Gala et al v. Britt et al, No. 2:2010cv00079 - Document 64 (D. Nev. 2010)
Court Description: ORDER Granting with prejudice 15 Motion to Dismiss; DENYING 50 Motion to Vacate; and GRANTING 17 Application for Confirmation of arbitration award (Exhibit 6) and Entry of Judgment filed by Defendants. Case terminated. Signed by Chief Judge Roger L. Hunt on 12/15/2010. (Copies have been distributed pursuant to the NEF - DXS)
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Gala et al v. Britt et al Doc. 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 8 DISTRICT OF NEVADA 9 *** 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 KANTI GALA, an individual; HEMI GALA, an ) individual; GALA WORLDWIDE, INC., a ) Virginia corporation, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) vs. ) ) WILLIAM B. BRITT, an individual; PEGGY ) BRITT, an individual; KANTI GALA (II), an ) individual; BRITT WORLDWIDE, LLC, a ) Nevada limited liability company; TRINITY ) EDUCATIONAL SYSTEMS, LLC, a Nevada ) limited liability company, ) ) Defendants. ) _______________________________________) Case No.: 2:10-cv-00079-RLH-RJJ ORDER (Motion to Dismiss–#15; Application for Confirmation of Arbitration Award and Entry of Judgment–#17; Motion to Vacate–#50) 19 Before the Court is Plaintiff Kanti Gala, Hemi Gala, and Gala Worldwide, Inc.’s 20 21 (collectively “Plaintiffs”) Motion to Dismiss (#15), filed June 21, 2010. Also before the Court is 22 Defendants William B. Britt, Peggy Britt, Kanti Gala (II)1, Britt World Wide, LLC (“BWW”), and 23 Trinity Educational Systems, LLC’s (“Trinity”) (collectively “Defendants”) Application for 24 Confirmation of Arbitration Award and Entry of Judgment (#17), filed June 21, 2010. Also 25 26 AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 1 Kanti Gala (II) is a different party than Kanti Gala. The two are not related. 1 Dockets.Justia.com 1 before the Court is Plaintiffs’ Motion to Vacate (#50), filed October 28, 2010. The Court has also 2 considered the various responses, replies, joinders, and errata filed by Plaintiffs and Defendants. 3 In addition, the Court heard the parties’ oral arguments relating to these motions on December 1, 4 2010. 5 6 BACKGROUND The parties are Independent Business Operators (IBOs) and companies involved in 7 the Amway distribution business. The Galas are in the Line of Sponsorship of the Britts. Britt 8 Worldwide, LLC, is a Nevada business entity established by the Britts, which the Galas joined by 9 invitation in 2002. Trinity is also a Nevada LLC formed by the Britts as part of their Amway 10 related business. A dispute arose between the Britts and the Galas, and the Galas filed a Demand 11 for Arbitration under the Amway Global Rules of Conduct (“Amway Rules”) and selected an 12 arbitrator. During the course of the arbitration proceedings, the arbitrator determined that the 13 proceedings should proceed under the arbitration rules of the Britt Worldwide operating 14 agreement, which uses the AAA rules. Under the AAA rules, the arbitrator allowed the Britts to 15 bring counterclaims in the arbitration that would have been time barred under the Amway Rules. 16 After these determinations by the arbitrator, the Galas, adding various parties as 17 plaintiffs and defendants, sought relief in this Court. They filed a Motion to Stay (Dkt. #4, Feb. 18 22, 2010), which the Court denied in its Order (Dkt. #19), dated June 28, 2010. Therefore, the 19 arbitration was never stayed. In the interim, however, the Galas decided to stop participating in 20 the arbitration proceedings that they had initiated. The Galas did not even present argument at the 21 arbitration hearing when the arbitrator invited them to argue in favor of postponing the 22 proceedings. Thus, the arbitrator did not stop the proceedings and continued to adjudicate the 23 dispute between the Britts and the Galas without the Galas participating. 24 A final arbitration hearing was conducted on March 1, 2010. On March 12, the 25 arbitrator entered a Interim Award (Dkt. #17, Ex. 5). This Interim Award again invited the parties 26 to argue against the entry of the Interim Award as a Final Award by a specific date. The Galas AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 2 1 failed to do so. The arbitrator entered a Final Award on March 29 (Dkt. #17, Ex. 6). This Final 2 Award dismissed the Galas’ claims with prejudice, granted $5,184,099.77 in damages to the 3 Britts’ on their counterclaims, and awarded costs of $5,500.00 to the Britts’ because the Galas’ 4 ceased paying their share of the arbitration fees and the Britts covered those expenses. 