Rowan v. City of Avon Park, No. 2:2012cv14077 - Document 62 (S.D. Fla. 2012)

Court Description: ORDER GRANTING 39 Defendant's Motion to Dismiss and Remanding Case. Signed by Judge K. Michael Moore on 7/12/2012. (rg1)

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Rowan v. City of Avon Park Doc. 62 I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA Cm eNo. 1 c 1 s 2: 2- v- 4077- M KM MI CHAEL J ROW AN, . Pli if a ntf, VS. CI OF AVON PARK, TY De e nt f nda . ORDER GRANTI DEFENDANT' M OTI TO DI I NG S ON SM SS AND REM ANDI CASE NG THI CAUSE ca bef e t Cour upon De e nts M oton t Dim isCountl1of S me or he t f nda ' i o s s I Pli tf' Ame d d Co li t( No 3 ) Plitf fld a Re p n e ( No 4 )a d anifs n e mpan ECF . 9 . an if ie s o s ECF . 8 n i s i or ew. i ai Dee d n fldaRe l ( No. 9 .The M oton i now rpe f revi Upon consder ton fn a t ie py ECF 4 ) o t e M oin,t e Re p n e Re l t e Ame e Co lit ( fh to h s o s , py, h nd d mp an ECF No 21,t e pet n . ) h ri t ne pori oft r c d,a be ng ot r s f l a s i t pr m ies t s Cour e e st tons he e or nd i he wie uly dvied n he e s , hi t ntr he f lwi Or r olo ng de . L BA C K G R O UN D 1 Pl i if M ihae J Rowa i t f m e Chif of Polc of t Ciy of Avon Pa k. antf c l . n s he or r e ie he t r Defnda Ciy ofAvon Pa k i a Fl i M uni pa Cor r to l a e i Hi a Count , e nt t r s orda ci l po a i n, oc t d n ghl nds y Fl dda. n i a ton se sfom De e ntst r nai ofPl i iffom hi poston a Chi f o s ci tm r f nda ' e mi ton antf r s ii s e ofPolc oft Ciy ofA von Pa k. i e he t r 1The fcshe en ar tke fom Pli ifsAmende Compl nt( No 21 . Al fcsae at ri e a n r antf d ai ECF ) 1 at r . co t ed i a lg m os f vo a e t Pl i if nsnz n i ht t a r bl o a ntf . 1 Dockets.Justia.com é.n eEmpl ntContac oyme r t On M a c 3,2011 Pli ifa Ciy M a rh , antf nd t nage Br c C. Be ens on be fofDe e r ue hr , hal f ndan , t e er d i o a con r c of e oyme . The contac c e r d on Pl ntf t l t po r , nt e nt ta t mpl ntz r t onf re ai if t l he we s a d i ,a r s i ltesoft ChifofPolce.' Am .Compl,Ex.1. The c r c pr ded utes nd e ponsbiii he e i ' . onta t ovi t a Plitf s e ly n wo l c n iu u tltr n td by et r ( )t e rsg ain o h t anif mpo me t ud o tn e n i emiae i : 1 h e in to f he Plit f ()te d aho p r n n ds b ly o Plitf;( )ter sg ain o Plitf a t e ani ; 2 h e t r e ma e t ia ii f an if 3 h e in to f anif t h f t Ciy M ana rs r ue t whi was condii d upon m u u l a r m e be wee t Ciy t ge ' eq s , ch tone t a g ee nt t n he t M a a e a d P an if ( )t tr n to ofPlitf b a to oft e Ci M a a e ;o ( ) n g r n litf; 4 he e miain an if y cin h t n g r r 5 y tr na i oft e oy e c r c by is e r to . 'he e pl e c r c w a f r a e mi ton he mpl m nt onta t t xpiai n r m oym nt onta t s o tr of sxt ( mont and rquie Dee ntt pay Pli if a oxi t y $68, em i y 60) hs e rd fnda o antf ppr mael 000 n nnual f s r i e r nde e by Pli tf unde t t r soft e oym e co r c . ly or e v c s e r d a n if r he e m he mpl nt nta t Thee pl e c r talo c aned a s c i e il tl t a y Te m i ton a m oym nt ontac s ont i e ton ntted tnvolmtr r na i nd Se r nce Pay, whih pr ded Def nda t rg t t r nae Pli if i t wil by ve a ' ' c ovi e nt he i ht o e mi t antf t a l ( fn a t f rc u e' p n n tc p o i e a la tt ny o d yspro t t tr n to Dee d n l o a s 'u o