James Edwards v. Hearst Communications, Inc., No. 1:2015cv09279 - Document 244 (S.D.N.Y. 2017)
Court Description: OPINION & ORDER: For the foregoing reasons, the Court concludes that, once Grenke was dismissed, Hearst did not have a duty to preserve evidence relevant to Edwards' claim until the filing of the Boelter complaint. Separately, the Court directs Hearst to respond anew to Request 34 by January 5, 2018. (Signed by Magistrate Judge James L. Cott on 12/18/2017) (kgo)
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James Edwards v. Hearst Communications, Inc. Doc. 244 UN T DS A E DS R C C R I E T T S I T I T OU T S TH RN D S R C O N OU E I T I T F EWY R O K ---------------------X ----------------------------------------J S PH EJ E E A D , O E IN AM S DW R S : : Pan f litf i, : : -v : : : H AS C E R T OMMUN C T ON, C I A I SIN. , : : Df n at ee d n . : ---------------------X ----------------------------------------- USDC SDNY UD S N SC D Y DOCUMENT DC ET O UM N ELECTRONICALLY FL D E E T O I A L FILED L C R NC L Y I E DOC #: _________________ D C: ________ O # _________ // DATE FILED: ______________ D T FL D_2 _____ A E I E: 1 ______ _ 1 21 _ 8 07 O IN P ION & ORD ER 1 - V 9 7 ( T( L ) 5C -2 9 A) J C J AM S L CO T U ie S ae M gsr t J d e E . T, nt d t t s ait ae u g. 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Dt N 9.T ed isl wsntp r u n t a e l eta d 3 0 5 d k o 5 h i sa a o us at o st em n n , . . sm t H artddntp y Ge k ati g Y h n Dc ¶7 e s i o a r n e nhn. u a e . . l Acri g ois o ne H as ws nts bet oayl w us lei g codn t t c u sl ert a o ujc t n a si a gn , t l voa o s f h V P p o t t e r ne li a o,a d ae n a di nl R A ilt n ot e R A r r o h Ge k i gt n n fc d o di o aV P i i t i t sisd rn t ep n e c ot a ato .I. t¶5 H as c u sl sa o u t u g h e d ny f ht c n da . erts o nei l i i s u a ae oa ypesiltes r n u is b u t eV P ,ihrbfr o d rn n wr f n r -u e r o i qi e a ot h R Ae e eoe r u g t t r t i Ge k .I.A e t ed isl fGe k o F b ur 2,2 1 , ert ws r ne d f r h i sa o r ne n er ay 3 0 5 H as a t sm u a ae f a yc pans pe u ltes o i qi e r gri ga e e n wr o n omlit r- i e r r n u is e adn l g d , st t , r l voa o s f h V P ut M y2,2 1, w e t e o trl w u wsie i ilt n ot e R A nl a 1 0 5 h n h Be e a si a f d n i i l t l ti D t c I. t¶7 Be e , N 1- V 3 3, Dt N 1 h i r t da ; o tr o 5 -9 4 k o . s si . l . C . . H as s u sla oblee t a a t eim t e u wsd is dt e ert co ne l e vs ht t h t e h si a i se, h s i , t sm l wi t ah dbo gtGe k ws h ol l wi atvl fi ga yl w u s af rm ht a r u h r ne a t e ny a f rm c eyi n n a si i l t 4 u dr h V P. Y h n Dc ¶6 Acri g o H as s o ne a a o n y w o n e t e R A u a e . . codn t ert c u sl n t r e h l , t sg e t e tplto o d isl n r n e b hl sae t a h l wi dd i n d h s ua n f i sa o Ge k s e a tt d ht i a f i i sm f s rm i nt ne d ob n a ohr u a ant H asfrvoa o sot eV P. Y h n oit n t r g nt e si gi s ert o ilt n f h R A u a i t i Dc ¶6 e. . l B . T e nt n L i a o h I sa t i gt n t i O M y2,2 1,S z n eBe e f e si i ti D t ca ant H as n a 1 0 5 ua n ol ri d u n h i r t gi s ert t l t s si u dr h V P, e kn t r peet a M hg n e d ns w oh d hi n e t e R Asei g o ers n l i i a rs et h a t e l c i r Pro a R ai g no a o d coe t tidpr e b H as w h u c net es nl e dn Ifrmt n i ls d o h i s r at s y ert i ot o s n i t . Be e , k N 1 a ¶ 4,5. 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Ui dSa s .Br e 4 1F A p vd ne a e ee at o uuei gt n n e tt v a ns, 1 . p x t i t e 3 5 3 8 2 C .2 1)( utn Fj s Ld v F d E pesCr. 