Pine et al v. City of West Palm Beach Florida et al, No. 9:2013cv80577 - Document 72 (S.D. Fla. 2013)
Court Description: ORDER denying 3 Motion for Preliminary Injunction. Signed by Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks on 10/29/2013. (sw)
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Pine et al v. City of West Palm Beach Florida et al Doc. 72 UNI TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA CASE N O.1380577- V- I CI M DDLEBROOKSœ M NNON M ARY SUSAN PI e al, NE, t . Pli if , antfs CI OF W EST PALM BEACH , TY FLORI efal, DA, . Def nda s e nt . M NARY I NJUNCTI ON ON ORDER DENYI PLAI I FS'M OTI FOR PRELI I NG NT F - - - - THI CAUSE c e bef e t Cour u M o i by Pl ntfsM a y Sus n Pi a S om s or he t pon ton ai if r a ne nd Ma i nBlc b r (olci l S anif' f rPrlmi r lj n to (s oin' ( 3 fld rl a k u n c le t y,s itfs' o ei nay nu cin d to ' DE ) ie y ve pl ) M ) o J n 6 2 1 . Plitfsc aln eDe e d n Ciy o W e tPam Be c s(1 t ' e a t n n u e , 0 3 anif h le g fn a t t f s l a h' û y' n cme t Ci ) a d e o c me t o Or ia c No.43 6- 1 ( d j3 - 8 (or i n e rg ltn n s n nfr e n f dn n e 3 1 Co e 4 3 ) ç dna c ) e u aig oie s ao n h at c r f cl is Th Ci fldisRe po ei Op osto t teM o in( 3 )o r u d e l ae a ii e . e t ie t s ns n p iin o h to DE 2 n h t y J l 1 2 3.PlitfsfldterRe l i S p r o t M oino Aug s 1 2 3.( 47 . uy 5, 01 an if ie h i py n u po t f he to n u t , 01 DE ) Boh Pat sfld S p lme tr Fi n so Evie tay Maeilf rt Prlmi r Ij n to t ri ie u p e nay l g f d nir tra o he ei nay n u cin e i Hea i a or la gumen swe ehel on Oc o r1 201 Iha r viwed t e ier o d i rng nd a r t r d t be 8, 3. ve e e he ntr ec r n t sm at ra 1a ot r s f l a s i t pr s s. hi te nd m he wie uly dvied n he emie 1. BACK GROUND Pl ntfs a e a pa tofa gr of i vi l who a s m bl outi oft Pr i nta ai if r r oup ndi dua s s e e sde he esde i l Wo n' Ce tr Cç i c'1 t p oe t a an t a o t n a d t o f r i f main a o t me s n e Cl ' o r ts g is b ri s n o fe nor to b u ni ) o 1TheClni i aW e tPam Be c he lh c r f c lt t tof e spr nc r lt d s r i e , i cs s l a h at a e a iiy ha f r egna y-e ae e v c s i udi a tons t ispate s. ncl ng bori , o t i nt Dockets.Justia.com t s ci l op ai ale nai t a ton t t wome e e i t Clni . The Ciy i a m uni pa c or ton tr tves o bori o he n ntrng he i c e si unde t lwsand Consiuton oft Stt ofFl i xitng r he a tt i he a e orda. The i tnt ma tr i ves an Or i nce t Ciy ena t d i r s nsa te nvol d na he t c e n e pons t pu i e o blc comme s r ga di t ne f r lgil ton t addr s t i c n ii d s unds have on nt e r ng he ed o e sai o e s he mpa t mplfe o pa int . The Or na e,whih c eaes a quit z ar nd he t c r f iii ,has bee te s di nc c r t e one ou alh a e ac ltes n ame ndeds ve a tmessnceisi ta c ûc ton.On Se t mbe 26, e rli i t nii l odi a i p e r 2005, heOr na r ad: t di nce e ()Ex e ta p o i e u d rs cin 3 - 9 o t sa t l, o p ro s al o a y a c p s r v d d n e e to 4 3 f hi ri e n es n h l n n c , publc sr tor sd l or par us ope a e or ply a r di phonogr ph, i tee i ewak, k, e, r t a ny a o, a se e s t t pe orCD pl t lvii s tro e, a ay, ee son, ound smplfe ,orot r eecr c a o ii r he l toni udi de c t t pr es or r pr e n iid s vie ha oduc e oduc s mplfe ound,a a l l t t i pli y t eve ha s anl a bl a adit nceofmor t n t f tfom t s udi e t sa e ha en ee r he ound s c our e. ()No p ro s alpr d c ,c us t b pr d c d o alw t b p o u e b b esn h l o u e a e o e o u e , r l o e rd c d y o a m e ns a ur e s r no s orn plse s nd,ope at orpl y a r di ny a , ny mec s a y i e m i d ou re a ny a o, phonogr ph,se eo s t tpe or CD pl ye ,t e son,s a tr e , a a r elvii ound amplûe or ot r i r he ee to c a o d ce t t pr lc r ni udi evi ha oduce o r pr s r e oduce n ii d s s mplfe ound on any pu i sr e orsde l wihi 1 f tofa pori of a buidi ho i a blc te t i wa k t n 00 ee ny ton l ng usng he lh c r f iiy or a ot r i tt i r s ve f t sc or i ime at a e aclt ny he nsiuton e er d or he ik nfr d, p o ie ta te p bi sreso sd wak aj c n t s h fcl iss l b r vd d h t h u lc te t r ie ls da e t o uc a ii e hal e t cla l ma ke by c pi uoussg .... e ry r d ons c ins Or i a c No.3 6 - 5 Afe t e Or i n e wa c aln e i Pie v Ci o We tPam dn n e 8 7 0 . tr h dna c s h le g d n n . t f s l y Be h Ca eNo 90 c 8 23( D. a 2 0 )( een fe,Tfe2 07' a dHaf p v Ci 2 pa . t y ac , s . :4-v-01 S. 