5 The Defendants filed both their Motion to Dismiss (#15) and their Application for 6 Confirmation of Arbitration Award and Entry of Judgment (#17) with this Court on June 21, 2010, 7 following the arbitrator’s entry of the Final Award. Plaintiffs opposed these motions on July 9, 8 and asked the Court to treat their opposition as a motion to vacate. Plaintiffs later brought an 9 actual Motion to Vacate (#50) on October 28. The Court held a hearing on the motions on 10 December 1, 2010. For the reasons stated below, the Court grants Defendants’ motion and 11 application and denies Plaintiffs’ motion. 12 13 DISCUSSION I. Motion to Dismiss 14 Defendants argue that the Plaintiffs’ claims should be dismissed for three reasons. 15 First, Defendants argue that the Court does not have jurisdiction over the individual defendants 16 William Britt, Peggy Britt, or Kanti Gala (II) (collectively “individual Defendants”). As will be 17 explained below, the Court disagrees. Second, Defendants argue that Plaintiffs failed to 18 adequately plead their claims in their complaint. Here, the Court agrees and dismisses Plaintiffs 19 claims on this basis. Third, Defendants argue that Trinity should be dismissed because Plaintiffs’ 20 make no claims explicitly against it. Because the Court otherwise dismisses Plaintiffs’ claims, this 21 third argument is moot. 22 A. Personal Jurisdiction 23 1. 24 Rule 12(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that a court may Legal Standard 25 dismiss a complaint for “lack of jurisdiction over the person.” “Where a defendant moves to 26 dismiss a complaint for lack of personal jurisdiction, the plaintiff bears the burden of AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 3 1 demonstrating that jurisdiction is appropriate.” Schwarzenegger v. Fred Martin Motor Co., 374 2 F.3d 797, 800 (9th Cir. 2004). A court evaluating such a motion may consider evidence presented 3 in affidavits to assist in its determination and may order discovery on the jurisdictional issues. 4 Data Disc, Inc. v. Systems Tech. Assoc., Inc., 557 F.2d 1280, 1285 (9th Cir. 1977). Where a court 5 proceeds on the basis of affidavits and without discovery and an evidentiary hearing, “the plaintiff 6 need only make a prima facie showing of jurisdiction to avoid the defendant’s motion to dismiss,” 7 that is, demonstrate facts that, if true, would support jurisdiction over the defendant. Harris 8 Rutsky & Co. Ins. Services, Inc. v. Bell & Clements Ltd., 328 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 2003). 9 “Conflicts between parties over statements contained in affidavits must be resolved in the 10 plaintiff’s favor.” Fred Martin Motor Co., 374 F.3d at 800. 11 The Ninth Circuit has established a two-step test to determine the propriety of 12 asserting personal jurisdiction over an out-of-state defendant. The plaintiff must first demonstrate 13 that personal jurisdiction is: (1) permitted under the applicable state’s long-arm statute; and (2) 14 that the exercise of jurisdiction does not violate federal due process. Pebble Beach Co. v. Caddy, 15 453 F.3d 1151, 1154 (9th Cir. 2006). Because Nevada’s long-arm statute reaches to the full limits 16 of due process, this Court need only decide whether the exercise of personal jurisdiction will 17 comport with the constitutional requirements of due process. Hoag v. Sweetwater Int’l, 857 18 F.Supp. 1420, 1424 (D. Nev. 1994). Additionally, the Court must analyze whether personal 19 jurisdiction exists over each defendant separately. Harris Rutsky, 328 F.3d at 1130 (9th Cir. 20 2003). 21 Under the U.S. Constitution, an out-of-state defendant must have “minimum 22 contacts” with the forum state so that the exercise of jurisdiction does not offend “traditional 23 notions of fair play and substantial justice.” Int’l Shoe Co. v. Washington, 326 U.S. 310, 316 24 (1945). The minimum contacts analysis requires a court to determine whether the nonresident 25 defendant “has purposefully avail[ed] itself of the privilege of conducting activities within the 26 / AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 4 1 forum state, thus invoking the benefits and protection of its laws.” Burger King Corp. v. 2 Rudzewicz, 471 U.S. 462, 475 (1985) (citation omitted). 