oie r v d d t e s we t- ne a ir o he emiain. t us ' wa de t e' s ûned i t e o e co r c as f c ala,i ubor na i ast t whol ca n he mpl ym nt nta t , nfr i ns di ton o he e CiyComm ison,a ndonm e o e pl e by = e s bl a une us d f l et a a t s i ba nt f m oym nt a ona e nd xc e aim o ppe r f r wo k,r us t f ly coope a e i a i tga i , vi ai n of t St t Code o Et c , o r ef al o u l r t n n nvesi ton olto he ae f his c ommi son of a f ony or comm ison of a m ide nor i vi dihone t or mor l si el si s mea nvol ng s sy a tr iu e a d a yvilto o t Fo i aDe rme to La En o c me t( u pt d , n n oain f he lrd pat n f w f re n C TDLE' r lsa d ' ue n ) r ul to orl sors pe i ofFDLE sanda ds eg ai ns os us nson t r . The empl e c r c e iil pr de t tPl ntf wasan tt a sfed, exem pt oym nt onta t xplcty ovi d ha ai if tmcls ii e oye ' a t t Pl i ifs s r c was éa t pl s e of t Ciy m a er' l mpl e' nd ha antf e vie çt he ea ur he t nag . ' d. 2Thevaldiy oft c r t h we e ,sdip tdb t Pa t sa di t es b e to t ePa t s it he ontac, o v r i s u e y he ri n s h u j c f h ri ' e e Cr s- to sfrSz r J d me t( Nos 4 - ) o sMo in o l mmay u g n ECF . 0 41 . Ac o dn l , sad pat n h a Plitf e j y dc ranp oe to c n an di teCiyo c r ig y a e rme t e d, an if no e e ti r tcins o tie n h t f Av n CiyCha tr(h l a tr'. s e i c l Aril 11 secton 10 oft Chartrpr vi s, o t re te ç re ' 3 p ct al ch l i y, t e 1, i c he e o de i r lva par,t tt Ciy M a er s l, t n ee nt t ha he t nag ha l G Appoi and,whe t Ciy M a ge de m s i nt n he t na r e t nec s ar f r t good of t ct s pe , de e or r m ove al ct e pl s' butt t e s y o he he iy, us nd mot e l iy m oyee , ' ha ç pa t nthea ,as it de rm e he a ot e pl esnotco r d by ci ls r i e ç rme de ds s snnt pa t nt ads nd her m oye ve e vi e v c orc lc i ba gani ag e m e ss l ha t rg ofa fna a ole tve r i ng r e nt ha l ve he i ht i l ppea be or t Ciy Councl l f e he t i f rpu pos ofc e tng a r m ova .' P1' S ae n o M ae ilFa t, 1 a 9 0( o r es ont si ny e l ' .s ttme t f tra cs Ex. , t -1 ECF No 4 - ) Th Ch re e p e sy sae t tn a ya pe lt l er lso gf p o e u e. s l . 2 1. e a tr x r sl tt s ha i n p a tth ue r o j r c d r g hal . . bestbyt CiyCounclbuts l a cor t pero ma ngt a alduepr e soflm ' Lus e he t i hal c d he s n ki he ppe oc s a ' d . a 1 t 0. p,'heTemi ton -l ' r nai On Aprl 1 2011 l e i Ciy M ana r J in Delon notfe Pli ift te f c i i 9, , ntrm t ge ula e ii d antf ha fe tve i di t y,Pl ntf wm be ng pl c d on a nita i la . Thoug Deeon' lte t mme ael ai if s i ae dmi sr tve e ve h l s e tr o Pli ifr f r nc d a i si ton t twast ng pl e no f t r a ons we e pr de f a ntf e e e e n nve tga i ha aki ac , urher e s r ovi d or Dee sde son t plce Pl i ifon admi sr tve l a . A ppr m at l t o m ont l t r lon' cii o a antf nita i e ve oxi e y w hs a e , Delon s ntPl ntf as c l te , i whc Dee nnoiidPli tf t a çina c r a c wih e e ai if e ond e tr n ih lo tfe anif h t E l c o d n e t l t Ciy Cha tra ispe s he t re nd t r onne polci ' Pl i ifwasbeng pl e o ad i sr tve l a l i es' antf i ac d n m nitai e ve 3 Ge r l a dititc tcn ne aly src our nnotc i e rnsc e de e a t m o i t dimi ssa of onsder xti i vi nc t he ton o s s t ge t pr e ngs Se Spe kerv.U. . De t ofHe t a Hum a Se v.f Die e Contol& he oce di . e a S p. alh nd n r or s