2 7F3 4 3 6, 6 ( d i 0 1 q o g ut u t. . e. xrs op, 4 . d 2, r i i 4 6 2 C.2 0) ( ummr odr5 T edt a ss ms c 3 (d i 01 s r ) ay r e . h uy r e ) i ot omm ny w e si ol h n u t hsa e d be f e,poii g h pry e p n be o t edsr c o w h a l a y e ni d r vdn t e at rs o s l fr h et ut n i r l i i t e pesnt e bta o n ca o i ohr ic sa cs a fr x pe w e a xrs o c u l o ocs n n t e c umt ne s o e aml h n i, s i r , pry h udh v k o n ht h ei e c m yb r l v n t ft r l i a o. at s ol a e n w t a t e vd ne a e e e at o uuei gt n t i T htt . OHr 2 9F S p.3 7 1 7 8 S D ..2 1) q o n Koic v c aa v aa, 4 . u p d 0, 0 (. .NY 0 7( ut gr n h . i s Ui dSa s,1 0F3 1 2 1 62 ( dC.1 9) ojc o s vr u d N 1- V n e tt t e 5 . d 1, 2– 7 2 i 9 8, b t n oerl , o 4 r ) ei e . C 2 8 ( G) 2 1 W 3 7 7 5 S D ..Jl 2,2 1) 3 5 L S 0 7 L 1 2 1 (. .NY uy 5 0 7 , . 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C , 5E e t o g ti i a i es y c o, ohpr e c e o e eal w e adn v n h u h h s dvr t at n bt at s i t f drl a r gri g s i i i t t edt is e wi h h C ut o sdr a poraegv nt aii a ay n a h uy s u, h t e o rc n es pr p t i e htt s nlz g c i i i df n at dt t peev i at i a o o a pt n amto fr pla o ee d n s uy o rsr e n n cpt n f oet l o n o s o t n i i i i ii s nto s a d n dvr t ato sc ut r u nl a py e eal w o mtos o a c n n i i es y c n o rs ot ey pl f drl a t o n fr i , i i , i i s o a o s nto s S i s y e v Ui dSa s N 0- V 5 0 ( AM( LM pl t n a c n. t n n dr . n e tt , o 9 -4 7 K ) R ) ii i e t e . C , 2 1 W 1 0 4 1 a * 3 E D ..F b 8 2 1) cletn css a ot db , 0 3 L 2 6 5, t 1 (. .NY e. , 0 3(o c g ae , d pe y l i ) 2 1 W 1 0 0 9 E D .. Mr 2,2 1) 0 3 L 2 9 9 (. .NY a 5 0 3. . 7 2 0 W 2 0 5 5 a * (. .NY A g 1,2 0) MjrT usI c v Clr 0 7 L 4 3 6, t 5 E D .. u. 7 0 7 ao o r n . ooe N ; , . l, o . 0 - V 3 9 ( B) J) 2 0 W 2 1 6 1 a * – ( .NJ A g 4 2 0) Wie 5C -0 1 J S( S 0 9 L 4 3 3, t 3 4 D .. u. , 0 9 h , . l dtrmnn w e t edt a ss cl frafc it n v i qiy Mr n . ee ii g h n h uy r e a s o i l at ne s e n u , oa v i r M ns, N 0- V 6 9 ( G ) 2 0 W 1 5 6 7 a * (. .NY Ar 1,2 0) a ao o 4 -8 6 P G 0 9 L 0 9 3, t 5 S D .. p 5 0 9 n . C , . , i c nr vr be pee u ie o h dt t peev i t a t eeb at a noto et l rr qi t t t e uy o rsr e s ht hr e cul i s li a o o r ao al frse bei gto. J h W e &S n I c v Bo Dg i gt n r es n by oee al li a n o n i y t i t i l os n . ok o , . Bos L C N 1- V 8 6 o k L , o 3 -1 (WH) GW ) 2 1 W 5 6 9 3 a * (. .NY Ot , . C P( G 0 5 L 7 9 4, t 7 S D .. c , . 2 2 1) q oa o mr s i e) , 0 5( utt n a k om t d i t . E wrsag e t a H as sdt t peev ddnt n w e Ge k ws d ad r us ht ert uy o rsr e i o e d h n r ne a d is dbc uet eic sa cs f r ne s sm slhglgt d h i se ea s h c umt ne o Ge k d i a i h he t e sm r i s i lklho oft r li a o. S e ot n s ht bc uer ne wsd is d i e o d f uuei gt n h c ne d t a ea s Ge k a i se i t i , sm a e i c e oi h t a t elitf wsnta usrbr oa H as m g zn i f rt am t lgt ht h pan f a o s bc e t t i i ert a a e t i, ws frse be htab n fd cas m br ol se t poe ue h ca s a oee al t a o ai e ls em e w ud e k o rsct t e lim a ant H as P M .a 5 6 E wrsasrs ht bc ueJ d eTre gi s ert l em t –. d ad set t a , ea s u g ors . . f u d ht H as ws nnt e f ls m br ca s u n Ge k fr h o n t a ert a o o c o cas em es lim d r g r ne o t e i i p r oe f oi g H as wsncsa l o nt e f ls m br ca s o t e ups otl n, ert a eesr y n o c o cas em es lim fr h l i i p r oe f h dt t peev P R p a 2 sea o o tr 2 1 W 3 9 9 4 a ups ot e uy o rsr e l e. t ;e l Be e , 0 7 L 9 4 3, t . . s l * – 1fni gE wrsca s wr tle b Ge k ) A di nly E wrs 9 1 ( dn d ad lim ee o d y r ne . di o a , d ad i l t l ag e t a i w ud m k n s ne i t e ot x o a ls ato fr r us ht t ol a e o e s n h c net f cas c n o i peevto olgto s o n w hapoe ua (s p oe t s bt n v) rsr a n b a n t e d i i i i t rc d rl a o ps d o usat e i d isl bc uet fn ohr ie w ud e u eas n cas m br t i sa ea s oi d t e w sm , s ol r qi bet ls em es o r 8 itr e e ried p ctv l w u s n r e t e s r t epeevto o ei e c nev n o f l ul a e a si i odr o n ue h rsr a n f vd ne i i t i . P M .a 6 7 l em t –. . H as c utr t a w e Ge k wsd is di wsa ae fn fcs ert o nes ht h n r ne a i se,t a wr o o at sm t a c udh v r ao al l dt oblee ht di o a V P li a o ws ht ol