3 2. 4 There are two types of personal jurisdiction that a court may have over a non- General Jurisdiction 5 resident defendant: general jurisdiction and specific jurisdiction. Helicopteros Nacionales de 6 Columbia, S.A. v. Hall, 466 U.S. 408, 414–15 (1984); see also Reebok Int’l Ltd. v. McLaughlin, 49 7 F.3d 1387, 1389 (9th Cir. 1995). 8 A court may exercise general jurisdiction over a nonresident defendant only if the 9 defendant’s purposeful contacts with the forum state are “continuous and systematic.” 10 Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414–16. In such a case, it is not necessary that the specific cause of 11 action alleged be connected with the defendant’s business relationship to the forum because 12 “[g]eneral jurisdiction provides for jurisdiction without consideration of the claim asserted, if a 13 defendant’s activities in the forum state can fairly be characterized as ‘continuous and 14 systematic.’” Graziose v. American Home Products Corp., 161 F.Supp.2d 1149, 1152 (D. Nev. 15 2001) (citing Helicopteros, 466 U.S. at 414). 16 The individual Defendants argue that they do not have substantial or continuous 17 and systematic personal contacts with Nevada. (Defendants do not dispute jurisdiction over the 18 LLC Defendants.) As part of this assertion, they explain that they have no bank accounts, personal 19 property, residences, offices, or addresses in Nevada and that they have never lived in Nevada. 20 They further argue that they have only been in the state a few times over the last ten years for 21 pleasure and Amway conventions. What they fail to mention is that Bill and Peggy Britt formed 22 15 different business entities in Nevada between 1993 and 2005. (Dkt. #63, Supplement Mot., 23 Dec. 6, 2010.) This includes the Defendants BWW and Trinity. (Id.) Eight of these entities are 24 still active. (Id.) Kanti Gala II is or was a managing member of two Nevada LLCs, including 25 BWW. (Id.) Whereas membership in a single LLC or being a director of a single corporation may 26 not constitute sufficient contact with Nevada, the Court finds that their repetitive use of Nevada’s AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 5 1 corporate laws to create and manage business entities represents sufficiently continuous and 2 systematic contact with Nevada for the Court to exercise general jurisdiction over these individual 3 Defendants. Because the Court has general jurisdiction over the individual Defendants, the Court 4 need not address whether it has specific jurisdiction over the same Defendants. 5 B. Failure to State Valid Claims 6 1. 7 A court may dismiss a plaintiff’s complaint for “failure to state a claim upon which 8 relief can be granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6). A properly pled complaint must provide “a short 9 and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 10 8(a)(2); Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007). While Rule 8 does not require 11 detailed factual allegations, it demands “more than labels and conclusions” or a “formulaic 12 recitation of the elements of a cause of action.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) 13 (citing Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 286 (1986)). “Factual allegations must be enough to rise 14 above the speculative level.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. Thus, to survive a motion to dismiss, a 15 complaint must contain sufficient factual matter to “state a claim to relief that is plausible on its 16 face.” Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1949 (internal citation omitted). 