-GWF Voggenthaler, et al., v. Maryland Square, LLC, et al.,, No. 2:2008cv01618 - Document 642 (D. Nev. 2011)
Court Description: ORDER Granting 332 Hoyt's Motion to Dismiss, 472 Supplement to Motion to Dismiss, and 463 and 473 Bowe Permac, Inc.'s Joinders. Hoyt and Bowe are terminated as parties to this litigation. Signed by Judge Robert C. Jones on 2/4/11. (Copies have been distributed pursuant to the NEF - EDS)
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4 % i . l 2 3 4 5 6 UN I TED STATES DISTRICT CO U RT 7 DI STRI O F NEVAD A CT 8 PETER J VQGGENTHALER,e a. . t I, 9 1 0 ll 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 I 8 1 9 -GWF Voggenthaler, et al., v. Maryland Square, LLC, et al., 20 ) ) Pl ntfs ai if, ) ) v. ) ) MARYLAND SQUARE,LLC,e al t . , ') ) Def da s en nt. ) ) ) M ARYLAND SQUARE, LLC, ta. e l, ) ) ThidParfPli if, r t antfs ) ) v. ) ) GENERAL GROW TH M ANAGEM ENT,m C. ) , af einc poai ,e al or g or rton t . ) ) ThidPat Dee da s r ry fn nt. ) ) ) 2: CV- 61 RCJGW F 08- 1 8- - ORDER Doc. 642 Thi ca e se s fom ale e PCE con a i a i f om a dr cl a ng f c lt t top a e i a s s tm r lg d t m n ton r y e ni a iiy ha cr t d n i ' 21 s ppi ce tri la Ve s Ne da OnJ y22, 0 t Co te ee a Ore ( 90)grntng ho ng ne n -s ga, va . ul 201 ,he ur ntrd n d r #3 ai 22 Pli if s antfs ummayj r udgme to t i Re o c sConsr aina Re oveyAc (% n n her s ure e v to nd c r t ç RCRA', U. C. ' 42 S. ) 23 j 6 a( )B) cai TheCour e ee aPe ma ntI un i ( )on t RCRA cam on 972()1( , l m. t ntrd r ne nj cton #592 he li 24 Decem ber27,201 1 0. 25 I add ton t Pl ntf s RCRA c us ofac i t r ha be n num e ou c os - a m s a n ii o ai if ' a e ton, he e ve e r s r s cli nd 26 t r pa t c a m s f l d. Cur t ty bef t t e Co t i Thid Pary De e ntHoytCor a i s hid- ry l i ie rnl or h ur s r t f nda por ton' 27 2 8 l Th Co tsor rgr tngs e yr' de ani ummayj dgme o t RCRA c us ofa tona dt enr o r u nt n he a e ci n he ty f tepe n ntil tona ecu r ntyo a a t t Ni hCic tCou t Appe l.( eAme de h nna e n unci r re l n ppe l o he nt r ui r of as Se n d No ieo Ap e l# 0 )a dNoico Ap e l/ 9 ), t f p a ( 6 2 n tc f p a (/ 2 ) c 5 Dockets.Justia.com 1 1 1 ' , 1 * 1 (t ' Moton t DimisThid Pat Compl nt( 2)fld o J ne 2,201 2 Hoyttld a $ ' i o s s r ry Hoyt) ai #33 ie n u 0. ie , 2 Su e tt isMoto t Dimis( )on Se embe 28,201 Thid Pa t Dee a Bo pplmen o t in o s s #472 pt r 0. r ry fnd nt we . 3 Pema ,l (t ' fld aJ nde ( )t HoytsMoton t Dimisa aJ n r(/ 3)t r c nc. d Bowe' ie oi r #463 o ) ' i o s s nd oide / 47 o ! 4 Ho ' Sup cme t Fort f l ngr s ,t Cour GRANTSt Motont Dimis( 0) yts pl n. he olowi eaons he t he i o s s #39 . 5 1 Background . 6 O n Sept ber 3,2010,M ar and Squar Shoppi Cent ,LLC,The Her a KihnerTrust em yl e ng er m n s . 7 DBA M ar a Squa eSho ng Ce e , r nK il e , ery En l a Ba ofAm e i , Tr t e yl nd r ppi nt r l wi sm r J r ge , nd nk rca as use s 8 f t Her n Kih rTr s ( olc tveyr f rdt he ena t 'û s rDefnda s) fldaFis or he ma s ne u t c lc i l eere o r i s he t ihne e nt' ie l rt 9 Ame dThid Pal Compant(447 i t sa i ' TheFis Ame de Thid Pa t Compli nde r ly li # ) n hi cton. rt n d r ry ant l0 prm arl ars undert Com pr i iy ies he ehensi Envionm ent Response,Com pens i and Li lt Act ve r al aton abiiy 11 (S C CERCLA' , U. C.j9607.TheKihne Dee nt na d,a ' 42 S. ) s r fnda s me mongot r,Ho Cor ain hes yt porto 1 (' !' asat r pa t de e a a i ntfe Hoyt a ' qui nts ir' Ac or ng t t 2 ' ') Hoy hid- ry f nd nt nd dc iis as n t pme upple . c di o he e ' l3 FistAm ended Tbid Part Com pl nt Hoyti acor aton 't s r r y ai , s por i dhat uppled m at i and equi entt i eral pm o 1 La Ve sNe daf tepur s so adr ce ni opeai '( rtAm. hidPa t Co .#447 4 s ga , va orh po e f y la ng rton. Fis - r ry mpl( ) ' f 1 a 56) TheFis Amen dThidPat Compli sae t tt Sha r Defnda sa s c so 5 t- . rt de r ry ant tts ha he pio e nt nd uc es r 1 enttes who oper ed t dr cl ner Sused equi ents tcaly desi 6 ii at he y ca s l pm pecii l gned f t pur es ofdl or he pos ' y 1 cl nig o ato .' I at9.Thi e p ntwaspr d d by va i s e ii i l ng Hoytai 7 ea n per ins' d. s quime ovie rou nttes ncudi ld 1 Bowe. l l t e Fis A m e ed Thid Pa t Com pl i ,t Kihne Def nda s sa e'h t t 8 d. n h r t nd r ry a nt he s r e nt t t t a he 1 equi entpr ded by Hoytand ot enttes tdi notoper e pr l ' I The al sat t t 9 pm ovi her ii s d at opery.' d. y so t e hat he 20 equi entçw a des gned i pr l ' and t t enttest pr ded t equi entddi nott pm ' s i m opery,' hat he ii hat ovi he pm çd ake 21 r onabl car i desi ng t equi entt pr ectagai s lsand/ ot acci alr cas of eas e en gni he pm o ot nst pil or her dent el es 22 PCE orot hazar her dousm at i s.' 1 As ar ul oft f egoi t Ki eral ' d. es t he or ng, he shnerDef endant s at t s t e hat 23 t have been hanned. I at 1 The Fi tA m ended Thid Pary Com pl ntas t f caus of hcy d. 0. rs r t ai sers our es 24 25 2 An i ntca m oton wa f l d i Ca e No. 3: c - - - W F on J 25 201 Tha de i l i s ie n s : 09- v 231 RCJ G une , 0. t c s c s i tdwiht smat onJ y22,2 0.