C-Mart, Inc. v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company et al, No. 9:2013cv80561 - Document 232 (S.D. Fla. 2014)
Court Description: ORDER denying as moot 114 Motion class certification; granting 127 Motion to Certify Class; denying 171 Motion for Hearing( Calendar Call set for 4/2/2014 01:15 PM in West Palm Beach Division before Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks., Jury Tria l set for 4/7/2014 09:00 AM in West Palm Beach Division before Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks.). CALENDAR CALL PREVIOUSLY SET FOR WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 2014 HAS BEEN RESET FOR WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 2014. SEE ORDER FOR DETAILS. Signed by Judge Donald M. Middlebrooks on 2/4/2014. (sw)
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C-Mart, Inc. v. Metropolitan Life Insurance Company et al Doc. 232 UNI TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT SO UTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA CASE NO .1 8 3- 0561- V- I CI M DDLEBROO KS& M NNON C- ART, C.aM is ur c por ton, M m , s o i or a i i i dua l a ast r pr e ai ofa nd vi ly nd he e es nt tve cas ofsm ia l st t d pe s , l s i l ry iua e r ons Pli if antf, VS. M ETROPOLI TAN LI I FE NSURANCE COM PANY, al, et . De e nt . f nda s / ORDER ON M OTI FOR CLA SS CERTI ON FICATI ON THI CAUS c me b fr te Co r u o Plitf C- M , n . ($ M a4' Mo in S E o s e oe h u t p n an if M I c' ç s C- 1' to ) f r Cls Ce ti ai n ( 1 7 , fld No e e 2 ,2 3) D ee t M e r inn Lie topolt f o a s ri c to DE 2 ) ie f v mb r 5 01 ' f ndan I s rnc Company' (l etie' Moi n t De y Cls Ce tfc to ( 11 )2 fld o M f ) to o n a s riiain DE 4 , ie n nua e s ç tz ' N o mbe 21 201 a M e Lie' M oton f Or lAr um e t o Cl s Cerik a i M oto ve r , 3; nd t f s i or a g n n as tf ton i ns ( 1 ) fl d on Decem ber 12,2013. 1h v rv e d ter c r i t isa tmatr a I DE 71 , ie 3 a e e iwe h e o d n he n tn te , nd n ot r s f l ad s d i t pr mi e . m he wie uly vie n he e s s 1 ee d n sS o ikGr u Co.S ot So ik a dS o ik Gr u Co rto ( olci l D fn a t trc o p , c t R. trc , n t rc o p po ain c le t y, ve S trc ' tldaRe p ns i Op osto ( 1 6 o De e r9 2 3 C- a tle isRe l s o ik' ie s ) s o e n p iin DE 5 ) n c mbe , 01 . 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' - t 31 . ; c d pe s Lybr v.fi s y 437 U. 463, and ve a S. 46 & n.2 ( 9 8 (-h ca s d tr n to g n r l ivov s c nsd rto s t a ae 9 1 1 7 ) tf e ls ee miain e eal n le o ie ai n h t r f' y çn s d i t efcu la d lg lis e c mp iig tep an ifsc u eo a to '.. t- h e mehe n h a t a n e a su s o rsn h litf a s f cin. . ll e f mo e c mplx d tr n to s rq ie i Rul 2 ( )3 ca s a to s e ti e e g e tr r o e eemiain e ur d n e 3 b ( ) ls cin n al v n r ae e tn lme t t teme is') itr a ctto so te ) na ge n wi h rt.'(nen l iain mitd . h ' i ' a dititc tt c riy acls a to t nsme pl i if m us ha sa ng, nd s or src our o e tf F a s ci ns he d antfs t ve t ndi a tep ttv ca smu tme te c o t erq ie nss e iidi ( l 23a) a wela a la t h u aie ls s e a h f h e ur me t p cfe n Rue ()s s l s t e s o o t r q ie ns stf rh i Ru e 23b . 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Te. c0. o w. . c n 4 7U. 1 , 6 ( 9 2 . n l fs v Falo , 5 S. 47 1 0 1 8 ) 4 As t Rue 2 () 1' n me o i rq ie n ,te Elve t Cic i ç a ( ma e i o l 3 a ( )s u r st e ur me t h e nh r ut s s ) d t y h a mda l c e rt tt bur n t s tsy numer iy i ont pl i ifs e ng t ce tf acls , bt nty l a ha he de o a if ost s he antf e ki o riy a s a a pl i ifi notpe m itd t ma a ptr l s cultve s nd antf s r te o ke ley pe a i howi t tnum e ost hasbee ng ha r iy n me . Ab y, 2 F. D. t5 8(ii Kee s n 26 F. 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Ve 564 F. a 1 ( i Piz a v Eb co he me antf n elton o he a s' ga, ' 3d t 275 quotng a z . s l du . 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Wi or 521U. 591 623 ( 997) % hehe a is pr domi t ca onl be deer ne nds , S. , 1 . t t r n sue e naes n y W t mi d a tr c i rng wha va ue t r s uton of t cas - de i s wil ha i e ch cas fe onsde i t l he e ol i he l s wi s ue l ve n a ls me e ' u d ryn c us o a to ' Kly v man l c,38 F.d 1 41 1 5 ( 1h Ci. mb rs n e lig a e f cin. a .Hu a n . 2 3 2 , 25 1 t r ' 2 0 ) S p ro i i d tr ne wh r t emo igp ryc nd mo srt dn r a e e fce c ' 0 4 . u eirt s eemi d ee h vn a t a e n tae d ce s d f in y' y i t r u h te ca sme h nim . a k o v Moe 6Mu t r s I c,1 0 F.d 9 9 1 0 ( 1h h o g h ls c a s J c s n . tl ll po e n . 