Li v. Chinatown Take-Out Inc. et al, No. 7:2016cv07787 - Document 116 (S.D.N.Y. 2020)

Court Description: OPINION AND ORDER. For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiffs' motion for attorneys' fees is granted in part and denied in part. The Court awards Plaintiffs $1,821.15 in attorneys' fees. The Clerk is respectfully requested to terminate the pending motion (Docket No. 108). So ordered. re: 108 MOTION for Attorney Fees for appeal filed by Guiming Shao, Shanfa Li. (Signed by Magistrate Judge Judith C. McCarthy on 12/23/2020) (rjm)

Download PDF
Li v. Chinatown Take-Out Inc. et al Doc. 116 Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 1 of 12 +% * )* * ) )*( * &+(* )&+* (% )*( * & % - /&(" . ) % # 3@6 + $ % ) & .- !$' +% .% 2'$,1$+4$1 -# .2'$01 1(,(+ 0+7 1(23 2$# '>3;@F;88E 393;@EF ;H ! $ % *&-% * " &+* % 6 4 3 :;@3 *AI@ *3=7 &GF 3@6 / # $ * # ) 787@63@FE . '>3;@F;88 ):3@83 #; O#;P 5A??7@576 F:;E 35F;A@ 393;@EF 787@63@FE :;@3FAI@ *3=7 &GF @5 6 4 3 :;@3FAI@ *3=7 &GF 3@6 /75:;7> $7;F7>7E 5A>>75F;H7>K O 787@63@FEP E77=;@9 63?397E BGDEG3@F FA F:7 3;D #34AD )F3@63D6E 5F O #) P 3@6 %7I /AD= #34AD #3I O%/##P A5=7F %A '>3;@F;88 G;?;@9 ):3A O):3AP 8;>76 3 5A@E7@F FA 475A?7 3 B3DFK B>3;@F;88 A@ %AH7?47D A5=7F %A *:;E 35F;A@ BDA577676 FA 3 47@5: FD;3> 38F7D I:;5: F:7 G@67DE;9@76 8AG@6 F:7 787@63@FE >;34>7 FA '>3;@F;88E 8AD G@B3;6 D79G>3D I397E G@B3;6 AH7DF;?7 3@6 >;CG;63F76 3@6 EF3FGFADK 63?397E A5=7F %A O 75;E;A@P '>3;@F;88E 3BB73>76 F:7 <G69?7@F E77=;@9 FA 3G9?7@F F:7 63?397E 3I3D6 A5=7F %A 3@6 787@63@FE 5DAEE 3BB73>76 A5=7F %A *:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;F 388;D?76 F:7 75;E;A@ A@ $3K A5=7F %A 'D7E7@F>K 478AD7 F:7 AGDF ;E '>3;@F;88ER ?AF;A@ 8AD 3FFAD@7KER 877E F:7K ;@5GDD76 A@ 3BB73> O$AF;A@P A5=7F %A 787@63@FE ABBAE76 F:7 $AF;A@ A5=7F %A 3@6 '>3;@F;88E $! , .0%!/ +*/!*0! 0+ 0$! &1.%/ % 0%+* +" 0$! ) #%/0. 0! &1 #! +2!. (( ,.+ !! %*#/ %* 0$%/ ) 00!. %* (1 %*# 0.