( eMiut Orer(/ ). a e on oldae t hi ter ul 01 Se n e d /77) 26 3TheFistAm ended Thid ParyCom pl ntsupers r r t ai edesand r l t Thid Pary Com pl nt ep aces he r t ai 27 pr ousyfl Thcalegatonsr atngt Hoytand Bow ei t Fis A m endedThid Parycom pl nt evi l ied. l i el i o n he r t r t ai ar i i t t i talThid Pary Com pl nt exceptt t Thid Pary Pl ntfs have added a e dentcal o he nii r t ai , hat he r t ai if 28 cl m f neglgcnce agai aI Thid Pary Dcf ai or i nst I r t endant Hoytfl a Suppl entt is M oton t s. ied em o t i o D im is addr i t new cl m . Bowe f l a Joi s s essng he ai ied ndert Hoyts Suppl ent o , em . 2 ' , , - ( ' j 1 I 1 . l a tona i t t ndBo ( )Re oveyofRes ns CossPuru ntoCERCLA 9l 7()14)B) ci gans Hoy a we:1 c r po e t s a t 0 a(- ( , ' 2 ( Conrb inPus n t CERCLA j1 9,( De lrt yReif a d()Ne i n e. 2) tiuto rua t o 3( .3) caaor le; n 4 glge c 3 I . Le St I gal andar d 4 W h nc i rngaRue1 b)6)motont dimisf fiur t sat acli t c t t e onsdei l 2( ( i o s s or al e o t e' am,he ourmus 1 5 acceptast aI m at i alegatons i t com pl ntasw el asa1 r onabl i er est m ay be rue l eral l i n he ai l l eas e nf enc hat 6 dr fom such alegatons. awn r l i i LO.t..t h25 .d14,10(tCi20)Sc algtn S LdvSr ,0 F3 1615 9h r 00. uh l aos o . e 7 m us becons r i t lghtm os f abl t t nonm ovi t t ued n he i t avor e o he ngpar y.Shwar Unied St es, F. t zv. t at 234 3d 8 428, 5( hCi. 00 .l ge rltec r s ul o ylokt t co e softec antd i 43 9t r2 0) n nea,h ou t ho d nl o o he ntnt h ompli urng 9 isrvi ofaRul 1 b)6)moint dimis TheNi hCic tbo ve, se nde t co ts t e ew e 2( ( to o s s. nt rui, wc rha xpa d he ur' 10 vi t alow i t consderdocum ent atached t t com pl nt docum ent i por ed by r er cw o l t o i s t o he ai , s ncor at ef ence 1 i t c antormateso j cil iewihout onvetn t motoni oamotonf s 1 n he ompli , tr fudi a notc t c rig he i nt i or ummay ! 1 j gme .Se Dur nav.Fis Boso Co .81 F. 1 5,1 67( hCi.l 7) 2 ud nt e ni rt tn m , 5 2d 26 2 9t r 98 , 1 3 Thea lssa dpur eofaRul 1 b)6 motont dimisf fiur t saeacam i t nay i n pos e 2( () i o s s or al e o tt li s o 1 ts t lga s tcinc ofac ant Na rov. oc 25 F. 729, ( hCi. 001.Thec t 4 ethe e l ufi e y ompli . var Bl k, 0 3d 732 9t r2 ) our l5 s d exer s cauton,how ever, pr houl cie i and esum e agai dim isi an acton f f l et st e acl m . nst s s ng i or aiur o at ai 1 Se Gilaa v.J mc Dc Com. 1 F. 2 249 ( h Ci.1 . To av d a Rul l b)6) 6 e li n a o v. , 08 3d 46, 9t r 997) oi e 2( ( 1 dim i al t 7 s ss , hen,a com pl ntdoes notneed det l f ai aied acmalalegatons'r her i m us pl Senough l i , at , t t ead t 1 f t t sa eac ai t r le t ti pl us bl on isf c ' Cl m e v. m l r 8 ac s o t t l m o e i f ha s a i e t a e. e ns Dai e cha s e Com .53 F. d ' lr . 4 3 l 1 7,1 ( hCi. lquoi Bel lntcCom. Two y, 0U. 5 555,1 S. . 955 9 01 022 9t rzoost tng lAta i v. mbl 55 S. 44, 27 Ct1 , 20 1 64( ) As coh v.Ibal 9 2007* h r , q , U. S. ,1 S. .1 1 ( oglsai t t1acam h 29 Ct 937, 949 zo tttng ha d li as 2l f alpl biiy w hen t pl ntf pl aci ausi lt he ai if eadsf ualcont t alowst courtt df t r onabl act ent hat l he o aw he eu e 22 i e e cc t tt de e nti la e f t mic ctale d' . Eve t gh S t ld f cua nf r n ha he fnda s ibl or he s ondu lge ' ) n hou ç aie a t l de 23 al ains'aenotrquie f ac antt pa smuse un r1 b ( c i rton,t fcua leg to ' r e rd or ompli o s tr de 2()6) onsdeai he a t l 24 alegatonsçm ustbeenough t r s arghtt r i abovet specul i l ,on t as um pton t l i s o aie i o elef he atve evel he s i hat 25 alteal to i tec antaetu ( nidoubtuli fcl' Twombl 55 U. at555 $ 1h legains n h ompli r r e eve f f n a t. ' v, 0 S. .ç A 26 pl ng t ofer tabel and concl ons'or S f m ul c r t i oft el ent ofa caus of eadi hat f s l s usi a or ai eciaton he em s e 27 a ton w ilnotdo.' l l ci l ' qba , U. S. ,1 9 S. .1 , 1 2 Ct 937 949. ' do a c pl i s fc i i t Nor es om a nt uf i e f t 28 t dest ke a srinll de doftu tc fcu e ha e nt.'l ( otn Twombl 5 U. en r na d seto s' voi frh r a tal n nc me s''d.qu ig y, 50 S. 3 1 l , - ! ! l at5 1 S. .1 5 . 57, 27 Ct 95 ) 2 ' Hoyt a fl d am o i t dim i st cl i sa s re a i ti i t Fis Am e d Thid Pary h s ie ton o s s he a m s e t d ga ns t n he r t nde r t ' l 3 Com pl i on t r o a nt he undst t h Ki h rDef da sha f iedt sat ac a m u whi h r le c n ha t e s ne en nt ve a l o t e l i pon c e i f a 4 begr tda i tHoyt ( o.oDimisThidParyCompl( 2- )at ,Ac or ngt Hoytt ane gans . M tt s s r t .