3 3 9 , 0 6 1 t pu Ci.1 9 ) I d tr nn wheh rt erq ie n so Ru e23b ( )h v b e s tsld c u t r 9 7 .n eemiig t e h e urme t f l ( )3 a e e n aife , o rs as l t lo ook o: r lng he os i ( )te ca s me e s itrss i i vi ualy contoli t pr ecuton or 1 h ls mb r ' n eet n ndi d l de e eofs pa a ea tons f ns e rt ci ; ( )te e tn a d n tr ofa y ltg to c n e ng t c nto es ar a y 2 h x e t n au e n iiain o c mi he o r v ry le d be by oragans cls m e r ; gun i t a s mbe s ()t ed sr blt o u d srb lyo c nc n rt t eltg to o t camsi 3 h e ia ii r n e ia ii f o e tai h iiai n f he li n y t ng t pa tc a f um ;a he riulr or nd ( )tel eydfiute i ma a igaca sa to 4 h i l ifc lis n n gn ls cin. k V g 5 4 F.d a 1 7 ( uoig FE R.CI P.2 ().Sl e b r e o po t e tbih t e e a, 6 3 t 2 7 q tn D. V. 3b ) ç- u d n f r of o sa ls h -h pr i y ofc as c rik a i r t wih t a a eoft cls . Vale Dr g Co.350 F. a opret l s e tt ton ess t he dvoc t he a s' ly u ' , 3d t l1 87. De e nt ar ue t t cas c riia i s d be deni f s ve a r as .The f nda s g ha l s e tfc ton houl ed or e r l e ons y c e t t C- M l c sa ng t s unde t TCPA.Furhe mor ,t y a gue t t Contnd ha M a ks t ndi o ue r he t r e he r ha M a ts p opos cls i nots fce l a c rana e ornume o t wa r ntc rii ai n,t t r' r ed a s s ufi inty s e ti bl r us o ra e tfc to ha c omm o iy i lc ng a nalt s a ki mong t cls me be s'cli s t C- M a is c elwoul he a s m r am , hat M nd t ouns d i equael rpr s ntt c a s t ti vi nad t y e e e he l s , ha ndi dualis pr domi t ove any q tonscommon s ues e nae r uesi t t ca s a d ta t e ca s ato d v c wo d b a ifro meh o a j d c tn t i o he ls, n h t h ls cin e ie ul e n n e ir tod f du iaig hs diput C- M ar ue t ti ha s tsi d ea h oft r quieme sf rcl sc rii a i s e. M g s ha t s a ife c he e r nt o as e tfc ton. 11 1. St ng andi Asa tles d ma t ,1m us de e mi whehe C- M hassa ng t brng t s s t ir hol ter t t r ne t r M tndi o i hi ui. S eGrf) v Du g r 8 3 F.d 1 6,1 8 ( 1h Ci.1 8 ) Pr do sti n v Bu h 221F.d e t a . g e , 2 2 47 4 2 1 t r 9 7 ; a - ema . s , / 3 6 1 1 -80( 1h Ci.2000) A pli ifbe st bur n ofesa ihi t i ha sandi 266, 279 1t r . antf ar he de tbls ng hat t s t ng. Se Ko ir v Ci o Ca s le r 3 2 F.d 1 0 1 0 ( 1h Ci.2 0 ( i n t Lua v e za a . t f s eb ry, 9 3 3 2, 3 4 1 t r 0 4) ct g o j n . y i Dee d r o Wid f , 0 U. 5 5 5 ( 9 2 ) To etbih sa dig apanifmu tp o e f n e s f ll e 5 4 S. 5 , 61 1 9 ). sa ls tn n , litf s r v : ()i s fee a çnu y i fc 'o a ij r t ti c n rt a d p riulrz a d a t lo 1 t u frd n d j r n a t' r n n uy ha s o cee n a t aie n cua r i c i n n,no c ne t rlo h p teia;( )a c u a c n e to b t e te ij r a d t e mmie t t o jcu a r y oh tc l 2 a s l o n cin ewe n h nu y n h c nd tc mp an do ;a d ()i i fi l 'a o p s dt meeyû p c ltv , t a teij r o uc o lie f n 3 t s lkey, s p o e o rl ç e uaie' h t h n u y l ' s ' wil erd e s db afvo a l d cso Re nc v Av e I c, 93F.d 1 7, 3 3 ( 1h Ci. lb e rs e y a r be e iin. s ik . M 4 n .6 3 31 1 2 1 t r 2 2 (n e lq oainso te )(iig t Fre d o h Ea t, n .v fad a En t. rs 01 ) itma u tto mitd ct o in s fte rh l c . ilw vl Sev . n ( ,I c,5 8 U. 1 ,1 0 81( 0 0 ) Fo u o t Fa l v PieisSu c a tT a st FOQ n . 2 S. 67 8 - 2 0 ); c s n he mi . n la n o s r n i y Auh, 4 F.d 1 6 1 7 ( 1hCi. 0 )(i n fua 5 4U. a 5 - ) t .3 4 3 2 3, 2 2 1 t r20 3 ct g j n 0 S. t 60 1. i Dee da t ag e ta C- ha fie t s w i s fee a ij r be a s o t er fn ns r u h t MM s ald o ho t uf rd ny nu y c u e f h i al ge con t Howe r C- a ts pl a ngs co e t t by s ndi t t olcied f x le d duc . ve , M r' e di nt nd ha e ng he ms i t a De e nt vi a e is lga l pr e t d i e e t unde t TCPA.As t Sup e Cour has f nda s olt d t e ly otc e nt r s r he he r me t e p an d a ij r f rsa d n p r os sç y e its ll b vrueo sau e ce t lg l x li e , n nu y o tn i g u p e i x s oey y it f ttts r ai e a ma ng rg t t e iv so o whc c e tssa dng'Lua 5 4 U. a 5 8 (ne n lq o ain a d ihs h n a in f ih r ae tn i . j n, 0 S. t 7 itr a u tto n ' ctto so te ) TCP c n esterg tt befe fo c ranhaa sn a dp i c -n dig i in mitd . A o fr h ih o re rm e ti r sig n rva y iva n a c onduc.M anno v He t ar Re enue Rec ey Gr p,LLC,289 F. D.674,682 ( 3) t . alhc e v ov r ou R. 201 . W he a de e ntvi a e t TCPA , he saut a t i e a a r ofda a s He e,C- a t n f nda olt s he t t t e u horz s n wa e m ge . r M r al ge t tt uns iie f x i r c i d wa s ntby Def nda s a i i s ki da a s le s ha he olct d a t e e ve s e e nt nd t s ee ng m ge bec e oft tvi a i ofisprva unde TCPA .C- M hasm e isbur n i s aus ha olton t i cy r M tt de n howi t t ng ha De e f ndant c s' onduc vi ae TCPA,whih i s f e t c e sa ng upon i. t ol td c s ufki nt o onf r t ndi t I V. Rul 2 a Requieme s e 3() r nt A. Cl sDq to as nnii n Be or e gi i t a yssr q r d by Rul 23,t q si ofwhehe t cas ha f e nga ng n he nal i e uie e he ue ton t r he l s s b e a e uaeyd fn d s ul bec n ie e . eKee s n 2 2F. D. t6 7( i n O ' el e n d q tl ei e ho d o sd r d Se lc e y, 6 R. a 6 ct g N il i v T eHo De tUSA.I c,2 F. D. 6 , 7 ( . F a 20 6 CAJp an ifs e n t . h me po . , n . 