Antech Diagnostics, Inc. v. Posner, No. 9:2017cv80185 - Document 63 (S.D. Fla. 2018)
Court Description: OPINION AND ORDER. Final judgment will be entered by separate Order. Signed by Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks on 5/21/2018. (pes)
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Antech Diagnostics, Inc. v. Posner Doc. 63 UNI TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA Ca eNo.1 8 85- M I s 7- 01 CV- DDLEBROOKS/ BM > ON ANTECH DI AGNOSTI I , CS, NC. Pl i if antf, MI CHAEL POSN ER, De e nt f nda . OPI ON AND O RDER NI Th s a to wa fld b Ant h Dig o tc ,I c (An e h' a ans M ih t Po n r i cin s ie y tc a n sis n . i tc ' g i t c a l s t s ) (i ne' on Fe uay 1 2017. Ante fl onccli ofbra ofconrctagans Pos r i pos r' ) br r 5, e h ied am e ch ta i t ne bas d on a a e nt da e J e n gr eme , t d une 26,2015, e ut bewe n Ant h a Pos . On xec ed t t ec nd ner Novembe 1 201 Ihe dabe hti a whi tm edo r 5, 7, l nc ral t ch i cume a y a t tmoni le de ewe e nt r nd esi a vi nc r pr entd. ThePa tess it wrte Cl i Ar es e ri ubm ted it n osng gumen s fld on De mbe 1 201 . ( t , ie ce r 5, 7 DE 5 ( s r, 6 ( tc l. Ba e o t ee i e c p e e td l k t ef lo n fn n so 9 Po ne) DE 0 An e h ) sd n h v d n e r sn e , ma e h ol wi g idig f f c a concusonsofl a t nd l i aw. FI NGS OF FACT NDI Buc Ale ($ ln',a Ane h rp e e ttv ,tsiid ta Ane h i aCaio n ab s d th ln û e ' n tc e r sn aie etfe h t tc s Al ) l r i- a e f e iy a horze t do busne s i Fl i ( 1n t tmony) l i i omor e i ntt ut i d o i s n orda. A1e esi . t s nc atd n Calf ni a isprncpa pl e of busne s i alo Caior a. (d.. Antc p o de ior a nd t i i l ac i s s s lf ni 1 4 e h r vi s di nosi lbortr s r c t veei ra . (f . Ant h manti a 1b i Fl i . ag tc a ao y evies o trnains Jf) ec i ans a n orda (d.. 1) 1 Dockets.Justia.com 2. M iha lPo n r (po n r' tsiid t a h i a Fl i cii n, who r i s i Fl ri c e s e ' s e' e tfe h t e s i ) orda tze esde n o da. l nc. ( n t tmony) He i a vee i ra a i t pr i nt of M obie Vet 2U, I Pos er esi . s trnain nd s he esde l t e ser he s ii l ma (s obie Ve' . (#.. M obie V e r git ed t tcttous name,ûW estAvenue Ani l i l t' . ) Nl ) J Hos t l' M obie Ve s a mobie vee i ra s r ce desg d t te t pe s a c int ' pia . ' l ti l trna in e vi i ne o r a t t le s h me . o s Po ne d cd d t o e W e tAve ueAnma Ho ptl(W etAv n e',a s r e ie o p n s n i l s ia t s e u ' s ) brck a morar ve e i ra pr c i i Der Fl rda. (J) W es Aven ope d i i nd t t rna in a tce n lay, o i / . t ue ne n 20l (d.. 5. l ) Ant c pr de l bor t r s r c t M obie t pro t t openi of W e tAve . e h ovi d a a o y e vi es o l vezu i r o he ng s nue W he W es Ave frtopene Pos rs it d 1b t t t Ant chundert M obie t n t nue is d, ne ubm te a ess o e he lve zu a c u t (#) c o n . J .. 4. At s ome poi i ea l 2015,Pos me wih Pa rci Pa c ci a s l s r pr s nt tve of nt n ry ner t t ti a s uc , a e e e e ai An e h. (d) Th yds use Po ne e trngit a e lsv a r e n wh rb Po n r tc 1 .. e ic s d s r n ei no n xcu ie g e me t ee y s e woul agr et us onl Ant h f e e na lb s r c sf 7 ye s (#., d e o e y ec or xt r l a e vie or ar . f ) Pas ucc a s i or c i lo nf med Pos r t the woul be elgi e f a tona dic s f r lb ne ha d i bl or ddii l s ount o a sr ie i h j i dPu c a igSevc s l c (PS1) whc i av trn r p rh sn g o p e vc s f e one r h sn r ie ,n . $ ' , ih s ee iay u c a ig r u $ ' t a o tisds o n sf risme es (#,. Pa c c ic mpltd Po n rsa p iain f r h t b an ic u t o t mb r. f ) s u c o ee s e ' p lc to o me es i wi PS o J n 2 , 01 . (#.. Sh lse ( tc -ParcaPa c c i a te mb rhp t I n u e 6 2 5 f ) e itd t e h tii s u c' s h h An ' ii he i i s rfra s u c , ( 51 1a 1 Po ne t si n ) Thehandwrtng on t applcaton i not eer l o r e DE - t ; s r etmo y . Pos rs wih t e e i ofhi sg t e. (J. P n rt sii d h wa s b e u n l ne ' , t he xc pton s i naur f ) os e e tfe e s u s q e ty . a o f a be a ame rofPSI (#.. pprved or nd c me mbe . f) 6. Antc a Pos rexe utda ExcusveLa aor Sevi sAgr me (C e h nd ne c e n l i bort y r ce ee nt 1ELSA',wiha ' t n ) efci dat ofJ y 1 2015. ( 53-4 Pos rsg d t ELSA on J 26,201 a fe tve e ul , DE 1. ne ine he une 5, nd 2 Ane hsg e i o J ne2 , 01 . (J) Ata he t t ELSA aet a n xe . Thesrt tc i n d t n u 9 2 5 1 .. tc d o he r wo n e s s i tted C ne Loan'(d.a 5- ,a t s c i tte S s il i x An ' 1 t 7) nd he e ond s ild i Annex Prcng a Dic s' ii nd s ount' (d.a 8. 1 t) Anne Loa pr de t tPos i t borowe a Ant c i t l r (d. t . Pos r x n ovi s ha ner s ht r r nd e h s he ende . 