a e es n by e i t e v t a a di nl R Ai gt n a i t t i frhomn. Df M .a 5 I s p ot ft ag et H as pit t a ot c i g e em t . n u pr ois r um n ert ons o . , n br f o sdrto s t a ohr h n r ne H as h d ae n V P um e o c n ea n : ht t e t a Ge k , ert a fc d o R A i i , li a o a dh d eev dn pe u ltes r n u is r a y t e i gt n n a rci e o r- i e r o i qi e fom n ohr t i st t r s bc br o r gltr t a Ge k wsd is d w hpeuie u o p an fs usr es r e uaos ht r ne a i se i r d i ; sm t j c p n litf i mto, e vn n ps biy fa p a t a t eV P h dlr eybe ad a o nl ai g o os it o p el ht h R A a agl e n e d i il ; lte saue a d ht h ol l wi atvl li a n V P cssa t eim e r ttt; n t a t e ny a f t rm c eyi gt g R A ae t h t e i t i o Ge k s sm slh d ers ne t ai ddnt ne d oiea ya di nl f r ne d i a a r peet d htt i oit n t f i s l n di o a t sisa ant H as Df M .a 56 u t gi s ert e em t –. . . Fr h r ao s h t o o , h C uti d t a H as dt t peev o t e es n t afl wt e o rfn s ht erts uy o rsr e l ei e c e d d p nt ed isl f r ne bc ue a t a pit ft r li a o vd ne n e u o h i sa oGe k ea s t ht on uuei gt n sm , , t i wsnt r ao al frse be F s d sm sl fa ae w hpeuie n h a o es n by oee al i t i i a o cs i r d o t e . r, s t j c pr e jit mto, n w h u a y e l et t p a y r vdsadf n at at s on o na d i ot n st em n, yi l poi e i i t t cl ee d n w ha e s ofnl y a d etil miae a ant h frse biy f ft r i t s ne fi at , n crany itts gi s t e oee ait o uue i l l li a o.Seeg,e r v A bt L b 1 - V 8 1 2 1 W 5 2 3 4 a * i gt n e .. H ny . b o as 2C -4, 0 5 L 7 9 4, t 9 t i , t ., (. . Oi S p 3,2 1)fni g htdf n at olgto t peev ddnt S D ho et 0 0 5( dn t a ee d ns b a n o rsr ei o . i i i s ri ed isl fpan fs ae w hpeu ie o fiue opoe ue hr uvv i sa o litf cs i r dc fr a r t rsct w ee sm i t j l pan f ws ae gat d e efomd isla ddf n at ent ue litf a ltr r ne rl f r i i i sa n ee d n ri s tt d sm i li a o hl)a d npr rvd npr o ohrgo n s 6 1F A p 4 4 6h i gt n od f i a , e i a n t e r u d , 5 . p x 9 (t t i ,f t t 9 C .2 1) Sc n,ft r l i a o w udnth v be r ao al frse be i 0 6 . eo d uuei gt n ol o a e e n es n by oee al r t i bc ue bs d n h rcr bfr t eC utGe k s u ws h ol V P ea s , ae o t e eod eoe h o r r n e si a t e ny R A , t ato a ant H as i t e 4y as i c t esaue a e at d Tid H as c n gi s ert n h 2 er sne h ttt ws nce. h , ert i r h drci e n t r as fi gto o ohr no a o t a s ol h v l dt o a eev d o het oli a n r t e ifrmt n ht h ud a e e i t t i i bleetc ud ae ut e V P l i a o.H as h dnt eev d o m c a e v i ol fc f rhr R A i gt n ert a o rci e s u h s i t i o e r -u lte o i qiy r a ys bc br o r gltr,a d h o e a n pesi e r r n u fom n usr es r e uaos n t e n l w t t r i f t a h dbo gtV P css ers ne t ai ddnt ne d o us e i rm ht a r u h R A ae r peet d htt i oit n t p r u f rhr lim T eGe k mto t cr f h dbe w h a n o mr t a a ut e ca s h r ne o n o et y a e n i dr w fr oe h n . i i t y a b t eim H as m v d od is o sa dn go n s n Ot br f2 1, er y h t e ert o e t i s n t ni g r u d i co e o 0 4 sm a d tl nt n s bc br m d a i qiy r a het oi gt ut t e o tr n sl o o e usr e a e n n u o t r a t li ae nl h Be e i, i r t i l ato wsie. c n af d i l F rhrmr t e y e filto a e e i ti cs r d cst e ut e oe h t p ovoa n l g d n h ae e ue h , i l s frse biy f uuei gto a c pr d o t e t ps fvoa o s T e o r oee ai t oft r li a n s om ae t ohr y e o ilt n h c ut l t i i . i Bo D gBos c e b H as c n dr dh w h nt r o a a e e n o k o o k ,i d y ert o s ee o t e aue f n l g d t , i l voa o a et t ei e ho oli a o. T e o r d tn u h dbt e na ilt n f cs h lkl o d fi gt n h c ut i i gi e e we i f i t i s s sro sacd n o ij r w ee h ij r dpry s o vo sya ae f h e u c et r nuy hr t e nue at i bi u i i l wr ot e i cd n a d wi h sfe u n y o o e b a a si a da iuto w ee h n et n h i r q et fl w d y l w u, n s a n hr t e i c l l t t i l vl fhrm s o e a d h ij r dpry si ey ob c peeyu a