Sebastian v. Ortiz et al, No. 1:2016cv20501 - Document 57 (S.D. Fla. 2017)

Court Description: ORDER granting 30 Defendants Daniel Crocker and Jay Grossman's Motion to Dismiss; granting in part and denying in part 33 Defendants City of Miami and Rodolfo Llanes' Motion to Dismiss; and granting in part and denying in part 39 Defendant Javier Ortiz's Motion to Dismiss. Signed by Judge Federico A. Moreno on 9/29/2017. (kcg)

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Sebastian v. Ortiz et al Doc. 57 UNI TED STA TES DI STR I COU RT FOR TH E CT SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA M im iDi son a vii C as N um be 1 20501- V - O R EN O e r: 6CI M RUBEN SEBA STI , AN Pl i if a ntf , V S. J VI ORTIa J Y G RO SSM AN ?D AN I A ER Z A EL CROCKER,CI OF M I I LLAN ES TY AM , RODOLFO,a J nd OHN DOE, De e nt . f nda s / O R DE R G M N TI G I PA RT AN D DEN Y I G I PA RT N N N N D EFEN DA N TS'M O T I N S TO DI I O SM SS Thi i ac vi rght c e br s s i l i s as oughtby Ruben Se ta agans f z M i mipolc ofi r , basi n i t olr a i e tce sl Chi fofPolceRodolo Llne ,a t Ciy ofM im i Se ta alegest tt ofier e i f a s nd he t n . basin l ha he fc s vi a e hi cvi rg sd i ata t sop a are t The l co a e d c olt d s i l i ht urng r fk t nd r s . 6- unt m nde ompli ant i l ni fderlci lrg svi ai t r42U. C.j1 3ands ve saet tcams ncudes ne e a vi iht oltons mde S. 98 e n tt or li , f whih Se sin s ksc or c ba ta ee ompe aor a punii dmnage . The f de a cli si ude: ns t y nd tve s e r l am ncl * Count1. Fourh A m e m e il gals a ch a ns Li ut na Or i a t nd nt le e r gai t e e nt tz nd Of e Gr s a sc r os m n; @ Count2. Fourh A m e t ndm e f l e i pr s e / r e ta ns Li ut nt nt a s m ionm nta r s gai t e ena Or i and O fi e Gr s a tz fc r os m n; * Count3. Fourh A m e t ndm e m alci pr e uton aga ns Li ut na nt i ous os c i i t e e nt Or i and O fi e Gr s a tz fc r os m n; @ Count4. Fourh A m e t ndm e e s i us off r e aga ns Li ut na nt xce s ve e o c i t e e nt Or i and O f e Doe; tz ûc r 1Oneoft ofk esi aJ m Doea s i no i ve i t c e a t stme. Theot rt eeofk es he t r s ol nd o s t nvol d n he as t hi i he hr t r aeLiutnantJ virOri,OfierJ y Gr s n, Om ce DanilCr r r e e a e tz fc a osma and r e ocke . Dockets.Justia.com @ Count5. Fi s A m e en r t la i ag ns Li ut nan Or i a rt ndm t e a i ton ai t e e t tz nd Of i e Gr s a f c r os m n; * Count6.Fourh Amendme s pe v s y la lt f die tng unlwf l t nt u r ior ibiiy or r c i a u a t aga ns Li t nan O ri c s i t eu e t tz; @ Count7. Fourh A m e t ndm en s pe v s y la lt f f lle t s op t u r i or i biiy or aitr o t unlwf lac sagans Liut nantOri a u t i t e e tz; @ Count8. Fa l e t i tga e ordi ci i Li ut na Or i a i tt im o nves i t s plne e e nt tz ga ns he Ciy;a t nd @ Count9. De i ton ofrght f f l et pr ntLi utna Ori s prva i i s or aiur o eve e e nt tz' f e e bl a e a ns Chi fLl nes or s ea e bus gai t e a . The saet r c am si l tt o t l i nc ude: * Count 1 Fal e i prs e / r s aga ns Li ut na O ri a O fi e 0. s m i onm ntar e t i t e e nt tz nd tc r G r m an; oss @ Cot 11 M ai i pr e uton agans Liut na Ori a Ofi r mt . lcous os c i i t e e nt tz nd fce Gr s a , os m n' @ Cot 1 l e i i lc i ofemotona dites ag ns Li ut nt mt 2. nt ntonal ntiton i l sr s ai t e ena O ri a Of i e s Gr s a Cr ke ,a D oe; tz nd f c r os m n, oc r nd @ C o m t1 A s a torba t r a i tLi e ntOr i a O fi e s t 3. s ul te y ga ns eut na tz nd fc r G r s a Cr os m n, ocke ,a Doe; r nd @ Count1 Li lagans Liut na tOri a Ofi e Gr s a 4. be i t e e n tz nd fc r os m n; @ Count1 Reponde s pe orla lt a i tt Ciy;a 5. s at u ri ibiiy ga ns he t nd @ Count1 . Ne i nts r son orr t nton agans t Ciy. 6 glge upe vii ee i i t he t 2 Thi c us c s a e omesbef et Cour u Def nda s t e m otonst dim is or he t pon e nt ' hr e i o s s --one by Of i e s Gr s a a Cr ke , one by t Ciy a Chi fLl nes a one by Li ut na Or i 3 f c r os m n nd oc r he t nd e a , nd e e nt tz. Gene a l t ofi e sar t tpr r ly, he t c r gue ha obabl c us and qua ii i m uniy ba t f der lcl m s e a e lfed m t r he e a ai , a t tSe s i n f is t es a i h t r r d e e e soft s a e t tcl i s Li t na t nd ha ba ta a l o t bls he equie l m nt he t t or a m . eu e n 2Thea e m ndedcompl ntalo algesCount1 a ns Chi Llne . But Seba ta vol arl dim is d ai s le 6 gai t ef a s , sin unt iy s s e Co 1 agans Chi Llnesi hi r po ebre . unt 6 i t ef a n s es ns if 3Li e ntOri i r es nt by s pa aec el eutna tz s epr e ed e r t ouns . Ori f rhe a gue t tt e s i f c c am f isbe a et f cewas#emi mu The tz u t r r s ha he xce sve or e l i al c us he or ni s. Ciy a Chi Ll ne e ho t ofi e s ar um e s w hi h t c e m oo t s r i or t nd ef a s c he f c r ' g nt , c hey ont nd t he upe v s y la lt cli . They a s a g f s r i i uniy. ibiiy a ms lo r ue or ove e gn mm t The Cour hasr vi w ed t m otons r po es a r ple . A ddii ly,t pa te t e e he i , es ns , nd e i s tona l he r i s r s s eoft rbre e a g nt a or la g e o Septm be 28, 7. Ase aned aied om hei i f d r ume s t a r um nt n e r 201 xpli beow,Ofi e Gr s a and Ofi e Cr ke ' m o i t dimi si GR ANTED;t Ciy a l fc r os m n fc r oc rs ton o s s s he t nd ChifLl nes m o i t dimi si GR ANTED I PART a DENI I PART;a e a ' ton o s s s N nd ED N nd Liut na Ori sm o i t dim isi G RANTED I PART a DENI I PART. e e nt tz' ton o s s s N nd ED N BA CK G R O U N D Thealegai , c t Cour as umesa et ea co tue i t lghtm os l tons whi h he t s r nz nd nsr s n he i t f vor bl t Se ta f rpur esoft m o i t dimi s a e a f l w s a a e o basin o pos he tons o s s , r s olo . A. The Traf c St and A rres fi op t On J y 7,201 Se si n wa pule ove f s di by Ofi e Gr s a who wa ul 5, ba ta s l d r or pee ng fc r os m n, s on dut Ofi rGr s a a oa hed Seba ta sd i r sde wi y. fce os m n ppr c si n' rve - i ndow a saedt the nd t t ha be ived Se sin ha be s e ng. Ofi e Gr s le ba ta d en pe di fc r os man a s r quese t c ck t wi w lo e t d o he he ndo tntngon t fontwi ii he r ndowst dee mi whet rt y we e i compla wih sat lw. o tr ne he he r n ince t t e a Se ta ag ee t t wi basin r d o he ndow che k.Ne ,Ofi e Gr ma saed t the wihed t s a c c xt fc r oss n t t ha s o e rh t ba k s toft c r Se s in as d why.Ofi rGr s a r ponded t be us oft he c ea he a . ba ta ke fce os m n es hat ca e he wi ndow tn i on t r rwi i tng he ea ndowshe c d no s e i i t r arc pa t e . Thefont oul t e nsde he e om rm nt r wi ndowswe er ld down, c r nde e t ba k s tvi i e fom whe e Ofi e Gr s a r ole whi h e r d he c ea sbl r r fc r os m n wassa ng outi t d i rsdoor tndi sde he rve ' --enoug s t know t tno ot rpe s wa i t c r h o o ha he r on s n he