1 a 6) ne woul r ceve al n i ana ountofi 5, f aperod of7yea sa a an li e e tr t d e i oa n m t 000 or $1 i r t n nua nt r s ae of7. ' (d.a 5) l Pos stsi d t a 0%. l t . f ner aite he nnualmi mum f a ' ni ee mountf agi n ye , or ve ar pa d a la ye l mount whe due,a was ot r s noti de a t Ant h woul f r i t s n nd he wie n f ul, ec d o g ve he a ll npayme f t tye r (#.. nnua oa nt or ha a . J ) 8 An e Prcn ,u d rp rg a h 2 lb ld k iig'p o i e t a tth p ie c a g d f r . n x iig n e a a rp a ee d cn , r v d s h t i l e rc s h r e o pr ' g Labor t y Se vi e s l be a s tf t on Ant ch Di gnosi sFe Sc dul , a m odii d aor r c s ha l s e orh e a tc' e he e s te fom tmtt tm tf isc t m e sgene a l a i e f c a t tm et La r t y Se v c s r i o i or t uso r r ly, nd n fe t t he i he bo aor r i e aepef r d,s b e tt a y Trd Dic u t ie tfe b lw. (d.a 8 . P r g a h 3 r ro me u j c o n a e so n s d n iid eo ' 1 t ) aa rp , ' whi h i lbeedl-r Dic s'pr de tA sa a tona i en i f Pr c ie Owne c s a l i-ade s ount n ovi s:i n ddii l nc tve or a tc l ' r . t e trit t eAg e me ts b ett tetl a dc n iin o t Ag e me te c blig o ne n o h r e n , u j c o h e' n o dto s fhe r e n , a h i n ms l pei Antc Dignosis wilpr de Prci Owne a ta dic rod e h a tc l ovi a tce r rde s ountof30% (i r krade - Die u f)o fteF l n o c dAmo n (sd fnt b lw)f rLa rt r S r c sf rs c s o n ' f h ulI v it u t a ei d eo o bo ao y tvie o u h bli p ro ls a yExcu dle ( sd fn db lwl' il e id e s n ng lde tms a ei e eo . ' 9 No F e S h d l wa atc e t te ELS ( ln tsi n ;Po n rtsi n ) Bu c . e c e u e s ta h d o h A, A1e etmo y s e etmo y . th Ale a Zone Die t f An e h,t tfed t ha Pos rr quesed a Fe Sc ln, r c or or t c esii hat d ne e t e hedul , eiher e t t s e r pr s nt tve co d have ha he als e e e a i ul nded i t hi orAnt c co d ha maie i t hi . to m e h ul ve ld t o m ( lntsi A1e etmony) . 1 l J y2015, tii M c maa,ar pr e ai fom PSI e ie Pos rCheprcngg ) 0.n ul Parca Na r e esnttve r , mald ne k ii he t 3 rque t ' ( 51- a 1. Ata he t t e lwasa Antc docu ntl l 201 e sed. DE 2 t ) tc d o he mai ' n eh me abeed 5 Fe Sc e u e (d.a 3 2 ) Th frt st o p ie wa c nan d a tr t g n rl e h d l . I t - 8 . e is e f rc s s o tie fe he e ea if r to a o tAn e h (d. t8 . I p o d s i co e i ae p o o rn w p iels n o mai n b u tc . l a ) t r vie :i ls d s o y f u e rc it En . W e val y busne s and a e a e t opporuniy t s r c you and your hos t l ue our i s ppr cit he t t o e vi e pia . Ant c wilc i t ofe dic ed prcng t you on t f l ng t t a pr ie .'' e h l ontnue o f r s ount ii o he olowi ess nd ofls (d.. Beow t tlnguag i als oftss f l d bya l e h LitPrce'a al r 1 4 l ha a e s it e t, olowe n t c s i ' nd owe Ant C Prc ' (#.a 8- 0) Afe t PSlprc ls wasalr rnumbe oft t wihonl one ' PSI ie. f t 1 . tr he ' ie it age r ess t y prc lse (d.a l 28 . ie itd. 1 t 2- ) 11 Ant c s ntPos hi frti ceat rt ELSA , daedJ y 31, 5. ( 5 - ) P s e . eh e ner s is nvoi fe he t ul 201 DE 3 3 . o n r noied t the wasbild mor t n he e t ( ne t tmony) He i edi t y tc ha le e ha xpeced. Pos r esi . mm ael c a t d Ant h' bilng de t e t a sae t he unde sood he woul r ceve PSI ont c e ec s li parm n nd t td hat rt d e i prci i ng. Ant h t d hi t c a thi s l s r pr s nt tve t core tt prcng. ec ol m o ont c s a e e e e ai o r c he i i (#.. /) 1 No eo Po n rss bsqu n i v ie c n ane PS p iig, ( 5 - t 5 - 7 . Po n r 2, n f s e' u e e t n oc s o ti d 1 rcn DE 3 4 o 3 1 ) s e t tfe t t he co i esiid ha ntnued t co a t Pas c and t bilng de rment t c r t t o nt c cuc i he li pa t o orec he i c s ( ne tsi nvoie . Pos r etmony) . 1 On Fe uar 11 201 Pas uc ie al d Pos ra a 3. br y , 6, c c m ie ne n ddendu t t ELSA f hi t exe ut . m o he or m o c e ( 51- a 1. The a nd pr ded t tt i ng Anne t t ELSA woul be DE 5 t ) dde um ovi ha hePrci x o he d m o fed t pr vi if prci cha ge f Labor t y Ser c s lbe ass tf t on dii o o de, i he i ng r d or aor vies hal e orh An e h Di gnosi s PSI Fe Sc dul as m odi d fom tm e t tm e f is c t m e s tc a tc ' e he e, fe r i o i or t uso r g r ly,a i e f t a t tme t La r t y Se vi s a e pe f m ed, s be tt a y ene a l nd n fec t he i he bo aor r ce r ror u jc o n dicou sors ca prcngi ntte beow. (d.a 2) Thea s nt pe il ii de ii d l ' I t . ' ddendum pr de t tt ovi d ha he 4 c f ctve dae oft adde fe i t he ndum w a Se e r 1 201 . (d.. s pt mbe , 5 I ) 1 Pos rt sii d t the di notsgn t a ndum be a e t efec i dae wa 2 mont 4. ne e tfe ha d i he dde c us he f tve t s hs al rt efctvedaeoft ELSA. ( ne t tmony) fe he fe i t he Pos r esi . l On Aprl1 201 Pas uc e a ld Pos ragan, atc i gt e2 6PSIFe S he ue( 5. i 4, 6, c ci m ie ne i ta h n h 01 e c d l DE 514)bu noe t t$1a nota et a sg t s prc t youra ountuntlyouha sgned - t td ha $ m bl o sin he e ies o cc i ve i a f wade Adde nd or r d ndum ....' ( 513) ' DE - . 