ae f e e o a i l wr n t e nue at i lkl t e omltl n wr o t e n dn, n t u sii ls lkl.2 1 W 5 6 9 3 a * . eyn i pr h i c e a d h s u s esi ey 0 5 L 7 9 4, t 7 Rli g n at i t t o ti d tnto, h c ut e ce t eag et htadf n ath dadt t n h i i c nt e o r r et d h r um n t a s s i j ee d n a uy o peev c utre bo s o o i g h rslto o ap o l w u a dbfr t e rsr e o ne i o k fl wn t e eou n f r r a si n eoe h ft l i i t fi g fa us q etato.I. t* – S ia yij r dpr e m yn vr i n o s be u n c n da 7 9 im r , nue at s a e e l i . ll i 1 0 bc ea ae f h d co ue ft e pro aifrmto i voa o ot e eom wr ot e i ls r o hi es nl no a n n ilt n f h s r i i V P , hr b m kn ils frse be ht h y w ud u r gri g u h R A t ee y ai gt es oee al t a t e ol s e e adn s c voa o s ilt n. i I s ,gv n ht r ne wsd is d w hpeuie na on mto, n um i e t a Ge k a i se i r d o jit o n sm t j c i t e a kf t e sisbo gt gi s H as u dr h V P, h as ne f h lc o ohr u r u h a ant ert n e t e R At e be c o t t r as r t e s e f ifrmto i d a n t a si mgt o o ,a d h het o ohr pci no a n ni t g ht u i hfl w n t e ic i ci t l nt r oij r c ue b t ea ee ato ,t ws es n be o H as t ble e aue f nuy a s d y h l g d c n i a r ao al fr ert o e v l i i t a n ft r li a o ws ot c i g Seeg, a ae . Myr Mt. A AU ht o uuei gt n a frhomn. e .. C cc v ee kg(M C t i , C ommr a O s oe C , N 0- V 2 3 ( K( A ) 2 1 W 1 3 3 8 a * ec l f hr o i f ) . o 6 -9 8 KM )G Y , 0 1 L 8 3 3, t 2 . C (. .NY M y1,2 1) r etn ag et htdt t peev c n n e a e S D .. a 2 0 1(e c g r um n t a uy o rsr e ot u d f r j i i t pan f a ddf n atrsl e d pt a ot e g if n em n a dsg e litf n ee d n eov d i ue b u ds n n i g et n i n d i s i r l e sn arem ni 2 0 bc uet ws et ey es n be o df n at t i n g ge et n 0 4 ea s i a n rl r ao al fr ee d ns o c i i blee hta yi grn c ne n e adn pt n aif n em n wsa des d e v t a n lne g o cr r gri g oet l n i g et a drse i i i r b,a d eov d w hnt eie sn arem n a di dn t a dt aoeol y n rsl e i i, h l n g ge et n fni g ht uy rs ny t c i , w e pan f wr e df n at oif n em ni 2 0) Jo br s . Ui d h n litf a n d ee d ns f n i g et n 0 6 os e n v n e i r ; t t Pre Srs I c,1 6F A p 7 3 7 7 6hC .2 0) r etn ag et ht ac ev, n l . . 6 . p x 8, 9 (t i 0 6(e c g r um n t a r j i dt t peev s ri e N v br2 0 ui ng e a c poe dn bc ue uy o rsr e uvv d o em e 0 1 no r v ne rcei g ea s i df n at wsnt nnt e fpt n a ue f vd nea e poe dn , n ee d n a o o o c o oet l s o ei e c f r rcei g a d i i t fni g ht uyddnta s ut pan fii ae si a ant o e eml yr i dn t a dt i o r e nl litf nit d u gi sfrmr po e i i i t t i Jl 2 0) T eC ut a nti d o t e eodbfr i ta H as s ol n uy 0 3 h o r c n ofn , n h rcr eoet ht ert h ud . , h v k o n w e Ge k wsd is d ht ei e c fom ht aei h b a e n w h n r ne a i se t a vd ne r t a cs mgt e sm 1 1 rl v n t ft r li a o.T u , h C ut o cu e t a H as h dn dt t ee at o uuei gt n h s t e o rc n ds ht ert a o uy o t i l peev ei e c rl v n t aV P ca ut Be e wsie o M y 2 ,2 1. rsr e vd ne ee at o R A lim nl o tr a f d n a 1 0 5 i l l E wrs ag et ohr ieaeu a ai g S ehs a e t d ad r um ns t e w s r n vi n. h a fi d o l l d o srt w y H as s ol h v be o nt e f uuei gto,a d a em ntae h ert h ud a e e n n o c oft r l i a n n, s i t i e pan dbl w hs nt a rle o d tn u h be ae a d eot d oa xli e eo , a i se d e d n i i gi al css n rsre t n i s s u pr usv pl yag eta ott e ups o casato s n es a e o c r um n b u h p r oe f ls c n . i i i I s vrl f h cssE wrsie, o rs o n t a adt t peev n e ea ot e ae d ad c sc ut f u d ht uy o rsr e t aoep o t t ei n o a a si bc uedf n at rci e e p c t r as f rs r r o h fi g f l w u ea s ee d ns eev d xl i het o i l t it li a o o h d t e s e f ifrmto s g etn si w u flo .E wrs i gt n r a ohr pci no a n u gs g u ol o w d ad t i ic i i t d l pit t I r N p e I c C prgtLi. 