17 Legal Standard In Iqbal, the Supreme Court clarified the two-step approach district courts are to 18 apply when considering motions to dismiss. First, a district court must accept as true all well-pled 19 factual allegations in the complaint; however, legal conclusions are not entitled to the assumption 20 of truth. Id. at 1950. Mere recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported only by 21 conclusory statements, do not suffice. Id. at 1949. Second, a district court must consider whether 22 the factual allegations in the complaint allege a plausible claim for relief. Id. at 1950. A claim is 23 facially plausible when the plaintiff’s complaint alleges facts that allows the court to draw a 24 reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the alleged misconduct. Id. at 1949. Where 25 the complaint does not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of misconduct, the 26 complaint has “alleged—but not shown—that the pleader is entitled to relief.” Id. (internal AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 6 1 quotation marks omitted). When the claims in a complaint have not crossed the line from 2 conceivable to plausible, plaintiff’s complaint must be dismissed. Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570. 3 2. 4 As explained below, Plaintiffs have not met their pleading burden on their claims Analysis 5 for fraudulent inducement or defamation. Therefore the Court dismisses these claims. Also, 6 because of the underlying arbitration and the apparent attempt to bypass the prior arbitration 7 decisions with this lawsuit, the Court dismisses these claims with prejudice. The Court also 8 dismisses Plaintiffs remaining claims because of the underlying arbitration. 9 i. 10 Fraudulent Inducement The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require particularity when pleading fraud. 11 Fed. R. Civ. P. 9(b). Pleading fraud with particularity requires “an account of the time, place, and 12 specific content of the false representations, as well as the identities of the parties to the 13 misrepresentations.” Swartz v. KPMG, LLP, 476 F.3d 756, 764 (9th Cir. 2007). A plaintiff must 14 also describe “what is false or misleading about a statement, and why it is false.” In re Glenfeld, 15 Inc. Sec. Litig., 42 F.3d 1541, 1548 (9th Cir. 1994). Finally, “[t]he role of each defendant in the 16 alleged fraudulent activities should be specified.” Arroyo v. Wheat, 591 F. Supp. 136, 139 (D. 17 Nev. 1984). 18 The Plaintiffs failed to plead their fraudulent inducement claim with the requisite 19 particularity. Plaintiffs do not indicate the time and place where the alleged statements were made. 20 They do not explain how the alleged statements were false or misleading. Plaintiffs do not even 21 allege who made the statements but merely allege generally that the “Defendants” did so. Because 22 Plaintiffs have not met the requirements of Rule 9(b) and the reasons stated above the Court 23 dismisses their fraudulent inducement claim with prejudice. 24 25 26 AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) ii. Defamation In Nevada, a defamation claim requires that the plaintiff allege: (1) a false and defamatory statement of fact by the defendant concerning the plaintiff; (2) an unprivileged 7 1 publication to a third person; (3) fault, amounting to at least negligence; and (4) actual or 2 presumed damages. Showdry v. NLVH, 851 P.2d 459, 462 (Nev. 1993). A plaintiff must plead 3 these elements with factual specificity in order to withstand a motion to dismiss. See Blank v. 4 Hager, 360 F.Supp.2d 1137, 1160 (D. Nev. 2005) (dismissing a defamation claim for failing to 5 identify when and to whom the defendant allegedly made the defamatory statements). However, 6 “[i]f the defamation tends to injure the plaintiff in his or her business or profession, it is deemed 7 defamation per se, and damages will be presumed.” Showdry, 851 P.2d at 462. Essentially, a 8 complaint is insufficient to withstand a 12(b)(6) attack where the complaint does not set forth facts 9 beyond mere allegation indicating what defamatory statements were made, when they were made, 10 who made them, or to whom they were made. 11 Plaintiffs do not allege the requisite elements for a defamation claim. Plaintiffs 12 failed to state what allegedly defamatory statements Defendants made, which of the Defendants 13 made the statements, or to whom the Defendants made the statements. The complaint merely 14 contains conclusory statements that “Defendants knowingly made false and defamatory statements 15 about Plaintiffs to individuals and IBOs in Plaintiffs’ down-line network” and that such 16 “statements included false and disparaging remarks about Plaintiffs’ business practices, 17 commitment to customers, and financial transactions.” (Dkt. #1, Compl. ¶¶ 56–57). Such cursory 18 and generalized allegations cannot support a defamation claim. For these and the above stated 19 reasons, the Court dismisses the claim with prejudice. 