#33 1 6) c di o ,he 5 KihnerDef ,un j s endant cl m sùr on t concl or l i t H oyti labl asan t r s' ai test he us yalegaton hat si e ar anger., (er J 1 6 CERCLA . l The FistAm ended n id Pary Compl ntcl m s t H oyti labl undtrCERCLA d. r r t ai ai hat si e 7 be a eima ac u e ands ddr e ni e pme t twa us dbydr la so t M a ylnd c us t nuf t r d ol ycla ng qui ntha s e yce ner n he r a 1 l 8 Sq e pr ery Howe e ,a c di t Ho ,nume ousc rsha rj ctd i osng CERCLA uar op t. v r c or ng o yt r ou t ve ee e mp i ' 9 labiiy on a pr i lt oductm anuf ur ,s as Hoyt whi never ow ned,pos sed or contoled t act er uch , ch ses r l he 1 hazar 0 doussubsancesw hi alegedl ca t ch l y used cont i i I l addii becaus H oytalegest am naton. d. n ton, e l hat l l1 t KihnerD ef hc s endant CERCLA cl m f l Hoytar s' ai ais, gues t r ai ng cl m s f r i ass t he em ni ai or elef er cd 1 agai Hoytmustalo be di m ised because t ar dependenton t cl m . 2 nst s s s hey e hat ai 13 I r pons t Ki n es e, he shnerD ef endant concede t t basi oft rcl m agai tHoyti t s hat he s hei ai ns s hat 1 Hoytpr ded equi entt w as us i t dry cl ng f lt l ed i t M ar and Squar 4 ovi pm hat ed n he eani aciiy ocat n he yl e 1 pr ryb e n 1 a 20 . ( t Mott Dimis( 5 opet e- e 968 nd 01 Opp.o .o s s #342)a 3 .Ac or ngt t Kihne t ) c di o he s r 16 Def endant t s,heyw er har asar ul ofHoytsf l et pr e med es t ' aiur o operl i and oper et equi ent ydesr at he pm . 17 l at4. Because of t s,t K ihner Def d. hi he s endant ar t Hoyts m oton shoul be deni as s gue hat ' i d ed 1 pr m a ur : t he h rorno Hoyt sIa e f CERCLA r s ons c t a a a r nge i a de i i t t 8 e t e 'W t e t i i bl or e p e os s s n ra r s c s on ha 19 shoul be m ade aferdicover i com pl ed -notatt ver Gr tsep ofltgaton.' I at5. The d t s ys et he y s t ii i ' d. 20 K ihncrDef s endant sat t i ti i pr s t e hat t 's m opert cuts o hortdicover and t r r anal i si pl s y he equied yss m y 21 becaus t evi e he dence i notavaiabl att s tm e.' I s l e hi i ' d. 22 1 . Hoyt sLi lt under CERCLA 11 ' abiiy 23 Congr senact CERCLA t encour t tm el eanup ofhazar es ed o age he i ycl douswase st bypl ci t ies a ng 24 cl eanup cos labiiy on t t i lt hose r ponsi e f cr i orm ai ai ng t condii Basi M km t l cs bl or eatng nt ni he ton. c r . nc. 25 v.Unie St e,56 F.upp. l1 l 1 ( Ne 20 . Un rCERCLA,t fdeala sae td ats 9 s zd 06, l 3 D. v. 08) de he e r nd tt 26 gover ent m ay i tat cl nm s nii e eanup of t c ar oxi eas and s pot i l r ponsbl partes f ue entaly es ie i or 27 r mbure nt Unie Stt v. lnat Norhen& Sa aFeRy. , F. 7 , 2( hCi. ei sme . td aes Buri on t r nt Co.502 3d 81 79 9t r 2 2 , rves don ot rgr ds 8 007) e re he oun , U. S. ,1 S. .1 0,1 L. 2d 81 (009) A ke 29 Ct 87 73 Ed. 2 2 . y 4 i 1 . : j 1 1 ) CERCLA pur e i t shit 't cos ofcl ng up envionm ent har f om t t pos s o f fhe t eani r al m r he axpayer t t s o he 2 pa t whobe tte fom t edipos loft wase t atc u e t h r . EPA v.Se Com . 1 ri es neit d r h s a he ts h a s d he a m ' ' qua (n 3 t MatrofBel tolum Sevs.n )3F.d8 897( t Ci.1 .CERCLA ia'upe-tit' he te lPer e r .lc., 3 89, 5h r 993) s t rsrc' s 4 la lt sat e Buri onNo t r 5 F. at7 tl ibiiyi oi a s vea wh nt ham ibiiy t ut. lnat rhen, 02 3d 92, to a lt sj nt nd e rl e he r 5 i i vi bl ' l s ndi si e.' d. 6 . Seci 960 3)i e ii t ef lwi a d ove e peron 's b ec t CERCLA c rbuton ton 7( d ntfes h olo ng s f r d s s' u j to c onti i 7 cl m s: ai 8 ( )t owne and ope t of. . fciiy, l he r ra or . a a lt ( )an pe s whoa t tmeof s a ofa h a d s t ceownedor 2 y ron t he i dipos l ny az r ous ubsan 9 oper ed any f lt atw hi s hazar at aciiy ch uch dous s ancesw er di ed of ubst e spos ' ()an pes wh b c rcta e me , roh nviear ange f dipos 3 y ron o y onta , gre nto te s r d or s al 1 0 ort m ent orarr reat , anged w ih atansporerf t t r t or ranspor f di t or sposalort m ent reat , ofh a do s sa eso edorp s s dbys hpe s n, nyot rparyo ntt az r us ub tnc wn os es e uc r o bya he t re iy, 11 1 2 1 3 1i z l 5 1 6 atany f lt ...owned oroper ed by anot pary or entt and cont ni s aciiy at her t iy al ng uch ha adouss tn s((ra ges,,a zr ubsa ce : rn r, nd a ) ( )a pe s nwh a e sorac e e an ha a do s tnc sf t ans tt dipos l 4 ny r o o cc pt c pt d y z r us ubsa e or r por o s a or teat entf ltes...orsiessel ed by s per r m aciii t ect uch son,f om w hi t e i a r eas ora t eat r ch her s el e, hr ened r eaewhihca e t i ure eofrs ec t,ofaha rouss tn e(ça pores' ... el s c us s he nc rnc epons oss zad ubsa c %rns tr' t ) ( d a de ) Bo1 d d. l ( : , , not wor ,h r ar f clse ofpotntal rs i cpa te (PR. )s b e tt CERCLA her ds tee e our as s e ily eponsbl ris PS u j c o I i a lt (1 c re town sa opeat soft f iiy ()pa townesa o r or oft fclt, biiy: ) u rn er nd r or he aclt, 2 s r nd peat s he a iiy ( a r ge s a ( ta po tr .Ba i M emt,5 F. p. a 11 6.Thu , opla aprmafci 3) ran r , nd 4) r ns re s sc . 