43 R. 4 9 4 7 SD. l. 0 :.t litf e kig o I r pr e a pr e cas mus esa ih t t t pr e cas i ade t l defne a e es nt opos d l s t t bls ha he opos d l s s qua ey i d nd ce ry a c ran be'Lit ,6 F.d a 1 0 (n e lq o ain maksa d ctto so te ) lal s e tia l. tl 91 3 t 3 4 itma u tt ' e o r n i in mi d . a t tA) va ue ca s d fnto p re d sg fc n ma g a iiy p o lms f r t c u t' t I g ls ei iin o tn s iniia t na e b l r be t o he o r. ' Kee s n 2 2 F. D. t6 7 ( u tn Rikv Ch mio a I . 2 3F. D. 48 6 0( . F a lc e y, 6 R. a 6 q oi g n . e n v , nc, 0 R. 6 , 6 M D. l . 2 0 ). 0 1) W iht i t ntM oto C- a ta kst Co tt c riy t f l ng c a s t he nsa i n, M r s he ur o e tf he olowi l s : Al pe s nsi M is iwho wer s taf smiedurng t pe i ofAugus 7, l r o n s our e en ac i l i he rod t 201 t ough Septm be 6,201 sa i ILOW COST LI I 2, hr e r 2, ttng, C FE NSURAN CE RATESI'TOR A FREE QUOTE PLEASE F THI F ,S ' AX S ORM TO:( 3 5 4 71 ) 5 9683, a GTO uns crbe,pl a e FAX yourr que tt OurPAPERLESS FM ' nd t 5 ubs i es e s o Comput :206- 0er 35 3403. ' 9 ( 1 7a 2 . DE 2 t ) De e nt co e t tt c a s defnii i o ry br d and no a c rana e.By f nda s nt nd ha he l s ton s ve l oa t s e ti bl i l ng i vi swho ma ha pr vi d t rpho n ncudi ndi dual y ve o de hei ne umbe svol t rl eihe t ough a r un a iy, t r hr n e t bls d busnes r ltons p orc e , hepr pos c a sde i ton i nor st ra lt t sa ihe i s ea i hi ons nt t o ed l s fnii g e hei biiy o e pl t i de e e t r TCPA .The a gue t t t i s of de e m i ng t r c pints m oy her f ns mde y r ha he s ue t r ni he e i e ' co e mus beadd e s d on a i vi lba i. ns nt t rse n ndi dua ss Be a et f x i c us he a mageC- M a t pr e cls r e ve di no ha t ne es a y M nd he opos d a s ec i d d t ve he c s r o - pr so C- a ta g st tt f c t tDe e nt obt ne t cl s me ptout ovii n, M r r ue ha he a t ha f nda s ai d he as mberpho ne numbe s tloug et r a esa ihe busne s r ai hi o t oug vol a y c e i r lr h ihe n tbls d i s eltons p r hr h unt r ons nt s ir e nt t do a i vi l i r t dee m i t s ce of ea h phone number i not relva ; o n ndi dua nquiy o tr ne he our c s n e s y bec us t ou c e woul be t s me:t f xe di no c ai t nec s r o ec s ar a e he t om d he a he a s d t ont n he es a y pt 8 outno i e ,i vi l ton oft TCPA.C- M ase t t tt c a swili l onl i vi s tc s n o ai he M s rs ha he l s l ncude y ndi dual whom De enda s s nt t olc td a ve ts m e s wihou t r quie opto r quie t f nt e ms iie d rie nt t t he e r d - ut e r men a ha e s aned he a p o ie f ri 47 U. C. 22 ()2 ( . The f ctt tDef ndant may have obt i t f x r vd d o n S. j 7b ()D)7 7Unde t Fe a Comm uni a i Comm ison' r ultonspr s i t i pl nt47 r he der l c tons s i s eg a i e crbed o m eme U. C. 2 ()2 ( ,h f x' o to t o iec mpiswihter q ie n so l i: S. j 27b ( )D) te a s p - u n tc o le t h t urme t n y f ( T en t ei ce r n c n piu u a do tefrt a eof h a v rie n ; A) h oi s la a d o s c o s n n h is p g t e d ets me t c ( Th n t esae t a tercpe t yma earq e t otesnd ro t B) e oi tts h t h e iin ma k e u s t h e e f he c a rieme no t s nd a f ur a rie dve ts nt t o e ny ut e dve ts ment t at lphonef smie s o ee ac i l ma neorm a hi sa t tf iur t co pl wihi 30 da ,wih s h a chi c ne nd ha a l e o m y, t n ys t uc rq e t eigt rq ie n su d rpaa rp ()4)v o ti s cini e u s me tn he e ur me t n e rg a h a ( ( ) f h s e to s unl wf l a u; ( Th n tc st f t terq ie n sf ra o to trq e tu de p r g a h C) e o ie es orh h e urme t o n p - u e u s n r aa r p ()4)v o t ss ci n a( ( ) f hi e to ; ( Then t ei ld s D) oi ncu e c ( )A d me tcc n a t ee h n n mbe a dfc i l ma hn n mb r 1 o si o tc tlp o e u r n a smie c ie u e f t r ci en t ta m i s h ar ques t t s nde ;a or he e pi t o r ns t uc e t o he e r nd ( )I n ih rterq ie t lp o en mb rn rfc i l ma hie 2 f et e h e ur d ee h n u e o a smi c n e numbe i at lfe nz be , s pa ae c tfe m e ha s i udi a r s ol-r e lm r a e r t os-r e c nim ncl ng W e