% ( ,1./1 *0 0+ 6 * ! %2 + '!0 + Dockets.Justia.com Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 2 of 12 D7B>;76 A5=7F %A AD F:7 D73EA@E E7F 8ADF: :7D7;@ '>3;@F;88ER ?AF;A@ 8AD 3FFAD@7KER 877E ;E 9D3@F76 ;@ B3DF 3@6 67@;76 ;@ B3DF A>>AI;@9 3 47@5: FD;3> F:3F FAA= B>357 A@ G9GEF 3@6 478AD7 F:7 G@67DE;9@76 F:7 AGDF 8AG@6 F:7 787@63@FE <A;@F>K 3@6 E7H7D3>>K >;34>7 8AD H;A>3F;@9 F:7 #) 3@6 %/## $$ &$-$0 ++7 75;E;A@ *:7 AGDF 8GDF:7D 8AG@6 F:3F '>3;@F;88E #; 3@6 ):3A 5A>>75F;H7>K O'>3;@F;88EP I7D7 7@F;F>76 FA 3@6 D7EB75F;H7>K ;@ 63?397E 3@6 ;@F7D7EF # 3F !G69?7@F I3E 7@F7D76 ;@ '>3;@F;88ER 83HAD A@ 757?47D A5=7F %A *:7D738F7D '>3;@F;88E ?AH76 FA 3?7@6 F:7 <G69?7@F A5=7F %A 3@6 8AD ;@ 3FFAD@7KER 877E 3@6 5AEFE A5=7F %AE &@ !3@G3DK 787@63@FE 3>EA ?AH76 FA 3>F7D AD 3?7@6 F:7 <G69?7@F A5=7F %A -:;>7 F:7 BAEF <G69?7@F 3@6 3FFAD@7KER 877E ?AF;A@E I7D7 B7@6;@9 '>3;@F;88E 3BB73>76 F:7 75;E;A@ 5:3>>7@9;@9 F:7 AGDFRE 8;@6;@9E D793D6;@9 F:7 3?AG@F A8 IAD= '>3;@F;88E B7D8AD?76 I;F:AGF 5A?B7@E3F;A@ 3@6 F:7 EF3FGFADK 63?397E F:3F '>3;@F;88E I7D7 7@F;F>76 FA G@67D F:7 %/## A5=7F %A &@ $3D5: F:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;F :7>6 '>3;@F;88ER 3BB73> ;@ 347K3@57 B7@6;@9 F:7 AGDFRE D7EA>GF;A@ A8 F:7 B3DF;7ER ?AF;A@E FA 3>F7D AD 3?7@6 F:7 <G69?7@F A5=7F %A )G4E7CG7@F>K F:7 AGDF 9D3@F76 '>3;@F;88ER ?AF;A@ FA 3?7@6 F:7 <G69?7@F 3@6 67@;76 787@63@FER ?AF;A@ FA 3>F7D AD 3?7@6 F:7 <G697?7@F A5=7F %A 3F *:7 AGDF 3>EA 3I3D676 '>3;@F;88E ;@ 3FFAD@7KER 877E 3@6 ;@ 5AEFE # 787@63@FE F:7@ 8;>76 3 5DAEE 3BB73> 5:3>>7@9;@9 F:7 AGDFRE 67F7D?;@3F;A@E D793D6;@9 '>3;@F;88ER 5>3;?E 8AD D79G>3D I397E 3@6 63?397E 3@6 ;FE 67@;3> A8 787@63@FER ?AF;A@ FA 3>F7D AD (( , #! *1) !. %0 0%+*/ .!"!. 0+ 0$! , #! *1) !. 1*(!// +0$!.3%/! *+0! Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 3 of 12 3?7@6 F:7 <G69?7@F A5=7F %A *:7D738F7D F:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;F >;8F76 F:7 347K3@57 A8 '>3;@F;88ER 3BB73> 5A@EA>;63F76 F:7 3BB73>E 3E 5DAEE 3BB73>E 3@6 E7F 3 4D;78;@9 E5:76G>7 A5=7F %AE M &@ &5FA47D '>3;@F;88E 8;>76 3 4D;78 ;@ EGBBADF A8 F:7;D 6;D75F 3BB73> 3@6 <A;@F 3BB7@6;57E 366D7EE;@9 4AF: F:7 6;D75F 3@6 5DAEE 3BB73>E A5=7F %A M '> D 3F '>3;@F;88E EG4?;FF76 F:7;D D7B>K 4D;78 A@ !3@G3DK I:;5: BD;?3D;>K E7DH76 3E 3@ ABBAE;F;A@ FA 787@63@FER 5DAEE 3BB73> A5=7F %A M &@ $3K F:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;F ;EEG76 3 )G??3DK &D67D 388;D?;@9 F:7 75;E;A@ A5=7F %A *:7@ A@ $3K '>3;@F;88E ?AH76 F:;E AGDF 8AD ;@ 3FFAD@7KER 877E ;@5GDD76 A@ 3BB73> A5=7F %A 355A?B3@;76 4K 3 ?7?AD3@6G? A8 >3I A5=7F %A O'> D P '>3;@F;88ER 5AG@E7>RE 388;63H;F A5=7F %A O*DAK 88 P 3@6 5A@F7?BAD3@7AGE 4;>>;@9 D75AD6E A5=7F %A O'> @HA;57EP 787@63@FE EG4?;FF76 3 ?7?AD3@6G? A8 >3I ;@ ABBAE;F;A@ FA F:7 $AF;A@ A5=7F %A O 78 D P 3@6 '>3;@F;88E D7B>;76 A5=7F %A O'> (7B>KP &@ $3K 4AF: B3DF;7E EG4?;FF76 3@ F7?;L76 ;>> A8 AEFE FA F:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;F 6 ;D A5=7F %AE *:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;F 67@;76 4AF: D7CG7EFE 8AD 5AEFE 6 ;D A5=7F %A "" % %%!# '$( $ O+@67D F:7 #) 3@6 F:7 %/## 3 BD7H3;>;@9 B>3;@F;88 ;E 7@F;F>76 FA D73EA@34>7 3FFAD@7KER 877E P (1'$0 4 0.2 -" 6 6 ;D GDF:7D 3 B>3;@F;88 ?3K 47 7@F;F>76 FA 3FFAD@7KER 877E 7JB7@676 EG557EE8G>>K 6787@6;@9 3 <G69?7@F ;@ F:7;D 83HAD A@ 3BB73> $$ $ & (-$1 4 (27 .% +! -7 6 6 ;D "".0# -#$01.- 4 27 .% 3%%.+* , ( -# 3F % / BD O AGDFE :3H7 :7>6 F:3F 3 QD73EA@34>7 B3K;@9 5>;7@F IAG>6 G@6AG4F76>K 47 I;>>;@9 FA B3K 8AD E7DH;57E A8 E=;>>76 Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 4 of 12 3BB7>>3F7 5AG@E7> FA 6787@6R 3 H7D6;5F IA@ 3F FD;3> P CGAF;@9 3" 4 27 .% 11 3 )GBB 6 % / AD 3FFAD@7KER 877E BGDBAE7E 3 B>3;@F;88 ;E 5A@E;67D76 F:7 BD7H3;>;@9 B3DFK O;8 F:7K EG55776 A@ 3@K E;9@;8;53@F ;EEG7 ;@ >;F;93F;A@ I:;5: 35:;7H7E EA?7 A8 F:7 47@78;F F:7 B3DF;7E EAG9:F ;@ 4D;@9;@9 EG;F P $-1+$7 4 "*$0' 02 + ) $AD7AH7D O43DD;@9 G@GEG3> 5;D5G?EF3@57E 67F7D?;@3F;A@ A8 3 D73EA@34>7 13BB7>>3F72 3FFAD@7KRE 877 G@67D F:7 877 E:;8F;@9 EF3FGF7E E:AG>6 @AD?3>>K 47 675;676 4K F:7 6;EFD;5F 5AGDF ;@ F:7 8;DEF ;@EF3@57 P &3$ 4 (27 .% 30+(-&2.- 6 6 ;D O*:7 6;EFD;5F 5AGDF ;E 9;H7@ 4DA36 6;E5D7F;A@ ;@ 9D3@F;@9 3 877 3I3D6P 43E76 A@ OF:7 5;D5G?EF3@57E A8 F:7 53E7 P 3"( -. 