4 2F S p.2 1 6 (N D Cl 2 0) ons o n e as r n o y h i g 6 . u p d 0 0 . . a 0 6 t, . i t , . , i wi h h c ut o n t a a uy opeev s ri e d isl fa2 0 n h t e o rf u d ht dt t rsr e uvv d i sa o c sm 01 l w u a d otn e t r u h h c a si n c n u d ho g t e omm nem n o an w a sii 2 0.I t i e c et f e l w u n 0 3 n t fni g ht uuei gto ws po al e e a e d isl fa er e i dn t aft r li a n a r b be v n f r i sa o n a ir t i , t sm l l w u, h N p e c ut one t an bro i d aos t a t edf n at a si t e as r o r pit d o um e f ni tr ht h ee d n t t c c p n w udb s e a an I. t1 7. Fr x pet ep an f h d om a y ol e u d gi . da 0 0 o e aml h litf a , is e p cl t r ae e t edf n atihi gto i A g s o 2 0 .I. t1 6. xl i y het n d h ee d n w li a n n u ut f 0 1 da 0 9 it t t i F rhrmr df n atwsa ml ii ndlai vso i ab n r p et y ut e oe ee d n a , uimlo o r n etr n a k ut n t t l l i (N ptrt afc d u fomlitf w o wr atvl sei gt rc vr r a se ht ae si r pan f h ee c ey e kn o eo e fom ) t is i sl et n etr.I. t1 7. A o a otay a bfr t e a si a om a y ov ni vsos da 0 0 l , b u s er eoe h l w u c p n t oie sae :[ ] k o w aegi g ogt u d I. t1 6. S ia yi f cr tt d we n w e r on t e s e. da 0 9 im r , n f ll MjrT usI c t e o rf u d htadt aoea ot w y asbfr t e ao o r n , ., h c ut o n t a uy rs lms t o er eoe h fi g f c pan w ee df n at h drci e a e e a ei g pci i n oa omlit hr ee d ns a eev d lt r l gn s e f l t l ic 1 2 voa o ssa n t a t e nue pr e wr etl d o m ntr c p na o, ilt n tt g ht h ij r d at s ee n te t o eay om e st n i , i i i i a d e us n a e p ne n r e t a odi gto. 2 0 W 2 1 6 1 a *. n r q et g rs o s i o dr o vi li a n 0 9 L 4 3 3, t 3 i t i E wrsa o e e o css n wi hadt t peev aoeu o t e d ad l rl s n ae i h s i c uy o rsr e rs p n h ii a o oer eli a o t a c n n e u ut a da e t ei n ot e nit n f a iri gt n ht ot u d p nl n f r h fi g f h t i l t i i i t l c pans n h ato s h c e .T eei cu etno ,2 1 W 5 6 4 a *, omlit i t e c n s e i d hs n d S s n 0 6 L 4 8, t 4 i t l i i wi h h c ut o n t a df n at dt t peev h da s nt oy as n h t e o rf u d ht ee d ns uy o rsr e a r e w er c i bfr 2 1 w eedf n at fc da2 0 l w u w h i niaty im a eoe 0 0 hr ee d ns ae 0 8 a si i sgi c n s i r t t f l l a e a o s T e a irl w u t a t g ee t edt t peev ws n on l gt n. h er e a si ht r gr d h uy o rsr e a o gi g l i l t i w e t e 2 1 S no c pan wsie .I. t*. Nt byt e c ut e ce h n h 0 0 t s n omlit a f d da 4 oal, h o r r et d i l j pan f ag et ht h dt aoe w h h fi g fa er e g e a c, litf r um n t a t e uy rs i t ei n o n a ir r v ne is t l l i bc ue h g e a c clmnt di a ab rto a d[ ] e t eab rto ea s t e r v ne u i ae n n ri a n n wh n h ri a n i t i t i poes n e,a ydt o peevto w udh v e d d w ht I. t 4n3 rcs e d d n uy f rsr a n ol a e n e i i i t . da * .. S ia y E wrs ie t M &T Mrg Cr , n wi h h c ut o n t a a im r , d ad c s o ll t o . op.i h t e o rf u d ht t c dt t peev aoe n1 9 , h n a omlit w h srknl s ia uy o rsr e rs i 9 9 w e c pa n i t t i gy im r i l a e a o s t t e 0 2M &T c pan wsie .2 0 W 2 0 5 5 a *. l gt n o h 2 0 l i omlit a f d 0 7 L 4 3 6, t 5 l H w vrt e a irato –a o e nm n efrem n ato –ws tl n on o e e h er e c n , l i g vr et noc et c n a sl o gi g i i w e t e M &T c pan wsie.I.a *. hn h omlit a f d d t 2 l , E wrsa oc e d t i ap o dc i n fti C utPpi s .K G d ad l i s i a n r r e so o h o r i pn v PM s t c i i s , L P N 1- V 0 7 ( ) J C 2 1 W 4 0 8 9 a * (. .NY Ot 7 2 1 ) L , o 1 -3 7 CM( L ) 0 1 L 7 1 4, t 7 S D .. c , 0 1, . C , . ojc o s vr u d 2 9FR D 2 5 S D ..2 1) I Ppi s ti C utnt d b t n oerl , 7 .. . 