st a e sore la es ,f ar i e tt ta mi ar ques b ie ddr s mai ddr s or ecpi n o r ns t e t puruan t s h notc t t s ndero t a rie e . l a s t o uc ie o he e f he dve ts m nt A oc l te elphonenu be a s s l c tt e ac tfe mec nim s l ngas m r l o ha l onsiut os-r e ha s o o r ci en sa e l a a wilno i e pi t r oc l nd l t ncura l dit eorot rs pa a e ny ong sanc he e r t c r f cal madet s h num b r a ha ges or ls o uc e ; nd ( Thetlp o ea dfc i l ml esa dc tfe me ha im ie tfe i E) ee h n n a smi mb r n os-r e c n s d n iid n e t notc mus pe mi a i vi lo busne st m a a op - r s 24 he i e t r t n ndi dua r i s o ke n tout eque t hou saday,7 da awe k. r ys e 4 C. R. 6 .2 0 a( )ii. rg a h()4 () r frnc da ve p o ie t tar cpe ts 7 F. j 4 1 0 ()4 (i Paa rp a( )v , eee e bo , r vd s ha e iin ' ) r ques t optoutoff t e a rie e si c pla onl i: e to u ur dve ts m nt s om i nt y f ( Therques i ntûe t tlphonenumbe ornumbe soft t e A) e t de i s he ee r r he elphone f csm ie ma neorm a hi st whih t r ques r lt s a i l chi c ne o c he e t ea e ; ( Therq e ti ma t t tlp o en mbe, a smien mb r W e st B) e u s s de o he ee h n u r fc i l u e , b ie a es ore laddr s i ntfe i t s nde ' f csmiea ri e nt a ddr s mai e s de ii d n he e rs a i l dve ts me ; nd 9 numbe st oug a prorr ltons p wih t cls membe s ort ough volmt r c e doe r hr h i ea i hi t he a s r hr t a y ons nt s note i nae t TCPA' optoutnotc r quie nt Se W Ave ur Chio ac i Ce er I . lmi t he S i e e r me . e nt a r pr tc nt , nc v M e Wa t Man g me tL e a . 20 3 W L 3 6 48 ( D.Fl.J l 3 2 3 ( rn ig . d se a e n LC, t l, 1 4 3 9 S. a u . , 01 ) g a tn pli tf M o i f r Re onsde ai a tr fndi t tdef nda s s e ha bo de e e was a n ifs ton o c i r ton fe i ng ha e nt ' af r r f ns irlv n wih u ap o e o to tn tc )( een he ,$ v a/r '; c v Wab r 7 5F.d ree a t t o t r p r p -u o ie h ri a r $ : l J' Na k . lu g, 1 3 . / ) X 6 0 (t Ci. 01 ) l aM is u irsd n r c i e a u s lctd fx fo t eDee d n s n 8 8h r 2 3 . f so r e ie t e ev d n n oiie a r m h f n a t, o ma tri t y s r d t i numbe wih t Def nt t oug vol a y me ,De e nt ' te f he ha e he r r t he enda s hr h unt r ans f nda s f x a rie nt di noti l t r quie optoutlnguag r quied u rt TCPA. a dve ts me s d ncude he e r d - a e e r nde he Conta y t De e nt con e i , no i vi r r o f nda s' t ntons ndi dual i r i nec s r a t i nquiy s es a y nd her e t bls r ltons p orvol ay c e de e e a e una ia ewhe e asher ,t optout sa ihed e ai hi unt r ons nt f ns s r va lbl r, e he r quie nti al ed t ha be vi a e Furhe mor Def nda s ha notpr s nt a e r me s leg o ve en olt d. t r e, e nt ve e e ed ny e de e ofa sngl a rie e c a ni t r quied optoutno i t twoul a l t m vi nc i e dve ts m nt onti ng he e r tce ha d low he t pr e s ade e e. o es nt uch f ns I a ton, f nt aser t tt o y i vi l who s ul bei l ed i t n ddii De enda s s t ha he nl ndi dua s ho d ncud n he cas a et ewho own t f x m a hi t tr cevedt diput d f xe .Howe r t des l s r hos he a c nes ha e i he s e a s ve , o tne c a sm e r hi ast twho Def nda ss ntt f x i i lnewih TCPA ' lng ge l s mbe s p hos m e nt e he a s n i t S a ua r r ng s ndi f ,a woul a l ac r t wa t i ntf De e nt i ende ega di e ng axes nd d low onc ee y o de iy f nda s' nt d rcpin s S eAv nu a i 01 W L 3 3 9, 5( D. l . u . 2 3 . d fn t ca s e i e t. e e tr l 2 3 46 48 * S. F a J l3, 01 ) To ei e he ls ot r s woul i et TCPA' e pha i on pr bii pa te fom s ndi ofe ng he wie d gnor he S m ss ohi tng ris r e ng f ndi f xe a s. ( Th p ro ma igterq e t a n t s b e u n t s c rq s, r vde C) e es n kn h e u s h s o , u s q e t o u h e uet p o i d e es i t ton orpe mi son t t s nde ,i wrtng orot r s ,t s xpr s nviai r s i o he e r n ii he wie o end s h a rie e t t s h pe s a s tl phonef csmiem a hi uc dve ts m n s o uc r on t uch e e a i l c ne. 4 C. R. 6 1 0 ()4 ( ) 7 F. j 4.2 0 a( )v . 