4 +12$- .0/ 6 6 ;D -:7@ 67F7D?;@;@9 3 D73EA@34>7 877 3I3D6 OF:7 6;EFD;5F 5AGDF ?GEF 53>5G>3F7 3 Q>A67EF3D 8;9GD7 R 43E76 GBA@ F:7 @G?47D A8 :AGDE D73EA@34>K 7JB7@676 4K 5AG@E7> A@ F:7 >;F;93F;A@ ?G>F;B>;76 4K 3 D73EA@34>7 :AGD>K D3F7 P # >F:AG9: F:7 >A67EF3D 8;9GD7 ;E F:7 BD7EG?BF;H7>K D73EA@34>7 877 ;F ?3K 47 D76G576 AD ;@5D73E76 67B7@6;@9 A@ 53E7 EB75;8;5 5;D5G?EF3@57E $$ -#1"'3 4 /$"( + $041 (4 )GBB 6 ) % / *:GE F:7 6;EFD;5F 5AGDF ?GEF O 67F7D?;@7 F:7 D73EA@34>7 :AGD>K D3F7 67F7D?;@7 F:7 @G?47D A8 :AGDE D73EA@34>K 7JB7@676 ?G>F;B>K F:7 FIA FA 53>5G>3F7 F:7 BD7EG?BF;H7>K D73EA@34>7 877 3@6 ?3=7 3@K 3BBDABD;3F7 36<GEF?7@FE FA 3DD;H7 3F F:7 8;@3> 877 3I3D6 P #.0-. 4 .02 32'.0(27 .% $5 .0* -# $5 $01$7 )GBB 6 ) % / '>3;@F;88E E77= 5A?B7@E3F;A@ 8AD :AGDE A8 5AG@E7>RE IAD= D7>3F76 FA BDAE75GF;@9 '>3;@F;88ER 6;D75F 3BB73> 3@6 6787@6;@9 393;@EF 787@63@FER 5DAEE 3BB73> *DAK 88 M '> (7B>K 3F 1$$ +1. '> @HA;57E 787@63@FE 3D9G7 F:3F '>3;@F;88E 3D7 @AF 7@F;F>76 FA 3@K ( %*0%""/ +/0!*/% (5 +* ! ! %* 0$!%. +0%+* 0$ 0 0$!5 .! *+0 !*0%0(! 0+ "!!/ "+. 0%)! !4,!* ! +* 0$!%. %.! 0 ,,! ( * " 0 ( %*0%""/9 +0%+* 5 %0/ 0!.)/ /!!'/ +*(5 0$+/! "!!/ 7!4,!* ! %* !"!* %*# 0$%/ +1.09/ &1 #)!*0 +* .+// ,,! ( 8 + '!0 + * ( %*0%""/ .#1! %* 0$!%. .%!" 0$ 0 0$!5 .! 0$! ,.!2 %(%*# , .05 +*(5 3%0$ .!/,! 0 0+ 0$! .+// ,,! ( ( . +3!2!. %* 0$!%. !,(5 ( %*0%""/ $ *#! 0$!%. ,+/%0%+* * .#1! 0$ 0 Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 5 of 12 3BB7>>3F7 3FFAD@7KER 877E AD 3>F7D@3F;H7>K F:3F F:7 877 3I3D6 E:AG>6 47 >;?;F76 FA F:AE7 877E ;@5GDD76 ;@ 6787@6;@9 393;@EF F:7 5DAEE 3BB73> 78 D 3F );@57 F:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;F 6;E?;EE76 787@63@FER 5DAEE 3BB73> '>3;@F;88E 3D7 F:7 BD7H3;>;@9 B3DFK I;F: D7EB75F FA F:7 5DAEE 3BB73> $$ (-$1 6 3F 8;@6;@9 F:3F B>3;@F;88E D7F3;@76 F:7;D BD7H3;>;@9 B3DFK EF3FGE A@ 3BB73> I:7D7 OB>3;@F;88E I7D7 F:7 BD7H3;>;@9 B3DFK A@ F:7 ?7D;FE A8 F:7;D 5>3;? 3@6 EG557EE8G>>K 6787@676 393;@EF F:7 6787@63@FER 5:3>>7@97P !32 1$$ (-$1 4 (27 .% +! -7 , *) ( * + ) ;EF # . ) 3F % % / %AH 8;@6;@9 A@ D7?3@6 F:3F F:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;FRE 6;D75F;H7 F:3F 3BB7>>3F7 3FFAD@7KER 877E E:AG>6 47 3I3D676 I:7D7 OB>3;@F;88E I7D7 F:7 BD7H3;>;@9 B3DFK A@ F:7 ?7D;FE A8 F:7;D 5>3;? 