Venckiene v. United States of America et al, No. 1:2018cv03061 - Document 32 (N.D. Ill. 2018)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM Opinion and Order signed by the Honorable Virginia M. Kendall on 7/12/2018. The Court denies Venckiene's Motion for Extension of Stay 9 . Although the Court has ruled on the likelihood Venckiene will succeed on the merits of her Habe as Petition, the Petition is not yet fully briefed. Because the Court has found that it has the authority to hear Venckiene's challenges to the Secretary of State's extradition determination and Judge Martin's certification order, the Court directs parties to submit briefing on Venckiene's pending Petition. Additionally, the Court permits Venckiene to first amend her Petition to include challenges raised for the first time in her supplemental brief, if so desired. Mailed notice(lk, )

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