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( )No p ro s als o to c us t b p o u e ,o alw t bep od c d, y b e s n h l h u r a e o e r d c d r lo o r u e b a m e ns any n ii s ny a , mplfed ound, i l ng a luds ke , d u , r di ncudi o pea r r m a o, phonogr ph,se eo s t t pe or CD plye ,t lvii s a tr e , a a r ee son, ound n plie ,or o he m ii r t r eecr c a o i tumentorde c t tpr l toni udi nsr vi e ha oduce o r pr esn plfe s s r e oduc m iid ound on a publc sr e orsde l orfom prvae pr ry wihi 1 f toft ny i te t i wak r i t ope t t n 00 ee he pr ry lne ofa pr ry housng a he lh ca e f ciiy orany ot r i tt i ope t i ope t i at r a lt he ns iuton r er d f t sck or i lmed,pr de t tt publc sr e s o sdewal es ve or he i ntr ovi d ha he i te t r i ks a jc n t s c f clte s l b ce ry mak d b c n piuo sg s da e t o u h a i is hal e lal r e y o s c us i n i i ntf ng t e a e .... Any heat c ef clt t ti tfest f c lt as de iyi hos r as lh ar a iiy ha den ii he a iiy b i l c td i a q itz n i a c r n e wi s s ci n ()beo s l b eng o ae n ue o e n c oda c t ub e to c lw hal e h s be tt t es melmiain o n lfe s u d d srb d i ti s cin wihn u j c o h n i tto s n mp i d o n e c ie n h s e to t i i 10 f etoft pr ry lne o apr ry housng s he lh ca ef iiy. 0e he ope t i f ope t i uch at r aclt Or n n eNo. 33 - 1 j3 3 dia c 4 6 1 , 4-8. Si t Ciy ha hea d t tmony fom m e ca pr es i sdurng dic sonsoft nce he t d r esi r di l of sonal i s us i he Or na et ta ii d noiec us d i r a edbl pr s ur bl tow , ndhea tr t t di nc ha mplfe s a e nc e s ood e s e, ood l a r ae o pa int , her vie Or na ei l d a e a ton ofispup os t r ducenoiepolu i te s t e s d di nc ncude n xpl na i t e: o e s lton a oundhe lh c r f ciii .l addii t Or i ncei l st Ciy' tndi t tpa int r at a e a ltes n ton,he d na ncude he t s i ngs ha te s s b e tdt l u n ie we ea rs f ra es me ia c n e u n e .Se Or i n eNo. u j ce o o d os s r t ik o dv re dc l o s q e c s e dna c 4 3 1 , 3 - 2. 3 6- 1 j 4 3 I a ton, heOr na e i l n ddii t di nc ncuded s i asoneoft bn houtng he nned a tons a us c i , nd e o a l pea ra a dr m a ba d a ii d s f ouds ke nd u s nne mplfe ound,and e nde t quitz t xpa d he e one o 1 f tof t pr ry lne a op e t 1 f t of t buidi 00 ee he ope t i , s pos d o 00 ee he l ng. An S m plfe t ii d a s t 'unde t Or nanc i t s und a e t d by a eecr coro he mea t t o md' r he di e s f o a ugm n e ny l toni t r ns ha ice s stes t lv lo v lme' 1 .j3 - 4 ç h ui 'me nstan r ao bl n ra e h omd e e r ou . d 4 3 . ç o t ' a i ly e s na y ' s ng g l d, boit r ou se ous or r ous s utng i a r i nta a ea or wihi a quit zo auc ho i n ny esde il r tn e ne esa ihe pur ua t s ci 34- . tbls d s nt o e ton 38 ' f .j3 - 5 1 ) Alh u h t e Or i n e ' # 4 3 ( 2 . t o g h dna c . . . bmm e n ii s d mplted ound a s i i t qu e z nd houtng n he i t one,i vi l a e fee t pike, ndi duas r r o c t diti t lt rt e,a s a t pai n swihi t quitz srbu e ie aur nd pe k o te t t n he e one. The Clni a wel as St M a y' M e ca Centr has i oke t pr e tons o t i c, s l . r s di l e, nv d he ot ci f he Or na eand hase eced sgns de inatng t a ea 10 f e s r di nc r t i sg i he r 0 e t uroundi t pr pe t lneasa ng he o ry i 4 I Se e r201 M s Pi wa ct d und a ol rve son oft Or na f n pt mbe 0 . ne s ie er n de r i he di nce or qui tzone. e , usng a b l n wihi t Clni squitz a s ha t pa afneof$250. On J ne 6, i ulhor t n he i c' e one nd he d o y i 00. u 2 3 Plitfsfldtei sa t to s e i gt h vet Co r ej i t eCiyfo e f ri 01 , an if ie h n tn Mo in e k n o a he u t non h t r m n o cng t Or na ,whih t y c e vi a es t i c tt i l rg s The Cour hel or l he di nce c he ontnd olt he r onsiutona i ht . t d a a gumen so Oc o r1 201 r t n t be 8, 3. I. I LEGAL STANDARD A dsrc c u t y g a tij n tv rle o l i temo i pa t s owst t ( )i h s itit o r ma r n nu cie eif n y f h vng ry h ha; 1 t a as sa ta l eio dofs c e so temeis ( )irp rb eij r wi b s fe e u ls t ub tnil i l o u c s n h rt; 2 re aa l n u y l e uf rd n es he k h l ij n to is e ;( ) t e tr ae e ij r t t e mo a t o t ih wh tv r d ma e t e nu cin su s 3 h h e tn d n u y o h v n u weg s ae e a g h p o o e ij ncin ma c us teo po i p ry; nd( )i is e teij n to wo l n tb r p s d nu to y a e h p sng at a 4 f su d,h n u ci n ud o e a ves t tep b i itrs.Kly v Un tdHe l g o p, n .? 