Zurich American Insurance Company v. Amerisure Insurance Company et al, No. 9:2016cv81393 - Document 66 (S.D. Fla. 2017)
Court Description: OPINION AND ORDER granting 43 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Third Amended Complaint due by 1/27/2017. Signed by Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks on 1/19/2017. (yha)
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Zurich American Insurance Company v. Amerisure Insurance Company et al Doc. 66 I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA Cas No.9: 6- 81 M I e 1 CV- 393- DDLEBRO OKS ZURI AM ERI CH CAN I NSUM NCE COM PANY, Pl ntf, ai if AM ERI SURE F NSURANCE COM PANY, AM ERI SURE M UTUAL W SUM NCE COM PANY,HARTFORD FI I RE NSURAN CE COM PANY, HARTFORD CASUALTY I NSUM NCE COM PAN Y a HARTFORD w nd UNDERW RI TERS m SURAN CE COM PANY, De e f ndant. s / O R DE R A ND O PI I N G R A NTI G DE FEN DA N TS A M ER I R E I SU M N C E N O N SU N COM PANY AND AM ERI SURE M UTUAL I NSUM NCE COM PANY' M OTI TO S ON DI I THE SECOND AM ENDED COM PLAI SM SS NT THI CAUSE c e be or t Co ton Defnda sAme iur I ur nce Compa a S om s f e he ur e nt rs e ns a ny nd Ameiur Mut ll urnceCo ny' (ogehe,SAmeiur ' M otont Dimist Sec rs e ua ns a mpa s t t r ' rs e' ) i o s s he ond Ame d d Co lit ($ o in' fld o De e e 8 2 6 ( 43 . Plitf Zu ih n e mpan $ to ', ie n c mb r , 01 . DE ) anif rc M ) Ameia I u a c Co a y (f rc ' fld aRe p n ei o po i o o De e e 21 2 1 rc n ns rn e mp n ' ih' ie zu ) s o s n p st n n c mb r , 0 6 i ( 51,t whih Ameiur rple on Dec mbe 28,201 ( 54) Fort ras saed DE ) o c rs e e id e r 6 DE . he e ons tt beow, heM oton i g a ed. l t i s r nt BAC K G RO UN D Thsd caao yj dg n a to c n en ads ueb t e i s r n ep o i eso e a i e lrt r u me t cin o c r s ip t ewe n n u a c r v d r v r n alge oblgai t defnd a i urd i a undel nglws t Sec Amende Compli le d i ton o e n ns e n n ryi a ui.( ond d ant Dockets.Justia.com ( 3 ,heri trdco ai 'o $ DE 9) enafe f mpl nt' r $ Compl,'a ! 15 .I i aguedt tDef nt' ale d .' t ) t s r ha enda s i lge f iur t co pl wih t i dut t def nd has ld Zurc t s de t fna i lbu d , al e o m y t her y o e e ih o houl r he i nc a r en t r i rng ator ey' f es c t , a e ns a entti i t r i bur e nt wih heeby ncuri t n s e , oss nd xpe es nd ilng t o em s me t itrs fo ten l e p n iei u e s (d. t! 3 , 6 6 , 4 . ne et r m h oz s o sv ns r r. 1 a ! 2 4 , 0 7 ) r Th u d ryi a to se fo a c n tu to prj c i Pam Be c Co ny, oi a e n el ng cin tms r m o sr ci n oe t n l a h u t Flrd k wna ' ir a teGad n '(h d rj c'o ç o e' (# a ! 1 ) Th g n r l o ta t r no s ' o e t h r e s't e t oe t r b r' f . t 7 . e e e a c nrco F p ' Fi ) f rt eprj c wa W P S u hBui es ( o i aS ,LLC (S P S u h'.(#. t! 1 ,1 ) Th o h oet s o t l r, Flrd ) d ' W o t' f a ! 7 9. e ) Compl i s ss butsudi l a dssa i t tW P Sout htl a i ur nc polc wih ant ugge t , t ousy voi t tng, ha h d n ns a e iy t M aya d Ca u ly Co a y (i aya Ca u l ' (d.a ! 6 1 ,3 ) a e tt f rwhih r ln s at mp n i r lnd s at ' i t ! , 7 2 , n n iy o M y) c Zu ih i s c e s ri itrs (d a ! 7 . To c mp ee t e p o e t W P S uh rtie i rc s u c so n n ee t i . t )2 o lt h rj c, o t ean d i a n mb r'o s bc nr co s (d a ! 1 ) tr e o whc ae r lva t t t s a to Co a u e ' f u o ta tr i . t 9 , h e f ih r ee n o hi cin: br Co sr cin l c (d b a', Co tu to o Flrd sl c (C Co sr cin',a d Gls n tu to , n . d r ' KD nsr cin f o i a n . S Co ) KD n tu to ' n a s ) Engne rng& l tlaton,l .(s as Engi rng')(ole tvey,t ts i ei nsal i nc d s neei ' c lci l he subcontacor' . (d. Gl r t s' 1 ) a !20 .I i a r e nswi t es b o ta t r, P S uh rq ie e c t t a eW P S u h t ) n t ge me t t h u c n rco s W o t e ur d a h o ç c s h pl ot o (t)o c mme ca g n rll bl y is r n ep lc te)a a Ad to a Is rd, whc n i wn o ril e ea i ii n u a c o iy is s n diin l n u e ' ih s a t ' t s onta t sdi (d.a !!25, .Two oft s onta t s KD Consr ci andGls he ubc r cor d. 1 t 27) he ubc r cor, tu ton as Engi rng, r is dpolce b Ameiur (d.a !26& Exs 5& 6) a i ur epr de neei wee s ue iis y rs e i t , , n ns anc ovi r (d.a ! 8 9 . Th Ameiu e p iis c n an d f dto a l u e e d re n s'(h i t ! -) e rs r ol e o tie i i n l ns r d n o s me t' t e c Ad i t ndore nt' whih gr e W P Sout t Addii l I ur saus r quie by t i s me s' e ) c antd h he tona ns ed tt e rd he : Defendant H a f d Fie l urance Com pany, Hartor Casualy l urance Com pany, and s rtor r ns f d t ns Ha tor Undewrtr I urnceCompa ( l tvey,ida tor ' ha ye t fl ar pons rf d r ies ns a ny coleci l s rf d' ve t o ie es e l ) t teS c ndAme d dCo an a dh v n t on dt ei sa tM o in o h eo n e mplit n a e o j ie h n tn to . 2As di cus e f t r bel ,Zurc hi s i is Re pons br e a t c e t of is prm a y s s d urhe ow i h nt n t s e i f t he ont n s t i r p iy. I patc ar i rfr esce t n t msconti d i S olc n riul , t eeenc rai er ane n s compei polcytes' a 'he tng i i l' nd : t Ge a Conta or s ow n polc '- pr s a y bet e n W P Sout a M a yl nd Ca ua t ner l r ct ' i y' e um bl w e h nd r a s ly whih Zurc cone wilneg t t f c ofAmers e' polces ( 51a 9) c ih tnds l ae he ore iur s ii . DE t . 2 s b o ta t ra x e ns(d. t 27 a d i o e ad t o Ame iu et d f n t a dio a u c nrco ge me t i a ! ) n mp s d uy n rs r o ee d he d t n l i i urd i lws t c r b t polc t ms (# a ! 