69 sup zd t 1 st ed i a e 1 7 cont buton case agai t Hoyt t Ki hner Def ri i ns , he s endant m us as tf ualalegatons t Hoyt i s t ser act l i hat s 1E t I $ . , , wi i o eo fu ca sso p ro ss be toCERCLA sl blt po iin . Caioni De to t n n f o r lse f es n u j c t h i i y rvso s l r a p. f a i f 1 T 9 o cSubsa sCo r v.Pa c sCla r, F. p. 1 69,1 6( D. . ) Hee,he xi tnce ntol yls e nes 368 sup zd 0 07 E. CaI2005 . r t j I 20 Ki $ : , , s rDcf nda s s e t hol Hoyt i bl a an a r ng r unde CERCLA. hne e nt e k o d la e s ra e r 21 A ( ç snot d i t e f e oi a r n rla lt unde CERCLA a i e whe a y pe s who b e n h or g ng, r a ge i biiy r rs s n n r on y 22 contact agr m ent orot r , ee , hem ie aranged f di s r or sposalorteat ent...ofhazar r m douss ancesowned ubst 23 orposs cd bysuchper byanyot ess son, herpary orentt atanyf lt ...ow ned oroper ed byanot t iy, aciiy at her 24 , , pat oreniya c ai n s h ha ado s bsa e . 42 U. C.9 9607a( ;sealo Basc ry tt nd ont nig uc z r us u tnc s S. ()3) e s i 25 M $ mnt,569 F. . supp. at1116.çThet m q r zd er aranged f ,i notdefned i CERCLA .Basi M k nt,569 or s i n c q . 26 F x : < , . supp. at111 The i s si ol d i de e ni a r nge la l yunde zd 6. s ue nv ve n t nni ng r a r i bii t rcEpf bA a editnc r si t 27 f r t om hose i ved i det ni $ nvol n enni ng owner,or< at ,labiiy., CoeurD , ene Trbe v.As co, oper or i lt , Al i ar 28 ! 5 1 1 I 1 l , 0F. nc.28 supp. 1 94,1 30- 1( la zo t tngCa la Far e calfr a.nc. Unie 2d 0 1 3 D.d ho o3lcii dilc iviw/ ioni I v. td 2 St ts 41F. 562 5 ( hCi.1 ) l de d,tra rla lt r quie a tveivol me i t ae , 3d , 64 9t r 994). n e S r nge ibiiy e r s ci n ve nt n he a 3 arangem ent ofdipos ofhazar r s s al douss t ubsanccs However contoli nota neces y f ori ever . , r s sar act n y ' 4 arangercase. The Cour m us consdert t alt oft cicum s ances ...t de er i whet t r t t i he ot iy he r t o t m ne her he 5 fcsttwihi CERCLA' rme als e ..,.( heemus beat xu t talwsonet bea at i t n S e di ch me Tl r t ne s'ha lo o n 6 arng r' I a 11 1(ntr lct i o te . ra e . d. t 3 i ena iatons mitd) ' 7 Thee a e t ln s ofc e i t a e ofdie ta r ge la lt ( )t rdii l'a r ng r r r wo i e as s n he r a r c ran r ibiiy: 1 t a tona' ra e t i 8 labiiy casesi whi çt s epur i lt n ch 'he ol poseoft tans i i t arangef t teat entordipos of he r acton s o r or he r m s al 9 t ha ar wats'Unie St e v.ShelOiCo.2 F.d l45,l (t Ci.z t ttons he z dous se,' td ats l 1 . 94 3 0 054 9h r oozlciai l omit d , nd( )t oa r' ra rla lt i whiht ontolsacr cal lme oft (a ts cfc 0 te ) a 2 ç de 'a r nge ibii n c ' r i u i ee nt he f c-pe ii) br y, c I 1l det m i i ofwhet a part i an ar anger.' I at1055. er naton her ys r ' d. l 2 Thi i nota tadii ss r tonalarangerlabiiy cas Ther ar no alegatons i t Fis A m ended r i lt e. e e l i n he r t 1 Thi d Pary Com pl nt t Hoyt ent ed i o any tans i f t sol pur e of dicar ng 3 r t ai hat er nt r acton or he e pos s di l hazar 4 douswase. The FistAm ended Thid Pary Com pl ntm er y alegest Hoyts i entwas t t r r t ai el l hat ' nt o pm tor he l s y m at aland equi enttf t pum osesofa drycenigopeai ' ( rtAm. hidPa t 5 uppl eri la n rton. Fis ' - r ry r . 1 Compl (/ )a 5 . Thus t Fis Ame d Thid Pa t Compli ta ea st bes e ng la lt 6 ./ 447 t ) , he rt nde r ry a n pp r o e ki ibiiy 17 undert tbr he s oaderar a ' t y ofIabiiy. r nger' heor i lt 18 l t s case,Hoytar n hi guest t K ihnerDef hat he s endant have f l t sat a cl m f br s aied o t e ai or oader l9 aranger labiiy becaus t alegaton t Hoyts i dry cl ng equi entused by ot s i r i lt e he l i hat uppled eani pm her s 20 i ufi e t i es hla lt ( .oDimis( 2- )a 11.l br de arng rc ss Hoyt ns lcinto mpos uc ibiiy. Mott s s #33 1 t ) n oa r ra e a ea . 21 sat s t t t r a e t r e 'i pe nt hur e ' a pl i if m us ove c m e S hr ug wel pl a e t e ha he e r h e K nde nde dl s' a ntf t ro t o h t l edd 22 al ato 't i ela lt ponapoduc ma a ue :1 t th pr tma ufcurri e e l ins'o mpos ibiiyu eg r t nufctrr( )ha te oduc n a t e ntnd d 23 t dipos ofhaz rouss tncetr ghtes eofispr ct( t us f prduc e e i doe o s e ad ubsa h ou h al t odu ;2)he eul o t xc pton s 24 nota y;a ()t pr tma a ue ex rie o erhi po s sono co r ofh ad ppl nd 3 he oduc nufctrr ecsd wn s p, sesi r ntol az rous 25 subst ances. l A ccor ng t Hoyt t K ihner Def d. di o , he s endant have f l t over e any oft e s aied o com hcs l 26 hur es. dl 27 A. Int i ent onalD i al spos 28 Hoyt ' s a g st tt e Ki h rDef nda sd a f ie t a l g a c nno ale c t t oyt tr t r ue ha h s ne i e nt ' ve a l d o le e nd a t l g ha H h I 1 ! 6 I . l i e dt dipos ofaha adou s tnc tr ht sl ofispr t. ( .oDimis( 2ntnde o s e z r s ubsa e houg he ae t oducs' Mott s s #33 ' : 1 a 11.Notonl doe t Fis Ame dThidPat Complitfi t alget tt e pmc ) )t ) y s he rt nde r ry an alo le ha he qui nt 3 cause t cont i i but accor ngt Hoytnowher dot d he am naton, , di o , e heKjs hnerDef endant aleget s l hatHoyts ' 4 pum os i suppl ng is aleged equi ent w as t di e of hazar e n yi t l pm o spos dous s t ubs ances or t Hoyt , hat 5 i t n d orpl n d f rt di p alo ha a douss t nc s b s lng ise pl nt l a 11 1 n e de a ne o he s os f z r ubs a e y eli t qui nc . d. t - 2. 