6F.d 1 9 ,1 9 ( 1h Ci. d re o h u lc n ee t a . ie at r u I c, 7 3 0 2 0 7 1 t r h 2 0 )(ii Se e v Le r ,2 4 F.d 1 6 ,1 7 ( 1h Ci.2 0 )(n b n )( e c rn ) 0 4 ct ig l . po e 3 3 1 3 1 6 1 t r 0 0 e a c p r u iml; ng Mc al sCop.v Robe tons1 F. 1 1 ( 1h Ci.1 .I t Fis Ame Don d' r . rs 47 3d 301, 306 1 t r 998) n he rt ndment con e , hequesi i r duce t t quesi n ofwhehe t pl i ifi lkey t s c ed on t t xt t ton s e d o he to t r he antf s i l o uc e he me i b c u e ( )t el s o F rtAme d n fe d msi p e u d t c siu eirp rbl rt e a s : 1 h o s f is s n me t re o s r s me o on ttt re a a e 4Th Or na er quie e h he lh ca ef ciiy t er c a ma nti sgnsi s di nc e r s ac a t r a lt o e t nd i a n i n ome e cons cu plc t noiyi vi st tt a e s r ngt f iiyi afouitZone. pi ous a e o tf ndi dual ha he r a uroundi he aclt s G e ' ' Or i n eNo. 3 6 1 , 3 - 8 c .Th sg smu tb pa e o e eysr e, ve u , raly dna c 4 3 - 1 j 4 3 () e in s e lc d n v r te ta n e o le upon whi h t f clt i st t d. 1 c he a iiy s iua e d. 4 h r , wih no adequat r m edy at lw; and () g v r me t lc mp in e wih te Fis 2 o e n na o la c t h rt am t e e a 5 Ame d n awa s r e t ec mmo g o Haf p, 0 6 W L 5 0 261a * 9 3 n48 d n me t l ys e v s h o n o d. l 2 0 pa 70 t 2 -0 . . % A p ei n r ij n to i a e ta r i a d d atc r me y n t t b ga td u ls t e rlmiay nu cin s n x ro dnmy n r si e d o o e r ne ne s h mo n ce ry etbihe t eG r e o p rua in'a t a1f u ee n s' Da iof& CI va t lal sa ls d h bu d n f es so s o 1 o r lme t. vd f ' E, S v #fD I t Co p.2 3F.d 1 9 ,1 0 ( 1hCi. 0 )( u tn Sige, 3 F.da 1 7 ) A . n 1 r , 6 3 2 7 3 0 1 t r 2 01 q o ig e l2 4 3 t 1 6 . 11 1. LEGAL ANALYSI S A. Su sa il k l o o c e s b t nt Liei d fsu c s a ho Inot a t ons tt tlr cogni t m or l r lgi ,a poltc co e nsi ve i e t he e ha e ze he a , ei ous nd ii al nc r nvol d n t lgalis i t s ma tr Ne t l s 1mus f usonl on t l li s pr e e i he e s ues n hi te . verhees , t oc y he ega s ues es nt d n dee mi ng i t ntM oton. l or rf Pl ntfst s t r ni nsa i n de or ai if o how a s bsa i llkelhood o s cc s on u t nta i i f u es t me is t Co tmus fnd t tt Or na doe noti he rt , he ur t i ha he di nce s mpos a r a ona er srcto ont e e s bl e ti i n he tm e plce or m n r of pr t c e s e i a pu i f u . 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Fl. a e o s' o n Co ta tr o n o a k o vle Fl .8 6F,d fl c a n i , a, 9 2 l 1 8 ,1 5( 1h Ci. 9 0 ,h Elv n hCic in td: 2 3 28 1 t r 1 9 ) te e e t r ut o e Th o l ae o c n t ui n l uip u e c wh r weha esi t a a o - on e n y ra f o si to a j rs r d n e e e t v ad h t n n g ig volto c n t ue ir p rb eij r i t ea e o trta n me ta drg to i ai n o si ts re aa l n u y s h r a f is me d n n ih f t prva yj iprde e....Thertonal be ndt edecso wa t tc led i c urs u nc ai e hi hes iins s ha hil fe s ec a i sonsofprva be a e o t i it ngi enaur c dnot r e pe h nd nva i i cy, c us f her n a bl t e, oul beco pe a e f by m o tr dn a ;i ot wor ,pli if coul notbe m ns t d or nea y m ges n her ds a ntfs d m a whol de e. 8 F. a 1 96 2d t 285. () 1 Co tnt ayss ne An l i l c i rng whehe a r src i i co e - r lorcontntba e 1m us de e mi n onsde i t r e titon s nt ntneuta e - s d, t t r ne d t rt gove n e ha a t a r ul ton ofs c bec us ofdia e ntwih t ' he he whe r m nt s dop ed eg ai pee h a e s gr eme t he me s ge i co eys' War 491 U. a 791 A c e - uta r srci r cevesi e m e a e s a t nv . ' d, S. t . ont ntne r l e ti ton e i nt r dit r vi w,whie a c t ntba e r ti ton und r st hi he tlvelofr viw . He e,t Ciy e e l on e - s d esrci e goe he g s e e e r he t Or na e doe notr f rt an s ii con e i s e t r src orr gult The pu pos of di nc s e e o y pecfc t nt t e ks o e tit e ae. r e t Or na e i t pr t ctpai nt s e ng heat c r s r i s The f t o t r or do not he di nc s o o e te s e ki lh a e e vce . acs n he ec d i c t t t t Ciy e c e a s ug t lm i Pli if ' s ec ba e on t i c en . ndi ae ha he t na t d nd o ht o i t antfs pe h s d her ont t Fu t r e,f rt pur esoft i tntM oton onl Pl i if c rhe mor o he pos he nsa i y, antfs once t tt Or na i de ha he di nce s c e tne r l The e or Itndt tt Or na i c e - tal ont n - uta . r f e, s ha he di nce s ont ntneu r . () 2 Na r wl T lr d ro y ai e o Therghtt us s md a ii ton i pr ecedby t Fis Am e i o e ot mplfca i s ot t he r t ndme . Sai v Pe pl nt a . o e hi i s ut d he o h S aeo w Yo k 3 4 U..5 8 ( 9 ) However,t s rghti notabsol e;Gwhen t fte t t fNe r , 3 S 5 1 48 . e r ie of Fis Am e xe cs rt ndment rght i rnge on lgii t sa e i e e t, a ciy ma e t i s nfi s e tma e t t ntr ss t y nac na r y dr wn saut r gultng t tm e,plce,a m a r of s h aci te ' Ree e v rowl a t t es e a i he i a nd nne uc tvii s. ' vs . Mc n 6 1F.d 3 7 3 2 ( t Ci. 9 0 ( ingt Saa 33 U. a 5 2 .Theo dna c te co ns 3 2 7 , 8 5h r 1 8 ) ct o i, 4 S. t 6 ) i ri n e h gove n e e t m us bet ior d t a e st a tviist ta f c ,ortz tn t a f t t r m nt nacs t a l e o ddr s he c i te ha f e t h eae o fec , he lgii t sae i e es. f a 38 l baa i a lgii ae i e e ta ns i rngi Fis e tma e t t nt r t #. t 4. n lncng e tm t nt r s gai t nfi ng rt Am e ndmen rght,c t s d be mi ult tt pr f re poston i t ke p t fe dom s t i s ours houl ndf ha he e e r d ii s o e he r e oft Fis Am e he r t ndmen .1 a 38 W he i e pr tng a 1w r srctng c tt i lrg s t t d. t 2. n nt r ei a e ti i onsiutona i ht , he Cour has dic