3 ) Th s e d re nt ae ns e n a uis oveed y he iy er / t 0 . e e n o s me s r . c ompone s of polces t t Zurc i nt i i ha ih ncom o aed by r er nc i o t Compl nt i t r rt ef e e nt he ai n hei i niey. (d. t!2 . Th yi ld l te i s r n e' lus s whi r ad: i trt ' 1 a J 7) e ncu e s h r n u a c 'ca e , ch e e ' o Any c r pr vi d i t sendor e nti e es ove a ot rvald ove age o de n hi s me s xc s r ny he i a c lc i e i u a a ia e t t addii l i ur whe he prma y, nd ole tbl ns r nce val bl o he tona ns ed t r i r exc s c i nt o on a ot rbassunls t wrte c r t agr ent or es , ontnge , r ny he i e s he itn ontac , eem , ce tfc e ofi ur e r quie t tt si u anc be prm a y, i whih c e t s rii at ns anc e r s ha hi ns r e i r n c as hi i ur nce wil be prma y wiho c rbuto fo s ns a l i r t ut onti i n r m uch ot i ur nc her ns a e a ia e t t a tonali ur d. va lbl o he ddii ns e (d.Ex. a 2& Ex.6at2) l 5t . I 2009, t Fi e a t Ga de Condom i u As ociton, I (he S ndo n he or t he r ns ni m s ai nc, t d co a s cain' fldalws i (h i n el n s i )algn d fcsi t ep oe tsc nsr cin so ito ' ie a ut te ' d ryig uf' l ig e e t n h rj c ' o tu to ) u e . (d.a !21& Ex.1 . Theco a s ai ss c andt r ame edcompli sname W P 1 t )3 ndo sociton' e ond hid nd ant d Sout a a deenda . (#.a ! 21 a Exs 2- . Afe i r eve t lws t W P So h h s f nt f t nd . 3) tr t ec i d he a ui, ut ç e r d t c amst t Def nt a de ' nde e he l i o he enda s nd mande a de e e a wel a i m ni a i unde t d f ns s l s nde Gc ton r t tr a d c n iin o t ep lc te l' (d a !28 . Ho ve,De e d nsd ne t t h he ems n o dto f h o iy is. 1 . t ) we r fn a t e id ha t e ' p l isi o e s c o lg to s (d.a ! 2 ) Asa r s l,W P S uh d fn e t e cams oi e mp s d u h b iain . 1 t 9 . c e ut o t ee d d h li a i ti on is own a a s a s re t r pary cai s a i tt s ontacor . (#.a ! ga ns t t nd lo s e td hid- t l m ga ns he ubc r t s / t 22)4 . At s ome undicl ed poi ,W P Sout a M a ylnd Ca ualy e cu e a ot r s s os nt h nd r a s t xe t d n he wi e c i talisete ntAgr me a Reea e. (d.a ! 1 . The stlme conansa onfdeni s tlme ee nt nd l s ' 1 t 6) ' ete nt ti n a sg ntofrg s(l sg nt' fom W P So ht Mar a Ca ualy (d.,whih pur t s imne iht ' inme ' r as ) ut o ylnd s t i 4 c pors 3A c pli i t u ryi s twasfld i t Fi nt J c a Cic ti a f Pam om a nt n he nde l ng ui ie n he hee h udii l r ui n nd or l Be c Coun y,Fl i a i syld Fi e att Gar n Condo.As oc,l v Fi e att ah t orda nd s t e or he de s s . nc. . or he Gar ns LLC,e a1,Cas No.502009CA 001 XXXXM B- ( de , t . e 047 AE. ComplEx.1a 1. . t) 4 A c or ng t Zurc t condo a s a i s c pl i a l ged da a s t t r ule f om c di o i h, he s oci ton' om a nt le m ge ha es t d r wor ati a et t s onta tr .( k trbutbl o he ubc rco s Compla !23) .t . 3 t g a t lte t powe t sa i t f o r nt he at r he r o t nd n he onne ' s sa e or any ofW P Sout srg s rs hoe nd nf ce h' i ht a i ti urr ofiss ontacor ont bassoft Addii lI ur polc prvii (d gans ns es t ubc r t s he i he tona ns ed iy o sons i . a ! 1 ) I i u ce rfo t e fc o t Co litwh t e i wa tr u h te stlme t t 7 . t s n la r m h a e f he mp an eh r t s h o g h ete n ag e r emen or s t ome ot r i tu e t t M a ylnd Ca uat c he nsr m nt ha ra s ly ompe aed W P Sout f t ns t h or he a t ne sf esa c t t tt l te e nd de e ng is fa ns t unde l ng s t tor y' e nd oss ha he at r xpe ed f ndi tel gai t he ryi ui. Zurc asM ar a Cas t ss c s i i er s ,fld a amende compli on J y ih, ylnd ualy' uc es or n nt e t ie n d ant ul 26,201 i Fl i sa e c ti o de t pur ue t a sgne rght . ( 12)5 On Augus 8 6 n orda tt our n r r o s he s i d i s DE - . t, 201 Ame iu e r mo e te c s t t i Cou t algn f d r ls be tmatrj rs ci n 6, rs r e v d h a e o h s r, l i g e e a u j c te u idito e bas d on t Pa tes co plt di r iy of cii ns p a a a ount i contovery ove e he ri ' m e e ve st tze hi nd n m n r s r $75000. ( 1 . Zurc fl aSe ond Ame d Compli on Dec mbe 5,2016,whih , 00. DE ) ih ied c nde ant e r c wa mae ilyi e tc l o i Fis Ame e Co an b tfrt j i d ro a oh rAmeiu e s tral d nia t t rt nd d mplit u o he o n e f n te s rs r e iy a aDeenda . ( 39) TheCompli lsst eec sc rs ntt s f nt DE . ant it hr ount ore pondi t t polces ng o he ii f e c oft t e s or a h he hre ubcontacor -t ls t ofwhi aea i tAmeiur ( mpl a !! r t s he at wo ch r gans rs e. Co . t 47- & 6174) The onl r dy Zurc s ksi decaaor r le underFl Stt j86. 1 60 - . y eme ih ee s lr t y eif a. a. 01 Ciu idcin o tilc uf' (d a ! 3 48 6 ) S e iial,i r q e t t tte Co r l rs ito f ra o l l 1 . t ! 4, , 2 . p cfc ly t e u ss ha h u t . d e m i t t t s onta t r 'polc e r quie Ame iur t def nd W P So h i t etr ne ha he ubc r c o s ii s e r d rs e o e ut n he u e lig s i (# a ! 6 .. d. e,f,g, 7 c,d,e,f,g) t a Zu ih i e tte t b nd ryn ut /. t ! 0c, , . . , 4.. . . . .; h t rc s nild o e r mbur e by Ame iur f t at e s f es and c t pa d t W P Sout f is def e ei sd rs e or he tom y' e oss i o h or t ens a ans t u d ryigs i a df rtos e p n e i tep e e t a e(d a ! 6 ,.i, 4. ,.; g i the n el n ut n o h e x e d d n h rs n c s i . t ! 0h, .7 h.i) a ta Zu ih ma a s rc v rp e a d p t u g n itr s (d.a ! 6 j,k,7 j,k. nd h t rc y lo e o e r- n os- d me t nee t i t ! 0. . 4. ) j . , . 5Zu ih' s ae c tac i was fl d i t Fit nt J ci Cic t i a f Pal Be ch rc s t t our ton ie n he fee h udi al r ui n nd or m a C o y,Fl i a i s yl d Zur c Am .I . Co. v Amersu e l . Co. etal, Ca e N o.50unt orda nd s t e ih ns . i r ns , . s 201 CA- 706- 0081 XXXX- B.( 12a 2) M DE - t . 4 Amers emove f rdim is ofZurc scli sa i ti pur ua t Fed. iur s o s s al ih' am ga ns t s nt o R.Ci P.l b)6) v. 2( ( . ( 43a 1. DE t ) LEG AL STAN DARD W. 1 () 6 M ol n Ge r l 2 b () to s ne al y A moin t ds s u d rRu e 1 b ()c aln e t lg ls fiin y o ac mpli t t o imis n e l 2()6 h l g s he e a u fce c f o an o e . Se Fe R. v. 1 ( )6 . l a s s igt lg ls ice c o a c mp an ' alg to s t e d. Ci P. 2 b ( ) n se sn he e a uf in y f o l its le ai n , he Cou ti b r s ound t a y t pl a ng sanda d a tcult d i Bel Atantc Cor v Two ys 55 o ppl he e di t r ri a e n l l i p . mbl 0 . U. 5 4( 0 7 a dAs c o v I b l 5 6U. 6 2 6 ( 0 ) Th ti, t com pli çm us S. 4 2 0 ) n h rh . q a , 5 S. 6 , 78 20 9 . a s he a nt i t . . . c ai s fcintf t mat r a ce e astue, t ttt a c am t r i t ti plusbl on ont n ufi e acual te , c pt d r o sa e l i o elef ha s a i e is f c '' Am .D e alAs ' v. Ci Cor ,605 F. 1 t a e.' nt sn gna p. 3d 283,1 ( 1h Ci.20l ( i 289 1 t r 0) quotng Twomby,550U. a 570 .SDimis i t r or per te whenont ba i ofadipostve l S. t ) d s sal s heef e mitd he ss s ii i s oflw,no c tuci oft f t lal ga i wils s ue a onsr ton he acua le tons l uppor t ca e ofac i .' Gl er t he us ton ' ov Li tGr ,I ,459 F. 1 gget p. nc. 3d 304,1 ( lh Ci.20 (ntr quottonsomit (ii 308 1 t r 06) i enal ai ted) ctng Ma s a l Bd o c v Ma s alC@. sDit, 9 F, d 1 71 1 7 ( 1hCi,1 9 ) r h l C@. fEdu . . r h l Ga s.9 2 2 1 , 1 4 1 t r 9 3) . W he r e ng a m o i t dim is a c tmus co tue pl i ifs c pl nti t n eviwi ton o s s , our t nsr antf om ai n he lght mos f vor bl t pli tf a tke t f t al ga i sa e t r i as tue. See i t a a e o a n if nd a he acual le tons tt d he en r Erik on v Pa du ,5 U. 8 93- 4 ( c s . r s 51 S. 9, 9 2007) Chrso r v.Har r 536 U. 403,406 ; itphe buy, S. ( 0 2 ; o k v BleCr s & BleS il o a,I c,11 F,d 1 4,1 6 ( 1h Ci.1 9 ) 2 0 ) Br o s , u o s u hed fFl. n . 