3@6 EG557EE8G>>K 6787@676 393;@EF F:7 6787@63@FER 5:3>>7@97 P 6;6 @AF ?73@ F:3F F:7 OQBD7H3;>;@9 B3DFKR ?3@F>7P 3BB>;76 FA F:7 7@F;D7FK A8 F:7 3BB73> 3@6 5A@5>G6;@9 F:3F B>3;@F;88E I7D7 @AF F:7 BD7H3;>;@9 B3DFK I;F: D7EB75F FA F:7;D G@EG557EE8G> 5DAEE 3BB73> A@E7CG7@F>K '>3;@F;88E 3D7 7@F;F>76 FA 3FFAD@7KER 877E 8AD 6787@6;@9 393;@EF F:7 5DAEE 3BB73> 7H7@ F:AG9: F:7;D 6;D75F 3BB73> I3E G@EG557EE8G> $$ (-$1 + ) ;EF # . ) 3F '>3;@F;88E BD7E7@F>K E77= 8AD 877E ;@5GDD76 6GD;@9 F:7 3BB7>>3F7 BDA5776;@9E $$ A5=7F %AE *:7 AGDF I;>> A@>K 9D3@F D73EA@34>7 3FFAD@7KER 877E 8AD '>3;@F;88ER 5AG@E7>RE IAD= 6787@6;@9 F:7 5DAEE 3BB73> *A 3EE7EE F:7 D73EA@34>7@7EE A8 F:7 877E F:7 AGDF I;>> 8;DEF 3EE7EE F:7 D73EA@34>7@7EE A8 F:7 :AGD>K D3F7E D7CG7EF76 4K '>3;@F;88E $! !&# ' % $ O D73EA@34>7 :AGD>K D3F7 D7BD7E7@FE I:3F Q3 D73EA@34>7 B3K;@9 5>;7@F IAG>6 47 I;>>;@9 FA B3K RP 3@6 F3=7E ;@FA 5A@E;67D3F;A@ 3 :AEF A8 53E7 EB75;8;5 835FADE $$ "'$4 00( 4 -1(&'2 0$!5 .! (/+ !*0%0(! 0+ "!!/ !4,!* ! +* 0$! %.! 0 ,,! ( ( !,(5 0 $! +1.0 0$1/ %*0!.,.!0/ ( %*0%""/9 +0%+* / .!-1!/0%*# "1(( 00+.*!5/9 "!!/ %* 1..! +* ,,! ( Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 6 of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ase 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 7 of 12 *:7 AGDF 36:7D7E FA F:7 :AGD>K D3F7 BD7H;AGE>K 3I3D676 FA $D )5:I7;FL7D A5=7F %A 1$$ +1. '.-& (- 4 $-1 2(.- $. ' -&' ( 3(1(-$ -" , " $ -# 3F % / &5F 3I3D6;@9 $D )5:I7;FL7D 3@ :AGD>K D3F7 A8 8AD :;E IAD= A@ 3 I397 3@6 :AGD 53E7 ;@ F:7 3EF7D@ ;EFD;5F A8 %7I /AD= '>3;@F;88ER 3D9G?7@F F:3F $D )5:I7;FL7D ;E 7@F;F>76 FA 3 :;9:7D D3F7 8AD F:7 IAD= :7 B7D8AD?76 A@ 3BB73> F:3@ 3F F:7 FD;3> >7H7> ;E G@3H3;>;@9 *:7D7 ;E @A 7H;67@57 F:3F $D )5:I7;FL7D :3E -7 3BB7>>3F7 7JB7D;7@57 1$$ *DAK 88 3@6 ;F ;E G@>;=7>K F:3F 3 D73EA@34>7 B3K;@9 5>;7@F IAG>6 B3K 3 :;9:7D D3F7 8AD 3BB7>>3F7 D7BD7E7@F3F;A@ I:7@ :;E 5AG@E7> ;E 36?;FF76>K BD;?3D;>K 7JB7D;7@576 3E 3 FD;3> >3IK7D $$ 0!.0 (++ 6 3F "% 3" )GBB 6 3F @AF;@9 F:3F OF:7 E=;>>E @77676 8AD 78875F;H7 3BB7>>3F7 36HA535K 3D7 D3D7>K 8AG@6 N ;@ 9AA6 FD;3> >3IK7DE P ;@ EGBBADF A8 ;FE 5A@5>GE;A@ F:3F F:7 877E D7CG7EF76 4K 3@ 7JB7D;7@576 3BB7>>3F7 36HA53F7 I7D7 D73EA@34>7 CGAF;@9 !G697 #3GD7@57 );>47D?3@ + (- +* .- //$++ 2$ #4." "7 #;F;9 )BD;@9 A@E7CG7@F>K ;E 3 D73EA@34>7 D3F7 8AD $D )5:I7;FL7D $! !