e i a a oblga i t do s i s h a m n r a t a d consiutona t s r ton nd n i ton o o n uc nne s o voi tt i l d f cswih u srk n t elw.Ha a 2 0 W L 5 0 2 a # 6 n.0 (iigAm. we & e e t t o t tii g h a k p, 0 6 7 0 61 t 2 5 ctn Po r fi t . . c a d Ex h Co ', 2 U. 9 ,1 ( 9 6 Cç h n v rp si e (a )mu t gh Co v Se . n c . mm n 3 9 S. 0 08 1 4 ) W e e e o sbl, lws s 6 be itprtd i a c r a e wih Co si to a p icpe . Am.Bo k elr v We b,91 n e ee n c o d nc t n tt in l rn ils' u ); o s le s . b 9 F.d 1 9 1 0 ( 1h Ci.9 0 ) 2 4 3, 5 0 1 t r1 9 ). The gove nme ha a s t nta it r t i pr e tng is ctze fom unwe c r nt s ubsa il n e es n ot c i t ii ns r l ome n ie Se Wa d 4 U. a 7 6 C# Cou clo o An lsv Tapa e sf r Vn e , 6 o s . e r , 91 S. t 9 ; n i fL s gee . x y r o ic nt 4 6 U. 78 8 6( 98 )( een fe ,Gt pa e s o Vn e t Th slgtmaei tr s as e ss S. 9, 0 1 4 h r ia tr ç l y r f r ic n' i e i t ne et lo xit Tx à. i whe t go n e s e t pr e t t a e s r n he ver m nt e ks o ot c he r a uroundi heat c r f ciii fom noie. ng lh a e a ltes r s Loud s oundsc n behar ult apa intsc r a r ove y. DocorJ y Tr bi t tfe durng a mf o te ' a e nd ec r t a a n esii d i t Ciy' Fe u r 2,2011 meei t sr s f noiepo l i i r s spai nthe i tme he t s br a y tng hat te s ul s luton nc ea e te alng i a d tern e f ra et e i a s d to ( 692 a 72 -8: 1. Dr Tr bn afr d ta n h i e d o n sh sa nd e ain. DE - t :3 1 ) . a i fime h t noie poluton i ha m f t patent'media ca e. / at114- Att meei t Ciy a s s l i s r ul o i s c l r #. : 8. he tng, he t l o no e t ti ha r c ve t tm o fom m e c lpr es i sr ar ngt a s e f c sof t d ha t d e ei d esi ny r di a of sonal eg di he dvere fe t n iep luin o p te th at a p irh a ig o teOr n n e ( 6 - 0 a 21;(e DE os o lto n ain e l t ro e rn s n h dia c . DE 8 1 t ) s e h 685 1E 6 - ;DE 6 - (r n c it o t h a ig f rp irv rin o t e Or ia c ta --7 8 7 9 3 ta srp s f he e rn s o ro e so s f h dn n e h t icu eds u so o t eh at c n e steCi s u h t a d e s) n l d ic sin f h e l o c m h t o g to d rsl. h y t e o mplfc ton qui n The Or na e s aes i is Fi ngs t t S he us of s und n ii a i e pm e t di nc tt n t ndi ha s c e t s l a r ucous noie t tm a i a pa tc a m n r an a a pa tc artm e a r a e oud nd a s ha y, n ri ulr nne d t ri ul i nd pl e s t ntal a unr s ac , ubsa i ly nd ea onabl i ade t prva pe ce a fe dom ofi y nv he i cy, a , nd r e nhabian s of t t , a d v st r t ,t e ct ' Or i n e No.43 6 1 ,j3 - 2 d . Fu t r r ,te Or ia c n iio s o h i ' dna c y. 3 - 1 4 3 ( ) rhemo e h dn n e Fi ng not t t no s poluton c us s a a a t heat pr e s a i tfe t ndi s ed ha i e l i a e nd ggr vaes lh oblm nd den ii d he Ci ss bsa ta itr s i e tbihngq itz n sao n h at c r fclte .1 .j3 - 2 a , t u tniln ee t n sa ls i u e o e r u d e lh a e a ii s d 4 3 () y' i ( 9. To a es t s l ii t i e e t t Ciy pa s t Or na ,whih ba s i ddr s hi eg tma e nt r s , he t s ed he di nce c ns houtng a a la ii s nd l mplfed ound on a publc sr e orsde l a fom prva e pr t wihi 1 ny i te t i wak nd r i t opery t n 00 f e of t pr ry lne ofa pr pery ho i a he lh c r f iiy. The e or me of t e t he ope t i o t usng a t a e aclt nf ce nt he q ez ui t one a ound he lh c r f clte pr t c s pai t unde goi s g c pr e es fom r at a e a iiis o e t ten s r ng ur i al oc dm r e i l noie t t may i ndurng oud s s ha nduce heat c lh omplcai . As i r l t t t Clni t i tons t e aes o he i c, he Or na e pr ecs women s e ng pr na r lt d s r c att Clni f o s i a di nc ot t e ki eg ncy-ea e e vies he i c r m houtng nd a i d s undst tm a c us t m ha m . mplfe o ha y a e he r Unlke isp e ousve sons t Or na e i plc s ii a doe nota y ct de. i t r vi r i , he di nc s a e-pecfc nd s ppl iywi The Or na e lm isisa i to t wihi 1 f e oft he lh c r f c lt , pr pe t jnedi nc i t t pplcai n o t n 00 e t he at a e a iiy s o ry i 6 The heat c r f iiy s e ng t esa ih aqui tz mus e e ta m ait n sgnson e r lh a e aclt e ki o tbls e one t r c nd n ai i ve y sr e ,a nue,a a ly t gvei vi l notc oft l to oft qui tzone. Esa ihi te t ve nd le o i ndi dua s ie he ocai n he e t bls ng a q e z a ound ahe lh c ef iiy, et Clni d r cl a es e t Ciy' l gii t ui t one r at ar aclt her he i c, ie ty ddr s s he t s e tma e i t r t i p o e tng pa int ' e ur t noie poluto a he t I ad ton,at h, n e es n r t c i te s xpos e o s l i n nd alh. n dii lhoug P an if'c ne d t a t e Or ia e s o l bee j ie b c us i i n ttmes ctc ma y litfs o tn h t h dn nc h u d n on d e a e t s o i -pe i , n i he t c r f iii s a e o n t t f hour a da s ve da a we k. l alh a e aclte r pe wen y-our s y, e n ys e mposng a tm e i i lm ia i i net rf a i e norwa r nt The e or ,i r a dst plc a tme,lfn t t i t ton s ihe e sbl