20 iii. 21 Plaintiffs remaining claims are for breach of contract, breach of the implied Remaining Claims 22 covenant of good faith and fair dealing, wrongful termination, and unjust enrichment. These 23 claims directly relate to the underlying arbitration and the matters settled in that arbitration. As 24 further explained below, these matters were settled by the arbitration and the confirmation of the 25 arbitration award which the Court now grants. As such, they are not properly brought here and the 26 Court dismisses the remaining claims with prejudice. AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 8 1 II. 2 Motion to Vacate A. 3 Time Bar The Plaintiffs’ request to vacate the arbitration award is time-barred and therefore 4 fails. Under the Federal Arbitration Act a party has three months from the entry of a final award in 5 an arbitration to serve a motion to vacate, modify, or correct such award. 9 U.S.C. § 12. The 6 Ninth Circuit has held that “an unsuccessful party at arbitration who did not move to vacate the 7 award within the prescribed time may not subsequently raise, as affirmative defenses in a suit to 8 enforce the award, contentions that it could have raised in a timely petition to vacate the award.” 9 Brotherhood of Teamsters and Auto Truck Drivers Local No. 70 of Alameda Cnty v. Celotex 10 Corp., 708 F.2d 488, 490 (9th Cir. 1983); see also Sheet Metal Workers’ Int’l Ass’n, Local No. 11 252 v. Standard Sheet Metal, Inc., 699 F.2d 481, 483 (9th Cir. 1983). “A motion to vacate an 12 arbitration award after the three months prescribed time is not permitted, even if filed as part of an 13 opposition to a motion to confirm an arbitration award or to assert new claims.” Romero v. 14 Citibank USA, National Ass’n, 551 F.Supp.2d 1010, 1013 (C.D. Cal. 2008) (citing Brotherhood of 15 Teamsters, 708 F.2d at 490). 16 Plaintiffs did not meet the statutory time requirements to vacate the arbitration 17 award. The arbitrator entered a Final Award on March 29, 2010. The Plaintiffs did not directly 18 contest this award until their July 9, 2010 Objection (#21), and did not file an actual Motion to 19 Vacate (#50) until October 28, 2010. Both of these filings came more than three months after the 20 award was entered. Each argument Plaintiffs present to the Court for vacating the award could 21 have been raised in a timely fashion, but was not. The Plaintiffs also argue that their Motion to 22 Stay (#4) should be considered a motion to vacate or that the Court should convert it into a motion 23 to vacate because in their Reply they asked the Court to “set aside any proceedings that occurred 24 since the date of the filing of this action.” (Dkt. #7, March 22, 2010). The Court disagrees. The 25 Court denied the Motion to Stay and therefore denied any requests within the motion and the 26 / AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 9 1 Reply. Therefore, the Court finds that the arguments in the opposition and the Motion to Vacate 2 are time barred. 3 B. Plaintiffs Substantive Arguments to Vacate the Award 4 As stated above, Plaintiffs’ Motion to Vacate is time barred. Nonetheless, even if 5 the Motion to Vacate was not time barred, Plaintiffs’ substantive arguments still fail. The Court 6 will briefly address some of these arguments. 7 i. 8 Plaintiffs argue that the Defendants should not be entitled to enforce the arbitration Failure to Participate 9 award because there was no hearing, no discovery, and no arbitration on the merits. The essence 10 of this argument may be true, though there were some hearings and briefing in the arbitration, 11 however, the argument is immaterial. The only reason that none of this occurred is because 12 Plaintiffs unilaterally decided to cease participating in the arbitration after they received an 13 unfavorable ruling from the arbitrator. Plaintiffs then decided to come to this Court and abandon 14 the arbitration proceedings hoping to be more successful here. While Plaintiffs’ Motion to Stay 15 (#4) was pending the arbitrator was under no duty to halt his proceedings. However, Plaintiffs 16 were still obligated to participate. They did not. This choice is not reason to deny confirmation or 17 vacate the award. Further, the Court determined in its Order (#19) denying the Motion to Stay that 18 the arbitrator acted within his jurisdiction when he proceeded under the BWW operating 19 agreement arbitration clause rather than Amway Rule 11. Therefore, any arguments about whether 20 the arbitrator exceeded his authority in proceeding under the BWW arbitration clause are 21 foreclosed. 