4 (. .NY 0 2 ni pn , h o r oe ei e . s t a e e i ag e d , h d t cj d ed ne ap ni g mto t cr f, ht v nf r u n o t e i r t u g ei d e dn o n o et y , si i i df n at w ud tlb o nt e ht vd ne mgtb rl v n t pt n a ee d n ol sl e n o c t a ei e c i h e ee at o oet l i i i 1 3 ft r l i a o a d h s tlh v adt t peev I. t*. H w vr a uuei gt n n t u sl a e uy o rsr e da 7 o e e s t i i . , d c se a t e Ot br2 c nee c Ta srp( T )f e N v br1,2 1, i us d t h co e 6 ofr ne r nc t r ,i d o em e 5 0 7 s , i . l Dt N 2 0 a 5, h c c sa cs n Ppi saefra ed r t oea aye k o 3, t 2t e i umt ne i i pn r a f l fom hs nlz d . . r i hr . T Ppi scs wsbi gatvl li ae a t eim t e omlit ws ee h i pn ae a en c eyi gt d t h t e h c pan a e i t : f e i J n ay f2 1, h mto t crf wsie i Ar o 2 1 , n ti i d n a ur o 0 1t e o n o et y a f d n p lf 0 1 a d h l i i l i s C ut oii n a is e i Ot br f2 1. Ppi s Dt N s1 3,1 6 T e o r s pno ws s u d n co e o 0 1 i pn , k o ., 3 0 . h . cs c ne n d ls f a o o eml ye u dr e ea a d tt l br a s wi h ae o cr e casi t n f poes n e f drl n sae a ol w h ic i , c i t s yis e t a aen a y o satyi gt d F rhrmr, h cs i vl e s o a, s us ht r er c nt n li ae. ut e oet e ae n ov d l l t nto wd a d N wYr cass Ppi s 2 1 W 4 0 8 9 a *,a d h C ut a n i e n e o k lse ,i pn , 0 1 L 7 1 4, t 3 n ti o r i s ws o sdrn t e p cto s fad na o cas etia o ( o o d isl a c n e g h iml a n o i i i i eil f ls cr f t n nt f i sa ic i sm w hpeuie .T u bs d n h c c sa cs ni pn , h C ut o cu e i r d ) h s ae o t e i umt ne i Ppi s ti o r c n d d t j c , r s l t a an br fpt n a ato s ol h v rsle i amto t cr f ws ht um e o oet l c n c ud a e e u df o n o et y a i i t i i d ne. T oec c sa cs r w a m d ifrse be ht h df n at n ei d hs i umt ne ae ht a et oee al t a t e ee d ni r Ppi s ulk H as c ud ae uuei gto. i pn , n e ert ol fc ft r li a n i , t i E wrsc a o t J d eTre s d ad i t n o u g ors ummr j d etdc i n n h cs i ti ay u gm n e so i ti ae s i s a om pae l i lc d. E wrsag e t a i hli g htr ne tle t e ttt o s s d ad r us ht n odn t aGe k o d h saue f l l ia o s . J d eTre ncsa l hl t a t ei n oGe k pt H as o im t n . . u g ors eesr y ed ht h fi g fr ne u ert n ti i l nt e f h ca s n h ato,a d f h ne t peev ei e c c ne nn o c ot e lim i ti c n n ot e e d o rsr e vd ne o cri g i s i t oe lim P R p a 2 E e it eC ut ee o cei tl n a a atri hs ca s l e. t . v nf h o r wr t r d oi g s fco n . . t l c n drn t edt t peev J d eTre f u d htE wr sca ws o e o s e g h uy o rsr e u g ors o n t a d ad lim a tl d i i , l b Ge k ol ut i wsd is d nF b ur 2,2 1.Be e ,2 1 W y r ne ny nl t a i se o er ay 3 0 5 o tr 0 7 L i sm l 3994a *1 9 4 3, t 1. 1 4 Fnly E wrsc ne d t a a a vre u n w l r qieas n cas i a , d ad ot n s ht n d es rl g i e u l i l r bet ls m br t itr e e r oied p ctv l w u s a d wl f n am na y em es o nev n o t f l ul a e a si i i t n i l u d etl l u drmn t e ls ato mc ai . . P M .a 7 H w vr ti n e i e h cas c n e h n i sm . . l em t . o e e h . , s ag et sntpr usv T b cer t eC ut snt o a fni g htadt r um ni o es a e o e l a, h o ri o t d yi dn t a i. uy t peev c udn vr uvv t ed isl fa ae pr clryf t sk o n o rsr e ol e e s ri e h i sa o cs at ua iii n w sm , i l t a m br o apttv cas wii t e wns e d t b n si flo i g h ht em es f ua els a n h i g r a y o r g u o wn t e i t i t l d isl T eC ut iml c n u e tai ti cs o c Ge k ws i sa. h o r s py o c ds h n h ae ne r ne a sm l t s , d is d H as wsnt nnt e f uuei gto t a et n sf cet o i se, ert a o o o c oft r l i a n o n xet ui n t sm i t i fi cet adt t peev T eC ut dc i n h sde nth v t ebo d r ae uy o rsr e h o r s e so t u os o a e h r a . i r i cto s htE wrs u gsstde. amia n t a d ad s g et i os f i B . E a d R q et o P o uto o H as s D c e t dw r s e u s f r r d ci n f e rt o um n Rt ni n Plce a d P o e u e ee to o i s n r c d r s i E wrs e uss ht h C ut t k o o erl H as s beto s ohr d ad r q et t a t e o r sr e r vr ue ert ojc n t e i i R q et o Po uto N 3 ( R q et3 ) wi h e k [] dc et e usfr r d c n o 4 e us 4, h se s al o um ns i . c l c ne nn [H as s pl is poe ue o pat e o rt n o o dsr c o o o cri g ert] o ce rc d rs r rc c fr eet n r et ut n f i , i i i dc et o E Ia a yim fom Dc br2,2 0 t r u hJl 3,2 1, a d o um ns r S t n t e r eem e 0 0 9 ho g uy 1 0 6 n d et H as t po uea rs o sv dc et P M .a 9 S eag e t e i c ert o r d c l e p n e o um ns l em t . h r us h r l i . . dc et s u h aed c vr be e ades f w ehr H as h dadt t o um ns o gt r i o eal r grls o ht e ert a s uy o peev ei e c a e t ed isl fGe k bc ue h dc et ae ee at rsr e vd ne f r h i sa o r ne ea s t e o um ns r rl v n t sm t hr lim a dpo oto at t ene s f h cs P M .a 78 ci gF d o e ca s n r pr nl o h e d ot e ae l em t – ( tn e. i . . i R Cv P 2()1. E wrs ot n s ht h mtra s u h w ud xli t e . i. . 