a . Se si n r f e t al Ofi rGr s a t s r h t c . Ofi rGr s a t c le ba ta e us d o low tce os m n o ea c he ar fce os m n hen a ld Liut ntOri t t s enea waiedwih Se ta , who r m a ne s a e i i t c . e ena tz o he c nd t t basin e i d e t d nsde he ar4 W he Liut na tOri a rve he a oac d a as as t s a c t c r Theba k n e e n tz r i d, ppr he nd lo ked o e r h he a . c s a r i d asvii e a i wa a t tm eOfk e Gr s n saed he c d no s ei ot e t ema ne sbl s t s t he i t r os ma t t oul t e nt he ba Seba ta a n r f e Liut na Ori t n o ne t drve ' doora r ck. sin gai e us d. e e nt tz he pe d he i rs nd emove d Se ta fom t ca . Att stm e OfkerDoe ha ani t t s e basin r he r hi i , t d ved o he c ne. Afe bei r tr ng emove fom t c r Se ta wasr sr i d by eiherLi ena Ori or d r he a , basin e tane t eut nt tz Ofi rDoe,who pr s ed Se s in' f c down ont hood ofapolc c ra pl e hi i fce es ba ta s a e he i e a nd ac d m n me a ha ufs c tng of t cr ulton i hi ha a c tng i ot s n on hi wrss t l ndc f , uti f he ic a i n s nds nd uti nt he ki s it . Se sin pr e t pr s bl a ba ta ot sed, e uma y boutt tght soft ha he i nes he ndcufs l r pons ,eihe f . n es e t r Liut na Ori orOfi e Doet d hi t ti hec i d t c e e nt tz fc r ol m ha f ontnue o ompl n,ç kne ofawa t ai ç he w yo m a t m tght r' ke he i e .' W h l S b sinwa b n o e t ep lc c ri ha d ufs h c n iu dt o jc t t e ie e a ta s e t v r h oie a n n c f, e o tn e o be t o h s r h ofhi ca ,sa i t Li e ea c s r t tng o eutnantOri a Ofi e Gr s a t t y nee d a wara . tz nd fc r os m n hat he de r nt Eihe Li ut ntOr i o Of i rG r s a r ponded by a ki hi i he w a a tYou-ube t r e ena tz r fce os m n es s ng m f s t l - l awye 'orç onsiutonals'a t tt l dn' ne awa r .' Bot Liut na Ori and r' ç tt i it' nd ha hey t c di t ed rant' h e e nt tz Ofi rGr s n t n s ar he t ca . They fr tr fce os ma he e c d he r s emove g oc re fom t bac s t The d r e i s r he k ea . n, o oft m a ke Se ta whe he t ewe e a we ponsi t c r Se si saedt t ne he s d basin t r her r ny a n he a . ba tan t t ha t r wa agun a t thehad ape tt c r yi, c washa ngf om t r ar e mir . he e s nd ha nni o a r t whih ngi r he e viw ror Att tm e,Se ta wase pl he i basin m oyed a af l-i ar d s curt gua d by M i miDadeTr i, s u ltme me e iy r a anst a w a lce e a per i t d t pos e s a c r y a tr ar . nd s i ns d nd m te o s s nd a r s e m 4Thea e m ndedcompl ntdoesnots iy how l t y waiedf Li e ai pecf ong he t or eutnantOri t arve. tz o ri Liut na Ori t n r e e e t ca t l k f rt g e e nt tz he e nt r d he r o oo o he un.Una e t l a ei,heas d bl o oc t t ke Se si t t lhi whe et fnd i. Se ta s d t ti wa i isholtri i t drve ba tan o el m r o i t basin ai ha t s n t se nsde he i r sdedoorssdepoc t Afe fndi t gun t r et rLi ut na Ori orOfk e Gr s a i ' i ke . tr i ng he he e, ihe e e nt tz t r os m n tl S bata t a hewo dn ve rt t hsj bwihM imiDa eCo ny.Liu e a tOri od e sin h t ul e r emn o i o t a - d u t e tn n t z t n a r sed Se si f r c e sdiply ofafr r . he re t ba tan or e kls s a iea m Li e ntO ri di e t d O fi erCr ke ,who had a ve a t s ne, o pl e eut na tz r c e tc oc r ni d t he ce t ac Se ta i a polce ca t t ke hi t t polce s a i Eihe Of i e D oe orLi t nantOr i bas i n n i roa m o he i t ton. t r f c r eu e tz r emove t me a ha ufsa r pl e t m wih pl tcfte - uf s' f e sti d he t l ndc f nd e ac d he t asi çl xic f 'be or itng Se ta i t ba s a oft polcec . Once Se ta wasi t c r Ofk e Cr ker i basin n he ck e t he i ar basin n he a , t r oc , n t pr s nc oft o he ofi e s r s d a1 t w i he e e e he t r f c r , ai e l he ndow sw ih Se s i n i i A st t ba ta ns de. he t mpe aur i i t c r e,Sebasi n be me una et b e t a a ke t ofi r t e r t e nsde he ar os ta ca bl o r ahe nd s d he fce s o o n t doororwi pe he ndow .Ofi rCr kerr l ar rwi fce oc oled ea ndow down one o t i hes but r wo nc , r f ed Se si sr e us ba tan' eques t r li do f t r Se s in alo a ke t ha t te - uf s t o ol t wn urhe . ba ta s s d o ve he l xic f l e bec us t y we e s tghtt thebe t l e f e i i hi ha .Dtrng t tm e oos ned a e he r o i ha gan o os e lng n s nds li he i Se ta r m ane i t polc ca , t t m pe a ur r m ai d hi h. se ta die ty a ke basi n e i d n he i e r he e r t e e ne g 5 basin r c l s d a1 f ofi r t r ldown t wi l our fce s o ol he ndows butt y r us , he ef ed. Se si n wa t kent t polc sai a hi ca wast d.Hewasc r d wih ba ta sa o he ie t ton nd s r owe ha ge t tle c i na c s t co sofr ssi orobsnz tng a ofi e wihoutvi e ean one l e rmi l ount : wo unt r e itng t c i n tc r t ol nc d cou ofr c e sdiply ofa fr ar . Se ta r mai d att polcedepa t nti handc f nt e kl s s a ie m basin e ne he i rme n ufs f ove fve hour untlhe wasgi n a notc t a a i c ta w a r l as d. On A ugus or r i s i ve i e o ppe r n our nd s e e e t 1 201 t pr e utng aut iy f M i m iD a Cou y a 4, 5, he os c i hort or a - de nt bandoned a1 c i i lc r s 1 rm na ha ge 5Thea ndedco ai doe nots iyhow I Seba ta wasi t polc ca . me mpl nt s pecf ong sin n he ie r agans Se si n. O n January 19, 2016,Se si n pl a d g ly t s edi on amunii l i t ba ta 6 ba ta e de uit o pe ng cpa r unde Fl.Stt j31 18 1 f drvi 39miesperhourt ought t lplzat t oad r a a. 6. 9( ) or i ng l hr he ol a o he Ri ke cke Ca e y,azs- ie- rhourz ? c nba r us wa m l pe one. Aft Se ta sa r s,hi e pl e wih M im iDa Co y wa t mi t d a tr basin' r e t s m om nt t a - de unt s er nae nd hehasbee una et fnd e oym e asa a med s trt gua d f a e pl . I a ton n bl o i mpl nt n r ecliy r or ny m oyer n ddii t l sofe pl e , c i o os m oym nt he ontnuest s f rner dnma t hi ha a wrss e o i o ufe ve ge o s nds nd it, m tonal pa n a s f rng, r put tona dn es i nd ufe i and e ai l mag . B. Li ut nant O r i ' A lege H i t y e e t z s l d s or Liu e a tOri j ie t epoief rei 2 0 Beo eJ l 7 2 5 t ed t o e tn n t on d h l o c n 0 4. f r uy , 01 - h ae f z c S bata sar s- se a ta alg st a Liue a tOri h dbe n:( ) h s b e to a la t e sin' re t b sin l e h t e tn n tz a e 1 t e u j c f t e s e 23ctz n c ant fl wiht Ciy;( i tgae byt Ciy' l ena Afar di son iie ompli s ied t he t 2) nvesi td he t s ntr l fis vii frusngexc svef c a fii t c ywiht Ciy' r e a rgul i ;( o i esi ore nd alng o ompl t he t s uls nd e atons 3) iv si ae byt eCiy' Ci la lve tg tv Pa e f ru ige e sv f r e a d( )pa e n e tg td h t s vi n n si ai e n l o sn xc s ie oc ; n 4 lc d i on t Ci la l tga i Pane ' moniorng ls ofofi e sde onsr tnga pa tr of he viin nvesi tve ls t i it fc r m ta i te n mico uc . s nd t Il . LEG A L STA N D AR D $ pl di t tsaesa c am f rr le mus c ai .a s ta pl i satm e oft t ea ng ha t t A l i o ei f t ont n.. hor