1 Pos rc i dt rc vemo hl i c . ( 53- t 53-7) Hepads oft pas 6. ne ontnue o e ei nt y nvoies DE 3 o 1 . i ome he t d ebaa c b t dn t k f l p y ns (J) u ln e u di o ma e u l a me t . f ., 1 Po ne rc ie a fn liv ieo Oco e 31 2 6 ( 5 - 7 . l pr vd st a Po n r 7. s r e ev d a n o c n tb r , 01 . DE 3 1 ) t o ie h t s e o sAne h$ 20 9.6. Ld a 1 . S mei atrP s e d dn t yta iv ie An e h we tc 2 ,0 1 l . t ) o tme fe o n r i o pa h t n o c , t c c ae p o i ig lb s r ie . ( s e tsi ny . Po n rt n satd sndng h s lb e s d r v dn a ev c s Po n r etmo ) s e he tre e i i a sr c st anot rvendor (#.. evie o he . .) J l Ale t sii d t the ha no frtha knowl 8. ln e tte ha d is- nd edge of t ne itons l a ng u t t he gota i e di p o he e c i oft ELSA bewe n Pos ra Ant h. ( 1n tsi xe uton he t e ne nd ec A1e e tmony) He sae t the . ttd ha wo l n t a ea r v do tetr of h ELS wihPS1 rcn (#.. Ho v r h d d ud o h v pp o e f h ems t e A t p ii g. ; ) we e , e i notrviw t ELSA a a ove i. (#.. Pa c s i no lnge emplyed wih Antc e e he nd ppr t f ) s us i s o r o t e h. (#.. J) 1 Ant c pr s nt d e tt si o ast isa lge l tpr hsbas d ont t r i ton oft 9. e h e e e xper e tm ny o t le d os of e he e m na i he ELSA i lt 20 6 ( i tsi n ) J l Ret ac riid p bl a c u tn , e t id n ae 1 . Ret e t y . om i h mo h, e t e u i c o n a t tsi e f c f a pr de a e r r por ( 5 2) nd ovi d n xpe t e tDE 3- . CO NC LU SI N S O F LA W O Ant c c endst tPos rbr ac d t ELSA be us he f ie t pa t a ount he e h ont ha ne e he he ca e a ld o y he m s 5 o d u d rt e e nr c ( 2 ,989 ) a d t th b e c e t ee l ii pr vso b u ig we n e h o ta t $ 2 8 .7 , n ha e ra h d h xcusvt o iin y sn y a he c pa f dignosi s r ce . Ant h s e t val ofou sa ng i c , l t not r om ny or a tc e vi s ec e ks he ue t tndi nvoies os pr is u r t ELSA ,a eer ton and i oft nde he cc l a i mmedit r pa e of t l n, a r as bl a e e ym nt he oa nd e ona e at neys f e unde t ELSA. Pos ra guest tAnt c i e hi t e e i t t ELSA tor ' e s r he ne r ha e h nduc d m o nt r n o he byr pr e i i woul pr det s r c a as t i dic ntt isr a l ii , butf ie e es ntng t d ovi he e vies t ubsantal s ou o t eti prcng a ld t pr vi hi t di c edprcng. o o de m he s ount ii Choie o La . Asa di r iy c e,f de alpr e allw a t s tntve lw of c f w ve st as e r oc dur a nd he ubsa i a Fl i a y. M c orda ppl Mahan v Tot 256F. 11 11 ( 1h Ci.2001. Paagrph 1 oft . o, 3d 20, 32 1 t r ) r a 0 he ELSA c a ns achoi - - a pr s on, c s a e : ' sA gr e e i t be gove ne by a ont i ce of l w ovi i whi h t t s t Thi e m nt s o r d nd c tue i a or ncewih t i e na lwsoft Stt o Ca ior a,wihou gi ng e f t onsr d n cc da t he nt r l a he ae f lf ni t t vi fed o a y c c of1w orc lc oflw pr son orr e( t roft Stt ofCaior aora n hoie a onfit a ovii ul whehe he ae lf ni ny oh r urs ito )ta wo l c us tea piaino t elwsofa yj rs ito oh rt a t e t e j idcin h t u d a e h p lc to f h a n u idcins t e h n h Saeo Caio na' ( 5 2a 4 . tt f lf r i. DE - t ) ' k n di r iy c es t c ce o -a r esoft f u s aede e mi wha lw g r , i ve st as ,he hoi - f lw ul l he or m t t t r ne t a ove ns a unde Fl rdalw , urse o c c ce oflw pr so unl st 1w oft c e f m nd r o i a co t nf r e hoi - -a ovii ns es he a he hos n onl c nr v n ssr n p b i p lc . l trac Ka ne,LLC v J o g Ch s Ba k A a.70 o ta e e to g u lc o iy' nef e n r ' . pM r an a e n (d, 4 F.d 9 7 9 2 ( 1h Ci.2 1 )(nena q oain a d ctto so te ) 1a a r o n 3 2 , 3 1 t r 0 3 itr l u tto s n iain mi d . m wa e f o t r s n why e or e e oft c c oflw pr son c r ve Fl i publc polc a ea o nf c m nt he hoie- -a ovii onta nts orda i iy, nd i d net rpa t hasadva edt tposton. Ac di y, ior as t ntve 1w a is ndee ihe ry nc ha ii cor ngl Calf ni ubsa i a pple t t br ac ofc r c c am , o he e h onta t l i Le St ndard. Unde Calf ni lw,t elme t ofbr a h ofconr tar (1 t gal a r ior a a he e ns ec tac e ) he e se e of t c r t xitnc he ontac, pli ifs pero ma or e us f nonpe fr nc ( antf' fr nce xc e or roma e, 3) 6 dee ntsbrac and ( t rs tng da gest t pl ntf Oasi W estRealy LLC v fnda ' e h, 4) he e uli ma o he ai if s t . . Go d n 2 0P.d 1 l ,1 21( l 2 1. lma , 5 3 1 5 l Ca. 01 ) Thepa ol e de r eS ovi t twhe pa te e e ani eg a edm it n a e m e r e vi nce ul d des ha pr n ri s nt r nt r t te gr e nt , e rnsce de emaynotber le upont at rora t t t msoft wrtng.' Rie il xti i vi nc e id o le dd o he er