&#$ -:7@ 3EE7EE;@9 I:7F:7D F:7 @G?47D A8 :AGDE EG4?;FF76 4K 3@ 3FFAD@7K ;E D73EA@34>7 3 5AGDF >AA=E FA F:7 4;>>;@9 D75AD6E EG4?;FF76 4K F:7 ?AH3@F ;@ >;9:F A8 O;FE AI@ 83?;>;3D;FK I;F: F:7 53E7 3@6 ;FE 7JB7D;7@57 97@7D3>>K P $$ 0+$7 4 $1!7 %A ;H " ' -# 3F ) % / $3K CGAF;@9 , &(-& .0/ 4 '(++(/1 $#(8(- 71 %A ;H #$$ -# 3F ) % / 75 O 753GE7 3FFAD@7KER 877E 3D7 67B7@67@F A@ F:7 G@;CG7 835FE A8 735: 53E7 P F:7 6;EFD;5F 5AGDF D7F3;@E EG4EF3@F;3> 6;E5D7F;A@ ;@ 67F7D?;@;@9 I:3F 5A@EF;FGF7E 3 D73EA@34>7 3?AG@F A8 F;?7 EB7@F A@ F:7 ?3FF7D # O 6<GEF?7@FE ?GEF 47 ?367 FA F:7 @G?47D A8 :AGDE 7JB7@676 43E76 A@ 53E7 EB75;8;5 835FADE ;@5>G6;@9 676G5F;A@E 8AD Q7J57EE;H7 D76G@63@F AD AF:7DI;E7 G@@757EE3DK :AGDE RP 0$(&'2.- 4 .,(-(" - .++ %A , *0 -# 3F ) % / G9 Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 8 of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ase 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 9 of 12 53>5G>3F;@9 3 877 3I3D6 $$ 0."'.51*( 4 )$2 .-12 .0/ %A , %( -# 3F ) % / $3D >;?;F;@9 877 3I3D6 FA EG557EE8G> 5>3;?E I:7D7 F:7 EG557EE8G> 5>3;?E 5AG>6 O73E;>K 47 E7B3D3F76 3@6 6;EF;>>76P $AD7AH7D 7H7@ ;8 F:7 3BB73>E I7D7 ;@7JB>;534>K ;@F7DFI;@76 F:7 BDA576GD3> :;EFADK A8 F:;E 53E7 5AG@E7>E 393;@EF 3I3D6;@9 '>3;@F;88E 8G>> 3FFAD@7KER 877E +@>;=7 F:7 BD75767@F '>3;@F;88E D7>K A@ '>3;@F;88E 5A??7@576 3BB7>>3F7 >;F;93F;A@ FA D75AH7D 3 >3D97D 63?397E 3I3D6 A5=7F %A *:GE '>3;@F;88E ;@HA>H7?7@F A@ 3BB73> I3E AD;9;@3>>K @AF @757EE3DK FA 6787@6 F:7;D H7D6;5F 47>AI $$ $ & .$ 4 .5- .% +..,(-& 0.4$ BBJ 6 ;D 30/'7 4 7-- 6 6 ;D $AD7AH7D F:7 BGDBAE7 A8 F:7 877 E:;8F;@9 EF3FGF7E ;E @AF 78875FG3F76 4K 3I3D6;@9 '>3;@F;88E 8G>> 3BB7>>3F7 3FFAD@7KER 877E $$ (-$1 + ) ;EF # . ) 3F 675>;@;@9 FA 3I3D6 877E D7>3F76 FA 3 83;>76 5DAEE 3BB73> I:7D7 O'>3;@F;88ER 13BB73>2 I3E @AF 3@ 3FF7?BF FA BDAF75F F:7 AGDFRE 73D>;7D 675;E;A@ 4GF D3F:7D FA 5A@H;@57 F:7 )75A@6 ;D5G;F FA D7H7DE7 BADF;A@E A8 F:3F 675;E;A@ F:3F D76G576 '>3;@F;88ER 877E P 120 * 4 (0, - 6 F: ;D 3 OB>3;@F;88 I:A :3H;@9 IA@ 3 <G69?7@F ;@ F:7 6;EFD;5F 5AGDF 3BB73>E E77=;@9 3 9D73F7D H;5FADK N 3@6 83;>E GFF7D>K ;@ :;E 3BB73> N I;>> 47 :3D6 BD7EE76 FA 67?A@EFD3F7 3@ 7@F;F>7?7@F FA :;E 3FFAD@7KRE 877E A@ 3BB73> 7H7@ F:AG9: :7 D7?3;@E F:7 