6 3 36 3 9 1 t r 9 7 . Howeve ,pla ngs t f e no m o e t n c usons ar no e il t t as umpton of r e di hat t ar r ha oncl i , e t ntted o he s i tut W hie l l c l i ca pr dt t f a e k of a c pl nt t y mus be r h. l ega onc usons n ovi he r m wor om ai , he t s uppored by f c ua a l gatons' I , 556 U . . a 678;s e al o Si t ai v. Coc col t a t l le i . qbal ' S t e s nalr nal a- a Co. 578 F.d 1 2,1 ( 1h Ci.2009)(ttngt ta unwar nedde ton offc i not , 3 25 260 1 t r sai ha n ra t duci at s c i r tuef pumos ofdee ni whehe acl m i l lys fcint. onsdeed r or e tnni ng t r ai s egal ufi e ) 5 Ge al apli ifi notr uie t det lal t f c supon whi h he bas hi cl i . ner ly, a ntf s eq r d o ai l he a t c es s a m Fe R,Ci P,8()2) Rahe , e8()2)rquiesas tandpl nsae ntoft cam t t d. v. a( . t r Rul a( e r hor ai ttme he li ha f il notfe t de e ntofbot t c am a t s ary ii s he f nda h he l i nd he uppori gr tng ounds Twom bl 550 U , at . y, S. 555 5 Howeve,t e 8a)2)silrquie a çho ng,'r t rt n a bl nketass rton, of - 6. r i Rul ( ( tl e r s s wi a he ha a ei e ilme t r le ,'1 . a 556 n.3. Pl ntf' i i ton t pr vi t 'r ntte nt o ei f' d t ai ifs s ga i o o de he g ounds of hi obl ' s ' ntte e t r le r quie mor t n l be sa c usons and a f mul cr ct ton oft e ilm nt o ei f e r s e ha a l nd oncl i , or ai e ia i he elm e t ofa c us ofa i wilnotdo.' I a 555 ( tton omitd) S t al tons e ns a e cton l 'd t ciai te . l ual l i Fac ega mu t ee o g t rie( ant ps rg tt rle a o tes c ai elv lon t ass i s b n u h o as pli i ) ih o eif b ve h pe ultv e e, he umpton f t tal oft a lga i i t c ha l he le tons n he ompli a etue' 1 ant r r . ' d. B. Decar or Judgm e Ac i l at y nt tons As a t es d ma tr Zurch a guest tAme iur ha r s d m t isba e ar m e s hr hol te , i r ha rs e s aie rt- s d gu nt ta aei a pop it onamo in t ds s ad ca ao yj d me ta o Howe e ,Z ih' h t r n p r rae to o imis e lr tr u g n din. v r urc s p e s mic nsr st en t r o de lrtr j d me t. Frt Zu ih rfr t t eo e ai n rmie s o tue h au e f ca ao y u g n s is, rc ee s o h p rto of a sa r of r ew f ,Fl i s Deca aor J dgm e Ac . Se Fl Stt jj 86. 1 , nd tnda d evi or orda' lr t y u nt t e a. a . 01 , 86. . But Fl i 1 i not c r lng her l i a f m e a r e t t when f de a 021 orda aw s ontoli e. t s unda nt l ul ha e rl j rs ito a ie t r u ht ep ris dvest o ctz ns i s b tn ieis e aeg vene b u idcin rs s h o g h a t ' i riy f i e hp, u sa tv su s r o r d y e i sae lw a pr ed a is s by f r ll w, Br wn v Ni hol,8 F.d 770, 773 ( 1h Ci. t t a nd oc ur l s ue edt a a o . c s 3 1t r 1 ;s gene al Hannav.Pl r 380U. 460 ( 965) TheEl nt Cicui hashed t t 993) ee r l y ume , S. 1 . eve h r t l ha t Fl i De a a or J he orda clr t y udgmtn Ac i snotconf ra s tntve rgh s'bu i i t a û t t' doe e ny ubsa i i t , ' t s nse d $ a p o e u a me h n s ta c nfr s be tmatrj rs i o o Flrd ' cr uta d c u t r c d r l c a im h t o es u j c t u iddin n oi as ic i n o ny e c s' Cocc ov GecoGe l .Co.648F.App' 876,881( 1h Ci.201 ( tngM anue ount. ' ar . i n. ns , x 1 t r 6) cii l v Conv rys Cor ,430 F.d 11 11 n. ( 1h Ci.2005)( di t tdititc tmus . eg p. 3 32, 38, 3 1 t r hol ng ha src our t a l fdea De lrtr J dg n Ac, ahe t a saed ca ao yj d me ta wh n stig ppy e rl caao y u me t t rt r h n tt e lrtr u g n d, e i n t 6 i d v ri a to l. Bengp o e u a,h F o iasaued e n ta pl i t sdv ri c s n i est cin ) i r c d rl te l rd ttt o s o p y n hi ie st a e y y . I ta lmus act ti t s ofrviw unde t fdea De aaor J nse d, t s ran he cope e e r he e rl clrt y udgme Ac ( A) nt t DJ . Se 28U. C.j2201. e S. Se ond,and c r y t Zu i h' t r , purui one' rg s by s e ng a deca aor c ontar o rc s heo y s ng s i ht e ki lr t y j d me td sn tpemi ap ry t a od s rtn u d rRul 1 ( )6 , ast whet ri i has u g n oe o r t a t o v i cuiy, n e e 2 b ( ) o he t s s e suly sa e a c am f r i . l i t u t t a moton t dim is ma c l ge t ucc s f l t t d l i or elef t s r e ha i o s s y halen he s f in y o a d ca ao y j d me ta to t te e tn te c mpan fis t p e e ta u sce c f e lr tr u g n cin o h x e t h o lit al o rs n n i c ua c tove s 'ha m ir sAri l Ilsd s - - ntove s ' equie e . W al n v C/ . k t l on r r y't t ror tce 1' t e orco r r y'r r m nt a ca de . r ForDiea e Contol& Pr ve i 66 F.d 1 , 1 ( 1h Ci. 2)6 Bu t sgr s s r e nton, 9 3 277 284 1 t r 201 . t hi ound f r o dim is i c uren wih,nota s tt e f , t oblga in t sa e acli upon whi r le s s al s onc r t t ubsiut or he i to o tt am ch e if ma begr nt d. Tha i be a et DJ ( r t a r m e notaca e ofaci .' Buc v Am. y a e t s c us he A ç eaes e dy, c us ton ' k . Ailne,I . 