he ii ' v rsand Col St age I v Fr s M ade a Pr duci Cr tAs oc., 2 P.d 31 ,31 ( 1 2 1 ) d or , nc. . e nor o ton edi s 91 3 6 8 Ca. 0 3 . d i eg a e a e m e i a wrtng orwrtngsc tt i a fna e e son ofoneormor $ nt r t d gr e nt s An ii ii onsiutng i l xpr s i e tr ofa a e nt' 1 (ntr quotto maksomitd) See alo Alig v Uniersal ems n greme .' d. i enal ain r te . s ln v . Mf Co p.5Ca. p. t 1 2 1 3 ( lCtAp l 9 )(g e me ti ûne r td'i i i $ g. r , lAp 4 h 41 , 4 4 Ca. . p. 9 2 a r e n s i tg ae 'f t s ( i a c plt and fna e bo men oft t m sofa a e m e .';Ca. d Ci . o .j 1 5 a om e e i l m di t he er n gr e nt ' l Co e v Pr c 8 6() ) (n ag e me t i it r t i i i dnt d by t pa tes as a fna e e son of t i a r e n s neg aed f t s ' ende i he ri i l xprs i her a r e n '. k c u t o sd r s v rlfco swh n d tr nig wh te a a re n i a g e me t) ' o r c n ie s e ea a tr e ee mi n eh r n g e me t s n ' A i tg ain:( )t ep e e c o a itg ain ca e ( )t e c nr c' lng g a d a p r n ne rto 1 h r s n e f n n e rto lus ' 2 h o ta ts a ua e n p ae t , c mpee e s o i c mpltn s ;( ) i a p ry a g s a oh r c nr c e it,wh te t a o ltn s r n o ee e s 3 f a t r ue n t e o ta t x ss eh r h t a e me ' tr c r ditt e oft wrte c r t ( whehe t alged a tona gre nts e ms onta c hos he itn ontac' 4) t r he le , ddii l a re n wo dnau al bema ea aspaaea re n ;a ()whehe e ti i e d nc g e me t ul tr l y d s e r t g e me t nd 5 t r xrnsc vie e mih c n u etej r . fe n rM a eIln ,L v Sta f s I s Co. 1 6 F.S p 3 9 9 g t o f s h u y' n a r sa d LC . e d a t n . , 7 ' u p. d 4 , 9 2 6 ( D. l 2 6 ( ingSio Lt.v Ceu Cop.51F.d 8 8 8 9( t Ci.1 9 )a 6 - 3 E. Ca. 01 ) ct c r d . ts r , 3 4 , 5 9 h r 9 5 nd i M cu nv. eat I .Cos, Ca . lai Gr Am. ns .208 l App. 1 , 1 8 ( lCtAp 1 99. Th tr st 3d 476 4 4 Ca. . p. 98 ( e ems e f rh i ani e a e a ee o t n nt gr t d gr ment' y bee ane o s plm e edbyc s ofde i orus t ma xpli d r up e nt our e alng age oftad orby c s ofpe f r nce. Ca .CodcCi . Pr j1856( . r e our e r o ma ' ' l v oc. c) How e r exti i e denc c le ng t va i t of a i eg a ed a e e is l i ve , rnsc vi e ha l ngi he ldiy n nt r t gr em nt t e f s no ba r d. Ri rsand,291 P. a 31 SEvi nc t pr t tt i tum e i voi o t re ve il 3d t 9. i de e o ove ha he nsr nt s d r voi ef m itke,faud, du es ,unduei l nc , il lt at r ton lck ofeonsde a i o dabl or sa r r s nfue e legaiy, le a i , a i r ton, r a he i ldai c us i a isbl .' 1 (ntr l quotton mar omi e . Suc not r nvai tng a e s dm s i e ' d. i ena ai ks t d) t h fe de does not c r dit t tr s of a e f c i i eg ai be us i s ivi nce onta c he e m n fe tve nt r ton ca e t hows t t t ha h e pur re i tume ha no lgalefe t' 1 (ntr lquoai mar omi e . l henfa po td nsr nt s e f c . ' d. i ena tton ks t d) i t W rud i pr s oven,i ca t nnotbe m ant i t tt pa tes feey en e e i o a ag ee e r teci a i aned ha he ri r l t r d nt n r m nt el tng me i oft mi . I a 324. etng he nds' d. t ' Br ac ofCont ac Cl m. Consde ai ofe rnsce de i pr r TheELSA i e h r t ai i r ton xti i vi nce s ope . s nota i eg a e agr e e ,a l s ast prcng. Alhough t ELSA hasa i egr ton ca e, n nt r t d e m nt t ea t o ii t he n nt ai lus ot f t ss her acor how t t ELSA i noti e atd ast t prc ng t r s TheELSA pr de hat he s ntgr e o he ii e m . ovi s t a,s jep ie c ag dfrLa r tr S r ie s al ea s t o t o An e hDig o tcsF e h tith rc s h r e o bo ao y e vc s h l b s e f rh n tc a n si' e g Sc dul ,asmodii fom tme t tme f iscusome s g ne aly, a i efe ta t tme t he e fed r i o i or t t r e r l nd n f c t he i he La a or Se vies a e peror e .' ( 5- a 3) (mphai adde . Thee was no Fee bor t y r c r f m d ' DE 2 t e ss d) r Sc dul a t c t t ELSA. Thus t prce tr s we e no i or r t i o t ELSA . he e ta hed o he i em r t nc po aed nt he , he The e rnsc e de e,t r f e,d snotc r ditt e es t r soft agr m c , a t xti i vi nc he e or oe onta c he xpr s e m he ee nt s he ELSA i slnt as t t prc t r s l ed,t ELSA pr de t t t prci m a be s ie o he i e em . nde he ovi s ha he i ng y dmodii fom tm et tm ef isc t rg ne aly.' ( 5 2a 3 . ç fed r i o i or t usome e r l ' DE - t ) 1 fnd t tt Pari en e ed i o a vai a e or e bl co r ct Pos s i ha he tes t r nt ld nd nf c a e nta . ner ought t o de e a i t t br c of c r t cli bas d upo fa e i cme , due t M s. f nd ga ns he ea h ontac am e n r udulnt nduc nt o Pas c ' r pr e a i r r ngPS1prcng whi l e hi t e e i o t a ee cuc is e es nt tons ega di ii ch ur d m o nt r nt he gr mentwih t An ec il i wele t bls t ta de r d de e ntm a s tup t fa asa de e e.'' t h. 