BD7H3;>;@9 B3DFK ;@ F:7 G@67D>K;@9 >;F;93F;A@ P D7H;7I A8 '>3;@F;88ER 4;>>;@9 D75AD6E ;@6;53F7E F:3F 3 3F >73EF :3>8 A8 F:7 F;?7 '>3;@F;88E E77= 5A?B7@E3F;A@ 8AD I3E EB7@F A@ F:7 6;D75F 3BB73> 1$$ '> @HA;57E 3F ;@5>G6;@9 ++ F:7 F;?7 7JB7@676 4K $D *DAK A@ 3BB73> 1$$ (# 3F >F:AG9: '>3;@F;88ER 5AG@E7>RE 4;>>;@9 D75AD6E DAG9:>K ;@6;53F7 :AI ?G5: F;?7 5AG@E7> EB7@F A@ F:7 D7EB75F;H7 3BB73>E 5AG@E7>RE 4>A5= 4;>>;@9 3@6 H39G7 F;?7 7@FD;7E BD7H7@F F:7 AGDF 8DA? 67F7D?;@;@9 I:7F:7D 5AG@E7>RE F;?7 I3E D73EA@34>K 7JB7@676 3@6 8DA? ?3=;@9 ?;@GF7 36<GEF?7@FE FA 5AG@E7>RE ;@6;H;6G3> F;?7=77B;@9 Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 10 of 12 7@FD;7E $$ $ & '> @HA;57E 3F AG@E7>RE GE7 A8 4>A5= 4;>>;@9 I:;>7 @AF BDA:;4;F76 ;@ F:;E ;D5G;F OD7@67DE ;F 6;88;5G>F FA 67F7D?;@7P BD75;E7>K :AI ?G5: F;?7 5AG@E7> EB7@F A@ 735: 3BB73> 3@6 9DAGBE FA97F:7D 5A?B7@E34>7 3@6 @A@ 5A?B7@E34>7 F3E=E $$ $ /0 7 .+#(-&1 2# 4 +( (- 0/ -" )GBB 6 ) % / A@E7CG7@F>K F:7 AGDF I;>> D76G57 5AG@E7>RE :AGDE 4K 3 O8>3FP 35DAEE F:7 4A3D6 B7D57@F397 5GF ;@EF736 A8 36<GEF;@9 ;@6;H;6G3> F;?7=77B;@9 7@FD;7E $$ (# 0%($+# 4 $5 .0* (27 $ +2' -# .1/(2 +1 .0/ 6 6 ;D 3BBDAH;@9 B7D57@F D76G5F;A@ A8 D7CG7EF76 877E ;@ #) 35F;A@ 6G7 FA B>3;@F;88RE O>;?;F76 EG557EE ;@ F:7 >;F;93F;A@ 3E 3 I:A>7P %7JF F:7 4;>>;@9 D75AD6E '>3;@F;88E EG4?;FF76 FA F:7 5AGDF 3D7 H39G7 3@6 OAF:7DI;E7 ;@367CG3F7 FA 7@34>7 F:7 AGDF FA 67F7D?;@7 F:7 D73EA@34>7@7EE A8 F:7 IAD= B7D8AD?76 AD F:7 F;?7 7JB7@676 RP I3DD3@F;@9 8GDF:7D D76G5F;A@ -#$02 4 ++($# -2$012 2$ %A ;H ' -# 3F ) % / !G>K CGAF;@9 0+($ 4 ++($# -2$012 2$ -" %A ;H # ' -# 3F ) % / !3@ O AGDFE :3H7 :7>6 F:3F 5GDEADK 7@FD;7E EG5: 3E QFD;3> BD7BR 3D7 FAA H39G7 FA EGBBADF 3 8G>> 3I3D6 A8 877E 3@6 F:GE <GEF;8K 3 B7D57@F397 D76G5F;A@ P 0($-2 4$01$ 1 .-2 (-$0 4 0712 + .4$ $ %..# %A ;H ' - -# 3F ) % / 75 7D7 ?AEF A8 5AG@E7>RE 7@FD;7E ;@5>G67 5GDEADK 67E5D;BF;A@E A8 F:7 F3E=E B7D8AD?76 $$ '> @HA;57E AD 7J3?B>7 $D )5:I7;FL7DRE 7@FD;7E ;@5>G67 67E5D;BF;A@E EG5: 3E O4D;78 6AP 3@6 O<A;@F 3BBRJ 6A P $$ (# 3F @ 366;F;A@ F:7D7 3D7 @G?7DAGE 7@FD;7E F:3F E;?B>K ;@6;53F7 F:3F 5AG@E7> D7H;7I76 F:7 6A5=7F $ & O(7H;7I =F %A P $$ (# 3F *:7 AGDF ;E G@34>7 FA 