476 F. 29,33,n. ( s Ci.2007) As s h,a pli ifmus pr e vai ri s nc, 3d 3 1t r . uc antf t esnt ld Ss tntve c am s'i o d t s t i t ' eque t f de l a o y r i i r lton t t e 'ubsa i l i ' n r er o usan he f r s or car t r elef n ea i o hos c am s' fon v.Wels Far Bank N A. li . ' g l go , , F.App' x , 201 W L 6803706,a * ( 0t Ci. 6 t2 1h r 201 (ii Fe owizv Pe c 641F.App' 773,776,n. ( 0t Ci.201 ;Adamsv Fe 6) ctng dr c . ar e, x 2 1 h r 6) . dEx Gr ound Pack ge S . I ,546 F.App' 772,776- ( 0t Ci.201 ) And snce a Rul a ys, nc. x 77 1 h r 3). i e 1 b)6)moi atc t s fcenc ofapli ipss tntvecli ,i i i e s nc as an 2( ( ton ta ks he ufii y antf ubsa i ams t s n s e e lo a s ul on t r m e t t t s ca ms s sa t he e dy ha he e li uppor. Thus i of r as Am e iur con e t t t , ns a rs e t nds ha Zurc s puttve rg s as c r nty pl d,a e ba r d a a m at r ofl w , t s çme is ba e ' i h' ai i ht , ure l e r re s te a he e s rt- s d' a g nt ar e iel a oprae a t ssa r ume s e ntr y ppr it t hi t ge. 5zurch a a s t i i ppe r o nvoke a a l n na ogous sa r under Fl i l . Se Ok oo a I l tnda d orda aw e al s sand Le e de sAs ',I .v Okal a Il Aut ,308 So,2d 1 1 ( a.DCA 1 t1 as hol r sn nc . oos sand h. 20, 22 Fl s 975) ( e ci igt es o n n c say t s r ieamoin t d s s ad ca ao yj d me ta to d srbn h h wi g e e s r o u vv to o imis e lrtr u g n ci n unde t Fl i DJ . r he orda A) DI SCUSSI N O Am e iur a gues t tt Compl nte tbls s on is f c t tAm e iu e c tt e rs e r ha he ai sa ihe t a e ha rs r onsiut d onl a e s i ur . Ther f e,unde Fl i i ur nc l w , Zurch coul not cl i t t y n xce s ns er e or r orda ns a e a i d a m ha Amers e owed W P Sout a du y t defnd wihoutalo al ng t tW P Sout e use is iur h t o e t s legi ha h xha t d t prm m. co r ge wih Zurc - r aly,is pr c s r M a ylnd Cas t . l t at r tve i y ve a t ih e l t ede es o , r a ualy n he lc nai , Ame iur m ant i t tt t e e Zu ih s ks c rbu i n o e t bl s oga i a tr rs e i ans ha o he xt nt rc ee onti to r quia e ubr ton fe t f c f r de e e c t , t t ki of r co r i pr bie Zurch fr t r s he a t o f ns oss ha nd e ve y s ohi t d. i is e ponds t t ha Am e iur ha m e ey r s d afima i def est i ne nota i pa e a o c rs e s r l aie fr tve ens hat t ed ntci t nd ver ome i is n t own pladi e ng. Se ond, i ct s t e e i t t ge r r l on e e s i ur nc a c t ie o xc ptons o he ne al ues xc s ns a e nd c rbuton,rs ci y:() whe t opposng i urr mut ly pur tt is e e s onti i e pe tvel a n he i ns e s ual por o sue xc s polcis a ( wheeonei urd e iyha a e d by c r tt i i e ; nd b) r ns e ntt s gre ontac o ndemniy a he . Thid, f not r r Zu i h s rc ubmis t t e i t s onta t s Addii t ha , ven f he ubc r c or ' tonalI ur d polcis we e oft e es ns e ie r he xc s va i t t e ba i f la lt a nc i t underyi s tsilb ough t a ton wihi t rey, h ss or ibiiy dva ed n he l ng ui tl r t he c i t n he s opeoft polcis'c a a t r byti r Am e iur sdut t def nd. c he i e over ge nd he e rgge ed rs e' y o e Ameiu eso j cin t t e Compan ' alg to sh vemei. W i rs e tt t e rs r ' b e to s o h lits l ain a e rt t e p c o h h dut t de e t El nt Cic ti e r t Fl i lw s h t twhen a i ur nc polc y o f nd, he eve h r ui ntp e s orda a uc ha n ns a e i y dei sisc r ge a s conda y orS xce s't aprma y polc t e s i ur rhasno d y fne t ove a s e r i s' o e i r i y, he xce s ns e ut t d e t i ur d - s l a t prma y polc pr desf ra d e e a iscove a has o ef nd he ns e o ong s he i r iy ovi o ef ns nd t r ge n tb e e a se Na ' Uno Fie Is Co f Pis u gh v T a ee s l s Co,21 F.d o e n xh u td. t1 in r n . .o t b r . r v lr n . . 4 3 t 1 1 73( 1h Ci. 269, 272- 1 t r 2000)(xce si ur rs' yt dee wasc e tvet rt t n e s ns e' s o fnd dut ons cui o, aher ha c ure wih,a ot runde l ng i urrsdut t defnd' s e alo U S.FieI .Co onc rnt t ny he ryi ns e ' y o e ); e s r ns . Fr e o Vl.O n ( y C/.f/. 2 9 F. px 8 9 8 ( 1h Ci.2 0 )(eyng o Na 1 e d m il fsu 71 r, #, 7 Ap ' 7 , 81 1 t r 0 8 rli n t Uni r ef Fl i ca e ;Cok rv Am.Gu .( Li lt l .Co.825F. 1 7,1 4 ( 1h on ul or orda s ) e . ar Q abii ns , y 3d 28 29 1 t 8 Ci. 01 )(o sr ig Ge r i lw i i nia mame ) Th c u t e s n dta t i r s l wa r 2 6 c n tun o ga a n de tc l r r. e o r ra o e h t hs e ut s compele by Fl i a pr ce ntwhi h mea ur d t pa te 'i e 's e yby t lngua oft ld ord e de c s e he ris ntnt ioll he a ge he polc e unl s t lngua i nmbi uo .' Nat1Uni 21 F. at1 ii s e s he a ge s g us ' ' on, 4 3d 272 (uoi Towne q tng Re l I c v Sae oI s Co o q , 5 F2 1 6 ,1 6 ( 1hCi.1 88) a t n . . f c n . . fzm.8 4 .d 2 4 2 7 1 t r 9 ) y . l t sca e,Zurc expr s l i m or t t S ntr t 'oft Am e iur polcisis d n hi s ih e sy nco aes he 6 iey' he e rs e i e s ue t KD Consr ton a Gls Engi rng ( mpl a ! 27) t Addii l I ur o tuci nd a s neei Co . t he tona ns ed , e sme sf whi aeatc t t Co ai a exhi t (d.a Exs 5 6 . Zurc doe ndore nt or ch r ta hed o he mpl nt s bis i t -) ih s . no diput t tt endor e nt una bi t s e ha he s me s m guousy de i t Ame iur scove age ofW P Sout l sgna e rs e' r h asS xc s'u e sa ot rpolc hed by W P Sout r quied t Addii lI ur d c r e f es ' nls ny he e iy l h e r he tona ns e ove ag t beprmay(hed xprs exc pton'.(d.a Ex.5a 2& Ex.6a 2) s ealoGov'Emp I o i r t t es e i ' 1 t e ) t t ;e s t ns. . Co.v Lal ,327 F. 568,572( t Ci.1 (ntmrtng f ny ot ri ur e'lng . l y 2d 4h r 964) i e ei i a he ns anc ' a uagei n e s mt t mea 'ns a e s pa ae a ditnc fom t polc of whih t ndor t nt o n s ur nc e r t nd si t r i he i y c he . e s ntf msac tt tpa t'.Furhe ,heCompl ntdoesno a rt tW P Sout had ndoreme or onsiuen r' ) t rt ai t ve ha h no prmar polc ,7 nor does i ale t W P So h' polc wih M ar and Cas t ora i y iy t lge hat ut s iy t yl ualy ny ot i ur r aci td t e e s e p i , or t t s h a polc s c a had bee her ns e tvae he xpr s xce ton ha uc iy' over ge n e used. On isf e t t Compl ntsde a f a r i onAm e iur sd y t def nd xha t t ac , hen, he ai ' m nd or ulng rs e' ut o e woul appe rt bef e l e byNat Uni Nat Uni 21 F.3d at 1272d a o or c os d 1 on. 1 ons 4 73. Ame iur alo c r ty sa e t 1w on c rbuto be we n i ur nce c ri s rs e s orec l t t s he a onti i n t e ns a a rer . Fl i cou t ha consse l hed t t onc t dut t de end i a tva e , e ey s be t orda rs ve itnty l ha , e he y o f s c i t d v r u jc 1By r m ani sl nt i t Com pli t on t orgna r l to hi be we n W P Sout a e i ng ie n he an he i i l e ai ns p t e h nd M a ylnd Cas t Zurc ke ps o t t or tca pos i lt t tAmers e wa t onl r a ualy, i h e pen he he e i l sbiiy ha iur s he y i ur t is e a polc c i W P Sout whih woul negae t e es i ur r r l . ns er o s u iy overng h, c d t he xc s ns e ue Howeve ,f c ua alega i mus not be mer y t sbl ' but a s t ausbl .' Re ni v r a t l l tons t el t i e' pos lo i pl i e ' s ck . AvMe l . 