't s l sa ihed ha faude f nda y e he r ud f ns Bowm er v.H .C.Loui lnc. 243 Cal App. 2(501 5 ( . s, , . 1 , 03 Ct App.1 . SE c r ti ed 966) CA) ontac nduc by fa r nde st e ieag e m e tvoi bl , pe mitng t a i d pa t t def nd a s ton r ud e r he ntr r e n da e r ti he ggreve ry o e ui tec nrc b o j cigt ise f re n b c us prc rdo id c db fa d' FietM enu, h o ta t y b e tn o t n o c me t e a e o u e r n u e y r u ' l . l .v C C. .drG. I . 79 Ca . Ap . t 8 2 8 2 ( 0 0 . A deru e p ry' rg t a od nc . f , nc , l p 4h 5 , 6 2 0 ) fa d d a t s iht o v i la lt unde t c r c f fa i l t h we e,tft e ij rd p ry atr a q iig ibiiy r he onta t or r ud s os, o v r s h n u e a t, fe c u rn i knowldge oft fa m a f t a i e i n t afim t c r c .' Bowme v H C.Loui, e he r ud, niess n nt nto o fr he onta t ' r . s I . 243 Ca.App.2d a 503 (ntr lciainsomitd) l t s c e,Pos c i d t nc, l t i ena tto te . n hi as ner ontnue o peror u rt ELSA f ove aye r i t ndi t r t i t bene i soft c r t A ss h, f m nde he or r a , n e ng o e a n he tt he ontac . uc he elc e t afim t c r c ,d pie be om i a r oft fa , a hi team e oft e t d o fr he onta t es t c ng wa e he r ud nd s r t nt he c r cta bi ng r ule i a e f c i waverofa cai offa . Eu ac v.Lync 43 onta s ndi es t d n n fe tve i ny l m r ud st e h, Ca . p 2 4 6 4 ( 9 )($ ep ro whoh sb e mildi rq rd, ss o a h lan lAp . d 8 , 91 1 41 i Th e s n a e n se s e uie a o n s e e r s t tut wih a1r s bl dii nc t diafim t c r c , ora ndon t ta a ton,a he r h, t l ea ona e lge e o s fr he onta t ba he r ns c i nd gve t ohe pa t a o runiy ofr s i ng i, a ofr s o i bot oft m t t i orgi l i he t r ry n ppo t t e cndi t nd e t rng h he o her i na poston. i notal ii He s lowedt go o a de i alpos i ebe ft fp t ta aci n, a t n o n nd rve l sbl ne s r m he r ns to nd he cai t ber le fom hi own o i to byar ciso orar us t pe f m on hi ownpa t l m o e ived r s blgai n es s i n ef al o r or s r. 1 ,a trdic i t untut oft r pr e a i , he c f fe s overng he r h he e es nt tons onduc shi e fwih r e e e t t t ms l t efr nc o he ta a ton a t ug i wer sils itng a bi ng, t r by wavesal be i ofa r i r ns c i s ho h t e tl ubssi nd ndi he he e i l ncft nd elef fo temirp e e tto s'(n en lq oainmak a dtto so te l. r m h se rs n ai n . itr a u tto r s nd ai n mi d ) ' t Th ,a bi ng c r twa f med a t tco r c i notvoi bl due t fa e us ndi ontac s or nd ha nta t s da e o r udul nt i nduee nt The t r s of t c r c as t p ii we e pr me . em hc onta t o rc ng r oven a ti l t oug pr ry t ra hr h ope l c i r d e rnsce de e. Thee de r l i t t f m a i oft c r c esabls d onsde e xti i vi nc vi nce eatng o he or ton he onta t t ihe t a t p risa r e t a Po ne wo l b s j c t PS p ii . Po n rt sii d t tM s h t he a te g e d h t s r u d e ube t o l rcng s e e tfe ha . Pas cc i or hi t thewoul bebil d a PSlprc i hea i f a be meame be cu i nf med m ha d le t ies f ppled or nd ca m r ofPSI Pos i toduce hi a i ton wih PSI whi h w asda ed J 26, 5, he s m e da e . ner n r d s pplcai t c t une 201 t a t , 9 Pos re ut t ELSA . Thea iaton alolsedM s Pa c ciast r f r a s c Thi ne xec ed he pplc i s it . s uc he e e r l our e, s ic s ompeli e de e t t M s Pa c ciand Pos neg it d a ag e d t t PSIprci lng vi nc ha . s uc ner ota e nd r e o he i ng t r . Addii l t emaisbewe n Pos a Ant c s em tonaly, he l t e ner nd e h how t Antchund soodt tPS1 hat e ert ha prc ng wa a iabl a t Pos rne ded t c r ta bilng is wih hi r pr e a i ii s val e nd hat ne e o orec ny li s ue t s e es nt tve , M s Pas uc . Fi ly, Ant c s e l t Pos r ta m it d a 201 Fee Sche e w hi . c ci na l e h' mais o ne r ns te 6 dul , eh pr dedt s t ofprce :a Antch ls prcea PS1prc . Thus t evi nces ovi wo e s i s n e it i nd ie ,he de howst t() ha 1 t eELS dd n th v p ii atc e t i;( )Antc o frd PS prcn ()M s Pascucci h A i o a e rcng ta h d o t 2 e h fee l iig; 3 . if r dPo n rt t ewo db s j c t PSI rcn i h b c meame e o PSI ()Po n r n o me s e ha h ul e ube t o p iig f e e a mb r f ;4 s e s it d hi applc ton t PS1o t da he e cut t ELSA a lse M s Pa c ciast ubm te s iai o n he y xe ed he nd it d . s uc he r fra s u c ;a d ( )a tre e uin o t ELS An e h s n Po ne a ls o p ie ta e erl o re n 5 fe x c to f he A, tc e t s x it f rc s h t i l d PSlprc . Thus t c r c c e plt d t tPos rwoul r ei PS1prcng, a ncude ies a e ha ne d ec ve ii nd , he onta t ontm Ant c frtbr c d t c r tby nothono i t a e u prcng t ms e h is ea he he ontac rng he gr ed pon ii er . To pr vai i is br ac of co r c c am , howe r Ant c mus pr ve not onl t e ln t e h nta t l i ve , e h t o y he e se ofaco r c a abr ac by Pos , bu alot tAnt c pe f m e unde t c r c xit nce nta t nd e h ner t s ha e h ror d r he onta t ( ha a e us f isnonpef ma ) Se Oass We tRe t LLC v Gol or d n xc e or t ror nce . e i s aly dman,250 P.d 3 . 