22 ii. 23 The Galas also rely on a recent Ninth Circuit case, Pokorny v. Quixtar, Inc., 601 24 F.3d 987 (9th Cir. 2010), in arguing that the arbitration was unconscionable and any decision in 25 the arbitration should be overturned. As the Court previously explained, these arguments are both 26 untimely and substantively flawed. Pokorny dealt with the Quixtar/Amway arbitration rules, the AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) Unconscionability 10 1 same rules that Plaintiffs wanted to use in their arbitration. In Pokorny, however, the plaintiffs 2 originally filed their action in the district court. The Pokorny defendants, including the William 3 and Peggy Britt who are defendants in this case, then sought to compel arbitration. Here, Plaintiffs 4 brought the arbitration proceedings and tried to get out of arbitration only after obtaining what 5 they considered negative rulings. Further, Pokorny’s finding of unconscionability is inapplicable here because of the 6 7 parties relative bargaining power. The Pokorny decision relied on the fact that the dispute was 8 between Quixtar and Junior IBOs. Here, the dispute is between two groups of high-level IBOs and 9 business entities that they created. Particularly, the parties who agreed to the BWW Operating 10 Agreement, which contained the arbitration clause actually used by the arbitrator, enjoyed 11 relatively equal bargaining power. Although the BWW Operating Agreement may have been 12 proposed as a take-it-or-leave-it deal, it was entered into by sophisticated business parties––not 13 between a global corporation and ordinary consumers seeking to be IBOs like in Pokorny. Also, 14 the “bilaterality” discussion in Pokorny is inapplicable here. Unlike Pokorny where the 15 Quixtar/Amway Rules were not equally applicable to Quixtar and the lower level IBOs, here the 16 rules are equally applicable between the parties in this case, who are all high level IBOs. In 17 addition, the arbitration clause in the BWW Operating Agreement, which the arbitrator applied, is 18 bilateral and equally enforceable and applicable to each party. Therefore, the analysis in Pokorny 19 is inapplicable in this case. Consequently, the Court finds no unconscionability present to overturn 20 the arbitration agreement. 21 III. Application for Confirmation 22 BWW’s Application for Confirmation of the Arbitration Award (#17) satisfies all 23 applicable statutory requirements for confirmation of an arbitration award. A party may apply to 24 the court for an order confirming an arbitration award anytime within one year after the award is 25 made. 9 U.S.C. § 9. Although a party is not required to do so, if it does apply for confirmation, 26 “the court must grant such an order unless the award is vacated, modified, or corrected as AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 11 1 prescribed in [9 U.S.C. §§ 10–11].” 9 U.S.C. § 9. BWW’s application was timely and met the 2 statutory requirements for an application. See 9 U.S.C. §§ 9–13 (providing the requirements for 3 confirmation of an arbitration award). Plaintiffs do not make any viable arguments against entry 4 of the award and those arguments that they do make will be addressed below in the section on 5 Plaintiffs’ Motion to Vacate. Therefore, the Court grants the application and confirms the award. 6 CONCLUSION 7 Accordingly, and for good cause appearing, 8 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss (#15) is 9 GRANTED with prejudice. 10 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Plaintiffs’ Motion to Vacate (#50) is DENIED. 11 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that Defendants’ Application for Confirmation (#17) 12 13 is GRANTED and the arbitration award entered on March 29, 2009 (#17, Ex. 6) is confirmed. Dated: December 15, 2010. 14 15 ____________________________________ ROGER L. HUNT Chief United States District Judge 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 AO 72 (Rev. 8/82) 12
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