nd an t e nt he cli s ngt t pla ri e ildt r i ' FED. CI P.8()2) Whe r lngona am howi hat he e de s ntte o elef ' R. v. a( . n ui moton t dim is ac tmus vi w t co pl nti t lghtmos f vo a et t pl ntf a i o s s , our t e he m ai n he i t a r bl o he ai if nd a c p t ep an ifswelpe d df csa t e Se StJ sph'Hop.I . . s Cop.f c e t h litf l- la e a t s nl . e . o e s s , nc v Hop. r o Am. 795F. 948,953( t Ci.1 6) Howe rçll s vveamoto t dimis pli if , 2d 11h r 98 . ve tto ur i in o s s , antfs 6s e dn i n t c i n l fn ei Flrda ii an n rmi lifa t n.S eFa Sa. 31 .4(a y p e ig s o a rmia ofe s n o i t s o ci na nrci e l. tt j 81 ç n o G p ro ctdfravoaino Cha tr31 .ic ag dwi an n rmia ifa t n.) esn ie o ilt f pe 6.. h r e t o ci n lnrci '. o s h o ' 7Thi i no i l s s t ncudedi t am e n he ndedcompl nt butSe sin' cou e,a o ala gum e ,di notdiput ai , ba ta s ns l t r r nt d s e t thi cle wass edi a t thee e e aguit pl ha s int pe ng nd ha ntr d ly ea. m us do mor t n mer l sae lgalc usons. Jac n v Be l h Teec t e ha ey t t e oncl i ' ' kw . lsout l omm. 372 F. , 3d 1 1 ( 1hCi. 250, 263 1 t r 2004) çW hielga c usonsc npr det fa wor ofa . ç l e l oncl i a ovi he rme k c ompl nt t y mus bes ai , he t upporedby f c ua ale tons't tpr del t a t l l gai ' ha ovi ç enough t r ieargh t o as i t o r le a ei f bovet s c a i lvelon t a sl i t ta1oft c he pe ultve e he s tmpton ha 1 he ompli ' a lga i a e a nts le tons r tu . S eAs c o v I b l 5 6U. 6 2 6 9( 0 ) Bel l Co p. .T mby, 5 U. 5 4 r e' e h rh . q a , 5 S. 6 , 7 2 08 ; lAt r v wo l 5 0 S. 4 , ' . 545( 2007) . 11 1. A NA LY SI S Ge r ly,De e nt 'm o i t dimisr ief l m an is s r t whe he Ofier ne a l f nda s tons o s s as otr i s ue .Fis, t r fc Gr s n ha pr bl ca e t m a a c t a a r t Se ond,whe he t physca f ce os ma d oba e us o ke usodi l res. c t r he i l or a id t Seba ta e e t pe misbl lmi,whih i r as wih pr bl ca e Thid, pple o sin xce ded he r s i e i t c nc e es t oba e us . r whehe Se si s fc e l a lgeslbe . Fourh,whehe t Ciy orChifLlness dbe t r ba tan ufi i nty le i l t t r he t e a houl la e f Li ut na O r i s a tons i bl or e e nt tz' c i . Pr obabl C aus e e S ve o Se m ta scamsd pe do lc o p o bec u e ( )Fo rhAme me t e n f b sin' li e n n a k f r ba l a s : 1 u t nd n ilg ls ac ; 2)F u t Ame d n f lei io me ta rs; 3 sae lw f le le a e rh ( o rh n me t as mprs n n /re t ( ) tt-a as i rs me tars; 4 Fo rhAme d n maii u p o e u in ( )sae lw maiiu mp ion n/re t ( ) u t n me t lco s r s c to ; 5 tt-a l os c pr e uton;( Fis Amendme rt ito a ()s r s yla lt frdie i u a ' os c i 6) rt nt ealain; nd 7 upe vior ibiiy o rctng nlwf ul a s Def nt a guef qualfe i muniy be aus Ofi erGr s a r as nabl be ive he ct. enda s r or ii d m t c e fc os m n e o y le d ha pr bl ca e i put t Li ut ntOri unde t f low ofi e r e t makea d oba e us - m ed o e ena tz r he e l fc r ul- o c t a a r s f s edi Se ta r s usodil re t or pe ng. basin e pondst tt r wasno pr bl c us f ra c t al ha he e oba e a e o usodi ar s be aus s di i anonc i i li r c i i Fl i a t ewasno pr re t c e pee ng s rm na nfa ton n orda, nd her obabl c e e aus f a ot r c i i lc r e. Thi Cour a e w ih D e e or ny he rm na ha g s t gr es t f ndant . s 1 . O c rGr s ma Ha Pr b beCau et M a eaCu t da Are t m e os n d o a l s o k so il r s An a r s s ppore by pr bl c us ora gua epr bl ca ee il ofi e st ret u td oba e a e r bl oba e us nttes fc r o q ai e i nt .Se Sk p v Ci o ln a 4 5F.d 1 3 ,1 3 ( 1h Ci. 0 7 .Bu, u lf d mmu iy e o . t fAt t , 8 3 1 0 1 8 1 t r 2 0 ) ta i y a war nte sa r twih net rpr bl c e nora gua epr ba e c us vi aest ra l s res t ihe oba e aus r bl o bl a e ol t he Consiuton,a al yspr de a bm i f Se ton 1 3 la lt M ar v Gumbi r, tt i nd wa ovi s ss or c i 98 ibiiy. x . nne 905 F. 15 1 ( 1h Ci.1 .t-hesandadf detr ni whet rpr bl c us e ss 2d 03, 505 1 t r 990) s- t r or emi ng l he oba e a e xit i t smeunde Fl i andfde a l ' Ranki v Ev ,1 F. 1 1 ( 1h Ci. s he a r orda e r law. ' n . ans 33 3d 425, 435 1 t r 1 .S o bl c us (oar sle sswheeihef t andcrumsanc wihi (he 998) f ba e a e t ret xit r t acs pr ic t es t n t o tc r' k o e g a o whiht yh dr a o a l tu t rh i o main (r)s fiin fie sl n wld e nd f c he a e s n by r swo ty nfr to a e u fce t i t m s l st wa r ntam a ofr as bl ca i i t beleft ta ofens ha be n ori n he eve o ra n e ona e uton n he i ha n f e s e s bengc i ommitd. Ore v Chrsi 85F. 1 21 1 ( 1hCi.1 . te ' tga . itan, 3d 5 , 526 1 t r 996) ' Sl va i t ofa are tdoesnott n on t ofe ea ç-he ldiy n r s ur he f ns nnounc by t ofi e a t ed he fc r t he tmeo t ear s. Bai y v ## o t Co ' , 5 F.d 1 1 ,1 1 n. ( 1hCi. 9 2 . i f h re t' l . . fcny. mm r 9 6 2 1 2 1 9 4 1 t r 1 9 ) ' e s çW he a ofi e m a an a r twhi h i pr ry s ç n n fc r kes res c s ope l uppore by pr bl c us t a r tf a td oba e a e o res or c rano fn e n ih rhi s be tv rla c o a o fns f rwhihn pr b b ec us e it eti fe s , ete s u j cie ein e n n fe e o c o o a l a e xss norhi ve ba a unc m e oft wr ofe evii t t a r s.'Leev Fe r o,28 F. s r l nno e nt he ong f ns taes he r e t' . r ar 4 3d 1 8 ,1 9 ( 1hCi. 0 2 .Fu t r tes b e tv itninsa mo iain o idviu l 1 8 1 6 1 t r 2 0 ) rhe,h u j cie ne to nd tv to s f n i d a ofi e spl y no r e i t pr bl c e a l i.Se Ar s v Sulian,53 U. 769,771 fc r a ol n he oba e aus na yss e kan as . lv 2 S. - 72( ) Whr nv Unie ats 51 U. 806,81 1 ( 996) l l aspr ec us 2001; e . tdst e , 7 S. 2- 3 1 .t ong As obabl a e e se t a r tt s pe tf a ofens t are tand de e i a eva i e n i pr bl xit d o res he us c or ny f e, he r s t nton r ld ve f oba e c us w asl ki ast s e of ens , eve al announc c r es ' Se Rei v H e y a e ac ng o om f es or n l ed ha g . e d . nr ' Co?nl 5 Fe App' 745, ( 1hCi. 4) , y, 68 d. x / 749 1 t r 201 . Hee Se ta wa ar tdf :( )rssi oro tuci a ofierwihoutvi e , r, basin s rese or 1 e itng bsr tng n fc t olnce a ( rc e sdiply ofafr r De e nt donotaguet tt r wm pr bl c us f r nd 2) e kls s a ieam. f nda s r ha he e s oba e a e o - 8- eihe c r Ra he , he ar f qualfe i muniy s e y ba e o pr bl c us t ma t r ha ge. t r t y gue or ii d m t oll s d n oba e a e o ke a c t a a r tf r s di .8 us odi l r es o pee ng Se ta pla guit t s edi onamuni palr di vi ai ofFl Stt j basin e ded ly o pe ng ci oa n olton a. a. 31 .8 () whc Dee d n sag ee ic rt sa y c alng t p o bec us .S b sin 6 1 9 1, ih fn a t r u vs e ae n h le e o r ba l a e e a ta ma t a g e sa i tpr kes wo r um nt gans obabl c us Fis, a guest talhough t r wa e a e. r t he r ha t he e s undiput d pr bl ca et m a ata fcsop,t ofi e swer notpe m itd t ma a s e oba e us o ke r fi t he fc r e r te o ke c t ala r s f as e ng vi ai whi h i ano rm i ofe ei Fl i Howe r t usodi re t or pe di ol ton, c s nc i nal f ns n orda. ve , he El nt Cicui ha die ty a e s d t si s a he dt tofi r a epe ted t m a a eve h r t s r c l ddr s e hi s ue nd l ha fce s r nnit o ke c t ala r tf nonc i i of e esi Fl i ,s cii ly vi a i ofCha er31 Se us odi r es or rm nal f ns n or da pe fca l ol tons pt 6. e Y a r v Ci o imiNo 0 - 4 6 , 0 5W L 6 2 2 ( 1hCi. a 5 2 05 (usoda b r a . t fM a , . 