ra ed. r f e n eg r o a e nd i i d ha t Or na e i no s t ntal br rt n ne es a y t ac evet Ciy' l gii t i e es. he di nc s t ubsa ily oade ha c s r o hi he t s e tma e nt r t Pl i if a s cli t t t Or na antfs l o am ha he di nce i unc tt i l be us i ba a ii d s onsiutona ca e t ns mplfe s dsi am a rt ti t br d.To s oun n nne ha s oo oa uppor t i poston,Pli if i e pr tt Or nanc t he r ii antfs nt r e he di e t me t ti vi l who us hea o an ha ndi dua s e dphone t lse t s s o it n o ound e natng fom an n plte a ma i r m ii r nd t e i i t qui z who us t r i whi h i lse a an i tum e t t n ii s hos nsde he et one e he ad o, c s it d s nsr nt ha mplfe s ound, vi ae t Or na olt he di nce. Ho ve , 1 dia e Pli if have f ie t r viw t we r s gr e. antfs a ld o e e he 6TheCiy' Gui ncef Applcain ofOr na eNo. t s da or i to di nc 4336- 1 ( 69- a 1 , ppeast be 1 DE 1 t ) a r o br dert n t Or na ,a wrte a l .The Or na a ho i esi vi uast us oa ha he di nce s it n, lows di nce ut rz ndi d l o e a iid s mplfe ound outi oft qui tzone Howe r t Gui nc i c t t tl w sde he e . ve , he da e ndia es ha a e or e e ofi e smay ct i vi l f Or nanc vi l tonswhe t y us a ii d nf c m nt fc r ie ndi dua s or di e o ai n he e mplfe s d ou sdeoft qu e z i t ts md m a behea d wihi t zone Thi dicr pa y oun t i he i t one f ha ot y r t n he . s s e nc s d bea es e ac r ngl houl ddr s d co di y. 8 Or nan asa whol,a i ta haveus d Seci 34- i ioltont ma t i a g e t di ce e nd, nse d e ton 38 n s ai o ke he r r um n s. S ci n 3 - 5a pisi c nu cin wihSe to 3 3 , c e pan whe u eo r do a e to 4 3 p le n o j n to t cin 4- 8 whih x li s n s f a is nd e a o ha ot r s nd n plfe s vi ae t Or na e ge r l 7 For e n e, us of a r di t t he ou m ii r ol t he di nc ne aly. x mpl i it r l)t epe c ,q ita d c mf r o te n ih o i ih bi ns'o ta i a avou ç su b s h a e u e n o o t f h eg b rng n a t t' r h t s t lme d a l r I ha i ne es a y f co nint he rng' f vol a y lsene s woul vi at t e oude E n s c s r or nve e t a i ' or untr it r d ol e h Or na . The us of hea di nce e dphone a t r di woul not be a pe s vi ai of t s nd he a o d r e olton he Or na e. TheOr nmwepr vi s s cii e mpl sa e anai oft m a ri whi h di nc di o de pe fc xa e nd xpl tons he nne n c t Or na woul be vi ae The e or t e mpl s t tPl ntfs cie t s he di nce d ol td. r f e, he xa e ha ai if t o uppor t i t her a gume sa emipl c d. r nt r s a e 7se ton 34- oft Or nanc pr ded e m pl ofwha d e s bl l e e sve, ci 35 he di e ovi xn es t t a ona y oud, xc s i unr unne e s r orun ualnoies'whih i l ed: c s ay us s , ' c ncud ()Ra is tlvso sph n g a s ec Th u i , p rtng o pemii gt 2 do ,ee iin , o o r ph , t. e sng o e ai , r r t n o t bepl ye us d orope a e anyr di r evi s t t lvii s t musc l a d, e r td a o ec i ng e , ee son e , i a i tume , nog a orot rmac ne orde cef t pr ducngor nsr nt pho r ph, he hi vi or he o i r pr i ofs e oducng ound i s h manne ast dit b t pe e,quita c f tof n uc r o sur he ac e nd om or t neghborngi bia s ora a tm ewih l rvol et n i ne s a y he i i nha t nt , t ny i t oude um ha s ce s r f co ninthe rng f t pe s orpe s who a e i t r , c eor or nve e a i or he r on r ons r n he oom vehil c mbe i whi h s h m a hi o de c i ope a e a who a e vol m. ha r n c uc c ne r vi e s r t d nd r unt y lse r t r t Theope a in ofa s s ,nsr m e , it ne s he e o. r to ny uch et i tu nt phonog a mac ne r ph, hi orde c bewee t hour o 1100p. .a 7: a. .n s h amnn rast be vi e t n he s f : m nd 00 m i uc ne o pl i y a bl a a dit nceof1 f e fom t buidi sr t e orve cl i anl udi e t sa 00 e t r he l ng, tucur hi e n whih i i l a e s l beprm af c ee de e ofavi a i oft ss c i c t s oc t d hal i a i vi nc olton hi e ton. ( ) ie t ata t te to .Th u eo a yd u l u s a e o o h r 9 Nos s o tr c atni n e s f n r m,o d pe k r r t e i tu e orde c f rt pur e ofa ta tng a tnton by c eai ofa nsr m nt vie o he pos tr c i te i r ton ny unr s ea onabl l orunne e s r noiet a pe f ma e s y oud c s a y s o ny ror nc , how,s e, s a al di ply ora ve ts m e ofm e c ndieorwihi aquitz e t bls d pur ua t d rie nt r ha s tn e one sa ihe s nt o s ton 3 38 beow. eci 4l ( 0 fo d pe k r,ec Th u eo o eaino o u o t p bi sres aly 1 ) u s a e s t. e s r p r t n r p n he u lc te t, le s o a t oughf r a nd hor a es nywhe e i t sCiy f a pur eofa de ceknown a a r n hi t or ny pos ny vi s s und tuc l ud s ke ors o r k, o pea r ound a plfe orr o ora ot ri t m e of m ii r adi ny he nsnz nt a ki orcha a t rwhih e t t r f om l an r uc noiesa i ny nd rce c mis he e r oud d a ous s nd s a tche t a upon a ve c eope aed orsa ngupon s h sr e sorpublc ta d o nd ny hil rt t ndi uc te t i pl c af e e i a es orm ntonedorw