as r Prv n in 6 3F.d 1 71 1 7 ( 1hCi. 01 )( u tn S . o a v PielsCnv.28 F.d e e to , 2 3 3 , 3 9 1 t r 2 0 q o ig tGe r e . n l a t, 5 3 1 3 ,1 3 ( 1h Ci. 0 :. Th r i, o v r a e c pi n tl r ln u o amoin t 3 4 3 7 1 t r 20 2 e e s h we e , n x e to . tn uig p n û t o o dimis t dititco tma c i ra e rnscdoc s s, he src ur y onsde n xti i umenti i i ( )ce r t t pli ifs f t s 1 ntal o he antf cam, n ( )isa t e tct i n tc aln e ' l . q o ig S Hodiz mLt v. n o li a d 2 t u h n iiy s o h l g d.' d ( u tn FM l n s d. Ba c f e ' Am.Se .LLC,600 F. 1 4,1 ( 1h Ci.201 He e Plitf Ame cs. 3d 33 337 1 t r 0:. r , anifs nded Complit an e piil rfrn e teChatrAm. mp.!9 a dDee d n d e n tds t teCh re i x lcty eee c s h re, Co l, , n fn a t o s o ipue h atrn ispla ng Se Def' Re y,a 1 ( No.49) Ale tvey,t Cha tri amatrof t e dl s. e .s pl t ECF . tmai l he re s te p b i rc r whc ti Co r c ntk j iil o ieo wih u c n e t gDee d n ' Mo in u lc e o d ih h s u t a a e udca n tc f t o t o v ri f n a ts to n t Dim isi o aM o i f Summ a y J m e . o s s nt ton or r udg nt wihoutpa ç ndi t c t yé pe ng he omplton oft ongoi i si ton beng conduced by t Pol ei he ng nve tgai i t he k Co y She ifsOfk e a afna de ii ast wha a ton, i a t be tke ba ed upon t unt rf t nd i l c son o t c i f ny, o a n s he r s t of t s i si ton. Am . Compl, Ex. 3, a 1 Pl ntf cai s t t whie a e uls hi nve tga i ' ' . t . ai if l m ha l n ive tga i wa r e e e i De e s c n si ton s ef r nc d n l on' ommt c ton, no cl r sa e t wa pr vi d t mia i ea t t men s o de o Pli ifr r ng t ba i f rDelon' de son t plcePli ifon a nita i la . a ntf ega di he ss o e s cii o a antf dmi sr tve e ve 0n Se e pt mber 6,2011,Delon no ii Pl n ift t he wa c i rng d s i i r e tted aitf ha s onsde i i cplna y a ton agans Pl ntf,whi h i l d t pot nta tnni ton of Pli ifs e oyme ci i t ai if c ncude he e il e na i a ntf mpl nt c r d wih De e nt I hi lte ,Delon ls e f r a ons t t po e i l s onta t f nda . n s e tr e it d our e s ha t ntaly uppore td dici i r a ton a ns Pli tf: s plna y c i gai t a n if On ora boutea l Aprlof2011 lr ceve c ry i , e i d ompl i sofi ppr it r cor ngs ant na opra e e di by you. Att s tme,whe Is cii ly a ke you a hi i n pe fcal s d boutt s you de e t t hi , ni d ha t r we e a r or ng ofa tve i tgai . Ia ke i you ha a a tve he e r ny ec di s c i nvesi tons s d f d ny c i c s siv l ig Ciy Ofiil o e l y e whih wo l j siy r c r i s a d a e n o vn t fcas r mp o e s c u d u tf e o dng , n yo alo denid t s Yo r pons t m y que tons we e untthf a u s e hi. ur es es o si r rz ul nd t i ubor na e ns di t . 2. On ora boutAprlof2011 d i my c i , urng onve s ton wih you i whih you wer r ai t n c e ups tove t Ciy Counci' a tonst r styoure oymen c r c a wel e r he t l ci s o evii mpl t onta t s l ast pr s nc oft She ifsde isa t Ciy Counc lm e tng, you angrl he e e e wo rf pute t he t i ei iy t e t d t you ha S ne i hesofpa wo k' a r or ngst td hr aene hat dt ni nc per r ' nd ec di ha t d woul l e r oneup. Yo f t rsaed t you wa ed t be lf a one;ot r s , ock ve y ' u urhe t t hat ' nt o et l he wie you woul ge t l s f c ng.W he I i r whehe you we e oblga e t d t he a t u ki n nquied t r r i td o a ton i rmi tng ma e i ;whe he you coul hol t sm aeralf eve ove c nc i nai t ral t r d d hi t i or r r sme o one?You s i t s'm e ni t tyouha no oblga i t ac on t s a d ç ' a ng ha ye , d i ton o t hi . 