3 1 6 0 2 0 y 5 61 6 1 t r J n. , 0 ) c t il a r s pe m il d w he e ofi r ha pr bl ca e t tpede t i n wal on r dw a w he e r e t r te r tce s d oba e us ha s ra ked oa y r sde l weepr de i vi ai ofSe ton31 1 3); eealoDur tyv Pa or 351 i waks r ovi d,n olton ci 6.30( ) s s ruh . st , F.d 1 8 1 9( 1hCi. 00 )(u t da ar s p r te f rs mevo ain ; e ny v Ci o 3 0 0, 08 1 t r 2 3 c so il re t emi d o n ilto ) J a t . t f t y Mi mi 8 6F. p . d 1 3 ( D. l . 01 )( n r , . (o lwig Y a r h dn t t a , 7 Su p 2 3 4 S. F a 2 2 Le ad J) f lo n b ra, olig ha c so a a rs f rn n rmi l rfi ifa t n i c n t ui n l.Th s Ofie Gr sma u tdil re t o o c i na tafc n rci s o si to a) u , fc r o s n o t cea l ha pr bl ca et ma ac t a a r s ofSe ta f rs e ng. l ry d oba e us o ke usodil r e t basin o pe di Se ond,Se si a guest tt sop a t are tar t s pa ae e nt .Acc di c ba tan r ha he t nd he r s e wo e r t ve s or ng t Se si n,Ofi e Gr s n so d Se ta f s edi butde de no t a r thi .At o ba ta fc r os ma t ppe basi n or pe ng, ci d t o res m t tpoi ,Se ta ar ha nt basin guest tt sop e d,a t t tm et makea a r s hadpa s d. ha he t nde nd hat he i o n re t se The Se ta a gues t ofi e sdecded t m a a c t ala r s f t ot ofe e n, basin r , he fc r i o ke usodi r e t or he her f ns s wihoutpr t obabl c eonl a t rSe si a s re hi rght . Thi a gum e i Sa d. e aus y fe ba tan s e t d s i s s r nt s we 8TheCou tnee nota r swhehe t r waspr bl ca et a r tSebasin f r ssi o r d dd es t r he e oba e us o res ta or e itng r obsr c i a ofierwihoutvi e o frr ckls diply ofafr r tu tng n fc t olnce r o e e s s a tea m. - 9- OfierGr s n ha pr bl ca et are tSe tan f s e ng. Onc Se ta fc os ma d oba e us o r s basi or pe di e basin waspule ove ,hewasno fe t go.Ofi erGr s ld r t re o fc os man di notis acia i n a pe t d s ue tto nd nni Se ta t d i a y.Ra he ,Se ta wa de ane durng t e ie c zs ofeve s basin o rve wa t r basin s t i d i he ntr olr e nt. Eve i Se ta i core tt tt ofi r de i d t e ca aet a r s s ey bec us of n f basin s r c ha he tce s cde o s l t he re t ol l a e S b sin' o j ci n t tes ac o fra yoh rra o , h o fc r ' ube tv itnins e a ta s be to s o h e rh, r o n te e s n t e fies s j ci e n e to a motva i ply no r ei t pr bl ca ea yss Se Sulian,532 U. a 771 72. nd i tons a ol n he oba e us nal i. e lv S. t - He e Ofi e Gr s nhadpr bl ca et tSe sinha vi ae Seci 31 1 1, r , tc r osma oba e us ha ba ta d oltd ton 6.894 ) whih pe m it d ac t ala r t Tha e t a l i . c r te usodi res. t nds he na yss 2 . O c rGr s ma 'Pr b beCa s wf I tdt Liu e n Ori Und rt m e o s n s o a l u e / mpu e o e tna t tz e he . ç Fel w O c rRu e lo m e l Unde t t e l ofi rr e, Li ut ntOri m a r y on Ofk e Gr s a s r he f low fce ul ' e ena f ' tz y el t r os m n' pr bl c e. The l f low of e r e'sat t twhe an a r tng ofi e wasabs ntf a oba e aus ç el ç sc r ul t es ha n zesi fc r e or sgnii a po ton oft eve sgi ng rs t pr ba ec us t a r si ofi e may r l upon i fc nt ri he nt vi ie o o bl a e, he re tng fc r ey h sf l w o fc rs u g n a u p o a ec u e' Wi imsv M imiDa ePoieDe ' 2 7 i el f e ' j d me t bo t r b bl a s . l a . a - d lc p t 9 o ' l , Fed. x941, ( 1hCi.2008 ;s ealoBe r v St e, So. 1 11 ( a Dit App' 946 1 t r ) e s ry . at 493 2d 098, 00 F1. s. CtAp 1 (e tma yofsop,s z e,orar tde ndsonwhehe ofie s yi . p. 986) lgii c t eiur res pe t r fc r uppl ng i or i hadrquiiepr eca e .Thus i t ofie s yi t i omai doe nf maton e st obabl us ) , f he fc r uppl ng he nfr ton s nothav pr bl c us t m a a a r s,t n t ofi rr cevi t i or ai n i not e oba e a e o ke n re t he he fce e i ng he nf m to s s el d byt f low ofi e r e;t are ti i ld,a a s e hi de he el fc r ul he r s s nvai nd ny ubs quents ar h vi aest e c olt he a r s e s Fourh A m e r e t e' t ndm e rght . Be r 493 So. a 11 H e e O f i rG r s an ha nt i s r y, 2d t 00. r , fce os m d pr obabl ca e t m a a c t a ar e tofSe tan f s di Li t nantO ri w a e us o ke us odi l r s bas i or pee ng. eu e tz s pemitdt rl o Ofie Gr sma s u me t b u p o a l c us .Th s u d rt flo r te o ey n fc r o s n'j dg n a o t r b be a e u , n e he el w ofie r l ,t pr bl ca ewa i t d t Li t na Ori fc r u e he oba e us s mpu e o eu e nt tz. - 10- 3 . Qua6 e I ni Ba sSe a ta ' Cli fo Ilga Se r h Fas l d mmu t r b sin s ams r le l a c , le y I i onm entA r e ,M alci Pr s uton,R e alaton,a D l e i mprs / r st i ous o ec i t ii nd r ctng Unl awful t Acs Be us t ofk e sha pr bl ca et m a ac t ala r t t y a ee ild t ca e he t r d oba e us o ke usodi res, he r ntte o qualfe i iid mmuniyon a1ofSe sin' cai t hi onpr bl ca e.touaiid t l ba ta s l ms hat nge oba e us t lfe i uniy ofe sco plt pr e ton f gover ntofi a ss d i t ri vi lc pa ii mm t f r m e e ot c i or nme tcil ue n hei ndi dua a ctes i t rc f hei onduc ç snotvi a ecla l esabls saut y orc tt i lrght ofwhih a t doe olt e ry t ihed t t or onsiutona i s c ra o a l p ro wo dh vek o ' Viya dv Wi o , 1F.d 1 4 ,1 4 ( 1h Ci. e s n b e es n ul a n wn.' n r . l n 31 3 3 0 3 6 1 t r ' s 2002)( i Ha ow v Fiz r d,457U. 8 818( 982).l henpr rya id, quotng rl . tge al S. 00, 1 ) ç W ope l pple ( lfe i quaiid mmuniy)pr e t t lbutt pli yi ompee ort ewhoknowi yvi aet t otcs al he anl nc tnt hos ngl olt he lw.' As c o v a - d 5 U. 7 , 4 ( 01 )( u tn Maly v Brg s 4 5U. 3 5 a ' h r? . lKid, 63 S. 31 7 3 2 1 q o ig le . ig , 7 S. 3 , ' 341( 986) tBe aus qualfe i 1 ). ' c e iid mmuniyi adefns notonl fom la lt butas fom t s e e y r ibiiy, lo r s t i i tmpora f ac t o as era nt valdiy ofaqua ii i t t de ens a e ry ui, t s i tnt or our t c ti he i t lfed mm miy f e s a l i t lws ia p sbl.' fe , 8 F.da 1 9 (u tn GJ I v .I c v Co ny o n he a ut s osi e' e 2 4 3 t 1 4 q o ig R n s, n . . u t f ' Es ambi 1 F. 1 13 ( 1hCi.998); e aloGon alzv Re 3 F. 1 c a, 32 3d 359, 70 1 t r1 ) s e s z e . no, 25 3d 228, 1 3 ( 1hCi. 0 )(l i t ee o ea p o raef rad src c u tog a tted fns o 2 3 1 t r 20 3 tt s h r fr p r p it o itit o r t rn h ee e f i qua ii i t t a t moton t dimissa i t compl i f ist aleget vi a i of lfed mm miy t he i o s s t ge f he ant a l o l he olton ace l e tbls dconsi i lrg .). lary sa ihe tmtona iht' To r e vequa ii i uniy,apublcofi i ûmus fr tpr t thewasaci