693 F.d 1 7,1 ( 1h Ci.201 . 1do notfnd i plusbl t an i urr d ncs 3 31 326 1 t r 2) i t a i e hat ns e woul s bsdiet c tofacompa sdee e( d u i z he os ny' fns Compl a ! 3 a nego it t a quiii . t 2) nd tae he c ston o ta c mpa y' rg t (d a ! 1 )u ls teewa a u d ryn ta fro rs fo te f h t o n s ihs i. t 7 nes h r s n n elig rnse f ik rm h com pany t t l er o he nsur . 9 i ur ra s m e i on a pe s ns e s u s t r onala i vii e bass Pe Lumbe me ' M ut l .Co.v I nd ndi s bl i . nn. r ns ns . nd . Lumbe me M ut l .Co., 43 So.3 1 1 1 ( a.4t DCA 201 ;Cont Cas Co.v r ns . ns d 82, 86- 88 Fl h 0) 1 . . Unie Pac l s.Co. 6 So.2d 270, 271275 ( a.5h DCA 1 ; gonautI .Co.v Md td .n , 37 - Fl t 994) Ar ns . Ca .Co. 37 So.2d 960,963- ( a.3r DCA 1 . Thatme nst twhen a i ued s , 2 64 Fl d 979) a ha n ns r t nde s a cai t muli e i ur nc pr de s t e iy t tacual e ge i t defns e r lm o tpl ns a e ovi r , he ntt ha t ly nga s n he e e a i ur t f es a c t a s i t wih i c m ot s e n l s e c rbuton or nd nc s he e nd os s s oc aed t t al ubs que ty e k onti i e utbes b o ainfo tef l w is rrwh ûa gld b hnd' Con 1Ca ., 6?7 So.2d at q ia l u r g to r m h el n u e o l g e l e i . o l ' t s 8 a i l or hi ti s oot d n i i f ns er d u c he 273. The r tona e f t sdoc rne i r e i publc polcy:i i ur scoul s e ea h ot r f r i r e e , he S ul ha no i en i t s tl a pr e tt i e e toft i ur , or embu s m nt t y s d ve nc tve o e te nd ot c he nt r s he ns ed wo snc ano he l w s t woul be f t omi t r ol t c ag diput be wee t i e t r a ui d orhc ng o es ve he over e s e t n he i ur nc com pa e . Ar ns a e ni s ' gonau ,?72 So. 2d a 964. He e,Zurc uli t y bor t cos of ' t t r ih tma el e he t W P Sout s de e e. l di s bt us of is pr de es ori i e e ts i pe nto i ton. h' f ns t d o ca e t e c s n nt r s ' nde nde blgai Re r e sofwhe he Am e iur wa alo bound a t tm et def nd W P So h, Zur ch car ot ga dl s t r rs e s s t he i o e ut i m ke he ut now s e t di u t c t d i fom ispr c s ' unia e albur n.g Li t d y e k o vvy p he oss erved r t edt es ors lt r de 8An e s i ur r who de e xce s ns e f nded is i u e wihoutis du y beng ti r d may, howe , t ns r d t t t i rgge e ver obt i e t bl s ogai fom a no e po i prmar i ur r Phoe x I . Co. v Fl an quia e ubr ton r nr s nsve i y ns e . ni ns . a. Fa m Bu e uMu, n . .5 S . d 1 4 ,1 5 ( a 2 dDCA 1 9 ) r r a tI s Co, 58 o 2 0 8 0 0 Fl. n 9 0. 9Ia notpe s de by Zurch' at mptt ditng s t Ar nautlne ofca e . Zurch c t s m rua d i s te o si uih he go i ss i ie s r l opi ons f t unc r r i l pr posto t t c r c ua rg s a e ge r l eve a ni or he ontove sa o ii n ha onta t l i ht r ne aly a sg bl l a s r f st aFl i de son i whi h a i ur d t te ora sgne isrght t s ina e. t lo e er o orda cii n c n ns e orf as s i d t i s o a ij rd plitf,wh t e c u tp nni e t e o c a s tlme ta an tt e s l i u e n nu e an if o h o r e t d o nfr e ete n g is h oe ns rr t r f i t co rbut t t s tl ntf e usng o nti e o he eteme und. Fl .I .Guar As ' v Gi dano,485 So.2d 453 a ns . s n , or ( a 3r DCA 1 6) Fr t s s res Zu ih co udest tt a ic rbutonprncpl Fl. d 98 . om he e ouc , rc ncl ha he nt-onti i i i e d sn ta pl t a sg e s Th ti n ttec s . Gir an iv le arc vey b a ij rd oe o p y o s in e . a s o h a e o d o n ov d e o r y n n u e t r pa t no a i ur e pr de . Gi dano, 485 So.2d a 455. M or i pora l hid ry, t n ns anc ovi r or t e m tnty, Pe ylani Lumbe me ' s cik a l a es edt vibiiy ofa aci pr s d on s h an nns v a r n s pe f ly ddr s he a lt n ton emie uc a s g e , fndi i S ontar t c e l a publc polc 'bec us i a t m pt t el va e s i nm nt i ng t û r y o as aw nd c i i y' a e t te s o e t f m over s t nce Pe Lumbe m e ', 43 So.3d a 1 or ubs a . nn. r ns t 88. The a iconti ton r l w as nt- r bu i u e desg t de i e i ze i urr fom s r ng t i oblga i t t i i ur ds 1 Tha i ned o -nc ntvi ns e s r hiki her i tons o her ns e . d. t pur e woul be fusr t d i ca r c d r ope t door t ltga i t ough t l l pos d r ta e f nie s oul e n he o ii ton hr he ega sci ofo ani t i i ur ds rgh s 1 Zurc sco e i t tt r ul i Pe yl ani ton bt i ng he r ns e ' i t . d. ih' nt nton ha he es t n nns v a 10 t d fndq e to ,tep rin o teCo an s e i g aj d me to Zu ih' e tte n t o ee u sin h o t f h mplit e k n u g n n rc s n i me t o o l ri embur e e f at ne ' f esa cossi doc rnaly ba r d. l Ac or ngl , unl sZurc s m nt or tor y s e nd t s ti l r e o c di y es ih ca i ntf a a i a e e e i t t exc s i ur r or a ic rbuton docrnes t n de iy n pplc bl xc pton o he es ns e nt- onti i ti , he ope a i Compli doe notsa ea c us ofa i f rwhi h r le ca begr nt d. r tve ant s tt a e cton o c ei f n a e Zurc s fr t c t r t Am e iur s lne of at ck i plc t s t r es r a i t i h' is oun e o rs e' i ta m i a e he ul eltng o i o o ai by r e e nc m r ton ef r nce. Zurch pr i opoundst tby dic sng t tr soft polci i s d ha s us i he e m he i es s ue t t s onta t s Ame iur a kst Cour t d nsde doc e sou sdet f urcor r ' o he ubc r c or , rs e s he t o t i r um nt t i he o co ne s' oft Complit ( 51 a 8) I is viw,Ameiur ha meel diguie afr tve ht an. DE t . nt e rs e s r y s s d fimai detns ,e rnsct t Compl i ,a c ii f es xti i o he ant s rtquesofZurc spl di . M o e r c i ue t i h' ea ngs r ove , ontn s he ag e , r um nt Ame iur demandsal velofde a lt tt e t r quie rs e e t i ha xc eds he e r ment oft f de a r l s s he e r l u e whe i i it t t i or rt s vi a moton t dim is Zu i h m us plad f c sand a tc n t nsss ha , n de o ur ve i o s s , rc t e at ta h doc nt an i pa i a r pondi t t eafim a i de ens . ume s tci tng nd es ng o hes fr tve f