111 11 1( .2011. Ant hdi n honort PSIprcngtr , ndasars tica mee 5, 2 Ca1 ) ec d ot he ii ems a e ul t nnot t isbur n ofpr ngt ti pe f m e unde t c r ts a t s tsy t s cond ee e ofis t de ovi ha t ror d r he ontac o s o a if he e lm nt t br a h ofcon r ctcli . Acc di y,j d me to t scam wi bee trdi fv ro Po n r ec ta am or ngl u g n n hi li l l n ee n a o f s e and a i tAnt c ga ns e h. Equiabl Re edy. Not t tndi Ant c s i lt t pr va lon is br ac of t e m wihsa ng e h' nabiiy o e i t e h c r c el i ,e t de a t tPos rpa f t s r c pr de t hi by A n ec , al t ont a t a m quiy m nds ha ne y or he e vi es ovi d o m t h bei a PSIprcng. Addii ly,Pos rm us pa ta l r pa t $15,000. l t ii tona l ne t rily e y he 00 oan. 10 k nt mer trf st t weletbls dprnci et tçhe1w i isapr s t s oua um ui eer o he l-sa ihe i pl ha t a mple omie o pa f s vies pe f med unde cr u sa s dicl i t t t y or er c ror r ic m t nce s osng ha hey we e not gr t t usy r a uio l r nde e '' Fai v Bak i i 1 Ca. App. 1 35 1 50( 1 ( ingHu kn on t Br v e r d.' r . htar, 95 l 41 1 , 1 201 ) ct i s is f own . r 1zl' Cal4t 453, ( 1- i 32 . h 458 2004)(ntr ct i o te ) Qu nu meuti d n e utbe i enal iatons mitdl o a tm r i s ' q i l a a . r med i ple by t l unde whih a pl i if who has r nder d s r c s be itng t e e y m id he aw r c antf e e e vi e netti h defndantmay r c e e overt r s bl vaue oft e s r c whe nec s r t pr he ea ona e l hos e vies n es a y o e v n uj s e t nut e i hme oft d e nt' I re D e L aurenti Ent t nm ent Grou l 963 F. 1269, nrc nt he ef nda . ' n is er ai p nc 2d ., 1 ( hci.1 272 9t r 992) The docti i based upon St pr sin and r cei ofbeneft and t rne s k he ovi o e pt is he . ij sie t two d rs l t t e p ry p o ii to e b n f sa s n c e s to ' 1L at n u tc ha ul e ut o h a t r vdng h s e ei b e t omp n ain ' 6 t . 1 2. So l a apli ifi s e ng onl one r co r , tti e il d t purue bo h conta 27 ong s a ntf s e ki y e ve y s s ntte o s i t r ct cam sa qua um m eui eli sarsng o oft s me ta a ton.' l re D eLaurenti at li nd nt r t am ii ut he a r ns c i ' n is 1 F 3. i r e 272 N ' e overi qua t me ui, apa t ne notpr t e se ofac r c , To n n um r t ry td ove he xit nce onta t but mus s t how t cr ums a e we e s h t t t s r c we e r nder d unde s he ic t nc s r uc ha he e vies r e e r ome unde sa ng ore r t ndi xpeca i n o b0t pa te t tc tto f h ri s ha ompe ai n t r f ewa t bem a .' Fai a ns to he e or s o de ' r t 1 5 (n en l u tto makso te ) 1 0 itr a q o ain r mi d . t Pos ra guest tAnt h c nnotr ove on a q nt m c ui t or be us i di not ne r ha ec a ec r ua um r t he y ca e t d i l a qua um mer tc am i t Compl i . Pos rciesno l w t s por t s a s ri . ncude nt ui l i n he ant ne t a o up t hi s e ton Ant h,on t ot r ha f is t a e s t s is a al - is cl i brefpr s e t t ec he he nd, al o ddr s hi s ue t l - t osng i e um s ha e t bl r le i a ia e, t tadd es i t que tonofwhe he isf iur t expr s l s e quia e e if s val bl wihou r sng he s i t r t al e o e sy e k qua um m e i r le f e os sr co r fo Pos r nt rt ei f or cl e e ve y r m ne . la a r ofno a hort whih wo d p e l mefo rndei aj m wae ut iy c ul r cude r m e rng udgme whih nt c f i l dipos oft s m a t r a t ca e uly e ua i t e de m e e e a t e t bl a ry s es hi t e fer r f l val tng he vi nce s nt d nd he quia e c i r tons i ve l d e ,h n to o r a h n ter s l whc j tc rq ie g e t ons de a i nvol d. n e d tc oi n f e c i g h e ut ih usie e u rs o s o t ec r o ti c u ts u iil u cin Thi i ai embodi i Feder Rul ofCi lProcedur h o e f h s o r'j dca f n to . s de s ed n al e vi e 5 , ihp o ie t ttn lu g n s o dg a t h r le t wh c e c p ryi e tte , even 4 wh c r vd s ha iia j d me t h ul r n t e eif o ih a h a t s n i d f l ftert / h sn t man e t a r le n i pla ig . Fe . Ci P. 4 (mp a i a d d h z y a o de d d h t ei t e dn s' d R. v, 5 e h ss d e ) r fi s b . Se alo Hol Ci cCl v C# e s t vi ub . o s ao s , 9U.. 0 6 ( 9 )(s meioi u cam wil fTu c lo a 43 S 6 , 6 1 78 i rtro s li l a n t erjce f rwa t apry rf ra p o raerle ';We tr DititCo n iv Lo iin o b ee td o n of a e o p r p it eif) se n src u cl . usa a Pa ç cCo p.8 2F. 1 2, 41 -1 (t Ci.98 )( o dn e s n t o be a s c u t o l ch r , 9 2d 41 1 6 7 9h r1 9 h l ig a e o mo t c u e o r c u d grntr y ofr csi e n t a emed esison ve houghpli ifhadnotr uetdt srme . M orove ,i i antf eq se hi e dy) e r ts we le t ihe t tadititc tsi ente