ec i lfed mm t i fcal l t is ove ha tng wihi t s ope ofhi dic eto r a ho iy whe t alege y wr u a t oc ured. fe , t n he c s s r i na y ut rt n he l dl ongf l c s c r ' e ' 28 F. a 119 ç( hebur nt ns fst t pli ift s t tt grntofquaiid 4 3d t 4. $T) de he hit o he antf o how ha he a lfe i mmuniyi a oprae. Olve v Fl i 586F. 898,905( 1h Ci. )( t i t s ppr it ' i r . orno, ' 3d 1 t r 2009 ciatons omitd) l me tngt sbur n,hepl ntf mus s bot t t ( )t dee ntvi aeda te . n ei hi de t ai if t how h ha: 1 he fnda olt c tt i lrghta ( t rghtwasce rye t ihe whe t vi aton oc ure 1 A onsiutona i , nd 2) he i lal sabls d n he ol i c rd. d. f rlrghti ç eal esa ihe ' nttthec our of(he rg gr s t enl cla ' edea i s l ry tbls d'whe $(l ont s t ) iht ae) ufki ty e r cl t te r çe onabl ofi i lwoul haveunde sood t twha hei doi vi a est trght'' ha ve y r as e fc a d rt ha t s ng olt ha i .' alKi 5 U. a 7 (uoi Andes v Cr ght 483U. 635,640( 98 $ edo - dd, 63 S. t 41 q tng ron . ei on, S. 1 7:. ç W notr quieaca ediecl on poi ,bu e si pr e tm us ha plce t sa u or or e r s r ty nt t xitng ec den t ve a d he t t t y c tt i na quesi be onsiuto l ton yond debae.'I l fca el w,i f c ualtr ,ha notsa d ou a t ' d ç s a n a t e ms s l t ke t b ih l e q aiidi ni amo t l y p oe t t ed fn a t' Po t .Ci o r rg t i , u l e mmu t l s awa s r tcs h ee d n . s v t fFo t n f y ' y Lau dal,7F.d 1 1 ( t Ci.1 . der e 3 552, 557 11h r 993) Her ,t ofi r w e e a i w ihi t s ope oft rdi c e i y a ho iy aspolc e he fce s r ctng t n he c hei s r tonm' ut r t ie of i er w he t alege y w r fc s n he l dl ongf la t occ r d. Thus t def a qua i i i m uniy, u c s ur e , o e t lfed m t Se sinha t btr nt s t :( )t ofiesvi aedaco tt i rg ,a ( t ba ta s he tde o how hat 1 he fc r olt nsiutonal iht nd 2) he rg wasclary e tbls a t tmeoft i den . i ht e l sa ihed t he i he nci t a. ll lSe c ( lega ar h Count1 ) Unde t Fourh Ame r he t ndme ,a i vi hasarghtt befe fom Ct e ona e nt n ndi dual i o r e r tmr as bl s ar he a s i ur . Sk p,48 F. a 11 e c s nd e z es' o ' 5 3d t 37.Thet e ona e s'ofa a r ti de e mi d s as blnes ' n res s t r ne r by t pr s nceora e ofpr he e e bs nce obabl ca ef t a r t I $ c t a a r s ofa s pe t e us or he res. d t usodi l re t A us c b ed o pr bl c us i ar as nabl i r s o unde t FourhA me e ;t i r i as n oba e a e s e o e ntu i n r he t ndm nt hat ntuson b iglwf las ac icd n t t ar s rq ie noa dto a j si c to ' Vigii v en a u, e r h n ie t o he re t e ur s d iin lu tf ain. r na . i ' Mo r , 5 U. 1 4 1 7( 0 )( u tn UntdSa e v Robn o , 4U. 21 , 3 ( 9 3 o e 5 3 S. 6 , 7 2 08 q o ig ie tts . is n 41 S. 8 2 5 1 7 :; s eas Ne Y r v Betn, 3U. 4 4 4 0( 9 1 (û l e apoie nh sma ealwf l e lo w o k . lo 45 S. 5 , 6 1 8 ) iW h n lc ma a d a ' g u c t ala r toft occ usodi res he upan ofa a t o l hemay,a acon e por neousi i ntoft t t n u om bie, s tm a nc de ha ar t sarht pa s nge compa t ntoft ta omobie.) Hee, tce Gr s nha res, e c he s e r rme ha ut l ' . r Ofi r osma d ' pr bl ca et makea c t a a r t Thus t ofi r wer per tedt s a c oba e us o usodi l res. , he fce s e mit o e r h Se s i n' pas e rc pa t e a pa t t tar e t O f i rG r s a and Li e tO ri ba ta s s nge om rm nt s r of ha r s . fce os m n eut nan tz a e e il d t qualt e i m uniy. Se ta hasno cl i f il ls r h. Thus Co 1 i r ntte o ii d m t basi n a m or lega ea c , unt s di m i s d. s se - 12- b. Fa s I ionm e / r t( le mprs ntAres Count 2 and 1 s 0) Pr bl c us ba ssae a f r lf lei prs e / res cai s SeeM lr 905 oba e a e r t t nd ede a as m ionm nta r t l m . x, F. a 1 05 06.He e,Ofi erGr s n ha pr bl c et m a ac t a a r s .Th , 2d t 5 r fc os ma d oba e aus o ke usodil re t us he a Li u e nd e t nantOri a e e il d t qualte i muniy. Se ta hasno cai f f s tz r ntte o ii d m t basin l m or ale i ionm e ta r s unde et rt Fourh Am e e orunde Fl i l Thus Cou s2 mprs n /r e t r ihe he t ndm nt r orda aw. , nt a 1 a edim is nd 0 r s s ed. M aiiusPr s c to ( u t 3a d 1 ) lco o e u in Co n s n 1 Pr bl c e ba s s a e and f de alm alci pr e uton cl i s Se K i gs and v oba e aus r t t e r i ous os c i am . e n l . Ci o a , 8 F.d 1 2 ,1 4 ( 1hCi. 0 4 ( o n lw maiiusp o e u incam t fMimi 3 2 3 2 0 23 1 t r 2 0 ) c mmo a l o r s c to li y c rquiesûa e eofpr bl c us ); oom v Alerz 498Fe App' 8 875( t Ci. e r tbs nc oba e a e' Bl . v e e, d. x 67, 11h r 201 (e r malci pr e utoncli rquie ee nt ofc 2) fdeal i ous os c i am e rs lme s ommonl maii aw lcous pr ec in) He e Ofi rGr s ha pr eca et ma acusodi a t Thus he os uto . r , fce osman d obabl us o ke t al nrs. , a Li ut na Or i a e e il d t qua ii i m uniy. Se s i n ha no cl i f m alci nd e e nt tz r ntte o lfed m t ba t a s a m or i ous pr e uton unde eihe t FourhAm e os c i r t r he t ndmen orunderFl i lw. Thus Co t 3 a 11a e t orda a , un s nd r dim i s s s ed. Re ai ton t t la i count5 ) Se ta a g st thewasa r t d i r t lai n f a s ri hi rght .Howe r t basin r ue ha rese n e ai to or s e tng s i s ve , he o fc r ' u j ci itn in a dmo iain pa n r ei t ep o a l c us a ay i.S e fie s s be tve ne to s n tv to s ly o ol n h r b be a e n l ss e Sulian,532 U. a 771 7 He e Ofi erGr s n ha pr bl ca et tSe ta vi a e lv S. t - 2. r , fc os ma d oba e us ha basin olt d Se ton31 1 1,whihpe tedac t a ars.Se ta hasnots ci 6.89( ) c nnit usodil re t basin hown t ta t tme ha t he i ofhi a r t i wasc e ry e tbls d t tan a r ts s res, t l a l sa ihe ha res uppore by pr td obabl c us coul vi ae e a e d olt t Fis Ame he rt ndment SeeRec ev Howar ,566U. 658( . ihl . ds S. 2012) Thus ofi rGr s n . , fce osma a Liut na Ori a ee ild t qua ii i uniy. Seba ta ha no cli f Fis nd e e nt tz r ntte o lfed mm t si n s a m or r t Am e e r t i ton. Thus Count5 i di m i s ndm nt e ala i , s s s ed. e. Die tncUnlwf lAc s( rci a u t Count7) Se ta scli a ns Li ut ntOri f alege y diecl unlwf la t i basin' am gai t e ena tz or l dl r ty a u c s s pr mie on t a l d unde l ng unl wf s a c a a r s wiho pr e s d he lege ryi a ul e r h nd r e t t ut obabl ca e.Be us e us ca e t Cour fndst tt unde l ng a t we e lwf and t tLi ut na Ori a Ofie he t i ha he ryi c s r a ul ha e e nt tz nd fc r Gr s n a e e il d t qualfe i os ma r ntte o ii d mmuniy on t e cai ,Se ta alo hasno cli a i t t hos l ms basin s am gans Li t na Ori f rdieci unlwf acs Thus Count7 i dimi s eu e nt tz o r tng a ul t. , s s s ed. Excessi Force ve Theofies'us off c r ae t f ofSe ta scams ( )e s i us off c fc r e or e elts o our basin' li : 1 xce sve e ore a ns Li tna tOri a Ofie Doe;( s r s yla lt a i tLiutna Ori f gai t eue n tz nd fc r 2) upevior ibiiy gans e e nt tz or fiur t sopunlwf acs ()itntonali lci