3. On o a r bout Aprlof 2011 a tr I pr de a me or ndum t you r r ng i , fe ovi d m a o ega di e o nt e c a i , you or r d Polc Com ma r Ja o Lit t mplyme xpe t tons de e ie nde s n ser o c omplt l wi yourc e ey pe omput rshar drve Thi r s t i t ope a i oft e' d i . s e uled n he r ton he ERASER s t r on aCiy owned Comput .Yourdie tvet Litrr s t d i ofwa e t er r c i o se e ule n t desr c i ofa 1da a o a Ciy owne c he tu ton 1 t n t d omput ras dic e by t Pol e s over d he k Count She irsco putrf e i sa f y rf m e or nscs t f . 4. On or a ut Aprl of 2011 afe 1 pr vi a m e o andum t you r ga di bo i , tr o ded m r o e r ng e pl m oyme e ca i ,yo opt t obt n a Polc c e number a ad i nt xpe ttons u ed o ai i e as m t , nd evi nc f a i si ton whih was ove 1 mont ol . Dlri your de e or n nve tga i c r 4 hs d z ng i tgai i o t c nvesi ton nt he onduc of Ciy ofi a s you f ie t f l pr r t t fcil , al d o olow ope pr dur i t tyou f ie t o an apolc c s num be a a i evi ncef oce e n ha a ld o bt i ie a e r nd dm t de or a oxi ael 1 mont . ppr m t y 4 hs Am .Co pl,Ex.5,a 1. The ea tr Pl i ifwa a f r ed a opport t t a a a a pr m t r fe , antf s f o d n tmiy o ppe r t e dici i r co e e e w ih Delon. The c e enc wa hel on Se e be 27, 2011a wa s plna y nf r nc t e onf r e s d pt m r nd s a tnde by Pl ntf,De e a a t neys f Pl ntf a Def nda . Pl i if pr de a te d ai if l on, nd tor or ai if nd e nt antf ovi d ve bal sa e e a we las wrte doc r tt m nt s l itn umen a i f Delon t consde a he dee mi d t ton or e o i r s tr ne whe he t t r nae Pli ifse oy e . t r o e mi t antf mpl m nt On Ocober 1 2011, Delon no i d Pli if t t he ha decde t t r na e t 9, e tfe a ntf ha d i d o e mi t Pli ifsempl e wih De e ntf t r s ct d i hi Se e r6, 2011 lte t antf oym nt t f nda or he ea ons ie n s pt mbe e tr o Pl i if Appr ma ey t we ks lt r cot e f Pli ifr quese i a l t , ptrs ntt antf. oxi t l wo e a e , ms l or antf e t d n eter t ua o Pl ntf e oyme c r c and t Ciy Cha tr ai ifs mpl nt onta t he t re , d ep o e si tema tro g anifs tr n to ,n ldn ,b tn tllie t , u r c s n h te f plitf ) emi ain icu ig u o i td o n a f l pos-e m i ton he rng be or a ne r l d tc e ma itae ( ai u l tt r na i ai f e uta, ea h d gsrt he rng o fc r;te rg tt c n r n a c o se mi wi e s sa an thm ; h rg t fie ) h ih o o fo t nd r s xn ne t se g is i t e ih n t c u s l terg t oc l tn h v s b oe a d wi e s so h sb haf a wel o o n e;h i h t al a d a e u p n e ) t se n i e l; s l n a ad tie e p sto o te c a g sa ans hm (n o d rt a we ma k o s eald x o iin f h h r e g i t i i r e h t y nw wh tf csa ei d s u e;a d a e piaino h w whae rt o ec ag sma a a t r n ip t) n n x l to f o c tve h s h r e y begi t ct c us t e t c r c wih hi . ve he iy a e o nd he onta t t m Am .Compl,Ex.6, a 1 Co el f Pli if a s r quese t t De e i or Pli if . t . uns or a ntf lo e t d ha l on nf m antf whe ht Pli ifs t r na i wa f ca e a i s , whih pr vii of t c tac wa t r antf e mi ton s or us , nd f o c o son he on r t s viltdwh c c udj siyPlitf str n t n. oae ih o l u tf anif e miai o Subs ue t Pli ifst r naton,Def nda a ihe t poston ofChifofPolc eq nt o antf e mi i e nt bols d he ii e ie a ve t d t powe s of t Chi f