10 The e or ,Ifnd t pr e c a sas rana ea a r f e i he opos d l s ce ti bl nd dequael defne t y i d. B. N u e os t m r iv l or rt s tsy num e ost C- a tmus demonsr t t ' he cl si s num e ous n de o aif r iy, M r t ta e hat t t as s o r t a j id ro a1me e si i r cia l. Ve a, 6 F.d a 1 6 6 ( u tn FE R. v. h t on e f 1 mb r s mp a tc be' g 5 4 3 t 2 6- 7 q o ig D. CI ' P. ()1) W hl l r alg to ofn r st ae i u f e t'Rul 2 ()1 i o e a 23a( ). ie f e le ains umeo iy r ns fkin r e 3 a( ) mp s s me ' d ne aly 1 hur e,'a 1 pli tf ne d no s s r l ow ge dl ' nd ç a n if e t how t pr c s num be of me be s i t a he e ie r m r n he ca s' V g 5 4F.da 1 7(i to so te ) ' v rh ls, pan ifsil e r t eb r e ls . e a, 6 3 t 26 ct in mitd .t e tee s a litf tlb as h u d n ' a Ne ofm a ng s ki ome s howi a f di t dititcour t m e ns t m a a s ng, for ng he src t he a o ke uppo td f t l re acua fn i g t a t e ca s a t l c ri d me t te n r st r q rme t' f (mp a i d n , h t h ls cual e t y se es h umeo iy e uie n . #. e h ss ' o iia) Alh u hmeen mb r a en td s stv ,h g nea r l o t mb i t Elv n h rgn l. t o g r u e s r o ipo iie te e rl ue f hu n he e e t Cic t i t t Ses t n t t one i i dequa e m or t n f t ade t , wih numbe s r ui s ha d s ha wen yl s na t , e ha ory qua e t r bewe n va yi ac or ng t ot r f c o s' Co v Am.Cas I on Pi Co. 78 F. 1 t e r ng c di o he a t r . x . ' tr pe , 4 2d 546, 1 5 ( 1h Ci.1 6 ; e n v Ca e Co , 45 F. D.5 5 5 8 ( . Fl. 0 ) Th Co r 5 3 1 t r 98 ) Ku h . dl . 2 R. 4 , 4 M D. a 2 07 . e u t ma a s c i f t r s h astt g og a c di r iy oft cas me r t na ur of y lo onsder ac o s uc s e r phi ve st he he l s mbe s, he t e t a to ,te sz o e c panif cam, u iile o o ,a d t i o v n e c o tyng he cin h i e f a h litf s li j dca c n my n he nc n e in e f r i i vi ndi dual lws t, an t a lt of t i vi l ca s me be s t i tt t i vi l a uis d he biiy he ndi dua ls m r o nsiu e ndi dua lws is' S e Aga v Kaz n (:Ko r P. , 2 2 F. D. 69 6 6 ( D. Fa .0 4 a ut. e ' n . tma Q r, A. 2 R. 2, 9 S. 1 2 0 ) ( miru e s J) Ku h 2 5F. D. t5 8 Di to la , .; e n, 4 R. a 4 . Thr ough t r viw ofoft f r c dsa c lde alr co dsby M r Bi r t f is he e e he ax e or nd al- t i e r . gge saf, t e r,obti d t ough dic r C- a te tm aest tDef nda ss tappr m ae y 35, xpe t ane hr s ove y, M r si t ha e nt en oxi tl 690 fx su de isca sd fn to Th sa u ti lr ee o g f rt e Co tt prs j id r a e n r t ls eiiin. i mo n s ag n u h o h ur o eume on e wo l b i r cia l. Th , C- M h s s c e d d i s wi t a Shee ae i f c ud e mp a t be us M c a u c e e n ho ng h t t r r n a t t 11 s fi in l n meo sp ris' Wa - r,1 1S. . t2 1(mp ssi o i ia) a dt a te u fce ty u r u a t , lMa t 3 Ct a 55 e ha i n rgn l, n h t h e ' nume ost r quie e ha be n s tsi r iy e r m nt s e aifed. Commonalt iv W ih r ga d t t c t e r o he omm onaiy oft cas Pl ntf ha t bur n t ç m onsr t t t lt he l s, ai if s he de o l de tae ha te ca sme r h v s fr d te sme ij r . Wa- r,1 S.Ct a 2 51 (u tto s h ls mbes a e ufee h s n u y' lMa t 31 ' . t 2 q o ai n o te .çl s doe no me n meey t tt ha a1 s fr a vi ai o t sme mitd) t-hi s t a rl ha hey ve l ufeed olton f he a p o so o lw. f .l d e i i n tj s te p e e c o c mmo q si n t a matr,b t rviin f a ' # n e d,t s o u t h r s n e f o n ueto s h t tes u ' t a lt oft cas aci de c t t e ol a is t ti c nta t t valdiy ofe h one he biiy he l s ton vi e o t s ve n s ue ha s e r l o he i t r ac oft cli i onesr ' 1 a 2251. t se t Supr m eCour e aned: he a ms n toke. d. t ' To hi nd,he e t xpl i W ha m a tr t c a sc rii a i ... sno t r ii ofc t te s o l s e tfc ton i t he asng omm on ç si ' l tons' que eve i dr ves - but r t r t c pa iy o a c a s de pr ee ng t ge ae nn o , a he he a ct f l s wi oc di o ner t c ommon a we s a t drve t r ol i of t ltgai Dismia ii ns r pt o i he es uton he ii ton. s i lrtes wihi t pr e cas a ewha ha t po e i lt i det ge r ton of t n he opos d l s r t ve he t nta o mpe he ne ai com m on ans ers. w 1 ( tngRihar A.Na r da,Cls Ce tf ton i t Ageo AggrgaePr ,8 N. U. d. quoi c d ga e a s rikai n he f e t oof 4 Y. L. v. 7, 3 ( 0 ) ( l r to i o iia) Re 9 1 2 20 0 ) at ain n rgn l. e C- a tc ends t t t m an c M r ont ha he i omm o a we t cl s defnii ge r t s i t t n ns r he as ton ne a e s ha Def nda s s nt cl s membe s uns i ie adve ts nt wihout t r quie optou e nt e as r olct d rieme s t he e r d - t pplc bl o l rq ie n p o ie f ri 47U. C.j2 7 b ( )D)8Thi a w e wo d be a i a e t a l e ur me t r vd d o n S. 2 ( )2 ( . s ns r ul 8c- a tcai st tt c M r l m ha he omm on lga q tonspr e e un rt TCPA i l t e l uesi es nt d de he ncude he f l ng: olowi 1 W hehe Defnda s f c tt e anC dverie nf' ) t r e nt' ax onsiutd ç ts me ; a 2) W hehe Dee t'fxa rie tco anedapr ro - noi ; t r fndans a dve ts men nti ope ptout tce 3 W hehe Dee nt mee t dei tonofts r'ordr c TCPA la lt ) t r fnda s t he fnii tende'f ie t ibiiy, m e ni aS r o ore iy o whos be l af sm ieuns iie a ng ç s n ntt n pe e haf ac i l olct d a rieme i s n orwhos goodsors r i e a e a ve ts d orpr o e i dve ts nt s e t e e v c s r d rie om t d n teu o iie a v rie n , 4 C. R. 6 1 0 ( 8 ; h ns lctd d e tsme t' 7 