6 TheU nied St esSupr ecour r t at em t ecentyexpl nedt dundert ai I l ai hat < hepl n anguageoft sat e, he t ut 7 a e iyma quaiya a a e un 960 a()whe itk i e ton se t dipo eofa n ntt y lf s n nang r der 7()3 n t a es ntni al tps o s s g ha ad s tn e. BulnaonNorben, z rous ubsa c ' ri t ' tr U. S. ,1 S. .1 0,1 ( ) I Bulngt 29 Ct 87 879 2009 .n ri on 9 N o t e ,t Su e e Co the d t tpe tc de m a uf c r rShe l i Com pa wasn a a r nge r h m he pr m ur l ha s i i n am e lO l ny ot n ra r 1 dcs t isk l e of tc d s lsdurng ta f r an d i re , uet e p e f iu e .Th 0 pie t now edg pesi i e pil i r ns e s d elve i s d o qui m nt a l r s e l1 Supr e Cour expl ned: em t ai I 2 . W hie i i tue t ti s e i tnc s a e iy' kno l dge t tis pr uctw ilbe l t s r ha n om ns a e n ntt s w e ha t od l l eaked, s led,dum ped,or ot wi di ded m ay pr de evi pil her se scar ovi dence of t entt , he iy s i entt di nt o sposeofishazar t dousw as es know l t , edgeal i i fci t provet one s nsuf i ent o hat an e i y çpl nne f , t di pos ,pa tc a l whe t d s al o c s a a ntt $ a d or , he s al ri ulr y n he i pos c ur s ' 1 4 pe i r r s toft lgii es eofa u e us u pr uc .l or rt qua iy rpheal e ul he e tmat al n nus d, cf l od t n de o lf a ana r n r Sh lmus h e e e i ot s eofjt pr duc)wih t i enton s ra ge , el t ave ntr d nt he al is o t t he nt i 1 1 1 5 t ta l a tapori oft p odu bedipos d ofdurng t ta f rpr ce sby oneor ha t e s ton he r ct s e i he r ns e o s 13 1 6 1 y moeoft mehod deci di j69 ( . r he t s srbe n 033) Shel' m er know l ls e edge t s ls and l hat pil eaks contnued t occur i i f ci i o s nsufi ent $ , rou frc cudi t tShel arnge f t dipos l ( ha rous s bsa e nds o on l ng ha l ra d or he s a of a zad ) u tnc wihi t me ni ofj9607()3 . t n he a ng a() . . . l Buri on N ort n, 8 lnat her l 9 U. S. ,1 S. .at1880. 29 Ct . Rel ng on Buri on N ort n,t Unied St es Di rctCoul f t Eser Di rctof yi lnat her he t at sti ' or he t n sti t 2 Cai mircnlrldtaHo tol n tesbetoarne lblyu dr RC Ab sdo 0 lo a cet ue ht y cud o b ujct ragri it ne CE L ae n f y ai ' 1 ' j 2 j m e ea l g ton t a ise pm c wa us d a adz c e ni f c lt H i dsI v. a Ent r. 0 r le a i s h t t qui nt s e t y l a ng a iiy. n nv. Te m e . 201 1 22 W L 1 98 ( D. l201 .l t tc s ,hec t s se t CERCLA camsasert a i t 663 6 E. Ca. 0) n ha a e t ourdimisd he li s td gans 1 2 Ho tb tepanif a o e o po et u o whc adycenn b sn s o eae . I. l 3 y y h litf, n wn r f rp ry p n ih r la ig uies p rtd d n ! 24 addres ng t i entonaldipos el entofar anger Iabiiy under CERCLA,t cour hel t si he nt i s al em r i lt he t d hat ! 1 : Hoytsaleged know ldge ofispr ' l e t oduct soper i w asi ' aton nsum ci t es a ih t H oyti entonaly ent o t bls hat nt i l l 25 2 dipos d ofw a t . l 6 s e s e d. 27 : He e t eFis Am e dn id Pa t r , h r t nde r r ycom pl nt le sc cl i , t out a t a s ai a l ge on usons wih f c u l uppo tt t r ,ha 1 28 Hoytse pm e wasdesr e i pr pc l a o r t d i p ope l TheFis Am e d Thid Pa t ' qui nt i d m o ry nd pe a e m r ry. rt nde r ry 7 1 I Com pl ntdoesnotalege Hoytpl ai l anned f t dipos ort i entonalst t or he s al ook nt i eps owar dipos ofa d s al 2 ha a do s t nc I f c ,t eFis Am e d Th r Pa t Com pl i ale st tHoytsç r e' z r us ubsa e. n a t l r t l nde id ry a nt l ge ha ' s pos ' pu , 3 wa t s p l e up n frç cc nn p rto s' ( rt Thr Pat mp./ 47 a 5 , c so u py q ime to s la igo eain . FisAm, i ryco l(4 ) t ) Th e ' d / 4 concl or l i ast Hoytssuppl us yalegatons o ' yand desi ofisequi entar gn t pm enotenough t s o uppor acl m t ai i 5 t atHo t i t n i als e t dipos ofa ha a d s t n Thus t s c ai i di m is h yt ook n e ton t ps o s e z r ous ubs a ce. , hi l m s s s ed. 6 M or eover as w ilbe dicus bel ,t usef pr , l s sed ow he ul oductdef e def s t K ihner Def ens eat he s endant s' 7 CERCLA arangercl m sast Hoyt4 r ai o . 8 B. Usef ProductD ef ul ense 9 Hoytcl m s t t us ulpr ai hat he ef oductdef ensecr esan di unnount e bar er't t K ihner eat çns abl ri ' o he s I De e n s CERCLA cl i s a ai tHoyt Ac di t Hoy , hi de e s , ec nty a e b t 0 f nda t ' a m g ns . cor ng o t t s f n e r e l dopt d y he 11 Supr m cCoul i Bur i on Norh) o de t a a e iy c nnot he d la e a a a r n rm e el e - n lnat t t pr vi s h t n ntt a be l i bl s n r a ge r y l2 f seli a new and usef pr or lng ul oducti t pur eroft pr f he chas hat oductl er and unbeknownstt t seler at , o he l , . j$ diposd oft pr ti awa t tl t c ntmiai ( .t Dimis(/ 1 a 1 . l : s e he oduc n y ha ed o o a n ton. Mot o s s /332-) t 4) n l rs s ,t Kihne Deen nt ar e t tt s dee e i prmaur be a e ç() i y tt be 4 epon e he s r f da s gu ha hi fns s e t e c us $it s e o l det m i whet Hoythad i vem entneces y and t aut iy appr i e t hol i labl f 5 er ned her nvol sar he hor t oprat o d t i e or . 