of Polce i a t nd se he r he e i n ç i Saf t Die or' who i now publc ey r ct ' s rs e ponsbl f rbo h t fr a polc de rment. To dae,no pos-e m i ton hea i has i e o t he ie nd ie pa t s t tt r na i rng be n hel e d. 5 On J 20,2011 Pli iffld a Compl i a Peii n f M a une , antf ie ant nd tto or ndnmus i Fl i sa e n orda t t c ti whih Pl i if s ug a W rtof M a m us r i t tng hi as Chi of Polce.4 on our n c antf o ht i nda e nsa i m ef i Fe u r 20,201 Pl ntf fl a Ame br a y 2, ai if ied n nded Compl i . The Compl nt al ge b e ch of ant ai le s r a c n rc t u tI,rt l to i vilto o Flrd ' W hsl Blwe S ue t t 1) a d o ta t co n ) eai in n oain f o ias ite o r utt comt 1, n a de i to of d pr es i vi ai oft U . . Consiu i n a t Fl i Consiuto prvai n ue oc s n olton he S tt to nd he orda tt i n ( u t11. On M rc 2 2 2, f n a trmo dt eiss ta t n t ti Co r.Dte a t Co n 1) h , 01 Dee d n e ve h n tn ci o h s u t fnd n o now s e t dim is Cot II of Pl i ifs Am e d Compli f f ii t sae a cli e ks o s s mt I antf nde ant or alng o t t am upon whih r le c n begr nt d. c e if a a e I .STANDARD OF REVI I EW A m oton t dimis f r f l e t sae a c am m e el t t t s fcinc of t i o s s o aim o t t li r y ess he ufi e y he co pli ;i doe notde i t m e isoft c e. ibum v. Unie St t ,734 F. 762,765 m ant t s c de he rt he as M l t d aes 2d ( 1h Ci.1 4 . On amo in t d s s ,heCo r mus a c p te fcu lalg to a tu 1 t r 98 ) to o imis t u t t c e t h a t a le ains s r t a co tu t c nd nsr e he ompl i i t lg mos fvor bl t t pl ntf. SEC v.ESM Gp . I , ant n he i ht t a a e o he ai if . nc. 835F. 27 272(11h Ci.1 ) iro s vveamoto t dimis ac ai mus c ai 2d 0, t r 988 . û ur i ' in o s s , ompl nt t ont n s t i tf c ua m a tr a e e a tu t ft t acli f r left ti plusbl on isf c .''' ufk en a t l te , cc pt d s r e, o sa e a m or e i ha s a i e t a e As co tv.Ib l 1 9 S Ct 1 3 ,1 4 ( 0 9 ( u tn BelAt.v Two y 5 0 U. 5 4 h r f g a, 2 . . 9 7 9 9 2 0 ) q o ig l l . mbl, 5 S. 4 , 5 0 ( 0 7 çr eplu iiiy sa d r i n ta i t a tr b b l y r q rme t'b ta k f r 7 2 0 :. f h a sb l fn ad s o k n o p o a ii e uie n , u s s o ' t t m o e t n a s erpos i lt t ta def nda has a t unl wf l .' JL û whee t wel r ha he sbiiy ha e nt ced a uly ' .. t 1 But r he l pl a d f t do notper tt co tt i e m or t n t me epos i lt ofmic e de acs mi he ur o nf r e ha he r sbiiy s onduc , t t he c pli ha aleg - buti ha not thown' tha t pla i e il d t r i .'' I a om ant s l ed t s s - t t he e der s ntte o elef ' d. t 4 Pli ifs orgi l m a mus pe ii wa fl d pro t hi t r i ton a s ht antf i na nda tton s ie i r o s e m na i nd oug r i tt men t hi posto as Chif ofPolc . The pr ee ng ,ho ensae t o s ii n e ie oc di s weve ,di no c l e r d t oncud prort Pl ntf tr i ton andt r or t petton wa de e asm ootby t sae c t I i o ai ifs e m na i he ef e he ii s ni d he t t our. t i i ra t no e t tPl i ifne fl a m a s mpo tnt o t ha antf ver ied ndamus pe ii r quesi t sa e cour t tton e tng he tt to c ompe ahe i t tc l arng ha ompo td wih due pr e soflw . re t oc s a 6 1 950. A co pl ntm us alo c ai e m ai t s ont n nough f c s t i c t t pr e e of t r uie a t o ndi a e he es nc he eq r d ee e s.W a t v.Fl I ' Uni , 495 F. 1 , 1 0 ( 1h Ci.2 07 . Ho v r t a lm nt ts a. ntl v. 3d 289 3 2 1 t r 0 ) we e , t ) g pla ng t tofe sç f mul i r ciai ofe e e di ha f r a or ac e tton l ment ofa ca e ofac i wilnotdo.''I , s us ton l ' nbal 1 9 S. . t1 4 ( u tn Two l , 5 U.. t5 5 .