tbl powe sar br , e a i j d e Sod l- sabls d ha src our' nher quia e r e oad n bl u g s k o ng t equiy a t moul e ch de e t t ne es iis of t pa tc a c e.' Port r v. W arner t nd o d a cr e o he c ste he ri ulr as ' e Hol ngCo.328U. 395, ( 946)(shecomprhensve s' t dititco ts' quia e di , S. 398 1 t t e i nes'of he src ur' d tbl e j rs it ni n tt b d ne o l tdi tea s n eo ace ra dv l lg sai ec mma d. u idci s o o e e id r i e n h b e c f la n ai e iltv o n o mi d Unl s asa ut i s m a wor o by anec s r a i s pa ei e e , r s r c st c ts e s tt e n o ny ds, r es a y nd ne ca bl nf r nce e t i t he our ' j rs eini e ui t ef lso eo t a j rs ito i t berc nie a da pl d'(n en l u idito n q t h ul c p f h t u idcin s o e og z d n p i - itr a y, e ' quot i maksa cttonsomit ) aton r nd iai tedl. Alhough Ant h di noti ude a quan um me ui cai i is c pl nt An e h di t ec d ncl t r t l m n t om ai , t c d i l t f l ng ge r l pr ye f r le : t antf Ant c Dignosis I . her by ncude he olowi ne a a r or e if i i if pl eh a tc , nc e r s cf ly rq e t j d me tt b e trd i isfvo a da an tDee d n M ih e Po ne, epe tu l e u ss u g n o e n ee n t a r n g is fn a t c a l s r pusc ss itr s, to n ys fe ,a da loh rs c r le sti Ho r be Co r d e j s l o t, nee t atr e ' e s n I te u h ei fa hs no a l u t e ms u t andprpe., ( 1at5(mpha i a l. AtlatoneCic tCour o Appe l hasafr d o r' DE e ss dded) es rui tf as fime t gr ntng of qua um m e ui r le unde s m ia cie s a es a i doi s e es l he a i nt r t ei f r i l r r um t nc , nd n ng o xpr s y uphel t c tt i naiy ofFede a Rul ofCi lPr e e 54. Se M i lDelBalo,I . d he onsiuto lt rl e vi oc dur e chae s nc, 12 p Car z a,1 F. 28 ( C.Ci.1 )( r e o ewast r c ves r ofpr ssfo . o z 36 2d 0 D. r 943 whee mplye o e ei hae ott r m swe c n tu to p oe ta c mp n ain frh ss r c sb te o e wr ngul tr n td e r o sr cin rj c s o e s to o i evie u mply r o f l emiae y e o me tb f r c mplto o s we p o e ta d n p o is a cue i c mpein o te mply n eo e o ein f e r rj c n o r ft c r d n o lto f h p oe tt ee ly ewa p o el alwe t r c v ro b ss q a t meuiu d r r y r o rj c,h mpo e s r p ry l d o e o e n a i of u num r t n e p a e f r o g nea r le) l e rl eit. Conc uson. Ba e on t f goi lfnd t tAnt c s lc of a s cii c am f r l i sd he or ng, i ha e h' a k pe fc l i o q a tm me utrle d sn tc nsr i my e e cs o ds rto t rnd ra fi j dg n u nu r i eif oe o o tan x rie f icein o e e ar u me t . Ac r ngl Pos r mus pa Ant c $1 01 74 f un i lb s r i es a PS1prcng a co di y, ne t y e h 3, 4. or pa d a e v c t ii nd $1 707. ofprncpa pl i e es f r payme on t l n. Ant h i note il t l t 2, 00 i i l us nt r t or e nt he oa ec s ntted o os pr is,a d net rpary i e i r pr valng i t sm at rf pur eso t at ne sf e oft n ihe t s onsde ed e ii n hi te or pos f he tor y' e pr sonso t c r c . ovii f he onta t Se vi s Re r r ce nde ed. The Pari ' e tm ai dif r wih r s c t how m uc Pos r tes si tons fe t e pe t o h ne wo d ha bee bil ha PSIprc ng be n i ul ve n led d ii e mpos d a t i pto oft c r c . Pos e t he nce i n he onta t ner s ist tPSIprc ng woul ha r e t bilby da muc a 450a,a t tk r viw by ubm t ha ii d ve educ d he l is h s /' nd ha d e e a cou elof t i c s it 'i c t s Pos r s d ha be n bild onl $1 ,252. ns he nvoies ubm ted' ndia e ne houl ve e le y 5 93 bewe J y,1 2015 a De e r201 ( 59 a 11 . Antc s t t tPSIprcng t en ul , nd c mbe 6. DE t ) e h ubmis ha ii woul ha r ule i r hl a 30% r ton i t ove al bil a d ve es t d n oug y educi n he r l led moun f t s t or he ame dat e r nge.DE 60a 6-) Antchatc da a a ( t 7 . e ta he n ppendi t iscosngbre whi c ai adeald x o t l i if ch ont ns tie e a ton oft p oc s i us d t r t oa tve y a y PSIpr c ng t t i voi s a i s . ()! xpl na i he r es t e o e r c i l ppl i i o he n ce t s ue ti 1Ir cog i t tt pialy, a pa t wilnotbe gi n r ifnots cii i isc e n ze ha y c l ry l ve ele pe fed n t ompli ant wh r t ef i r t a kf r riua rle s p eu ie t eo p sngp ryt a iwo l b u j t ee h al e o s o pat lr eif o rj dc s h p o i a t h tt u d e nus u c t gr nt s h r i . Se Coo r v Ge Am Lfel .Co. 8 F. 729( t Ci. 6) No o a uc elef e pe . n. ns , 27 3d 8h r 201 . p eu iewi r s tb my g a tn Antc e utbe rle ta i h sn te p e sy s u h,a rj dc l eul y l rni g e h q ia l eif h t t a o x rs l o g t s . Pos rha be n m a awar oft sis a hasha ampl opporuniy t behe r . ne s e de e hi s ue nd d e t t o ad 13 6 a 11 1 . Ant h' a oa h s msr a ona e a isc c ai a a t beac urt 0 t - 2) ec s ppr c ee e s bl nd t alultons ppe r o c ae. Ther f e Ic l t Pos r woul ha be bil a t a of$20, 41 i he had been e or oncude hat ne d ve en led ot l 188 f . s b e t oPS p iigfo t b gn i g2 M yi e e d n r ve o t iv c sid c tst a u jc t l rcn r m he e in n . nd p n e t e iw f he n oie n iae h t Pos rma pa e st alng$7, 73. Hei enttedt c edi f t sa ount and sot t al ne de ym nt ot i 1 67. s il o r t or hi m he ot , o d f s r c sr nder d i $1 01 74. we or e vi e e e s 3, 4. 