1 ot e s a gi t dipos l PCE r lva t t sc s . ( t M ot t Dimis( 2)a 6) 6 h nvie nan ng he s a of ee nt o hi a e' Opp.o .o s s #34 t . ' 1 7 UnIe I rCERCLA ltgato abod c s l w h sde el pe s i i hi ii i n, yof a e a a v o ddi tn> s ngbe e nt dipos l - e he s a 1 orte t e ofS s e ' ndt e s l ofaS e ul oduc . Calf ni De . Toxi Subsa sCo r 8 r a m nt s t 'a h a e wa s f pr t' ior a pt of us ' c t nce ntol l v. coPa tc l .508F.d93 934( hCi. o7tii Buri on, 9F.da 11 - ; & W 9 Al ci .nc, i 3 0, 9t rzo lctng lnat 47 3 t 4041 A 20 Smetr& Refn r.nc. Clnt 1 F.d 1 07 1 1 (t Ci.1 98)Cael De Com. Unie le ies l v. i on, 46 3 1 , 1 2 9h r 9 * tlus v. , v. td 21 St e ,34 F. 748 750 ( h Ci.1 4). tA pes ma behed la ea a tra ge 'un r9 ats 3d , 9t r 99 ) $ ron y l ibl s n arn r de 22 96 ( )3)onl i t ma e i i que to c nsiut t se'r t e t n a t ef pr uct''I 07 a ( y f he t ral n sin o tt es wa t a h r ha us ul od .' d. ' 23 Ap i a i oft sditnc i ha b en r f r e t a t e t e ulpr tdo rne ' l plc ton hi s i ton s e e e r d o s h t f oduc cti . d. us ' 24 Theus f pr ct ti tpp iswhe t s ei of ne pr uc , a a t r d s ci ca l e ul odu doc rnet le a n he al s a w od t m nuf c u e pe t ly i 25 f t pur or he poseofs e,orofa pr al oductt r a nsusef f isnor alpur e i isexi i st e.' hat em i ul or t m pos n t stng at ' 26 Caior av. lf ni Summe De Cai .n , 21F. pp. 581@ , Ca.1 ) tl ven ofaus u r l rbe lc.8 su 574, D. I 993. s-he dor efl 27 28 4 . ) ' Thc sam e anal i apples t Bowe w ho f l a Joi yss i o ied nder t Hoyts M oton t Di m i and o i o ' ss s Suppl ent As s em . uch,t scl m i di ised ast Bowe alo. hi ai s sm s o s 8 , ' I I : i 1 pr duc whi h t ou h is no lco s p od e a ha a dous s bs a e, u h asa ba t r ,i n a o t c hr g t nna ur e r uc s z r u t nc s c te y s ot n 2 a r nge unde cERcl . Pa e sCla r, F. pp. 1 ( tngCa la Far e cal.nc ra r r - ' vls e ne s 368 su zdat 077 cii dilc iviw/ .l . A ' 1 3 vU idSa s4 F3 5256(tCr19) Amauamrr f C cnob hllbet . nt te, 1 . 6,6 9h i 94) nfc eo P E ante e i lts e t d . . da a 4 aC R A ar gr e ihsdn ntigmoeta slaueu ce cl'I.t-h E CL rnewhr ta oe ohn r hn el sflhmi . d tle a c a' l f 1 1 ' 5 ma a t e ofdl cl nn e p nufcurr ' ea ig quimentwh doe not ng moe ta prvi t ma hiesa y o s hi r h n o de hc c n nd j 6 o eaig isrcin i n ta çra g r ofwa t ds o a u d rCERCLA. Ad b Lu e v p rt n tu t s s o n arn e' n o se ip s l n e ' o e mb r . ' y Hel n, 5F. pp.d 1 1 l( D. .2 ) va'tdo ot rgr lma 41 su z 070, 08 E. CaI 006 , c e n he oundss bnom.Kotousv. a u r g Gos-e tCo.5 F.d924, ( hCi. ) slwet , 23 3 934 9t r2008 . 9 Theu eu pr ct fns aie o out s fl odu dee e rs s f CERCLA' dei tonofS s al(e ton96 4 :6 S fnii ç pos ' s ci 0129 di ' 1 ) i t m er y i iyi a çhazar ( n hat el dentf ng t dous s t ubsance' i i ufi entt esabls t ispl ' s ns tci o t ih hat t acem enti a n Il f c lt c tt e d s a ofa ha a douss t nc 'un rCERCLA , Se 355 St ve Cr e a iiy ons iut s t pos l ny z r di ubs a e' de e 0 e ns e k l Asoc. Baca Ban ofCalf.91 F. 1 5,1 60- ( hCi.1 .ForCERCLA puros , 2 s v. rlvs k i. 5 2d 35 3 61 9t r 990) p es l fd s s l' scon tue ça r eri o y t a a fr a i a tofdic r ng as s a e a wase a 3 s i po a ' i s r d ' s ef rng nl o n f im tve c s a di ub t nc s t , nd 1 nott t pr 4 o he oductve use oft s t i he ubsance.' l ' d. 1 5 l t CERCLA con ex , t z r uss bs a e a ege r ly dea twih a t e poi w h t y n he t t t a do u t nc s r ne a l ha l t th nt en he l ar aboutt orhavebecom e,w ases' 3550 St 6 e o, t .' evensCr 9l5 F. at1362.Congr di noti end eek, 2d ess d nt ) CERCLA t t r etI ii a e m a ac r s ors le sofus f pr t butr h r de ie <t hol 7 o a g eg tm t nuf m er elr c ul oduc s at e sr d eo d 1 la et os whowo d at mp t dip eofha a do wa tso s tnc sunde v rousde e i 8 ibl h e ul te t o s os z r us se r ubsa e r ai c ptve l9 gui esi or t escape labiiy f t rdipos .'Dayt l s n der o i lt or hei s al' on ndep.SchoolDi t v. . M i alPr s . U S. ner ods. 20 Co.906F.d 1 9,1 6566( hCi.1 0 . , 2 05 0 - 5t r 99 ) 21 ' Ackn l d ng ist x n i vi w of r a e la lt 't N i h Cic t st e us dt h d ow e gi t s pa s ve c e a r ng r i biiy,'he nt r ui ha s f e o ol r 22 m a uf c u e s la e a a r nge s f s li a u e ulpr uc con ai ng or ge r tng h a d n a t r r i bl s r a r or e lng s f od t t ni ne a i az r ous 23 s tn est tl e weediposdof' Buri ronNorhen,502F.dat8 (tlcsi orgial. ubsa c ha atr r s e . ' lnkt tr 3 08 iai n i n ) 24 sUs f pr t' a e r c gni e t tt i biiy c nno e en s f rast i c u a I a uf c u e sof ' e ul oduc ' c s s e o z ha s a lt a t xt d o a l o n l de I m n a t r r 25 :( !5 5CERCLA bor owst Sold W ase D ipos Actsdet ton of:di pos ,whi (m eanst ( s al, ch : r he i t s al , inii he 27 dshag de i,ne i du ngzpiln la ng, plci a oldwat a ar ic re, postijcton, mpi s lig,e ki or a ngof nys i seorh z douswase t it o o a yln o wae s ta sc sl wat o h z ro swat o a yc nt n tee f t no r n n a d r tr o htu h oi se r a ad u se r n o si th ro ma d me 28 ent heenvlonm entorbeem it i o t ai ert r ted nt he rordichar i o anywat s i udi s ged nt er , ncl nggr ound wat s. er ' 42U. C.j69 3 . S. 03() 9 ' 1 1 . ; 1 1 l ; 1 hazar douss ances, t t y t t ew ilhavet bedi aloft s t ubst on he heor hat her l o spos he ubs ance s etm e down om i 1 l i I 2 t In a rii usda i end d.'l (tlcsi o i n l. he ie,se t s e s nt e ' d. iai n rgia) 3 l asmia s p di a i tHoyti t Ea tr Diti ofCalf ni,tec t ou tat n i lrca e cn ng gans n he sen srct ior a h our f nd h 1 : l , 1 4 t usef pr he ul oductdef ensebar ed CERCLA cl m sagai Hoyt Hi l ,2010 W L 1663986.The r ai nst . nds nv. 5 pl i if i t tca e ale ed t tCERCLA la lt c ul be i pos d o a d y c e ni eq pm e a ntf n ha s l g ha i biiy o d m e n r l a ng ui nt ' 6 m anuf ur wher t m anuf ur desi act er e he act er gned is equi entt di e of wast and pr ded t t pm o spos e ovi he 7 oper t wih di pos gui i a or t s al delnes.l Despiet d. t hese alegatons,t courtf l i he ound t pl ntf f l t hat ai if aied o 8 saeacai un rCERCLA a dimisdt c s i ise ieywihpeu c Thec to t t tt l m de nd s se he a e n t ntrt t rj die. ourfund ha 9 t us ul pr he ef oduct def e bared t pl ntf ' CERCLA cl m s agai Hoyt The courtf ens r he ai ifs ai nst . ound 1 sgnii 0 i fcantt t m anuf ur and sal QfHoytequi entw as an eventt neiher pr hat he act e e pm hat t oduces nor 1j i veshazar nvol douss t ubs anccsdiecty. r l 1 2 l t s ca e t Cour alo d s i s t CERCLA c ai s a i tHoytbas d on t e us u n hi s , he t s i m s es he l m ga ns e h ef l I od t f ns nde r ry a nt o 13 pr uc de e e. Thealegatonsi t KihnerD ef l i n he s endant ' r tAm e d Thid Pa t Com pl i d s Fis l j 1 not lgct t h Hoyt qui nti ahaz r ouss tnce nort tt s eoft eq pme wa f r 4 ale ha t e e pme s a d ubsa , ha he al he ui nt s o : 1 a a r ng m entf dipos o h za d s bsa e . The ta a ton a is h e i t s e ofd y 5 n ra e or s al f a r ous u t nc s r ns c i t s ue er s he al r ' 1 c e ni e p ent a e n whi h ne t rpr e nori v sha a douss t n sdie ty. The 6 l a ng qui m , n ve t c ihe oduc s nvol e z r ubs a ce r c l s . 17 Fi s Am endedThid Part rt r ycom pl ntf l t alegef st t m anuf ur orsal oft dr ea ng ai ais o l act hat he act e e he ycl ni 18 equi entby Hoytcons iut an Sar angem entf t uli at di alofa hazar pm tt es d r or he tm e spos dous subst ance.' ' 1 Payl s,368 F. 9 es supp. at1 zd 077.Bas on t f egoi t usef pr ed he or ng, he ul oductdef edef st Ki hner ens eat he s 2( Def ) endants ar angercl m sast Hoytand Bow e. ' r ai o 21 Fi ly, t t t st a t CERCLA c a m sm us bedim i s be a e t K ihne f nd nt na l Hoy s a e h t he li t s s ed c us he s rDe e a s . ' l C . O w ners p,Pos ss on or Cont (fH azardousSubst hi se i rol ) ances 22 I 1 1 23 f lt ale t tHoytha o es p,posesonorc ntolofa yha ad s bsa e.( .t ai o lge ha d wn rhi s si o r n z rous u tnc Mot o ' 24 Dimis(/ -1 a 1 ) Ac or ngt Hoyt i or rt sat aval cai frrle,t Kih r s s /332 ) t 6 . c di o , n de o t e i l m o eif he s ne d l ' 25 ' 26 6A s not by t Cour i a si iar cas The pl ntf s do notalege any f s t s ed he tn m l e: ai if l act o upporta 27 tndi t a subsantalpartofM ayt ssal ofdr cl ng m achi i ved t arangem entf y eani nes nvol he r or i ng hat t i ag' e . t dipos lofwa t w a e . Ra he , a a sta s c i c n be de crbe on y a t s l ofa us u he s a s e t r t r M yt g' r n a ton a s i d l s he a e ef l l 2 g o whc ,ho g i n r l s , rae awa t b p o u t Un e teefcsao e Ma gma 8 o d ih tr u h t o ma u e ce td se y rd c. d r h s a t ln , pa y s ! n behed Ia ea aCERCLA ar nge , Pa e s 368F. ot l ibl s ra r yls , supp. a 1 zd t 078. 10 I 1 ! $ ! 1 j Def endant ar r r t alege ors s e equied o l how t Hoytowned orpos es ed t hazar hat s s he douss t ubs ances,or 2 ha t a ho iyt c ntol bedipos p a i e o a d yt dipos oft ha a do s t nc sat he d he ut r t o o r t s al r ctc s r ut o s e he z r us ubs a e t : s jct opet 1 Be us t Fis Ame de n idPat Complitlc s chal ato , t $ ube pr ry. d. ca e he rt n d r ry an a ks u leg ins Hoy 4 sat t cl m sagai ti mustbe dim i ed. The Ki t es he ai ns t s ss shnerDef endant di notaddr t sar ent s d ess hi gum 5 i t i Opposton. n he r ii 6 tN o cour has i posed an-ngerlabiiy on a part who neverowned orpos ed,and never $ t m a i lt y sess 7 hadany aut iy t contolordut t di poseof t hazar hort o r yo s , he dousm at i sati ue.' Shel O ia294 F. eral ss ' l l 3d g a l 8 ( tng Gen rlElc.Co.v.AAMCO Trns si l .962 F. 281 28 ( Ci. t 05 cii ea e a mison. nc. 2d , 6 2d r 9 l (ttng<ii t obl i t e riec tol rh z do wat dip a, ndno t mee 992)sai e s he i on o xccs onr ove a ar us se s osla t gat thc r l ) abiiy oropport t t contolt di ( lt uniy o r he sposalofhazar douss ancest m akes an entt an ar anger ubst hat iy r jj unde CERCLA' la lt pr sons'tmpha i i oi n l) r S ibiiy ovii ' e l ss n rgial. l: 2 ' Her notonl di t K ihnerDef e, y d he s endant f lt r s ai o espond t Hoyts ar enton t s i ue,but o ' gum hi ss j t e Fis Am e d Thid Pa t Co pl nt i c 3 h rt nde r r y m ai s ompl t l d d of an f c s t t Hoyt ha a y e e y evoi y a t ha d n ' j 1 j ownes i posesonorc to o raha rouss tnc Be a eHoyti n s j c t la lt 4 rhp, s si onrl ve zad ubsa e. c us s ot ube to ibiiy l i t a s nc ofale atonsofisowne s p, s s i n orc r ofha a douss t nc sa di po a 5 n he b e e lg i t r hi pos e s o ontol zr ubs a e t s s l 7 i j orot 6 henvi t CERCLA cl m sm ustbe dim ised f f l e t st e acl m . se, he ai s s or aiur o at ai l 1 I . D e l at r Rele Cl m 7 V c ar o y i f ai . j 8 Hoyt r e ta t Kihne Def da s cai frdecaaor r ifmus bedimisd.