F. j 4.2 0 9( ) ' 4 W heh rDee a t a ej itya ds v r l l bl t t ca s ) t e fnd n s r on l n e e al i e o he ls ; y a 1 2 me r oft pu a i c a s W hie i i no eno h t tcl sm e r s f r d a vi ai n of mbe s he t tve l s . l t s t ug ha as mbe s ufe e ol to t s m e pr sons oflw t s ts y t co mona iy r quie e t s e WalM ar,1 S. .a he n ovii a o a if he m lt e r m n , e - t 31 Ct t 2251 he e t l a q si t t t i t nt m at r pr e s wil be c mon t a l cas , r he eg l ue tons ha he nsa te es nt l om o 1 ls me be s The ef e,lfnd t tc mona iy i s tsi d. m r . r or i ha om lt s a ife D. Tv c iv nialt S- y iaiyme sle wh t e as fce tn x e it bewe nt ecamso ten me sf pc l ll t a t s eh r ufiin e us x ss t e h li f h n d r rp e e ttv sa dt s o t ca sa lr e' Coo rv S .Co,3 0F.d 6 5 71 ( 1h Ci. e r s naie n ho e f he ls t a g . pe . o . 9 3 9 , 3 1 t r ' 2 0 ) W i r g r t ti ape t fteRue23a ayss teS p e Co r h ste e tdyh l 0 4 . t e ad o h s s c o h l h n l i,h u rme u t a ç p ae l ed r t ta c a sr pr e ai mus bt pa toft cas a pos es t s me i e e ta s frt ha l s e es nt tve t r he l s nd s s he n ntr s nd ufe he smeij r a te ca sme es'Pr d - emane r l Pr d v Bu h, 21F.d 1 6 ,1 7 n nu y s h ls mb r . a osti x e. a o . s 2 3 2 6 2 9 ' ( lhCi. 0 0 ( u tn Fa c n 4 7U. a 1 6 . 1 t r 2 0 ) q o ig lo , 5 S. t 5 ) C- m r eve a f x a rieme t ti c am sDe e nt s nta oxi t l 35, 0 M ec i d a dve ts nt ha t l i f nda s e ppr ma ey 69 tm e .C- a ta s rst tt f wa uns i ie an di notha t pr ropto no i Ci s M r s e t ha he ax s olct d d d ve he ope - ut tce. M M hase t bls t tt c s ofc sa ihed ha he our e onduc t tpr duce isTCPA vi a i a s pr e t ha o dt olton lo oduc d t cli of t pr e cas The e e ss a s f en nexus t s tsy t t caiy he a ms he opos d l s. r xit ufki t o a if he ypi lt rq ie n . e Aut .WalDin y Wo l Co.6 2F.d 1 2 1 6( 1hCi. 01 ) e urme tS e l v t s e rd , 9 3 21 , 21 1 t r 2 2 . Def nda s c e t tC- ar' c am s a e nott ca oft cl s be us C- a ts e nt ont nd ha M ts l i r ypi l he as ca e M r' untrl y i ve ha sa ihi rpr s nttve whe he is num be wa pr ded vol a iy.The bele t t e t bls ng e e e ai t r t r s ovi c e woul ma C- a tscl m s aypi a ofcls me r who di no vol t rl s r ons nt d ke M r' ai t c l a s mbe s d t un a iy ha e t r numbe s t t r s td i f xe be ng s nt Howe r as d c i d ea le ,t i s of hei r ha e ule n a s i e . ve , es rbe ri r he s ue 5) W hehe Pli ifa ohe ca sme r a ee ildt sautr da s t r antf nd t r ls mbe s r ntte o tt o y mage ; a nd 6 W h t e Dee da t' csweeu lf l o i n ng' n e t eTCP a di ) eh r fn n s a t r d lu' r t owi 'u d r h wi ' k A n f s whehe t Cour s dte et sa ut y damag . o t r he t houl r bl he tt or es ( 1 7a 1 ) DE 2 t 2 . 13 co e i ir l va snc t optoutno i wa l c ng.The f i a s t twe e s ntt t ns nt s re e nt i e he tce s a ki ax m ge ha r e o he c a sme r we e i i l t r f e,Def nda s c l s mbe s r dentca ; he e or e nt ' onduc vi a e TCPA t ough t s m e t olt d hr he n pr es a t a 1c a sm e oc s s o 1 l s mber a t caiy i s tsi d. s nd ypi lt s aife E. Adequac v Ad q c o rp e e tto u d rRul 2 ()4 ( nc mp se t s p rt iq iis e ua y f e r s nain n e e 3 a( ) s o a s s wo e a ae n ure . e ()wheh ra y s bsa ta c n lcso itr s e itb t e t rp e e ttv sa d t eca s 1 te n u tn il o fit f nee t x s ewe n he e r s naie n h ls ; a d ()wh te t erp e e ttv swila e uaeyp o e uetea to ' V le Dr g Co, 0 n 2 eh r h e r sn aie l d q t l r s c t h cin. a ly u .35 ' F. a 118 Def nda s c e t t C- ar, t ough is co or t r e e ai W iln 3d t 9. e nt ont nd ha M t hr t p ae epr s nt tve lim Br ks r i una e t a quael pr e t t i tntmate a t tis co els pr vi us oo he , s bl o de t y os eu e he nsa tr nd ha t uns ' e o c s of c our e onduc m a i a i deq t c c t r pr s ntt s c a s i t r t .De e t ke t n na uae hoie o e e e hi l s ' n e ess f ndan s t' a gume s a e t r uasve.M r Br he i awa e of t TCPA vi a i und sa Cr nt r mpe s i . ooks r s r he olton, ert nds M a ts ha r ponsbiii as a nn d- antf i t s c e,a de r' s es i ltes me pl i if n hi as nd monsr t s a wilngne s t ta e li s o r pr s t c a s whih hassmia cli asC- M .I a ton,cas c e e ent he l s , c i l r a ms M n ddii l s ouns lhass fce e ufi int qua ii a i a expe i et ha et sc a sa ton ltga i a hasbe n f lfc tons nd renc o ndl hi l s ci ii ton nd e ound ade t i qua e n p e iu TCPA p o e dn s ( 1 7a 1 -4 . f n a tfist s w ta c n lc o itrs r vo s r c e ig .DE 2 t 3 1 ) De e d n al o ho h t o fit f n eet e ss bewe n C- ar, is c e c ns l a t c a s me r .The e or t a qua y xit t e M t t hos n ou e , nd he l s mbe s r f e, he de c r quieme i s ife e r nt s atsi d. V. Rul 23( ( Re r m e s e b)3) quie nt Pr domi e nance To s tsy t pr do i nc r uie e ,t na e pl i if m us e t bls t tt a if he e m na e eq r m nt he m d antf t sa ih ha he is e s b e t og n r lz dp o fi t ca sa to a dtusa pl a l t t eca sa awh l, su s u j c t e e aie r o n he ls cin, n h p i b e o h ls s oe c p e o n t o e to eis st a aes b e to l t i iiu l e p o f S eJ c wn v Mo e r d miae v r h s sue h t r u jc ny o ndvd ai d r o . e a k . tl z 6M ut r s,I c,1 0F.d9 9,1 5( 1h Ci.1 9 ) Th s p e mia erq ie n t us li po e n . 