ofe i ldites a ns alf al e o t a ul t; 3 ne i nfiton motona sr s gai t l our ofier;a ( asa torbatr a i talf ofier.Defndant aguet tt f r fc s nd 4) s ul te y gans l our fc s e s r ha he oce a id wa demi mu Howe r a c i Seba tan' al ga i a tue a t Cou tmus pple s ni s. ve , c eptng si s le tons s r , s he r t a t m otont dim issage t Cour diag ee wih Def nt . t he i o s s t , he t s r s t enda s 1 . Se a ta Su pce t Ale e Exc sieUs o r e( nt ) b sin f in l lg s esv e fFo c Cou 4 y Att m o i t dimissa t Cour c nnotdim isSe tan' exc svef ce he ton o s s tge, he ta s s basi s es i or c am .t-heFourh Amendme ' fe dom fom unr s bl s a che a s z es l i tl t nts r e r ea ona e e r s nd eiur e om pa s t pl n rg t be fe fom t us ofe s i f c i t co s ofa a r t' nc s es he ai i ht o r e r he e xce sve or e n he ur e n res. ' Le , 4 F3 a 1 9 .Bu ,ço rhAme d n j rs r d n eh sl n rc g z dt a t e e 28 .d t 1 7 tç u t F n me t u ip u e c a o g e o nie h t h rg t makea a r s ori si at y sop nec s miy c ni swih i t rg t us s i ht o n r e t nve tg or t e s l a e t t he i ht o e ome d r ofphysca c r i ort ea t r oft e f ti.'Gr eg ee i l oe c on hr t he e o fec t' aham v Connon 490 U. 386, 6 . S. 39 ( 989) 1 . Se ta frta guest tt us ofany f c wasunl wf be us t a r s is l was basin is r ha he e or e a ul ca e he r e t te f unlwf .But be us t Cour fndst tt a r twaslwf l s edeg e off cewa a ul , ca e he t i ha he res a u , om r e or s pemit Se J k onv. s 206F. 11 11 11 ( 1h Ci. )(fpr bl c us r ted. e ac s Saul, 3d 56, 65, 71 1 t r 2000 i oba e a e - 14- f ars e ss sa r us off c pemit ;Duruty,351F. a 1 ( iema us de or re t xit, tndad e ore r ted) r h 3d t 094 polc y e mi mu f cewhe maki c t a a r tç e r es oft s ve iy oft al ge ofens ' ni s or n ng usodil res ' ga dl s he e rt r he le d f e' a e n i f c a idwa E nd ve f ore pple s t esay') Thus t opertveis i whehe t of r' unnec s r '. ,he ai sue s t r he fces c n u t so j cieyra o a eu d rtecru tn e .Se Vn r , 1F.da 1 4 o d c wa b e tv l e s n bl n e h ic msa c s e iya d 31 3 t 3 7 ( ne au tn e c si ef recam,so rsmu ta kwh t rar a o a l o fc rwo l whe v laig x e sv o c li ç u t s s ehe e s n b e fie ud c bele t tt sl loff r ei nec s m' i t st tona hand.'. ive ha hi eve o c s e s y n he iuai t ' ) Th Elve t Cic i rc g z st a atp c lar s iv l ss mef r ea dij r .S e e e nh rut e o nie h t y ia re t n ove o o c n n u y e Ro rgu zv Fa r l, 8 F.d 1 41 1 51( 1hCi. 00 ) W h t e a o fc r e e c sie d i e . rel 2 0 3 3 , 3 1 t r 2 2 . eh r n fie us d x e sv f cet nso anumbe off c or ,s h a dhes ve iy oft c i whe he t s pe t or ur n r a t s uc s t e rt t he rme, t r he us c pos d ani dit tle t a whehe t s pec g )r itngorteeng.Us off ce ell mme ae lra, nd t r he us t was essi l i e or mu tb j d e o ac s - y c s b ss' l v Ci o imi 1 F.d 1 4 ,1 4 ( 1h Ci. s e u g d n a eb -a e a i. d . t fM a , 21 3 4 2 4 6 1 t r 'Go y 1 9 )( u tn Po t7F.da 1 5 ) l e c s ief r ec s s é u lfe i nt a p is 9 7 q o ig s, 3 t 5 9 . n x e sv o c a e ,ç aiid mmu iy p le q unls a plcai oft sa r woul i via y lade r ras bl ofi e i ghe e s p i ton he tndad d ne tbl e ve y e ona e tc r n t dee an ofi rspostonlt concudet tt f r wa t a ul' Se Po t 7F.da 1 fnd t fce ' ii o l ha he oce s mlwf .' e s, 3 t 559. He e t s rt ofSe ta si r ton wa ve y mi .l d,s e ng i no a r , he eve iy basin' nfaci s r nor ndee pe di s t c i ei Fl i Furhe ,Se si n di notpos a i rm n orda. t r ba ta d e n mmedi et e ta wasnotr ssi or at hr a nd e itng fe i The e f c or pr s nt d i Se ta si vi c r tm sa esalwei i f vorofa l eng. s a t s e e e n basin' ndi dual icz t nc l gh n a l we pe m isbl us off c Se si a lgest tLiut na Ori orOfi e Doeus d o r r s i e e or e. ba tan le ha e e nt tz fc r e e esi f cebyeihe :( )pl i Se tani ha xc sve or t r 1 acng basi n ndcufst tweet tg ,or( plci f ha r oo iht 2) a ng Se ta i a t r as bas i n n n m e onabl hota unve ia ed polce c f a ext nde pe i y nd ntl t i ar or n e d r od. a. H a uf s ndc f A s pl de i t nm e d c pl i ,Se ta w asf r tr s r ne wih m et lha uf s ea d n he nde om a nt bas i n i s e tai d t a ndc f whenhewa r s emove fom hi ca .Healeg t tt handc f c of cic ai a c i o d r s r l es ha he uf s ut f r ulton nd ut nt hi s n.W hen hepr ese Liut na Ori orOfi e Doet d hi t tç kne ofawa t s ki ot t d, e e nt tz fc r ol m ha l he w y o - 15- ma t m tght .'Bef r Se ta waspl e i t polc c ,et rLiut nan Ori of ke he i er' o e basin ac d n he i e ar ihe e e t tz Ofi e Doer plce t me a ha uf swih plsi ç l xicufs' Se ta as t ha fc r e a d he t l ndc f t a tc t e - f . basin ked o ve f ' t m l e d bec us hebe n t l e f e i i hi ha . He r m aned i ha ufsf over he oos ne a e ga o os e lng n s nds e i n ndc f or fve ho s A sa r s t Se s i a l gest the s f sne ve dam age a pe m a ntl s of i ur . e ul, ba tan le ha uf er r nd r ne os s ns to t hi ha a wrssbec us oft na ur i whi h hewashandc f d. e ai n o s nds nd it a e he t e n c ufe Panf lha ufi wihoutmor doesno c tt ee e sve f cewhe et i u ndc fng, t e, t ons iut xc s i or r he r s ligij re aemi ma.Ciigtr ec s s Liu e n Ori a g st a Se a ta s e utn nu is r ni l tn h e a e , e tna t tz r ue h t b sin' ha ufi doe notrs t t lve ofe esi f c Se Gol 121F. 1 ( a i ndc tng s ie o he e l xc sve ore. e d, 3d 442 grntng qualfe i uniy whe eha ii d mm t r ndcufsappled t tghty f 20 mi es causng m i f i oo i l or nut , i norpai a n nd s n abr i )(mpha i a ki asons e ss dded) Rodrgue 280F. a 1 - ( antngquaiidi niy ; i z, 3d t 35153 gr i lfe mmu t d s ief c t tn u isc usdb t siga j r i gplitf sam wh n a pyngh n c fs ept a tha ij re a e y witn nd ek n anif r e p li a d u f a g a a e apr-xitn l#l. t a n c s i td2 s r e isa de e ta a uain o g r v td e e sig z zy h t e e st e 5 u g re n v nu l mp tt f r a o panifsa beo teeb w)(mp a i a d d ; lnv Ib l, 07F.d 1 5 ,1 5 5 ( 1h lit ' nn lw h lo e h ss d e ) No i . s el2 3 2 3 25 - 8 1 t f Ci.2000)( a i qualfe i r grntng iid mmuniywheeofie s t r fc r hovedpli ifi oca,pus dkneei o antf nt r he nt hi ba k, d hi hea a ns t va unco f t y s a c d hi gr n a ea a plce hi i s c hel s d gai t he n, m orabl e r he s oi r , nd a d m n ha ndcufs c i mi bruii (mpha i a ) f, ausng nor sng) e ss dded . Howe r t e c esa ee iy ditnguiha e Unlkei Gol a Noln,whe et ve , hes as r asl si s bl . i n d nd i r he pli if s f r d onl m i pai s n a a i ,a m i br sng, r Se sin al ge antfs ufe e y nor n, ki br sons nd nor uii he e, ba ta le s mu hmo es v r ij re - n r ed ma ea dp nna e l so s n aint hi ha d a d c r e e e n u is e v a g n e n ntos f e s to o s n s n mi t.C Bo s lav Pa k r No 1 - 2 9 2 3W L 3 5 8 , t* ( . F a J n 31 2 3 ss f rel . r e , . 