çcl ncu o yalg to s u wa rne 2 Ct a 9 9 q oi g mb v 5 0 S a 5 ) t o ls r l ai n , n ra td l e ded tonsoff c orl lc usonsm a que adi a f t wilnotpr ve dimi s l'Oxf r uc i a t ega oncl i s r ng s acs l e nt s s a . ' o d Ase M g .Lt . J hai, 9 F.d 1 8 ,1 8 ( 1hCi. 0 2 . st mt. d v. a rs 2 7 3 1 2 1 8 1 t r 2 0 ) 1 1 ANALYSI 1. S The Due Pr es Clus oft Foure nt Amendmen t t Unie St t Consiu i oc s a e he te h t o he t d aes tt ton pr vi st tno St t s lt prve a peron oflf lbe t , orpr ry,wihoutdue pr es o de ha a e hal û i ny s de ie, i ry ope t t oc s oflw. U. Coxsr a nd.XI j a ' S. ' '. me V, Ast Unie SttsSuprme Cour hasobs r d, he td ae e t eve l oce za duepr es r l sm. m e ntt pr e tpe s no fom t de i to , butfom t f pr dlr l oc s u e e a o ot c r ons t r he prvai n r he mitk no u j tûe d p iaino lf,l e t, rp o e t. ry v Pih , 3 U. 2 7 sa e r nusi d e rv to f ie i ry o r p ry' e . p us 4 5 S. 4 , b 'Ca 2 9( 9 ) To saeacam algngt d n a o p o e u a d ep o e srq ie pr o o t re 5 1 78 . tt li l i he e il f r c d r l u r c s e ur s o f f h e e ee ns t( )ad p iain o ac n tt to al prtce l e t o p o e t itr s; 2 sae lme t: t 1 e rv to f o siui n l oe td i ry r r p ry n ee t ( ) tt t yb ato a ( )c n ttto l i a e uaep o e s' Ani go v Hems 4 F.d 1 3 ,1 4 cin; nd 3 o siuinal n d q t r c s .' n tn . l , 38 3 3 6 3 7 y' ( 1 Ci.2 0 )(uoig Grv e v Rh d s 3 5 F.d 1 2 ,1 3 ( 1h Ci.2 0 :. Hee 1 1 r 0 6 q tn a d n . o e , 4 3 2 5 2 2 1 t r 0 3 r, Pli tf cai s t t he was de i a n if l m ha prved of hi pr ry i e e t i hi e oymen wihout s ope t ntr s n s mpl t t c tm to ly a ua e pr es . ons i i na l deq t oc s Asa i ta ma tr t sCour doe noti er r tPl i ifsDuePr es cl m asr a i n niil te , hi t s nt p e antf oc s ai eltng t or a ii out of Def nts a ii of t poston f m e l hed by Pl ntf. n i i o rsng enda ' bolton he ii or ry l ai if ss be a e tG lgiltve po rofa Stt e pts f rasr sr ne by isown Consi i , i c us çhe e sa i t we ae, xce o a e tai d t tt on s m a a ltm e a ol e wih r pe tt a lofk es wihi is r ac I may atpl sle c eae or t l i s bs ut t es c o l t t n t e h. t ea tr r t a ih t bols hem,or modiy t r dutes I m a a s s t or lngt n t t r of s r c .''' f hei i . t y lo horen e he he e m e vie Hi nbo hn v.Ciy ofBa on Ro ,306 U .S. 3 ,5 ( 9 9 ( u tn Ne o v. ho n cRi t m t t uce 5 5 38 1 3 ) q o ig wtn Ma ni: Cnv Co r 1 0U. 5 , 5 ( 8 9 6 C Am. t . dP l Of r a dEmpo e sj4 t. mm', 0 S. 48 5 9 1 7 :; 3 Jz 2 ubi t s n r c ke ly e 7 ( 01 )(W lgsa ema a o ih a y o fc i c e tswi u ifig n u o terg t o t 2 2 ç e ilmr y b ls n fie t rae t t n rn i g p n h ih s f he ho of e afe t Abs t any e es co tt i l lmia i , a l sa i body has f l a fc r f ced. en xpr s nsiutona i t ton egiltve u l nd unquesi bl powe t a ih a ofke ofisc ea i o t m odiy t t r oft ofke, i tona e r o bols n t t r ton r o f he e ms he f n t publc i e e t eve t ug t e f c m a be t c ti a i he i nt r s , n ho h he fe t y o ura l n ncumben ' t xpie t r . ts me r d e m Th , a e s e c tt i na pr bii a ofi c eaed by t l i lt e m a be us bs nt om onsiuto l ohi ton, n fce r t he eg saur y a ihe by t l sa r durng t t m ofa i lmbe , andt ofi e hol