6b ) d ad c n e d t a t e ae l o gt ol e pan h () i as ne f vd ne n h rcr r gri g h ta sm so s f usrbrdt s e be c o ei e c i t e eod e adn t e r n i i n o s bc e aa h s i a ee to pae P M .a 8 l gs o k lc l em t . l . . 1 5 H as wi h a e t b et e s u i d phc ne d t a bc uet h d ert h fi d o r f h is e n et, ot n s ht ea s i a , c l i n l gldt t peev dc et a e Ge k c n u e, h n fr o H as s o e a uy o rsr e o um ns f r r ne o c d dt e a o ir ert t l t i li a o hl nt ea d eae c i gt n od o c n rlt d omm n a o s n r ne c n o ps byb t i i ui t n i Ge k a nt os l e ci i rl v n. . Df M .a 9 I is b c o s oE wrs R q et3, H as dd ee at . . e em t . nt oj t n t d ad e us 4 ert i . ei riea di nlgo n s o o psn po uto,btt ojc o sae seta y a s di o a r u d fr p o g r d c n uis bet n r es n l t i i i il biepae nnt r Ot 1 lte E.2 a 8 9 H as f rhr bet t ti o rlt i aue c 9 e r x , t – ( ert ut e ojcs o h l . . t, s R q et o h et n t ai p r ot t se ifrmto o dc et nt e us t t e xet htt uprs o e k no a n r o um ns o i rl v n t a ypr o a lim rdf ne nP ae2 s usa dntpo oto ae o ee at o n at f ca o ee s o hs is e n o r pr nt t i Pan fs ei aeP ae2d c vr nes.I a di n ot rl v ny litf l gimt hs i t i o ey e d ) n di o t is ee a c s t ojc o, H as ojce t t eim pro ot e e us o t ebs t a t e bet n ert b t d o h t e e d f h r q et n h a s ht h i e i i c pani Be e wsntie ut M y2 1. I. t86 H as a o bet d o omlit n o tr a of d nl a 0 5 da . l l i ert l ojce t s t ebo d a g a e f h r q etca e i t b u dl b r e s e ad h r a l n u g ot e e us lim dt o e n uy ud nom n , , c ne d d ht h r q et e k p v e e ifrmto.I. t9 ot n e t a t e e us se s r i g d no a n da . il i A a he hl mte H as s e p ne oE wrs R q et3 i s t rs od a r ert rs o s t d ad e us 4 s t, u st fcoy Is b c o sd ntpoi ea ybs frt asr o t a t e na satr. t oj t n o o r vd n a s o is set n ht h i ei i i r q et s vry ud nom a dr naol fRl 3, wi h e u e t a apry e usi o e b r e s e n u f u o ue 4 h r qi s ht at l , c r sae w h pci t t ego n s o ojc n t t e e us a da o w ehr tt i s e f iy h r u d fr bet g o h r q et n l t ic i , s ht e a y e p n v mtra aebi g w h ed n h bs ot a ojc o. F d R n rs o s e ae l r en i hl o t e a s f ht bet n e. . i is t i i Cv P 3()2 B – C sea oeg F c e v Fre , N 1- V 1 0 ( A ) i. . 4b ) ) ( ) e l ,.. i hr . ors (( ; s ,s t o 4 -3 4 P E . C ( J) 2 1 W 7 3 9,a * (. .NY F b 2,2 1) A e p ne sa n t a t e A P 0 7 L 7 6 4 t 3 S D .. e. 8 0 7( rs o s tt g ht h , i 6H as dd ge t c n u a e s n b s ac frn n- i l g d o um n ert i are o o d c r ao al er h o o p v e e dc et t e ri s a otpl is npae i c Be e wsie. I. a 8 b u o ce i lc sne o tr a f d d t . i l l , 1 6 r q et aeo e ybo da d n uyb r e s e i m ai gesbiepae W y e uss r vr r a n u dl ud nom s e nnls o rlt h l l . i ib r e s e H w st vrybo d?Ti l n u g tl t eC utnti g) st ud nom? o i i o e l ra h a g a e e s h o r ohn.. s l H as a o hsnt omle w hRl 2, wi h e u e apry w h odn ert l s a oc p d i i t ue 6 h r qi s at i hli g c r t ifrmto a p v ee o s bet o wr- o utpoeto t dsrb t e no a n s r i g d r ujc t o k r d c rtc n o ec e h i il p i i nt r ot edc et a dRl 2. ot eLclRls o t e Uie Sae aue f h o um ns n ue 62 f h oa ue fr h n d tts , t D t c C ut fr h S uhr a dEse n D t cs f N wYr r gri g h i r t o rs o t e ot e n n atr i r t o e o k e adn t e si si asr o o ca o p v ee F d R Cv P 2()5 LclR 2.. set n f lim f r i g i i l . e. . i. . 