1 1 4 , 01 7 4 0 a 4 M D. l. a . , 01 ) (r ntngqualfe i ga i iid mmuniy,buto ya t e de efie t s handc f c edmor t t nl fer vi nc ald o how ufs aus e han mi i ln u is (mp a i a d d .Andi Ro rgu z at o g ters ligij re wee nma ij re ) e h ss d e ) n d i e , lh u h h e utn n u is r ve y s ve e 25 s ge i and e nt lam put i - t c tcl ary di tngui he t c e, r e rur r es ve ua aton he our e l s i s d he as - 16- sa i t tt pli if sr e ebo slge y G a wha ot r s woul beac mon nont tng ha he antf ec nt l w tr r l de m t he wie d om e e sveh n c fn tc n q e(h to dnai wo l b p if l u c us mi i ln u y a xc s i a d ufi g e h i u ta r i rl u d e an u b t a e nma ij r ) y ma e v rt t a s ds v r ij r a dta i r s ls' 2 0F.d a 1 5 .Th s Ro rg e d e n u e ha c u e e e e n u y n r gc e ut. 8 3 t 3 1 u , d iu z o s ' n ts p o t u lfe i ni f rh n c fi e e wh r ir s t i sro sij re .Rah r o u p r q aiid mmu t o a d u fng v n ee t euls n e iu nu is te , y is p o t q ai e i mi f rh n c fi t a o dn rl wo l c u emii lij r , u t u p rs u lf d mmt t o a d u fng h t r iaiy ud a s nma nu y b t i y c u e s v r ij r b c u eo ap e e it c n iin. a s d e ee nu y e a s f r- xsi o dto ng Se sin' e es i f r ecli a ns Li ut na Ori a Ofi rDoei bas d on ba ta s xc sve o c am gai t e e nt tz nd tce s e teh nd u fn ij re .Be a eS ba ta alg st t es fr n r ed ma ea dpema n h a c fig n u is c us e sin le e ha h ufes e v a g n r ne t ls o s nsto t h sh n sa dwrssd et ha d u f , n s v r ij re r s li fo o s f e ain o i a d n it u o n c fi a d e e e n u is e u t r m ng ng ha ufi c n beabassf a e s i f cec am ,t Co tmus pe mi Count4 t ndc fng a i or n xce sve or l i he ur t r t o pr ee t dic r Li ut na Ori and Ofi e Doe a e fe t r a g t is a s ma y oc d o s ove y. e e nt tz fc r r r e o e r ue he s ue t um r j d me t t tebe ei o amo ec mpeefcua r c r , a t ulry wi r s e t o u g n wih h n ft f r o lt a t l e o d p ri a l t e p c t c h S b sin' alg d sv r ij re . e a ta s le e e e e nu isg Confne e i t PolceCa i m nt n he i r Asplade i t a e e d n he m nded c ompli ,onc Seba ta wa i i t polcec r Ofk e ant e si n s nsde he i a , t r Cr ke ,i t pr e eoft ot rofi r ,r ie a1t wi w s Ast t mpe aur r e,i oc r n he es nc he he fce s a s d 1 he ndo . he e r t e os t be meha de f Se ta t br a heand hea kedt ofi e st o n t doororwi ca r r or basin o e t s he fc r o pe he ndow. Ofi erCr ke r ld a r arwi fc oc r ole e ndow down oneort i hes bu r us d Seba tan' r s t wo nc , t ef e si s eque t o r li down f rhe . Se ta as a 1f of i r t r ldown t w i ol t u t r bas i n ked 1 our fce s o ol he ndow s butt y r us d. , he ef e Thea mende c pl ntdoesno s c f ho l Se si n wa i t polc c ri t e d om ai t pe iy w ong ba ta s n he ie a n hes c tons butc ondii , ouns li c t a o a a gume t ti wa l st n o hotr Se ta e ndi aed t r l r nt ha t s es ha ne l. basin alg sn lsi ij re rs ligfo teh a. le e o a t nu is e utn r m h e t ng 9Thecour notst a or a gum e , whenas d a t e hat t al r nt ke boutt r ifSe ta i s ki Se ta s he ele basin s ee ng, basin' c u s l i n t p cfc l me to a yme ia e p n c o a yp ysc lij re . o n e dd o s e iial nin n dc l x e ss r n h ia nu is y - 17- Al o g t o tc r ma h v e hiie p o j d me t tera to r ltdt t u h he fi es y a e x btd o r u g n ,h i cins eae o h Se ta s c bas i n' onûnem e i t c do notr s t t l ve ofexc s ve f c e pec a l nt n he ar i e o he e l es i or e, s i ly c nsdeigta Se a ta wa lwflyar se C Bo s la 2 3W L 3 5 8 , t* o i rn h t b sin s a ul retd. / r el, 01 740a 4 (o fn me ti h tc rf r3 miu e d e n t mo n t e c si f re . c n ie n n o a o 5 n ts o s o a u t o x e sve o c ) 2. Su r ioy Liblt rFa l et Stp Unlw l t ( un 7 pe vs r a ii yfo iur o o a fu Acs Co t ) Se si n' cai a i tLi utna Ori f alege y f lng t sop unlwf lacsi ba ta s l m gans e e nt tz or l dl aii o t a u t s pr m i e on Se s i n' ha ufi a c i e i t polc c r The e s i f ce e sd ba ta s ndc fng nd onfnem nt n he i e a . xce s ve or cli i b oug a ns Liut na Ori a Ofi e Doe l Ofi erDoei f md t bet am s r ht gai t e e nt tz nd fc r . f tc s ot o he of i rt ta t ly a i t ha uf s t scl m i br hti t a t r tve ag ns fce ha c ua l ppled he ndc f , hi ai s oug n he le na i ai t Li ut ntO ri i hi s r s y c pa iy. Spe fca l Seba ta a l es t tLi ut nan Or i e ena tz n s upe vi or a c t cii ly, s i n leg ha e e t tz f l t i er newhe Ofi e Doeplce Se ta i ha ufst twe et tghtandt n aied o nt ve n fc r a d basin n ndc f ha r oo i he plc hi i a unve iae c r çfapolc ofi e , t rs r s y ornot f isor a ed m n n ntl td a .$I i e tc r whe he upe vior , al r us t i e ve w hen a c tt i lvi a i .t kespl c i hi pr enc t of i e i ef es o nt r ne onsiutona ol ton. .a a e n s es e, he f c r s drcl la l u d rSe to 1 8 . S n e sv Ci o i nS igs 2 7F d Ap x, 6 , 6 ie ty ibe n e cin 9 3' a d r . t fun o prn , 0 e . p' 9 0 9 5 ' y ( 1hCi. 1 t r 2006) çl i notnec s ayt tapolceofie acualyparii ei t us of . çt s e s r ha i fc r t l tcpat n he e e es i f ce i or rt be he d la e unde s ton 1 xc s ve or n de o l i bl r ec i 983. A n of i rw ho i pr e a t fce s es nt t he s ne, nd who f ist t ker a ona ese t pr e tt vitm ofa herof rsus of ce a a l o a e s bl tps o ot c he c i not fce ' e e es i f ce c behel la ef hi nonf s nc ' Sk tc v Thor on,280 F. 1 xc sve or , an d ibl or s ea a e.' r ih . nt 3d 295, 1 ( 1hCi. 301 1 t r 2002) Be a eSe si s fce l algest undel ng e esi f ce . c us batan ufiinty le he ryi xc sve or c am , alo s fc e l al gest c r pondi s r ior cli agans Liut na Ori l i he s ufi i nty le he ores ng upe v s y a m i t e e nt tz. Thus Coun 7 w ilpr e t dicove y. , t l oc ed o s r A ssaul or Baterv( t t . Count ) 13 Se s i brngs a s a e 1 w a s ul orba t r c a m a ns al f ofi e s The c a m ba tan i tt a s a t te y l i gai t l our fc r . li a i tLi ut nan Or i a O f i rD oe i bas d on bo h t ha ga ns e e t tz nd fce s e t he ndcufi and t c i m e fng he onfne nt - 18- i t polc c r Thec am a i tOfi er Gr s a a Cr keri ba e s ey on t n he ie a . l i ga ns fc s os m n nd oc s s d ol l he c i m e i t polce c r Be a e t Cour fndst tSe s i sconfne e i t polce onfne nt n he i a . c us he ti ha ba tan' i m nt n he i c rdi notrs t a lve ofi r isbl f c i al ula r t Sebasi n hasno cli f a d ie o e l mpe m s i e or e n awf res, ta a m or a s ul orba t r aga ns Of i e sG r s an a Cr sa t te y i t f c r os m nd ocke . Thus Count 1 i di m i s d a r , 3 s s se s a i tOfi r Gr s gans fce s os man a Cr ke . Furhe ,Coun 1 asas e t a i tLiut na Ori nd oc r t r t 3 s red gans e e nt tz a dOfie Do i ds se wih u p eu ie wi la t r fl t ecam i saec u t n fc r e s imis d t o t rj dc , t e ve o eie h li n tt o r. h 4 . I e ina Ijlci no ntnt l n ito fEmoi n l srs ( un 1 ) o to a Dite s Co t 2 Seba tan brngsa sae 1w c am f ri entonali lc i ofe o i dites a ns si i tt a l i o nt i nfiton m tonal sr s gai t a 1f ofi r .