ihi aquitz esabls pur ua t s c i 34tn e one t ihed s nt o e ton 38be o . lw ( 2)Shoutn Anyunr s bl l d, seousorruc s tngi a 1 ig. ea ona y ou boitr a ous houi n ny r i ntala eaorwihi aqui zonee tbls d pur ua t s ci 34esde i r t n et sa ihe s nt o e ton 38 beow . l 9 Si ce t Or na r gul t s i a a plfe s n he di nce e aes houtng nd m ii d ound t ta e tme,plc a ha r i a e, nd m n ne s cfc a i a eses t aci te t t a f t or t e t n t a f t t Ciy' n r pe i nd t ddr s he tvii s ha fec , hr a e o fec , he t s lgii t i e es i pa int 'he t lfndt tt Or na i na r y t ior d. e tma e nt r t n te s alh, i ha he di nce s rowl a l e () 3 Ale n ieMe n Av lbe tr at v a s ai l a W he t gove nm e tr gult s c i ac e - uta wa i doe notha t e c n he r n e aes pee h n ont ntne r l y, t s ve o na t a mea ur t t i t l s r src i alema i i t a t g m me m us e ur t t s e ha s he ea t e titve t tve; nse d, he ove nt t ns e ha s a r ha at na i c nnel ofco uni to unde t r gulton. S e F x ycxf r pe ke s ve ler tve ha s mm ca in r he e a i e l r/ r o Vi nt 466 U . a 8 5. An unr s bl lmi on at m ae a nuesofc muni ton wil nce , S. t 04ea ona e i t le t ve om cai l b f u du c nsiui n l S et yo no v Ply i T e te , n .4 U. 41 4 ( 9 6 . e o n n o t to a. e 7f fRe tn . a tme h ar s I c, 75 S. , 7 1 8 ) t He e,at m ai m e nst c r le tve a o omm u c t r m an a ia el rt Or na . Pli tfs ni a e e i valbl mde he di nce a n if may silempl o he efec i mehods of c muniatons The Fit Cic ti M e i v tl oy t r f tve t om c i . fh r ui n dln . Pame , 7 F.d 1 8 ( t Ci.1 8 ) f u dt a a o dn n eb n n a lfe s e c wihn l r 8 4 2 0 5 5h r 9 9 , o n h t n r ia c a nig mpiid p e h t i 1 f etof a hos t l nur i home,or a f iiy t tpr des out te s gi ls vies 50 e pia , sng ny ac lt ha ovi pa int ur ca er c , n mong ot rbuidi , co tt i l Thepl i if i M e i pr e t d asmia a gume he l ngs was nsiutona . antfs n dln es n e i lr r nt a Pli tf s t tbulhor we e nec s ay t r c t pa int e f c i y. The M edln c t s a n if : ha l ns r e s r o ea h he te s fe tvel i our diag e d wih t pl i tfs a lse s ve a e f ci me hodssilaval bl t t pl i if , s r e t he a n if nd it d e r l f e tve t tl ia e o he antfs i u ng unn ii s e h,diplyi pl c ds and s m bolc s e h. l f ncldi mplfed pe c s a ng a ar , y i pe c t ound t tt 1 ha he 50 fe q itz n d dn ti n eo atr aea n e of o niain a dr f s dt ej i te e t ue o e i o mpig n len t ve u s c mmu c to n e u e o n on h o di nc r na e. Si l ry t M e i Pli tfsi t sm a trha ale na i m ehodsofc muni to mia l o dln, a n if n hi te ve t r tve t om cai n silaval bl unde t Or na e. Fore m pl t y a e silfe t t l sng,hol up sg tl ia e r he di nc xa e, he r tl r e o ak, i d i ns, a diti e lt aur t pa int wihi t q e zo nd srbut iert e o te s t n he uit ne. I f c ,durng t Ciy' M a ch 7, n a t i he t s r 201 M e tng r gar ng t Or na 1 ei e di he di nce,one pr e t ,M i le Ar tong,saed t t yelng ot sor chel msr t t ha li 10 bo her lef . N a n0 ne s r f pr t c or t a hive t i goa ofe a i women a utt i bei s v s t ces a y or o e t s o c e her l duc tng ( 6 - a 2 323 1 ) Th Ciyma eac n e td ef r t pon o td rn t a me t ta DE 9 2 t 2:- :5 . e t d o c re fo to it u u ig h t ei h t ng t pr e t s wou d c i t ha ale nae m ehods o co muni tng wih pa int . he ot sor l ontnue o ve tr t t f m cai t te s Furhe m o e Pli if ma silus a plfe s t r r , antfs y tl e m ii d ound a nywhe e outi t quitzone. Tha r sde he e t t an ha antfs i ht o pa int e e i t Clni c e t i nor t m does no me t t Pl i if ' rg t te s ntrng he i c hos o g e he co muni t e f c i y i i rnge ort tt i t Or na ei unc tt i l Ifnd t t m cae fe tvel s nfi d ha he nsant di nc s onsiutona . i ha t Ciy ha e t a Or na he t s naced n di nce t t l ve aler t a nue a ia e t Pl ntfs t ha ea s t nae ve s va lbl o ai if o co muniat wih pai nt e e i s i heat c r f c lte m c e t te s nt rng a d lh a e a iiis. B. Ap ia in o dna c plc to for i n e ti ha he di e s itn s Pli tfs c e t t e n i t Cour fnds t tt Or nanc a wrte doe not a n if ont nd ha ve f he y ga ns he vi a e t i Fis Am e olt her r t ndmentrg s t Ciy i e or i t Or na e onl a i t t m i ht , he t s nf cng he di nc be us of t r pr lf vi wpont whie a l ng sm ia l st t d s ke s t pr e ca e hei o-ie e i , l lowi i lry iua e pea r o oduc a ii d s und wihi t quitz fe y. The Ciy a g st ti i nota r ofa ot r mplfe o t n he e one r el t r ue ha t s wa e ny he vi aor of t Or na e a i not dic i i tng a i t Pli if ' viwpoi . The olt s he di nc nd s s rm na i gans a ntfs e nt gove nm e m a notr gult prva es c ore es i bas d o iss t ntve c e ort r nt y e ae i t pee h xpr son e n t ubsa i ontnt he me s g i c n e s Se Ro e b r rv Re tr(rVstr o te Un. f P , 5U. 81 ,8 8 sa e t o v y . e s n ege . co Q ii s f h io W. 51 S. 9 2 o ( 995) W he t g r nte gesi vi 1 . n he ove nme nga n ewpoi dici nai i lmiss c t woul nt s rmi ton, t i t pee h hat d o he wie be a l d,t r by vi a i t s ake ' Fis Ame e rght . I a 830;s t r s lowe he e oltng he pe rs rt ndm nt i s d t ee as Go d Ne Cl b v Mifr Ce r lS à ,5 3 U. 9 ,1 6 (0 ) Co n l sv NAACP lo o ws u . l d nta c . 