rma beouse bols d he egilm e i he er n ncl nt he fc de y td p irt t ec mpein o hso h rtr ';s eas Gods t v M a o & Ci Co nclo ro o h o lto f i r e e m.) e lo l mih . v r ' t u i f v Batmo e 8 5 F.d 61 6 (t Ci.1 8 )(-h S p e Co r h sr ldtmea d t a an li r , 4 2 , 5 4 h r 9 8 Gf e u rme u t a ue i n i g i t' me t t t r t f de a consi i a l sa i bod i udi mt cpa c ha , mde ht e r l tt on, egiltve m y, ncl ng mi i l ounc l, ha t is s he t etr a hort t crae atr a a ih s h postons' . Ac di y,t r i no mfteed ut iy o e t, le nd bols uc ii .) ' cor ngl hee s pr t rgh i t c i d e se e ofpl n ipsposto and t r or no d i ton t t opery i t n he ontnue xit nc aitf ii n he ef e eprva i ha c dgi rs t aj 1 cam.See Gol mih,845F. a 65. oul ve ie o 983 li ds t 2d t Thus t s Cour lm is is i uiy t t pe i be we n Pl i ifs t r i ton a , hi t i t t nq r o he rod t e antf' e m na i nd De e nts de ii n t a ih t posto f f nda ' c so o bols he ii n onne l he d by Pl ntf. At is i whe he ry l ai if s ue s t r Pli if wa de e co tt i l a quae pr es t c e t hi t mi ton be or hi antf s ni d nsiutonaly- de t oc s o ont s s er nai f e s Poston wa a ihe by De e ii s bols d f ndan . The Unie St t Co tofAppe l f t Elve t ts t d aes ur a s or he e n h Cic tha hed t twhe e a G antf hmss r ui s l ha r t i if pl hown a de i to ofs m e rghtpr ec e by t prvai n o i ot t d he duepr es c a e'coursa e i tu t d t çl t whe he t ava lbl sa epr e eswer oc s l us ,' t r nsr c e o look o t r he ia e tt oc dur e a quae t c r tt alege pr e aldefc e i s' Coton v. J cks 21 F. 1 de t o orec he l d oc dur i i nc e .' t a on, 6 3d 328,1 331 5 Agai , t s Co t a n hi ur cknowl dge t t Def nt diput s t va i t of t e oym e e s ha enda s e he ldiy he mpl nt co r c . Se s a no e 2. For t pur e of t s o ni howe r t s Cour a ce s nta t e upr t he pos s hi pi on, ve , hi t c pt Pl i ifsc am , t nonantf l i as he movant t tt e oy e c r c i vai . ,ha he mpl m nt onta t s ld 8 ( 1 Ci.2 0 ) çf a e u t sae rme is wee a alb e b tt litf fie t tk 1 1 r 0 0 . l d q ae tt e de r v ia l u hep an if ald o m e l a nt geoft m , hepl i ifc nnotr l on t f l et cai t tt s ae de i d hi of dva a he t antf a ey hat aiur o l m ha he t t prve m pr e alduepr es.'J= oc dur oc s' J . I Coton, t pli if was t r naed fo hi poston a Die t of Contnui n t he a ntf e mi t r m s ii s r c or i ng Educai f Sout Geor a Cole afe s ve al e pl es compl ned t t pli if ha ton or h gi lge tr e r m oye ai ha antf d s xua l ha a s d t . The pli if was de ed a pos-e m i ton he rng a s e nty e ly r s e hem a ntf ni ttr na i a i nd ubs que l s d Sout Geo gi Cole f de i ng hi ofhi f de aldue pr e srght . Re r i t ue h r a l ge or prvi m s e r oc s i s ve sng he d src c u tsd n a o d fn a tsmo in f rs mma yj dg n ,t Elv nh Cic i h l itit o r' e il f e e d n ' to o u r u me t he e e t ru t ed ta t ep an ifh d a alb et hm tej d ca rme yofma d must c mp l h ai g a d h t h litf a v ia l o i h u iil e d n n o o e a e rn , n f t s r as pl ntf f ie t sae a cai f a pr dur ldue pr es vi ai or hi e on, ai if al d o t t l m or oce a oc s olton. I a d. t 1329-33. No u l e te panifi Co tn,Plitf as h d a albl te j iilr me y of t ni h litf n t k o an if lo a v i e h udca e d a ma m us I Fl i çM a nda . n orda, ç ndamus may not be us d t esa ih rght ; i t a a pa t e o t bls i s nse d, ry peii ni f a wrtofm a m usm us esabls a cl rl lrghtt t r quese r le ,a tto ng or i nda t t ih ea ega i o he e t d e if n i s a e l l d y, a have no a qua e r m e a l ' Col r v.Semi e Cn y ndiputbl ega ut nd de t e dy t aw. ' dion nol t. SheifsDe . 