6b ) oa . 62 (; F rhrmr t eC ut e cs H as sag et ht a a e ut ft ut e oe h o r r et ert r um n t a s rsl oi , j , h vn n peBe e dt t peev t e mtra s u hi a o ir nt ai g o r -o tr uy o rsr e h ae l o gt s fr o o l , i t i rl v n H as s m oa d er no sy o sr eR q et3 a ii wr ol a ee at ert emr n a ro e u c nt u e us 4 sft ee ny . l r q et o l i a o hl nt e a d eae dc et a da o po e y e usfri gt n od o cs n rlt d o um ns n l imr pr t i i , s l as e htt edsr c o o dc et o E I r 2 0 t 2 1 w udb s um t a h et ut n f o um ns r Sfom 0 9 o 0 5 ol e i rl v n t ti ato ol i H as c n n e t h v a e a dt t peev ee at o h c n nyf ert ot u d o a e l gl uy o rsr e s i i ei e c a e Ge k s i isl Df M .a 9 H w vr R q et3 vd ne f r r ne d sa e em t . o e e e us 4 t sm . . , c nemlts mr t a mrl lia o hl nt e a d h C uti d t a t e ot pae oe h n eeyi gt n od o cs n t e o rfn s ht h t i i , mtrai se s s ee at oE wrsca s 7 T eC ut rl v nyi dn i ae lt e k i rl v n t d ad lim i . h o r s ee a c fni g s et eyu rlt d oa ydt t peev ei e c t a mgth v eit dd rn n rl neae t n uy o rsr e vd ne ht i h a e x e u g i s i t ep n e c o ap o ato (r ne . Rt e t eC uti d t a t e mtra h e d ny f r r c nGe k ) ahr h o rfn s ht h ae l i i , i s u hi rl v n t E wrsca s n h ato. I a aea ot H as s o gt s ee at o d ad lim i ti c n n cs b u ert s i 8 7O e x n e aml ot e y e fdc et ht s e p n v t R q et3 a dnt pe f h t p o o um n t ai rs o s e o e us 4 n o i li a o hl-eae i H as s o um n rt n o pl y wi hhsbe i i gt n od lt d s ert dc et eet n o c, h t i r i i c a en n pae i c 2 0,a d wi h H as r prsthsa e d po ue. Lte r lc sne 0 4 n h c ert e ot i a l a y r d c d e r e r t : Pan fs Ot 1 Lte Mto,dt d Ot 2,2 1, Dt N 2 8 a 6 litf c 9 e r o n ae c 3 0 7 k o 0, t . i . t i . . . 8T e e v ny f H as s r a et f o um n a dE I su drcr d y h rl a c o ert tetm n o dc et n Si n esoe b e s J d eTre s u g ors ummr j d etdc i ni wi hs e xrse f uta i n ay u gm n e so, n h i c h e pes d r srt o] [ 1 7 a ee ta sm so s f usrbrdt,h w H as d a w hdc et a dE I l g d r n i i n o s bc e aa o ert el i o um ns n S l s i t t i panyrl v n E wrs m yt eeoese d c vr a ot H as s slil ee at d ad a, hrfr e k i o ey b u ert . , s dc et eeto a ddsr c o,fa y dtn bc t Dc br2,2 0. o um n rt n n n et ut ni n, a g a k o eem e 0 0 99 i i i T u , h C utiet H as t rs o da e t R q et3 i a h s t e o rd cs ert o e p n n w o e us 4 n r c pe e sv m n e a d n ofrm y w h h C ut rln t d ya wl a omr h n e a nr n i c no i i t e o r s u g o a s e s i t t i l w ha p c be a , n ui gRls2 a d3 ot eF drlRls fCv i pl al l wi c dn ue 6 n 4 f h e ea ue o ii t i l l Poe uea dLclCv Rl 2..I p v ee s ob i v k dt e H as m s rc d r n oa ii ue 62 f r i g i t e n o e, h n ert ut l il pe aea d ev ap v ee o. H as s eie rs o s t R q et3 m s b r pr n sr e r i g l g ert r v d e p ne o e us 4 ut e il s sr e n ltr h nJ n ay5 2 1. ev d o ae t a a ur , 0 8 II CON LU ION I . C S Fr h fr gi g es n t eC utc n u e t a o c Ge k ws o t e oe on r ao s h o r o c ds ht ner ne a , l , d is d H as ddnth v adt t peev ei e c rl v n t E wrs i se, ert i o a e uy o rsr e vd ne ee at o d ad sm ca ut t ei n ot e o trc pan. S prtl, h C utiet H as lim nl h fi g f h Be e omlit e aaeyt e o rd cs ert i l l r t rs o da e t R q et3 b J n ay5 2 1 . o e p n n w o e us 4 y a ur , 0 8 SO ORD ED ER . Dt d N wYr, N wYr ae: e o k e o k Dc br1,2 1 eem e 8 0 7 [tt epr e fiue opoi ea l ae rcr. Be e ,2 1 W 3 9 9 4 a a h at s a r t r vd cerr eod o tr 0 7 L 9 4 3, t ] i l l *3 2. 9Ti t efam i j s f d ea s J d eTre f u d h [ ai g no co n h im r e s uti bc ue u g ors o n ta t kn it ac ut s ie t ] t e he-er ttt ol ia o s a yd co ue b Df n at ht c ur d h t re a saue fim t n n i ls rs y ee d n t a oc re y ti , s a e Dc br2,2 0 aeato al Be e ,2 1 W 3 9 9 4 a * 1 f r eem e 0 0 9 r c n be o tr 0 7 L 9 4 3, t 1. t i . l 1 8
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