6;E57D@ 8DA? F:7E7 7@FD;7E 3@6 AF:7DE I:7F:7D 5AG@E7>RE F;?7 I3E D73EA@34>K 7JB7@676 $$ $ & 0+$7 -# 3F @ D76G5;@9 D73EA@34>7 F;?7 7JB7@676 8AD BGDBAE7E A8 >A67EF3D 53>5G>3F;A@ I:7D7 ;F I3E O6;88;5G>F FA F7>> I:7F:7D F:7 :AGDE D78>75F76 ;@ F:7 Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 11 of 12 H39G7 F;?7 7@FD;7E I7D7 D73EA@34>7P '>3;@F;88ER 5AG@E7>RE ;@EG88;5;7@F>K 67F3;>76 F;?7 7@FD;7E F:GE I3DD3@F 3 8GDF:7D D76G5F;A@ A8 F:7;D D7CG7EF76 :AGDE $$ (01"' 4 +$$2 2 2# 6 6 ;D 3BBDAH;@9 B7D57@F D76G5F;A@ A8 :AGDE 8AD H39G7 3@6 5A@FD36;5F;@9 F;?7 7@FD;7E ;@3>>K 3 5AGDF ?3K 7J5>G67 F;?7 EB7@F 4K 3FFAD@7KE A@ O>7EE E=;>>76 IAD= >;=7 8;>;@9 3@6 AF:7D 36?;@;EFD3F;H7 F3E=E P 4 2.- ' $5(1!.0. "' (12 )GBB 6 ) % / %%9# 13! -., $6 0$+ 4 2.- ' $5(1!.0. "' (12 BBRJ 6 ;D AG@E7>RE 4;>>;@9 D75AD6E ;@5>G67 57DF3;@ 36?;@;EFD3F;H7 F3E=E F:3F 3D7 7@F;D7>K @AF 5A?B7@E34>7 $$ 0%($+# 6 3F 388;D?;@9 6;EFD;5F 5AGDFRE 675;E;A@ F:3F O :AGDE EB7@F A@ 36?;@;EFD3F;H7 F3E=E E:AG>6 @AF 47 5A?B7@E3F76 3F 3>> P AD ;@EF3@57 $D )5:I7;FL7D 4;>>76 :;E 8G>> D3F7 FA OB3K F:7 ;@HA;57 8AD F:7 )FD3;9:F DG@ 5AB;7EP 3@6 O(7?AH7 3>> F:7 5A??7@FE 8DA? F:7 6A5G?7@FE P '> @HA;57E 3F *:7E7 7@FD;7E 3?A@9 AF:7DE I3DD3@F 3@ 366;F;A@3> D76G5F;A@ ;@ '>3;@F;88ER :AGDE $$ )GBB 6 3F @ 5A@5>GE;A@ F3=;@9 ;@FA 5A@E;67D3F;A@ '>3;@F;88ER >;?;F76 EG557EE A@ 3BB73> 3@6 H39G7 4;>>;@9 D75AD6E I:;5: ;@5>G67 57DF3;@ @A@ 5A?B7@E34>7 F3E=E F:7 AGDF 8;@6E F:3F 5AG@E7>RE D7CG7EF76 :AGDE E:AG>6 47 D76G576 4K B7D57@F $$ $ & 71 -- .0+#5(#$ -" 4 , 0 .2$+1 -" -# 3F ) % / !G@7 D76G5;@9 D7CG7EF76 :AGDE 4K 8F7D ;@5ADBAD3F;@9 F:7 38AD7?7@F;A@76 D76G5F;A@E '>3;@F;88E 3D7 7@F;F>76 FA 3 >A67EF3D 3?AG@F A8 ;@ 3FFAD@7KER 877E E7F 8ADF: ;@ F:7 8A>>AI;@9 F34>7 " # % !&#$ 3DA@ )5:I7;FL7D Case 7:16-cv-07787-JCM Document 116 Filed 12/23/20 Page 12 of 12 AD F:7 8AD79A;@9 D73EA@E '>3;@F;88ER ?AF;A@ 8AD 3FFAD@7KER 877E ;E 9D3@F76 ;@ B3DF 3@6 67@;76 ;@ B3DF *:7 AGDF 3I3D6E '>3;@F;88E ;@ 3FFAD@7KER 877E *:7 >7D= ;E D7EB75F8G>>K D7CG7EF76 FA F7D?;@3F7 F:7 B7@6;@9 ?AF;A@ A5=7F %A 3F76 757?47D -:;F7 '>3;@E %7I /AD= !+ * $5 (* / +@;F76 )F3F7E $39;EFD3F7 !G697

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.