n he t t t y a e. Gor a i s i t theundesood.(d.pp. 122) Gor as sae t theundesoodihe don gan ad ha rt I , 2 - . don lo ttd ha rt s t bot lne, t tti prctc ltr ,g jraly g nowa t c le t sntnceasl as tom i ' ha sn a ia ems he e l hadl ' y o halnge he e e ong iwa wihi t saut yma mum. (d.p. .Gor a t s t n he tt or xi ' 1 , 22) ' don cknowldg t teveyt ngi t e ed ha r hi n he 18 f c ual i a a t bas s bouthi w a t ue a c r ct H e had no c ng orc r tonshe w a e t m a m s r nd or e . ha es or ec i nt d o ke. (d.pp. - ) Hea knowl edt hewasma nghi plafe ya volntrl a t tno 1 , 2728 . c edg hat ki s e rel nd u aiy nd ha onehadma hi pr s t ge hi t pla guit (d.. de m omies o t m o e d ly.1 4 The cour f t ound t G or wasm e a l c pe e a ca bl ofent r ng a i or e hat don nt ly om t nt nd pa e e i n nf m d pl a; ha t pl ass e t t he eaw uppor e b i pe ntf c sand e t bls d al t el m e soft of e e; t d y nde nde a t s a i he l he e nt he f ns t t pla wa vol arl fe y,a knowi y ma an t tGor unde sood t na ur hat he e s unt iy, r el nd ngl de; d ha don rt he t e oft pr e ngsandt cons que sofhi g lypl (#.p. ) Thecour a ce edt pla he oce di he e nce s uit ea. f , 31 . t c pt he e a f nd oundhi guit a c r i Count Onea Two i t s s ngi cment (#.. m ly s haged n s nd n he uperedi ndit . f ) G o don' s o n s a em e si o n c t ee il d t a sr pr s pton oft u hf nes . r s w r t t nt n pe our ar ntte o t ong e um i r t ul s Unie St e p fampazane 251F. 51 5 (t Ci. )(ii Bl kldgev Alion,431 td ats . i , 3d 9, 24, 5h r 2001 ctng ac e . ls U. 63,7 ( 977).TheFit Cic tgi k e tweghtt t defndan ' sae nt a t pl S. 4 1 ) fh rui ves û a i o he e ts ttme s t he ea gr c lqu ' Unie atsv.Cot an,30 F. 279, 8 ( t Ci. olo y. ' tdst e hr 2 3d 283-4 5h r 2002) Go don' c l or . r s oncus y a l ga i pr c ude t r i he s eksa t sr or s st ta a e le tons e l he elef e nd hi ec d how ha ny m ndm e w oul be f ie nt d utl . Thegovenme i e ildt e or t plaa e me .Themotont dimist j2255 r nts ntte o nf ce he e gre nt i o s s he m oton a t e or t pl a ag e m e i gr nt d. i nd o nf ce he e r e nt s a e IV. C oncl i us on Be a eGor sa lga i a ec l or a t r i ne t af cua norl ga ba i f c us don' le tons r oncus y nd he e s iher a t l e l ss or hi i feci - s sa a lga i ,t cli sf i a a m a trofl w a a e dimi s d. The s ne f tve as it nce le tons he a m a l s te a nd r s s e ds sa i wihp eu ieb c u eter c r s wst t me d n wo db f tl . imis l s t rj dc e a s h e o d ho ha a n me t ul e uie A ce tf c t of a r ii a e ppea abiiy i r r d be or Gor l lt s equie f e don m a a y ppea . Se H alm a k v. l e l r Johns ,11 F. 1 1 ( hCi. ( 225 andj2255r quieac riiaeofap aabiiy) on 8 3d 073, 076 5t r) j 4 e r e tfc t pe l lt , c r.d ne s b no Mo r e v J h s n 5 2 U. 1 0 ( 9 7 . il i i a j rs ito a e t e id u m. n o . o n o , 2 S. 0 3 1 9 ) l- j s u idcin l -h 1 9 prr st be us t COA saut ma tst t$ul e sa crui j tceorj eequiie ca e he tt e ndae ha g nls ic t usi udgeis a sues c rii a e ofa e tf c t ppea abiiy,a a l lt n ppea m a notbe t ke t t c t a al ....' M il r v l y a n o he our of ppe s '' le -El . Coc el,537U. 322,336 ( kr l S. 2003)(ii 28U. C.j225 c (). ctng S. 3() 1) A c riiaeof ppe a lt wil is unl st de e ntmake $ s t ntal howi e tfc t a albiiy lnot s ue es he f nda s ç ubsa i s a ng o t de a ofa consiuto lrght'28U. C.j225 c)2) Thi rquie t dee ntt f he nil tt ina i ' S. 3( ( . s e r s he fnda o d mo taeSh t e s n b e u it wo l tn t dsrc c u tsa s s me t t ec n t ui n l e nsrt s a r a o a l j rss u d i d he itit o r' se s n of h o si to a t t cli de tbl orwr ' Te d v.Dr t ,542 U. 27 28 ( 4)(uoi Sl k v ams baa e ong. nnar ' eke S. 4, 2 200 q tng ac . Mc e,529 U. 473,48 ( Danil S. 4 2000). Thedeenda mus s tha ra ona ej rssc d ) f nt t how û t e s bl u it oul t de t whehe ( , o t tmatr a e t t t r 2255M oton)s dha be nr ol di a bae t r or f r ha te, gre ha) he j i houl ve e es ve n dif r tm a rort tt i s pr e e w e e ç de t t de er enc age en t pr e f e en nne ha he s ues es nt d r a qua e o s ve our m t o oce d f t r''Nlle -El 537 U. a 336. urhe .' il r , S. t A dititc tma de ace tfc t ofappe a lt on isown, t src our y ny rii a e albiiy t wihoutr quii f rhe e rng u t r brei o agumen .Se Alxanderv Johns ,211F. 895, (t Ci. ) Afe caeuly ifng r r t e e . on 3d 898 5h r2000 . tr rf l co i rngt rc d,hecourconcudest turssofr a onwoul concudewihou de et t nsdei he e or t t l haj it e s d l t t bat ha ii e a lt l Gor ha notsae avai cai f r i unde j2255.A certfcat ofappealbiiy wilnot don s ttd ld l m or elef r isue. s Gor i note ild t r i unde 28 U. C.j2255. Hi pe ng j 2255 moton i don s ntte o elef r S. s ndi i s de e ( nid,Docke Enr t tyNo. i 11c- 65, ndt go nunentsmotont dimis( ke Enty 500 n -r1 )a he ve ' i o s s Doc t r No.521i 11c- 650)i g a td.No c riiat ofa l lt wilis Theci la in i n -r1 s r ne e tfc e ppeaabiiy l sue. vi cto s di n i s d. s as e SI ED on A ugus 8,2016,a H ous on,Texa GN t t t s. #. Lee H . os hal R ent U nie St t D it i J t d a es srct udge 20
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