3 3 9 00 1 t r 9 7 . u , rdo n nc e ur s o j t pu 1 4 t p es e of co mon is ,but a s t t t e common is acualy out egh a he r enc m s ues lo ha hos s ues t l w i ny i vi i d is si t ltgai n.I t swa p edomi e i ffr mor de ndi 't n ndi dualze s ue n he ii to n hi y, r nanc s ça e ma ng' ha Ru e 2 ()s c mmo aiy r q rme t S e J c s n 1 0 F.d a 1 5 ( i to o te ) l 3 a ' o n l e uie n . e a k o , 3 3 t 00 ct in mitd . t a t s i rng whe he G tonsof1w orf c c consde i t r quesi a a t omm on t cls membe spr dom i t be ns o as r e na e' gi , ofc s ,wih t el nt oft u ryi ca e ofa ton.'Erc P.John Fun4 I .v oure t he eme s he ndel ng us ci ' ia nc . Ha l u tn Co. 1 S. .21 9 21 4 ( 01 ) Dee d n sag e t tC- Y ha no me is li ro b , 31 Ct 7 , 8 2 1 . fn a t r u ha M s t tt bur n i esa ihi t cas - de quesi de n t bls ng hat l s wi tons pr dom i t ove i vi e nae r ndi dual quesi . tons Ho v r te Co r ds g e s t i c n e t a d a piain of t (sa ls e bu i s we e, h u t ia r e . s t o s n n p lc to W h he e tb ih d snes rlt ns i S f Hab rb i gei n td a c i rata s r et d fnetn d fa)teca s eai hpj ae r o en l ae s rt i h t e v o ei a d ee t h l s, o mi e t sng a is oft a e e oft c r c optoutl ua doesnotpore i vi lti l he i ul r s ue he bs nc he or e t - ang ge tnd ndi dua ra s o i dvd l e iq ii s'Av n u a, 01 W L 3 6 48 * ( D. l . u . , 0 3 ( ic s ig r n iiuai d n ure . e t r 2 3 z ' 4 3 9, 4 S. F a J l 3 2 1 ) ds u sn Na k 71 F3 6 0 ( t Ci.2 3 .Th is e o c n e tdo s n tp e miae o e t e c , 5 .d 8 8 h r 01 ) e su f o s n e o rdo n t v r h q tonsc uesi ommon t t cas The e or ,pr dom i nc i s ts o he l s. r f e e na e s a ifed. B. Su rorp pe i i Thef usofs rort a l i i on t her l tvea oc upe i iy na yss s s e ai dvan a sofa c a saci s tove t t ge l s ton ui r whae ro he f m sofltgai m i ber a itcal aval bl t t pl ntfs'Se Sac e tve t r or ii ton ght e lsi ly ia e o ht ai if . e r d ' He tHe t S . I .v H u ar alh ys, nc . mana M iiar He t ar Se v .I . 601F. 11 11 84 lt y alhc e r s, nc, 3d 59, 83- ( 1hCi. ol lctt n o te ) Wil msv M o a I d s, n .5 F.d 1 5 1 5 ( 1h 1 t r z o t i i mi d ; li . h wk n u .l c, 68 3 3 0, 3 8 1 t ao t a Ci. 0 9 .$T) ep e o nmwea ay i h sate n o i c o t es p ro iya ay i r 2 0 )t h r d mi ( n lss a r me d us mpa t n h u e irt n l ss f t smpl r s t t t m or c or he i e ea on ha , he e omm on is spr sue edomi t overi vi is , hemor na e ndi dual s ues t e d srbeaca sa to lws iwil ea av hcef ra j diai t epan if' li , oh e ia l ls cin a ut l b s e il o d u c tng h litfs cams b t rlt t ohe f r o l iains c a j i d ro c ns ld to a di a ouetr o eai o t r o ms f i g to u h s o n e r o oi ai n, n n bs lt ems f ve t ma a e b lyl 'Sa r dHe r He lhS .601F.da 1 8 (ne zl iai n a datrto s n g a ii . ' c e a t a t ys, t l 3 t 1 4 itn a ctto s n leai n 15 o te )l d cd n s p ro i t ed src c u t t o sd ra lats meo tefco sst mitd .n e ii g u e irt h itit o r mus c n i e t e s o f h a t r e y, frh i Ru e23b () icudn :d eca sme e sitr ssi idv d al c nr li t o t n l ()3 ,n l ig çh ls mb r'nee t n n ii u ly o to l he t ng pr e uton orde e eofs pa a ea tons' çhee e a na u e ofa ltgai c e i os c i f ns e r t c i ' s xtnt nd t r ;t ny ii ton onc m ng t c ntove s ar dy beg by oragans cls m e r ' ûhe de ia lt orunde iabiiy of he o r r y lea un i t a s mbe s' s ;t sr biiy sr lt c e r tngt ltga i oft cai i t pa tc a f m';a Shelke y difc te i onc ntai he ii ton he l ms n he riul r onz ' nd t i l fi uli s n t ma a i gaca sa to . S eV g ,5 4F.da 1 8n.9(t c mp eefiu et a d e st e e n gn ls ci n' e e a 6 3 t 27 1 $ o lt alr o d r s h s ' a fco so a yoh r ri e t o sd rto wh nc n u tn aRu e2 ( )3 i ur i a a us a tr r n te petn n c n i eain e o d cig l 3 b ( ) nq iy s n b e o ds rto ' . f icein' ) De e nt a s tt acl sa ton i nots rort i v dua ti sr ga di t f nda s s er hat as c i s upe i o ndi i l ral e r ng he a lged