es Thi r buta m is s t m a k bec us i doesno t ke i o ac ountt f c t tZurc s e t l s e he r a et t a nt c he a t ha ih volnt rl m a t Am e iur polci - a t ,t c tt ntendor e u a iy de he rs e i es nd hus he onsiue s ment - a pa tofis s r t Co ant A diti t c r c n ge al c i r doc e s ç t he t a c pli t or mpli . src ou t a ner ly onsde um nt i ac d o at om a n i poae i t compli by rfrnc ...on a moton t dimisund Rul 1 b)b)' ncor rtd n he ant eee e i o s s er e 2( ( .' Saundesv Du ,766 F. 1 1 ( 1h Ci,201 ( tng Telabs I .v Mak ls s& r . ke 3d 262, 270 1 t r 4) cii l , nc . or s ue Ri s Lt 551U. 308,322 ( ). Hee,Zu ih hasdone bot Eve ha Zurc not ght, d, S. 2007) r rc h. n d ih fu r ' c be e a ne by t r e r ve s - c mbe men s an xpli d he ol e r al ompar d t t i t ca e - ofge r e o he nsant s ne al a s c r ct si nots nd ub- onta or s upporedby a lngua fom t to ni t ny a ge r ha pi on. 1 Furhe m or ,t r i me i t Am e iur s ar um e t t wihout a diput o r fna i 9 t r e he e s rt o rs e' g nt ha , t s e ve i ncal c ompe a i t Cour c d not c i r Am e iur s dut t de e by is l. Tha i ns ton, he t oul onsde rs e' y o f nd te f t s be a e on is own, t l te c c us , t he a t r once ns a ac m i que t o of a pas oblga i r n ade c si n t i ton. Bu a t decaaor j lrt y udgme ca r e s onl a lve c r ry i whih khee i a s t tal nt n edrs y i ontoves n c t r s ubsani t l eio d ta ( e pan if wils fe ij r i te f tr . Malwn y v Fe Colcin i lh o h t t litfl l u fr nu y n h uu e' k h ' o e . d. l to e De st p. 1 3F.d 1 4 ,1 4 ( 1h Ci. 9 9 .Ana j dc to o a Sin u yi t ep s . po iGr , 9 3 3 2 3 6 1 t r 1 9 ) d u iain f n ' jj r n h a t g . . woul be not ng mor t n a gr t t c me wihouta f c orefe t' 1 a 1 48 d hi e ha a uious om nt t ny or e f c . d. t 3 ' (nena q ai a atrtonsomit . itr l uottons nd leai ted) 11 ad e t polci e i ty, Rul 1 c saest ta' py ofawrte i tume ttati a opt d he i es xplcil e 0() tt ha ' co itn nsr n h s n e bi t a pl di i a pa toft pl a ng f ral pur es' Fe R.Ci P. xhi t o ea ng s r he e di o l pos . ' d. v. 1 c ;s alo 0() ee s S l - mie v Untd S ae De 'o u tc ,7 8F 2d 1 1 ( 1h Ci.1 ( di o i Ra rz . ie tts p t fl sie 5 s 426, 430 1 t r 985) hol ng . t tRul 1 c)a s e c tsconsdeai ofdoc ntatc d t c antdoesnotc vert ha e 0( sur s our' i rton ume ta he o ompli on t moin t d s s it moi n f rs mmayj d me t l Adm it dl cours m ustconductan to o imis no to o u r u g n ) 1 te y, . i r i o t nat e oft doc e t isr la lt and t pur e f whi h i i at c nquiy nt he ur he um n , t ei biiy, he pos or c t s ta hed bef e as u i t ti sandsf t tut oft cont tf i l r pr ent t r i Goi es v, or s m ng ha t t or he r h he en acaly e es ed he e n. n Vale C-/&Ser .Bd ,8 F.3 1 9 1 7( t Ci. 01 ) Ba n k r V ntr s LLC v Gr am, ly ) v 22 d 5 , 6 4 h r 2 6 ; n e e e u e, . ah 7 $F.d 1 1 ,1 3 -4 ( C. r 20 5 ; I d Gu & Oud o Sh ws I .C/ o Bends 9 3 1 9 1 33 D. Ci. 1 ) N n n to r o , nc / fs. y 1 F.d 449,455 (t Ci.1 ;Gantv Wali or Bd o u . 6 F.d 6 9,6 4- ( 63 3 7h r 998) . lngf d fEd c, 9 3 6 7 75 2d . Ci.1 .Ho ver i i i ce rt tt docu ntlswha t co ai sy i i'a t tt r 995) we ,f t s la ha he me s i t he mpl nt a t s' nd ha he a tc ng pa t endor e is r es t tons t n i d l be r a t e denc wha ta hi ry s d t epr en a i , he t i l wi e d o vi e t i nt sa y s nco e t bl hows' Gant 69 F. a 674. Tha i t c e he e. Zurch i t r or i ore .' , 3d t t s he as r i s he ef e nc r ct t des rbe t e s m e s a t e e s polcy c a e as ( sde t f c ne s'oft o c i he ndor e nt nd he xc s i l us t i he our or r ' he out Co ant mpli . Ac e i t e s polc clus as par of t Com pl i , I m ay ent rai an c ptng he xce s iy a e t he a nt et n st a fr tvede e e1 t a i fima i f ns 2 h t nvoke i. Tha i bec us t s a e: 1 I e unde t i i t fi or a i by r e e ' docrne t Cour c d pr bl 1 nde d, r he mplci inc por ton ef r nce' ti , he t oul oba y ha co i e t c e soft polcis e n had t y bee i r ed f r t frttm e i ve nsder d he ont nt he i e ve he n ntoduc o he is i n t i tnt M oton, See Hor e v Fel ,30 F.3d 1 25,1 34 ( 1h Ci.2002)( ume he nsa i sly . dt 4 1 1 1t r doc nt atc d t moin t dimisma b c i rd i d 1 c r t t pli ifscai a ( ta he o to o s s y e onsdee f 1 ) ental o he antf' l m; nd 2) ( u iputd' ;Da v.Ta or, F. 1 1 ( 1hCi.2 )(a ) nds e ' y ) yl 400 3d 272, 276 1 t r 005 sme . 1 W hehe Ame iur s ar 2 t r rs e' gume s d be des rbe as a S fim a i de e e'wihi t nt houl ci d n d fr tve f ns ' t n he a me nngo Rue8 c i q e to a l,A d fn ei ç fsmaie' e i tase )n wf csa d a i f l () s u si n bc e e s s i tr tv 'wh n t ' ils e a t n a r a gu e st t i t e wildef a t pl ntf' orpr e uton' cai , e n i a lale ton i r m nt ha , f nz , l e t he ai ifs os c i s l m ve f l l ga i n t c he ompli a e tue. Sak v Fr ln C/v y Co., 31 F. 337, ( Ci. ant r r ' ' s . ank i e 6 3d 350 2d r 2003 ( i ) quotng Bl k' La Ditonay)(mpha i ad . By r ee ng t e sme s Ameiur does ac s w ci r e ss ded) efrnci he ndore nt, rs e notr s a ne f c ,butm e e y i olt sa e e aie w at r l s a e n l mentofZurc spl di . Se Am.Goo e c , ih' ea ngs e s ne k 12 . . . ac antmay bedimisd underRul 1 b)6)whe isown ale tons ompli s se e 2( ( nt lgai i c t t e senc of a afi ma i def ns , s l a t de e e cla l ndia e he xit e n tr tve e e o ong s he f ns e ry a ppea son t f eoft c r he ac he ompl nt The cai ma beade t l sa e . . . but ai . lm y qua e y t t d i n a ton t t cai t c ddii o he l m he ompl i m a i l mat r of a da e t t ant y nc ude te s voi nc ha p e l etepla e' a ii t rc v r Wh nti o c r,tec mpan h sa rcud h e d rs bly o eo e. e hs c us h o lit a t buiti de ens a i es e lly s l- e tng. The pr e i nott tpl i if l-n f e nd s s nta l e fdef a i oblm s ha antf mer y ha a ii td a d ti d t ne t a d e ehe bele shi op el s ntc pae n re o ga t ef ns ive s pone wil nt l at mptt us ag ns hi ; a he pl i ifsown alegai s te o e ai t m r t r antf l tons how t tt de e e ha he f ns e ss xit. Qule v Ba ca sAm. e tI c,7 