( . agu s h the s r en nt' l m o lrt y ele t s se Mot j t Dimis( - )a 1 .Ac or n t Hoytt scli i de i tvet t eCERCLA cai a mus 9 o s s #331 1 t 8) c dig o ,hi am s rvai o h l ms nd t 1 :0 f l i t a e e of a pr di at Ia lt l ot r wor , i t Fis A m e ded Thid Pa t ) ai n he bs nc ny e c e i biiy. n he ds f he r t n r ry , 21 Com pl i ' CERCLA c ai sa i tHo a cd s i s d, hent e d cl r t yr lefc a m m u t s be a nts l m ga ns yt r i m s e t h e a a or e i l i s alo - :: dim is d. 2 2 s se 23 l t sm ater t KihnerDef n hi t , he s endant decl at y r i cl m i dervatveoft rCERCLA s' ar or elef ai s i i hei 2 cam .Thus t scli i dimis d a i tHo a Bowe. 4 li ,hi am s s s e gans yt nd 25 I1 l 26 27 7The s a l i a i s t t cl i sa s t d a ai t w e Th , he Cour di m i s s t amc na yss pplc o he a m s ere g ns Bo . us t t s s e he zg CERCLA cl msp di a i tBo bae onBo sJ nde ( )i HoytsMoi t Dimis ai en ng gans we sd we' oi r#463 n ' ton o s s. 11 d 1 V. N eglgence C l m i ai 2 l t Fis A m e de Thid Pa t Co pli , t Ki h r D e e da s a s r a cl i f n he r t n d r ry m a nt he s ne f n nt s e t a m or . 3 neglgence agai taI Thi Pal yD ef i ns I rd ' t endant Accor ng t t cl m ,t K ihnerDef s. di o hat ai he s endant as ert s s 4 t fdurng t Thid Pary Def hat s i he r t endant owner hi and oper i of varous f ltes sudden and s' s p aton i aciii , 5 a cde a r e e o PCEo c rdt t onti tdt t PCEpl .'( rt Thr Pat Compl c i ntlelass f c urc ha c rbue o he ume' FisAm. id ry . 6 (/ )a 1 ) l a to t cli a s lst tt e Kih rDe e an st d adut t pr pe l a /447 t 6 . n ddii n, he am s e- ha h s ne f nd t t t ha y o o ry nd 7 r sonabl handl and dipose ofPCE and ot hazar ea y e s her dousm at i s.' I The Ki eral ' d. shnerD ef endant s 8 as e t t tt Thid Pa t De e nt br a he t s d y ç ne i nty ca i pe m itng a or s r s ha he r ry f nda s e c d hi ut s by glge l usng, r ti nd/ 9 conti i t cont i i r tng f om t rowner p and oper i ofvarous f ltes' I rbutng o am naton esuli r hei shi atons i aciii .' d. 1 atl7. 0 ll Hoytm ovcst di i t neglgence cl m as t agai i on t gr o sm ss he i ai sered nst t he oundst t cl m i hat he ai s 1 b s do t eown r hi o adfciiy, asi dia e i t eFis Ame dThid Pa t 2 ae n h e s p f ça lt ' n c t d n h r t nde r rycompli .( ' ant Supp. l M ott Dimis( 3 .o s s #472)a 2 .Ho*e r a c r ngt Hoytt e'l s rParisdi not leg , c d t) ve , c o di o ,h d hne te d al e nor oul oi l t t Hoytowned oroper ed anypr 4 hey, hat at opert hatalegedl yt l yconti ed t t rbut o hecont i i ati ue.' am naton ss ' 15 1 at2- Rat ,t onl f s alege by t K ihner Def d. 3. her he y act l d he s endant i t Hoytm anuf ur dl s s hat act ed ' y 1 cl ng equi entt w asus by ot sata dry cl ng f lt I Becauset Fis A m ended 6 eani pm hat ed her eani aciiy. d. he r t 17 Thid Pary Com pl ntdoesnoti ude any f t t Hoytowned oroper ed a dr cl ng f lt r t ai ncl ac s hat at y eani aciiy, 1 or yof h s r o ngpr pe te t t h Ki h rDef nda scl i e c rb e t t PCE pl e 8 an t e u r undi o r i s ha t e s ne e nt a m d onti ut d o he um , 1 Hoytar 9 guest t neglgence cl m m us be di ised. hat he i ai t sm s 2 0 Th Cou ta e s Th ne i nc cl m a l ge i t Fis Am e ed T'id Pa t Compl i e r gr e . e glge e ai le d n he r t nd h r r y a nt 21 r at t partest ownedSf ltes'upon whi r easesofPCE occur ed.TbeFi s Am endedThid el es o i hat taciii ' ch el r rt r 22 Part Com pl nt does not pr de any f ualbass t Hoytowned such a f lt Rat ,t y ai ovi act i hat aciiy. her he 23 a l a i s a i tHoyta c t ti w a a e pm e s ple . I a ton,a s a e 1 w n glg nc leg ton ga ns r ha t s n qui nt up i r n ddii ny t t a e i e e 24 cl m agai Hoytcan be r s i t st e cour handlng t r at Itgaton. A s not ator ai nst aied n he at t i he el ed ii i ed al 25 ar entby t pari t s at cour pr ousl gr ed H oytsm oton t di is and r ant t gum he tes, he t e t evi y ant ' i o sm s ed bc 26 Ki shner Def endant l s eave t am cnd. Becaus t s Courthas di i ed t f alcausesofacton o e hi sm ss he eder i 27 ass t agai tHoyt t st e courti t pr ered ns , he at s he operf um f any am ended neglgence cl m . or or i ai 28 // / l2 ' l ! l VI Concuson . li 2 j B aeo teoeo gte orGR N SHy'Moi tDs s(32,upe nt sd nh frgi ,hC ut A T ot tno i s#3)Spl to n s o mi me I I i 3 Moint Dimis(/7 )a dBo sJid r (46 ) n (4 3.Ho tn Bo aetr n tda to o s s / 2, n we' on es # 3 a d # 7 ) y a d we r emiae s 4 ! l 4 p rist tilt ain at o hs ig t . e i o ! 5 I I SO ORDERED. T S . 6 7 Dat Febr y 4,2O11 ed; uar . . 8 . 9 *' 1 0 UNI TED ST . ' 1 S DI CT J STRI VDGE : ' . j )l I 1 2 : 1 3 1 4 . 15 ! 6 17 18 1 9 20 21 22 23 24 1 25 26 27 28 . 13 l
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