3 S. 8 0 2 01; r ei . o u Le al f t Edu . n I c, 3 U. 7 8 8 6( 9 5 ; lrv Du a Co S h Bd.2 6 F.d g De f c Fu 4 n .47 S. 8 , 0 1 8 )Ad e . v l . c . , 0 3 1 0 1 81( 1hCi. 00 )(n b n ) 07 , 0 1 t r 2 0 e a c . The Ciy hasnotb oughte or eme a ton f Or na e vi a insagans any o he t r nf c nt c i or di nc ol to i t t r p ro o e tt b sd s P an if. ( 5 - a 5 6 . S.Ma y sM e ia Ce trha ee td es n r niy e ie litfs DE 4 6 t - ) t r ' dc l n e s r ce 11 sg notf i i vi l t ta qui tzo e ss i t a e s r i ns iy ng ndi dua s ha e ne xit n he r a uroundi ispr ry lne,ye ng t ope t i t teCiyh sn tis e a y ctto st idviu l te e ( 6 - 2 . Plitfsa g et a ti h t a o s u d n iai n o n i d as h r . DE 8 1 ) anif r u h t h s f c de a t monsr t s vi wpoi dic i i ton. Howe r Idiag ee. Core a in d s no me ta e e nt s rm na i ve , s r r l to oe t an ca ai The Ciy i no s l c i l enf cng t Or na e a i tpr lf a us ton. t s t e e tvey or i he di nc ga ns o-ie dvocae No t s. ot ri vi ual a eusng bulhor a ot rpr bii nmplfe s i e tbls d quitzone , he ndi d s r i l ns nd he ohi tve ii r n sa ihe e s t t Ciy' knowl dge. The e or ,t Ciy i no dic i i tng agans Pl ntfs viwpoi ; o he t s e r f e he t s t s rm nai i t ai if ' e nt t Ciyi enf cngt Or i nc ag i tt ewho vi aei. he t s or i he d na e ans hos olt t Pli if not t t t Ciy has not e or d t Or i nc ag ns t s r antfs e ha he t nf ce he d na e ai t he uroundi ng r t ur nt t t us drve t u i e coms i t quit z esa a s ha e i hr ntr n he e one or a ns t Clni f is gai t he i c or t l pe ker .Howeve , t e mpl c tt esa vi a i unde t Or nanc ouds a s r neiher xn e onsiut olton r he di e. Ast t r sa a s i e c s t m ,t r i a ditnc dif r bewee t i e c o he e t ur nt ' nt r om yse he e s si t fe ent t n he nt r om s t ms us d by t W e s a Polo Tr c l r saur n s and a i tum e t us d f yse e he ndy' nd l opi a e t a t n nsr n e or a ii a i mplfc ton. The r t ur nt us t i i e c s t a l e pl s a c t e s t esa a s e her ntr om o low m oyee nd usom r o c omm uni t t s tm stans t s cae; he yse r mi ound. The do noti r as t s und lvelorvol m e of y nc e e he o e u t c he onve s ton, a t e or t ey do ft unde t Or na e' defnii of ç mplfed rai nd, her f e, h i r he di nc s i ton ç ii a # s ' o ç ho i ' Furhe ,whie Pli tf sc am i t re r exa e t ti vi l ound' r ç utng.' t r s l a n if l i n hei xteme mpl ha ndi dua s who us a bo box a f lvol e om t ul ume i aqui tz woul notvi ae t Or nanc be aus t n e one d ol t he di e c e he boom bo i ta m itng s x s r ns ti ound, heri t p r t ton oft Or na e i i i Suc a a ton t i ne eai he di nc s nvald. h n c i woul lke ybec i r d anoievi l ton unde Se ton 34- oft Or na di l onsde e s o ai r ci 35 he di nce. As t t Clni s l pea r , t own a ope aor of t Clni , M o Rei, o he i c' ouds ke s he er nd rt he i c na s pr de a a fda tsa i t ts doestno ha t a lt t us t s a s a t y a e ovi d n fi vi t tng ha he ' t ve he biiy o e he pe ker s he r c iur f us byI efc Se urt ' ( 68- a 2 . Tys J ms t ViePrsde of onfg ed or e ntra e c iy.' DE 3 t ) on ol , he c e i nt Pl no Ope a i f l e f c e a ne i hi a fd vi t tt l pea r a e pa toft a r tons or ntr a e, xpli d n s fi a t ha he ouds ke s r r he 12 Clni s i er c i s c iy s tm . i c' nt a tve e urt yse I i us d t i or a unau horze i vi ua t the or t s e o nf m n t i d ndi d l ha s i on t Clni ' pr pe t a s d l a The s cu iy s t m i o y us d a trhour . he s he i c s o ry nd houl e ve. e rt yse s nl e fe s The Or na e c ansan e mpton f bur a aa m s s ch as t Clni s s curt s t . di nc ont i xe i or glr lr u he i c' e iy ysem Se j3 - 0 5 . Th fc ta te s se i itr ci ea d alwstemo io t c mmu iae e 4 4 4 ) e a t h t h y tm s nea tv n l o h nt r o o n c t wih t una horz d i vi ldoesnoti ldaet Clni se t he ut i e ndi dua nvai t he i c' xempton unde t Or na e. i r he di nc Si t Ciy i no enf r ng t Or na onl agans Pl i if be us of t r nce he t s t o ci he di nce y i t antfs ca e hei viwp nt l fnd t t Pl ntfs a e not s bsa i ly lke y t pr va l on t i asa id e oi , l ha ai if r u t nta l i l o e i her -pple c le . halnge C. Va ne s gue s Plit f c ne d ta te Or ia c s ud b e j i e b c us i i v g e ani s o tn h t h f dn n e ho l e n on d e a e t s a u . M ahe ai a c ra n y i nott be e pe t whe i e pr tng a 1w f vag ne s Gr yne v t m tc l e ti t s o x ced n ntr ei a or ue s . a d . Ci o cf r 40 U. 1 4 1 0( 9 2 .A lw s o l o yb f u dva u i i tr aes t fRo ko d, 8 S. 0 , 1 1 7 ) a h u d nl e o n g e f t ems r o y s i fniet tçme ofcomm o i eli e mus ne es a iy g s a ism e i an dif as nde t ha < n n nt lg nce t c s rl ue s t t anng d fer t isa pl ain. Co n l v Ge . n t. . 