7 F.d 1 6 ,1 6 ( 1h Ci 1 (ntma qtoai ilr . r ly / di n 2 2 0 7 0 9 1 t r 984) i e l lttons cr , . a dctto so te ) a c r T yov Blg j vc ,5 6F 3d 1 1 6 ( h Ci. )($f n i in mi d ; c o d. ama . a o e ih 2 a t 074, 08 7t r 2008 ç l . t pl ntf vol arl pr de unne es a y fct i he c he ai if unt iy ovi s c s r a s n r ompl nt t def ntma us t e ai , he enda y e hos f c st de o tae t ts i note ild t r le .' .Si et e es pol y ca egi srs a t o m nsr t ha he s ntte o ei f ' nc he xc s i lus ve ie ) c t t Nat Uni de e e,isi l i wa f e fde e tng.' Qule ,7 7 F.d a 1 6 F r o he 1 on f ns t ncuson s i l- f a i ' i r 2 2 t 0 9. o s l smia r a ons Am e iur s i itnc t tZurch pl a a f t pr cae f cic ve i i lr e s , rs e' nsse e ha i e d acual edi t or r um ntng teNa 1 Unin r l d e n tg b y n t eb u d o Rue8a ( ) W hl Zu ihha n ii a h t o ue o s o o e o d h o n s f l ( )2 . ie rc d o nt l i b re t r iet e is ,o c t le ain o (Jp an ifsc mpan ee td t e afr tv u d n o as h sue n e i lg to s f a litf o lit rce h fimai e a d fn e y i wa h sd tl)i o d rt e tiae hms l t eer mgjt pla a y e c p in e e s ll t s i uy , n r e o xrc t i ef h rfo , o e d n x e to s upon whih he r i ' Marh v Bute C@. 268 F. 1 4,1 ( 1h Ci.2001 ( i c eled. ' s . lr , 3d 01 022 1 t r ) quotng Kic lev Fa me , 1 F.d 6 4 60 ( t Ci.1 5 )(n e l l r to so te ) a r gae n heo . r r 2 4 2 0 , 5 7h r 9 4 itma at ai n mi d , b o td e t on ot r gr ds b Twombl 550 U, at561 63. As a c e nc , i wasi umbe upon he oun y y, S. ons que e t nc nt Zurc t al f t ora t c doc e sfom whi h a e e i t t Nat1 Uni r eco d i h o lege ac s ta h um nt r c n xc pton o he on ul ul be i e r d. nf re I .v Wats Tr kig Se v,I . 1 F. 1 19 W L 698937,a *4 ( t Ci.1 nc . t uc n r . nc, 59 3d 355, 98 t 5h r 998)( not publs d)(1 de a t ta e sntalelmentofacli e ssi nott s mea a afnnai ihe d nil ha n se i e A am xit s he a s n fi tve d e et t cli ...) l t slgh,t r i no quesi Ameiur hasf und a i enal efns o he am ' . n hi i t hee s ' ton rs e o n ntr ic n itn y t tbas a d ca ao y j d me to t e fcs p e No ehee s b c us t n o sse c ha r e lr tr u g n n h a t ld. n t ls, e a e he out o e i uli t l t s me a be aus us e of t t nn Sa fr a i def ns 'i mor c m s tma e y he a nd c e ag he e tfim tve e e' s e co itntwih t El ve h Cic tso docrnepe ti ng t t s cic sa s lcontnue nsse t he e nt r ui' wn ti rani o he e r um t nce , i t e pl i . o m oy t 13 Zurc sf iur i t sr ga d die ty a f c st valdiy ofiss cond r buta a gument i h' a l e n hi e r r c l fe t he i t t e e tl r . Thoug not lbe e a s h,Zurc b ialy a s rs a par of r cognied exc tons u r h a l d s uc i h asc l s e t i e z ep i nde Fl i lw, one dea i wih a exc s i ur rs dut t de e , t ot r wih t a i orda a lng t n es ns e ' y o f nd he he t he nt- conrbuto r l . Fis ,Zurc obs r e t twhe a i ur d hol muli e i ur ncepolces ti i n u e r t ih e v s ha n n ns e ds tpl ns a ii t t al pur t t be i e s t a prm a y polc , t t l ha 1 por o n xce s o i r i y ha angua i ' e e mut ly ge s f m d de ual r pugna ,' T ave e sI .Co.v fe n on I . Co, 8S 2 3 3 3 5 ( a 5hDCA 1 8 ) e nt' r l r ns . xigt ns .47 o. d 6 , 6 Fl. t 9 5; Alst e l .Co.v T1 l s Co ,711 So. 2d 8 85 ( a.1tDCA 1 ) Fieman' Fu l . l at ns . G n. . 4, Fl s 998 ; r s nd ns Co.v Tr pi alShi n t Con t.Co., Lt , F. 987,1 ( 1t Ci. 1; . o c ppig t sr d. 254 3d 005 1 h r 200 ) Cons .S . ol ys, I v Alsat ls Co.411F. 1 1 ( t Ci.1 .Hee,Zurcha r ,heeaetr i nc. . lt e n . , 2d 57, 62 5h r 969) r i ve s t r r ems n t d he l ur nc ' pr son of i ompei polc i l't twoul i t s wa t r he d r ns a e' ovii ot i c tng iytes' ha d, n hi y, hwat Ameiur se es i urrsaus ( 51at9) Amers e' Re y brefdiput whehert rs e' xc s ns e tt . DE . iur s pl i s es t he e pton woul a y i t sst ton. Howe r i i notpos i e t detr i t a we t xce i d ppl n hi iua i ve , t s sbl o e m ne he ns r o t sque to be a eZurch hasnotpld t co e soft polc is d by M ar a Ca uat hi si n c us i e he nt nt he i y s ue ylnd s ly t w p So h.1 w hie t Cour m us a ce as tue a 1f t l a lga i co ane i t o ut 3 l he t t c pt r 1 acua le tons nt i d n he Compli t Erc s 551 U. a 93- t s me does nothol f new f c s t ta pl ntf a n , ik on, S. t 94, he a d or a t ha ai if beltdl r iesi r s ae y a s n e pons t am o i t dim is Tha a o t t an i pe misbl at m p t eo ton o s s . t m un s o m r s i e te t o a e t Co a ntwihou l veofCour.Bur sv. lgi Te h.Ct l . 600 F.App' m nd he mpli t t ea t ges Re i ous c n, nc, x 657,665( 1hCi.201 (i erpe tdl ha hel t tpli if c nnota ndt i compl nt 1 t r 5) i e ae y ve d ha antfs a w me her ai t oughars et amoto t dimis' ac or CarCar ir,I .v For MotrCo. 7 hr e pons o in o s s.); c d. re s nc . d o , 45 F. 11 ,11 (t Ci.1 4)(i i a omai t tt c an ma notbea 2d 01 07 7h r 98 tt s xi tc ha he omplit y i mende byt d he 1l c 3 n onne ton w ih t s a g e ,Zurc s a es i pas i t tw he a ge r lcon r c or ha ci t hi r um nt i h t t n s ng ha n ne a ta t s b n a d a a a tonali u ed t is s ee dde s n ddii ns r o t ubcon r c orspolc t tpolc i tne rexc st ta t ' iy, ha i y s ' ve es o t ( e rl( ontacorsown polcy. ( 51a 9) Besde beng abar lgalc uson he glnea cj r t ' i ' DE ' t . i s i e e oncl i wihouts pori a hort t st or f isf t s mer s a sa e a ve. t up tng ut iy, hi he y al or he a ea on s t t d bo 14 b if i o p iint amoint d s s' Asa r sul,Zurch has notaleged enough t r ie res n p osto o to o imis' ) e t i l o as , a S nc lng- 'e pton t t Nat1 Uni do rne. i eli out' xce i o he ca on cti A smia def c i r Zurc ss c cied e pton. Fl i c t have c afe a i lr e t mpais ih' e ond t xce i orda ours r td na r wor a ou t t a ic rbuton doc rne. A ç e ponsve 'i ur who co ple row k- r nd o he nt- onti i ti 's r i ' ns er m id wih isi ur d' t nde f de e eca ex r c r i t t ns e s e r or f ns n ta t e mbur e s mentfom t ç es nsve' i ur r r he s nonr po i ' ns e whe t i ur d had s pa a ey con r c ed wih ano he en iy is f a i ur d of t n he ns e e rtl ta t t t r tt tel n ns e he , no es i c r ir t i mniy t frti ur d. Co t1Ca .Co v C/ o Da o a, 0 nr ponsve a re , o nde f he is ns e n ' s . . @ fs. ytn 8 7 So.2d 91,93 ( a.5h DCA 200 ( di t ct or is i urrc d rc expe e Fl t 2) hol ng hat iy t ns e oul e over ns s - r ltng t def e of t ta i - fom ltl lague' i ur r snc ltl l a ea i o ens or cton r ite e s ns e , i e ite e gue ag ee t r d o i mniy ct ;s ealoPr gr s Ex e sl s Co.v Fl.De 'o n S r . 