936 So.2d 42 ( a.5h Dit Ct App.2006) lr Pli ifposese a ce rf pt, Fl t s. . .lee, antf s s d lar lgalrg ,by viteoft Ciy Cha tr t ç fna a albefr t Ciy Councl(onsse e iht ru he t re , o ç i l ppe a o e he t i c itnt wi d p o e so lw)f rp r o e o c n etng a y r mo a. P1' S ae n o M aeil t ue r c s f a o u p s s f o tsi n e v l' .s ttme t f tra h ' Fa t ,Ex. 1 a 9 0. The Cha t a f ds De e ntno dic e i wih r pec t whehe cs , t -1 rer for f nda s r ton t es t o t r Pli ifi e il t s h ahea i Cons ue l a ade t sat r m e wasa ia e a a ntf s ntted o uc rng. eq nty, n qua e t e e dy val bl nd pli ifc nno r l o hi f im e t a lhi e foft tr m e t c a m he was de i d of antf a t ey n s a l o vai ms l ha e dy o l i prve r f e antf pr e a due pr es . The e or , Pli ifsDue Pr es cl m f isasa ma troflw t t oc dur l oc s6 oc s ai a l te a o he e en i s ksr i undert Unie Stt sConsi i n. xt t t ee elef he t d a e tmto I CONCLUSI V. ON Fort f e ng r s ,i i he or goi ea ons t s ORDERED AND ADJ UDGED t t Def nda ' M oton t Dim is Count Il of ha e nts i o s s 1 Plitf Ame e Co lit( No. 9 i GRANTED I P an ifs nd d mpan ECF 3 )s N ART. Co n lIo Plitf s u t l f anif Ame d d Co lit( No.21 i DI M I ED W I P UDI t t e tn i s e s n e mpan ECF ) s S SS TH REJ CE o he xe t t e k r ifundert Unied St t sConsiuto Asno f r lc am sr m an,t sCour e r s sis ele he t ae tt i n. ede a l i e i hi t xe cie t d srto a d cie t a sr s p lme tl urs ito o rte rmanig saelw cams icein nd e ln s o se t u pe na j idcin ve h e i n tt a li . S eRa e v. ltt l s Co, 7 F.d 1 8 , 0 9( 1hCi. 0 4 .I i t e eo e e n y Alsae n . .3 0 3 0 6 1 8 1 t r 2 0 ) t s h rf r ORDERED AND ADJUDGED t t t s c e i REM AN DED t t Ten h Cic t ha hi as s o he t r ui J ca Cic tCour i a f Hi a Cot y,Fl i TheCl k oft Cour i i tuced udi il r ui t n nd or ghlnds mt orda. er he t s nsr t t CLOSE t sc s Al pe ng motonsa e DENI AS M OOT. o hi a e. l ndi i r ED DO A OR R DiC a est a ,lr ati/ a o Jl,02 NE ND DE E n hmbraMimiFoi ,hs qxdy fuy2 1. d . Y / MI K. CHAELMOORE UNI TED STATES DI STRI J CT UDGE A l c m s lofr or 1 ot e ec d 6 The Pa te e r c i a e e f ta gui t a quac of t m a m us r m edy. To be ri s xe t onsder bl f or r ng he de y he ndn e a qua e ho ver t he sae pr e e nee notpr de al t r le a ia e unde s c i de t , we , t tt oc dur t d ovi l he e if va lbl r e ton 1 983.l t a t sa e pr ed e mus be a e t core t whaeve de ki nc e e s a t nse d, he t t oc ur t bl o r c t r f e i s xit nd o p o iep an ifwi wh tve p o e si d e' Co tn v. a ks n, 6F.d 1 2 ,1 31( 1h r vd litf t ae r r c s s u . to J c o 21 3 3 8 3 1 t h ' Ci.2000)(ii McKime v.Pae 20 F. 1 r ctng r y t, 3d 550,1 4 ( 1h Ci.1 56 1 t r 994)(n ba l. I t e ncl n he i t n c e,i i cea t tt m a m usr dy woul have c pe ld De e ntt pr vi nsa t as t s l r ha he nda eme d om le f nda o o de t hea i Pl i ifr ques e i hi pos -e m i ton l tert D e e he rng a ntf e t d n s t t r na i e t o f ndant Se A m .Com pl,Ex. . e . 6,a 1 t .

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