2 U. 3 5 3 ( 9 ) W he deemi ig o t p i to ' n al . n Co sr Co, 69 S. 8 , 91 1 26 . n tr nn c ' y wheher a l i vag t Cour wil l t çwha t Or nanc as a whol pr hi t . t aw s ue, he t l ook o l t he di e e o bis' ' Gryne 408U. a 11 ( tngEsab v Ce .M o St eCol.41 72d 1077,1 ( h Ci. a d, S. t 0 cii t an . nt . at l, 51. 088 8t r 1 969:. As dic s pr vi l t Or na e s c fc l ou l s us ed e ousy, he di nc pe ii aly taws s i and a ii houtng mplfed s und o publcsr ds sde l ,a p i t pr ry wihi 1 f e ofahe lh c r f clt s o n i te , i waks nd rvae ope t t n 00 e t a t a e a iiy' pr pery lne. The f iiy m us ha sg no iyi i vi l of t qui t z o t i aclt t ve ins tf ng ndi duas he e one. The Or na st r sar undert nda e;i ex answha i pr bie a whe e. I defnest di nce' e m e sa bl t pli t s ohi td nd r t he tr i a ma e t a i n tc n u ig o a i u u . Fo e mp e ç ho tn ' i ian ems n nn r h t s o o f sn r mb g o s r xa l, ' u ig' s t l y s l r a ona y l e s bl oud,b se o orr uc s i i a r sde ilar a or wihi a quitzo oitr us a ous houtng n ny e i nta e tn e ne 1 3 e tbihe p ru ntt s cin 3 3 . sa ls d u s a o e to 4- 8 Or i a c No.43 6- 1 j3 - 5 1 ) And a dn n e 3 1 , 43 (2. n ta ii d s çmplfe ound' i ç s nd aug e e by a eecr c o ot m e nst ti r s t ' s ç ou a m nt d ny l toni r her a ha nc ea ts he s u d lv lo v lme' I j3 - 4. F rh r r ,t e Or n n e p o i e lw e f r e n o n e e r ou . d 4 3 u temo e h dia c r vd s a n oc me t ' of r wih t c tons t t mus e s bef e t y c n e or e t Or na e. M e of fce s t he ondii ha t xit or he a nf c he di nc n c ommon i eli e e woul undert nd t Or na e' m e ni a woul no dif r a t is nt lg nc d sa he di nc s a ng nd d t fe s o t a ia i The e or 1fnd t t Or na i notv pplc ton. r f e, hat he di nce s ague . I V. CONCLUSI ON Sn e te Ci ( )h s e a td a Or ia c t ti c ne tn u rl tme pa e a d ic h t 1 a n ce n dn n e ha s o tn- e ta, i , lc , n y: mn n rs e i t a d e st a itr s, n p o ie atmaea e u st c mmu iae ( )h s n e p csc o d r s h t nee t a d r vd s le t v n e o o n c t; 2 a n t e f re t e Or ia e i a ve o n ds rmiao y ma n r a d ( ) h s e a td a o n o c d h dn nc n iwp it ici n t r n e ; n 3 a n ce n Or na e t i notvagu I fnd t tPl ntfs ar not s t ta l lkey t pr val o t di nc hat s e, i ha ai if e ubsani ly i l o e i n he me is oft i Fis Ame e c le rt her r t ndm nt hal nge. The e or f t f eg ng r as ,I fnd t t r f e, or he or oi e ons i ha Plitfsha e fi d t stsy alo te rq rme t t warn p ei n r ij nci r l f anif v al o aif 1 f h e uie ns o ra t r l ay n u t ei e mi ve e a ns t Ciy. gai t he t Ac or ng y,u c di l pon r vi w ofPl i if ' Co pl nt Pl ntfs M oton,a s e e antfs m ai , ai if ' i nd uppori tng s iso ofb h Pa tes a wel ast a gumentpr en e a t Oct r 1 201 he i i ubm s ins ot ri , s l he r es t d t he obe 8, 3 arng, t i h r b ORDERED AND ADJ s ee y UDGED t t anif' oi nf r ei n r Ij n to ( ha Pli tfs M to o Pr l a y nu ci n DE mi 3 i DENI )s ED. l i f rh rORDERED AND ADJ t s u te UDGED t a teCo r' Oco e 9, 3Or e ( h t h u ts tb r 201 d r DE 6 )sa i g ds o ey i t i matri VACATED. Tra i t i ma ri std rngt et 0 tyn ic v r n h s te s il n hs qe s e u i h wo we ti pe i c me ng Fe u r 1 201 The Pa tes s l a r t t f l ng ek ral rod om nci br a y 0, 4. ri ha l dhe e o he olowi a e d pr ti s dul ,whi h s l no bemodii a entco pe lng cr m sa s m nde e ral che e c hal t fed bs m li icu t nce . Nove be 25,201 m r 3 A1 dic r s l be c m plt d. l s ove y hal o e e De e be 1 201 c m r 2, 3 A1 Pr tilM otonsa M e andaofLaw s l befld. l era i nd mor ha l ie 14 J nua y 1 201 a r 3, 4 J nt Pr til Stpulton s l be sl oi era i a i hal ed. De i tons of sgna i de ii t si ony s lbe ma poston e tm hal de. Ja r 27, 4 nuay 201 Ob e to st d sg to so d p sto tsi n s alb j cin o e inai n f e o iin etmo y h l e Fe u r 3, 4 br a y 201 J y I tuci ur nsr tons or Pr e Fi ngs of Fa and opos d ndi ct Conc uso ofLa s lbefl l ins w hal ed. Fe ru r 5, 4 b a y 201 St t Conf r nc / aus e e ec DONE AND O RDERED fl d. La e desgnai ns s l not be a s i e a en ie t i to ha l dmi sbl bs t e ge cr um sa s xi nt ic t nce . a Ca l r l. i Ch mbesi etPa B h,Flrd ,hs G da o n a rn s oia tiz yf Ocobe ,201 t r 3. D ALD M . I M DDLEBROOK S UNI TED STATES DI STRI J CT UDGE Co e t pis o: Couns lofRec d e or 15
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