TCPA vi a i .Asde al a ,t Cour hasf le oltons t ied bove he t ound t tquesi o lw a f c ha tons f a nd a t pr domi t overa i vi i d is . hieTCPA al i vi pl i if t s a e nae ny ndi dualze s ues W l lows ndi dual antfs o ue s nde ofuns i t f xes t r a e r olcied a , he e ppea st beno i c ton t tCongr ss r o ndia i ha es ough t elm i t t o i na e c a sa tonsunde t TCPA. eLands ls ci r he Se man t FunkPC v Sknde - r s As oci es 640 ; . i r stau s s at , F.d7 , 4 9 ( dCi. 01 ) Fu tes h Co r fn t theça g n mbe o cams ao g 3 2 9 - 5 3 r 2 1 . rh r t e u t ids ha t s r e u r f li s l n l wiht rltv l s l sauo yd ma e ,h d sr blt o a j dc tn te ecams t he eaiey mal tt tr a g s te e ia i y f d u iai g h s li i c it nty,a d t pr biiy t i i dua me r woul notha agr ti e es i onsse l n he oba lt hat nd vi l mbe s d ve ea nt r t n c nr lngt p o e u ino t s cams a1id c t t a (Jca sa to wo db t es p ro o tol he r s c to f hee li , 1 n iae h t a ls ci n ul e h u e ir i meh dof du iai 'tepanif'camsu d rTCP Hik v Cle t e v .I c, t o a j dc t 'h litfs li n e ng A. c s . in S r s, n .07 61 2 - V, 0 W L 5 7 1 , 1 ( D. a De .1 , 0 8 . 8 2 C1 2 08 4 91 1 * 0 S. Fl. c 1 2 0 ) Alhough t put tvecls m e t he ai a s mber a eM i s ir i nt t sm at rwmsta f r e s r s our esde s,hi te r nse r d fom M is if t c r s our or he onve e e o t pa te TheTCPA pr bisaperon fom usngta ni nc f he ris. ohi t s r i tny te elphonef csm iem a hi ,c pu e ,orot de c t s a i l c ne om t r her vi e o end, o at l p t e e honef smie ac i l ma hne a u s l i da v rie n . 47U. C. 2 7b ()C)( mp a i a de ) Th ,h c i , n n oi t d e t me t' S. j 2 () 1( e h ss d d . us te ce s ' 16 a lge vi ai oft TCPA occ r d i Fl i , he sae fom whi h St i k s ntt le d ol ton he ure n orda t tt r c orc e he uns iie f x. or ove , heCour doesnotbele ltg tngi i t sCour woul be d fkul olct d a M e r t t ive ii a i t n hi t d if t t m anage. o Furhe ,Defnda shavenotpr ded a qua er s n why da a c l ul i nswilbe t r e nt ovi de t ea o m ge a c ato l pa tc a l bur ns riul ry de ome i t sca e. nc t TCPA i r l tvey sr i htom a d,t Cour n hi s Si e he s e ai l ta g f r he t c nnots e how i woul be om ec plc td. eM anno, F. D.a 691a e t d c om i ae Se 289 R. t 93. Re e ng a loft s i iy f t s Ifnd t tt cas aci ve cl i s ro i vi wi l he uperort acor , i ha he l s ton hi e s upe i r n t i t ntma tr. he nsa te VI . Concuson l i Afe ca e ulco i r ton o t Pa tesbre s a t r cor t Cour fnds t tCtr r f nsde ai f he ri if nd he e d, he t i ha Ma t a me isb r e t s tsyt Rue2 ()a d Rul 23b rq ie ns Ac o dngy i i r h s t t u d n o aif he l 3 a n e () e urme t. c r i l ,t s he e r by ORDERED AND ADJUDGED t t ha C- a t Mo inf rCls Ce t iain( 1 7 i GRANTED; M r' to o a s ri c to DE 2 ) s s f MeLie sM oi nt De yCls Cetfc to ( 1 4 i DENI AS M OOT; t f' to o n a s ri ain DE 1 ) s ED M eLies M oin f rOrlAr u n o Cls Ce t kain M oins( l )i t f ' to o a g me t n a s ri to f to DE 7l s DENI . ED l i f t rO RDERED AND ADJUDGED t t t s urhe ha 4. TheCour CERTI ES t f l wi cl sunde t TCPA : t FI he olo ng as r he A1 pe s i M i s i who we e s nt a f c i ie dmi t l r ons n s our r e a sm l ng he pe i of Aug t 7,201 t oug Se e r 6,201 sa i rod us 2, hr h pt mbe 2, ttng, <LOW COST LI W SURANCE RATESI' f OR A FREE E FE , T ' QUOTE PLEAS FAX THI FORM TO:( 3 5 4- 6 3' a d E S 71 ) 5 9 8 , n ' t'o t ubs i pl as FAX your r que tt Our PAPERLESS ç ms crbes e e r e s o Fa Co putr 206- 34035 x m e: 350' 17 5. The Cour he eb APPOI t r y NTS Rya M .Ke l ofAnde s n & W a and The e n ly ro nda odor J Le d ofLeo l La a cas c . opol pod w s l s ouns l e. 6. Cl scouns s l s m i t t Cour on orbe or Fe uar 24,201 a pr e as el ha l ub t o he t f e br y 4 opos d s he e f pr di t cas me r t r uiie no i ,a o lne i Fe r l c dul or ovi ng he l s mbe s he eq st tce s uti d n de a Cii P o e u eRu e2 ()2 . v l r c d r l 3 c( ) I i f rhe ORDERED AND ADJUDGED t t ts ut r ha 7. The Trals tt comme edurngt t wee begi ng Fe u y 1 201 a t e i e o nc i he wo- k nni br ar 0, 4 nd h Calnda Cals tf Fe u r 5, 4 i VACATED; e r l e or br a y 201 s 8. The Tra i t s m a tr i s tf t t we k ti pe i t comm e e A prl2, il n hi te s e or he wo- e ral rod o nc i 201 a Ca e rCa li s tf rAprl7,2014. 4 nd l nda l s e o i DONEA ORD RE iC a esaWet am Bah FoiatiX dyo ND E D n hmbr t sPl ec, lr ,hs a f d Fe ua y, 4. br r 201 D LD M . I M DDLEBROOKS UNI TED STATES DI STRI J CT UDGE Copist e o; Couns lofRe or e c d 18
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