1 5 S 3 2 , nde f iy) e s o es pr s n . a p t fFi. e v, 2 o. d 01 . 204 ( a,4t DCA 201 )( tng Sout Da o ;Ma e Fl h 3 cii h ytna) plwood Parnes L. v.I an Harbor t r, P. ndi l .Co. 65 F.App' 466,46869 ( 1h Ci.201 (a a y cii t ns , 4 x - 1 t r 6) fvorbl tng, hough ditnguihi , si s ng Souh Da ona) The l c oft e e i i t tt i urd pari 'e e s de ii t t yt . ogi he xc pton s ha he ns e tes xpr s cson o S hfl e p s r 'fo o et t eoh ri i ue t t eis r rr lto s i a do ec me t e i itl x o u e'r m n o h t e s mp td o h n u e eain hp n v ro s h s g r la icon rbuton prncpl S.Da ona,807 So. 2d a 93. ene a nt- ti i i i e. yt t Zu i h a g t tSout Da on c r sbec us W P Sout ss ontacorag e ment rc r ues ha h yt a ontol a e h' ubc r t r e s wih KD Consr c i a Gl s Engi rng r quie t e s onta t s t G end an t tu ton nd as nee i e r d hos ubc r c or o i def d id mn W P So t f ra y a d alcamsa ii g o to terwo k p ro me a t ePrj c. ne h u h o n n l li rsn u f h i r ef n d t h oe t' ' ( 51at1 (mpha i a DE 4) e ss dded) Ag i t salegai i f nd nowher i t Compli . . an, hi l ton s ou e n he ant Tr ,Zurc di plad t tt s conta t s we e co r ct ly bound t pl c W P Sou h on ue ih d e ha he ub r c or r nta ua l o ae t t rge r la lt polcis a an Addii hei ne al ibiiy i e s tonall ur . ( ns ed Compl a !25 . And i f t sae .t ) t urher ttd t t W P Sout de a d t tAme iu e i mniy i unde t tr oft s nta t r ' ha h m nde ha rs r nde f t r he e ms he ubco r c o s polcis (d.a !28) Butt et a s tonsaedifr ntfom t fcua i r di tt twas i e. 1 t . hos wo seri r fe e r he a t l ng e en ha 15 decsve i Sout Da ona - a pr ie by one of t i su e , i pen nt of t i ur nc ii n h yt om s he n r d nde de he ns a e p l is t id mn? t eoh r S Da o a 8 So 2 a 91 9 . Be a s id mnfc to a d oi e , o n e c h te . . ytn , 07 . d t , 3 c u e n e iiai n n t dut t de e a e ditnc c ep s a a lga i t tt s onta t s we e oblga e t he y o f nd r s i t onc t , n le ton ha he ubc r c or r i td o mak W P Sout a Addii ll ur i i de t . Se Li Tr e Vil Comm. Cl As ' v e h n tona ns ed s na qua e e me e l. ub s n . St eFar Ge I .Co. 980F. 1 2,1 (11hCi.1 (( i urr' d t t dee i at m n. ns , 2d 40 405 t r 993) $ ns e s duy o fnd s An ditnc fom a br de t t d yt i si t r nd oa r han he ut o ndemniy . . .')( i Bar Oi Co. , i de f ' quotng on l v Natonwi ' Mu . r I s Ct,4 0 So 2d 8 0, 3 ( a 1tDCA 1 5:. Dic u tn Zu ih' po th t Fie n . ) 7 . 1 81 F1. s . 98 ) s o ni g rc s s-oc at mpt t e nc is pla ngs or ele is c te o nha e t e di , s t onqa i of t t r l nt conc pt , t ton he wo eeva e s he Compli t doe not pr de a s fce f c ua f an s ovi uf int a t l ounda i t o ton hr ugh whih t Sout Dayt c he h ona e e in c d be i e r Bur s , F.App' a 665. xc pto oul nf red. ge s 600 x t Fi ly,Zurc a nc t t y t tt na ur oft underyi s ta ns W P na l i h dva es he heor ha he t e he l ng ui gai t Sou h ti r d Am e iur s d y t def nd, ir s c i of t e t rgge e rs e' ut o e re pe tve he ndor eme s e ii s nt ' xplct qua ii a i Ye t s a gume smpl i est f eg ng a hortes The ca e ofer d by lfc ton. t hi r nt i y gnor he or oi ut ii . ss f e Zurc sa f t pr ii t ta i ur i oblga e t de e onc i i dee mi t ta ih t nd or he oposton ha n ns er s i t d o f nd e t s tr ned ha t r pa t s c r a ns t i ur d c hid ry' ha ges gai t he ns e ome wihi t s ope oft polc See e. ,Pi er t n he c he i y, , g. one Nat1 Til I . Co.p Fou t Co r Prp.Cor ,48 So.2d 1 , 1 4 ( a.1 . te ns . rh mmece o p. 7 051 05 Fl 986) Tur ng t t f c s Zurch nots t tt c ni o he a t , i e ha he ondo as oc ai sa l a i nsi t unde l ng s t s i ton' leg to n he ryi ui pe ti t pr t dama a l scove e by t Addii lI ur e r eme s Thatm a raned o opery ge, os rd he tona ns ed ndo s nt . y welbe tue. Buti doesnotf l t tAm e iur sdut ha bee ti r a t sar oft l r t olow ha rs e' y d n rgge ed t he t t he ltga i - bef eany prm a y i u e had con rbut d t t def e.A sar dy dic s an ii ton or i r ns r r ti e o he ens lea s us ed, e es i ur ' dut t d e i pr pt d when t prm a y c r i r r ac t dola lm i of xc s ns er s y o ef nd s om e he i r a r e e hes he l r i t is c e age N at' Uni 21 F. a 1 t ov r . 1 on, 4 3d t 27273. Pl nl t s doc r ne m odii s t br der ai y, hi ti f e he oa prnc pl t whi Zurc aludes i i e o ch i h l .Zurc doe noti ntf a c essa i ot r s Nora e ih s de iy ny as t tng he wie. r 16 s h a hortes lkey t e s,a a r quieme t def nd one' i ur r ga dl s of t uc ut ii i l o xit s e r nt o e s ns ed e r es he polcy' e i i pr son ofe es sa uswoul s low t Nat1 Uni l e whol . Bec us i s xplct ovii xc s tt d wa l he on ' ul e a e Ame iu ed mo tae t tad ca ao yj d me ti Zu ih' f v ri, nt alg to p e rs r e nsrts ha e lrtr u g n n rc s a o s o he l ains ld, e bar a amat roflw,t Compl ntsc sa i tAmers ewa r n dim is l red s te a he ai ' ount gans iur r a t s s a . Acc di l i i ORDERED a ADJUDGED t tDe e nt Am e iur l ur or ng y, t s nd ha f nda s rs e ns mwe Compa a Amers e M ut lI ur nc Co pa sM oton t Dimi st Sec Amen d ny nd iur ua ns a e m ny' i o s s he ond de Co ant( 43)i GRANTED. Count 1 and IIoft Se mpli DE s s1 I he condAme d Compli ( nde ant DE 39)aeDI I r SM SSED.Zurc ma fl aThidAme ih y e r ndedCompli byJanuar 27, ant y 2017. DONE AND ORDERED i Cha r ,a W e t P n mbe s t s ' . ' .w e ch,Fl i t s a orda, hi J nuar 2017. a y, > x' < . # z ' e x - D D M .M I D LEB ROO K S D UN I TED STATES D I STRI J GE CT UD c c: Al Couns lofRec d l e or da of y
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