3 Loa Pos rmus pa talyr yt $15, 00 l n, us7% i t r s a c ue pu s nt n. nc t ri l epa he 000. oa pl n e e t c r d r ua t t t msoft c r d. Pos ri enttedt f g ve s oft a o he er he onta ne s il o or i ne s he nnuall n pa ntf Ye r oa yme or a On o t c nrc ( 3 1 30 ) b c u eh s tsid tea n a mii m feo lg to f rt a e f he o ta t $ ,9 .0 , e a s e aife h n u l nmu e bi ain o h t ye . The e or Pos ri oblgaedt r - $11 8 00,pl i e es. Ant c s m ist ti i ar r f e, ne s i t o e pay , 07. us nt r t e h ub t ha t s e tte t a c u ditr s tr u hJ l l 2 7 ( 6 a 7 ,h r fr a c r i t t es h d l nild o c r e n ee t h o g uy , 01 DE 0 t ) teeo e c o dng o h c e u e s tfrh i t e ELS ( 5 - a 8 ,a d a trtk n it a c u tt itr s a u tt b e ot n h A DE 3 1 t ) n fe a i g no c o n he n ee t mo n o e f gi n,Pos rm us pay a addii nal$900. Thet ald f l r ym e ti t r f e or ve ne t n to 00. ot ue or oan epa n s he e or $1 707. 2, 00. Los Pr is Ant h f ie t pe f m unde t ELSA by deci ngt honorPSIprci t ott . ec a ld o ror r he lni o i ng t r . Ant h s e e ms ec ubs quen l e d t c r ty nde he ontadualr a i hi wih Pos ralogehe when i eltons p t ne t t r t soppe s r ci Pos r Ac o dngy, rj c Ane h' cam f rl s p o is t d e vi ng ne . c r i l l ee t tc s li o o t r ft. Ator s Fees. Ant c a gue t ti i entte t a t ne f esundert t r soft t ney' e h r s ha t s il d o tor ys' e he e m he ELSA,wh c p o i e t a 'ij a y p ry c mme c s a y p o e dng wi rs e tt ti ih r v d s h t tf n a t o n e n r c e i s t e p c o h s g h Agr e e t pr valng pa t i s h ltgai oro he pr e di s l be e il d t r ove e m nt he e ii ry n uc ii ton t r oc e ng hal ntte o ec r 2Due t a misng i c Pos r i nOtoblgaed t pa f a s r ce Ant h ma ha o s i nvoi e, ne s i t o y or ny e vi s ec y ve r nde e t Pos rsveerna ypr c ie d i t mont ofNove r201 . e r d o ne ' t i r a tc urng he h mbe 5 3Ide i t awa d $2, 97 i s r ce c r swhi Ant c ar ue s d a y,gi n t t clne o r 603. n e vi ha ge ch e h g s houl ppl ve ha t e cha ge w e e i pos d a l a t i pa tbas upon A n e h' over li , w hi h r ule i hes r s r m e t es n r ed tc s bilng c es t d n Pos rsde ii n t r f epaymen a t r by i ne ' c so o e us t nd he e ncurt ec r s hos ha ge . 1 4 fom t ot pary a l c t of t pr e ngs i udi r s na e c t ,ator r he her t 1 oss he oce di , ncl ng ea o bl oss t ney f e , es p o e so a fe a doh re p ns sic re b s hp e aln pat i s c p o e dn s' ( r fs in l e s n t e x e e n u r d y uc r v iig ry n u h r c e ig . DE ' 60a 8 . Antc r i onasmia at ne f pr sonr ai t t $1 000pr mis ynot t) e h eles i lr tor y ee ovii eltng o he 5, o sor e. Ide i t awa d a t ne s f s he e be a e I d notbele eiherpa t s d be clne o r tor y' ee r c us o ive t ry houl c i r d S e ii ' Ant h br a he t ELSA by r usng t honorPSIprcng a t n onsde e s va lng, pr ' ec e c d he ef i o ii nd he unia e a l tr i t d t con r c ua r a i hi None he e si i e ildt s eda a sas lt r ly e m na e he ta t l eltons p. t l s t s ntte o om m ge amat rofe t a betnotm uc a i cli i i owe Pos rr us t payAnt c eve t te quiy, l i h s t a ms t s d. ne ef ed o e h n he PSIprc s f s r c r nde e whih he ac i e or e vi es e r d c knowldg he owe He i labl t Ant c f e ed d. si e o e h or t es r c sr nde e des t t thes cc ede i pe s di t c tha hi ve sonofe t hos e vi e e r d, pie ha u e d n rua ng he our t t s r i ven s r r ng t f maton oft c r c a hi entte e t PSlprc ng wa c edi e. Thus ega di he or i he onta t nd s ilm nt o ii s r bl , neihe pary tu y pr vaied f pur esofe ilm e t at ne sf es t r t r l e l or pos ntte nt o tor y' e . Ba e u o t ea o efn i g o fc a d cmcu imso lw,i i t ej d me to te s d p n h b v id n s f a t n c lsc f a t s h u g n f h c t ha Ant h f ie t e tbls isbr a h ofc r tcli a i tPos r howe rAnt chi our t t ec al d o sa ih t e c ontac am gans ne , ve e s e t ld t e utb ed ma e i tea u to $ ,217 Fia j d me twi bee trd b ni e o q ia l a g s n h mo n f 257 .4. n l u g n l n ee y t l s pa a e Or r e r t de . DONE AND ORDERED i Cha r , atW es Pal Beach,Flri t s A f da of n mbe s y t m o da, hi M ay,2018. DON ALD M . I M DDLEBROOKS UN I TED STATES DI STRI J CT UDGE Copi st Cot e ofRe or e o: ms l c d
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