çunde Fl i lw,t sae aca eofa ton f ri en i na i lci n of 1 our fce s t r orda a o t t us c i o nt to l nti to e i dites,acompli mus alegef ee s t1 delbeaeorr kl si lci motonal sr s ant t l our lment: () i rt ec es ntiton o me tls fe ig;2 o ta e u c n u t ( )t c n u tc u e t ee to l ite s a d f na u f rn () ur g o s o d c; 3 he o d c a s d h moina d sr s ; n ()t dsr s wa svee' ic u v C# o s Pam Be h No 0 - 09 , 0 W L 4 he ite s s e r .'Vle s . ' fWe t l ac , . 8 8 68 2 09 2 242604, t*5( D. a.J y27,2009)t ar J)( i fi ryMutI .Co.v St a S. Fl ul M ra, . quotng be t . ns . eadman, 968So. 592,594( a.Dit CtApp. 2d F1 s. . 2007). ) Defnda sa g t tt rco uc i e f t tng Se ta sa r s wa nots fcinty e nt r ue ha hei nd t n fecua i basin' r e t s ufi e l l r ous ' i pa tbec us t r a e no alega i t tSe s i s f r d a pe ne or ç age , n r out ' a e he e r l tons ha ba tan uf e e ny nna nt s v r ij re .Ho v r a wiht a s ut rb teycam,h scam a ans Ofies e ee n u is we e , s t he s a lo atr li ti li g i t fc r Gr s n and Cr ke i ba e s el on t c i men i t polcec r Be aus t Cour os ma oc r s s d ol y he onfne t n he i a . c e he t fndst tSe si n' c i ha ba ta s onfneme i t polc ca di no rs t al ve ofi pe s i ef c nt n he i e r d t ie o e l m nni sbl or e i alwf are t t c n a ul r s, he onducti nots fcen l toutage 't s s ufi i ty t r ous' o uppor acli f i e i l t a m or nt ntona i lc i ofe o i dite s Se sin ha no cai a i tOfi er Gr s n a Cr ke . nfiton m tonal sr s . ba ta s l m ga ns fc s os ma nd oc r Thus Count1 i dimis d asagans Ofi r Gr s , 2 s s se i t fce s os man a Cr ke .Furher Count1 a nd oc r t , 2 s a sre a an tLiue a tOri a dOfie Do i ds se wih u p eu ie wi la t se td g is e tn n t n fc r e s imis d t o t rj d c , t e ve o z h r ie t cl m i st e cour . efl he ai n at t - 1 9- C. Abs l eI out mmuniyBa sSe si n' Li lCli ( un 1 ) t r ba ta s be am Co t 4 Seba ta brngsalbe cai a i tOfi e Gr s n a Li ut ntOri alegi sin i i l l m ga ns fc r os ma nd e ena tz, l ng t tt y f l ii d i or ai c ai d i polcea a r s r t ha he a sfe nf m ton ont ne n i nd re t epors.TheFl i Su e Cour orda pr me t ha sae t tt c r lng f ct i de i ng wheherapublcempl e i a ol el i une s t td ha he ontoli a or n cdi t i oye s bs ut y mm fom a tonsf def ton i whe he t c r c i or ama i s t r he omm uni ai wa ma wihi t s c ton s de t n he copeoft he ofi e ' dutes Se C/.po imi .Wa do 4 S 2 41 41 ( 1 . 981; e as fc r s i . e r fM a v r lw, 03 o.d 4, 6 F a 1 ) s e lo . Stphe sv.Geo gan,7 So. 51 5 ( a.DitCtApp.1997)( ieofi r e n ghe Q2 2d 7, 21 Fl s. . polc tces a ol el i mefom lbe whe ecam wasr e i ofkild i ) Alhougha las one bs ut y mmt r i l r li ootd n t a utes. t te t c t s our has uggesed t tt 1w i War ow s d ber e m i a t whe he a ol e t ha he a n dl houl e- xa ned s o t r bs ut i nt s o l beaf r e t mi-e e a dlw-e e g v r me te ly e , e WWnl . mmu i h ud fo d d o d lv l n o lv l o e n n mpo e s s e tv y De 'o al a dRe a iiaieS r s, 7 S 2 4 7, 49( a Dit Ct Ap 1 9 )t h r p t fHe t n h b lttv e v .6 6 o. d 4 4 F1. s. . p. 9 6 s ap, h J,c uni ) War ow silc r s Se ta slbe cli i bas oni or tonc ai d . onc ng , dl tl ontol. basin' i l am s ed nf mai ont ne i t ofi r 'a r ta fdavi and ot r pors whih cea l ar dr t a pa toft ofi r ' n he fce s res fi t her e t, c l ry e afed s r he fce s of i dic e i r du i s Se si ha no cai f rlbe .Thus Count1 i dim is scal s r tona y te . ba tan s lm o i l , 4 s s s ed. D. Supe vi or Cl m s Agai tt C iy and C hi fLl r s y ai ns he t e anes Se ta brngst f de alcli sa t sa ecli a lgi s r ior la lt basin i wo e r am nd wo t t a ms le ng upe vs y ibiiy a i teihert CiyorChifLlnes Thefderlcai ae:( )f l et i siaeor gans t he t e a . e a l ms r 1 aiur o nvetg t ds iln Liue a tOri a ans t eCiy a ( )d p i ai no rg t f rfiu et p e e t icp ie e tn n t g i t h t; nd 2 e rv to f ih s o al r o r v n z Liutna Ori sf es a ea ea i tChi Llne .Thesaecamsar (1 r s e e nt tz' or ee bl bus gans ef a s tt li e: ) eponde at spe irla lt a i tt Ciy;a ( negi nts pe vsonorrtntona ns t Ciy. u ro ibiiy gans he t nd 2) lge u r ii ee i gai t he t Fe r Cl msAgai tt G @ andChifLl s( de al ai ns he e ane Count 8and9 s ) Se s i brngs one f r c ai e c a i tt Ciy and Chi Ll ne Fis , ba tan i ede al l m a h ga ns he t ef a s. r t Se s i n a l ge t tt Ciy m a nt ne a cus om orpr tc t tf ie t pr r y i s i at ba ta le s ha he t i ai d t ac i e ha a l d o ope l nve tg e ordicplneLiut na Ori ape s who t Ciyknows ors d know,r pe t dl vi aes si i e e nt tz, r on he t , houl e a e y olt - 20- c tz 'r g s Sec ii ens i ht . ond,Se ta alege t tChi Ll ne br ac d hi dut t pr t c bas i n l s ha ef a s e he s y o o e t Seba ta f o Li ut na Or i a pe s who Chi fLl nesknew ,ors d ha known, e s i n r m e e nt tz, r on e a houl ve pos d af e e bl rs t vi a eSe ta srght . Se ta cli t tdurng t c s of or s ea e i k o olt basi n' i s basin a ms ha i he our e Liut na Ori sempl ym e , heCiy a Chi Llnesbe a eawa e ors d ha e e nt tz' o nt t t nd ef a cm r , houl ve be om ea r ofi or ai i ca i t tLi utna Ori wasuna eorunwilngt f l w c wa e, nf m ton ndi tng ha e e nt tz bl li o olo or r a de rm e alpolc e and wa unftt s v i ac pa iy whe evi a i ofctz ns de s nd pa t nt ii s s i o er e n a c t r oltons iie ' rg t c ul o c r Ide d b t e t etmeLiue n Ori on dt ep ief rei 2 0 ih s o d c u . n e , ewe n h i e tna t t ie h ol o c n 0 4 zj c a Se ta sar tonJ y7,2015,Se ta alege t tLiutna Ori ha be ( )t nd basin' res ul basin l s ha e e nt tz d en: 1 he s be t fa la t2 ctz nc mpli t fldwi t Ciy ( )i v si ae b teCi sl tr a u j c o t e s 3 iie o ans i e t he t ; 2 n e tg td y h t nen l h y' Afar di so f usng e e svef cea f lng t c pl wih t Ciy' r l sa f is vii n or i xc s i or nd aii o om y t he t s u e nd r ultons ( i tgae byt Ciy' Ci la I tgai Pa lf rusnge si f c eg ai ; 3) nvesi td he t s viin nvesi tve ne o i xce sve ore; a ( plc ont Ci la I si tvePa lsmoniorngls ofofiesde tai a nd 4) a ed he viin nvetgai ne' t i it fc r monsrtng pa t r ofm i conduc . te n s t TheCiy a ChifLlnes s ea pl e f dim isng t s t f r lcai si t t t nd e a ' ol r m nt or s s i he e wo ede a l m s ha t u l ng cli a ns t i vi lofier a ei ufi i .Howe r t Cour fnds he nderyi a ms gai t he ndi dua fc s r ns fcent ve , he ti t tSe si n s t i nty a lgesFourh Am e ha ba ta ufk e l le t ndmentcli sf e s i f cea s r ior am or xce sve or nd upe v s y la lt agans Liut nan Ori Thus t de i tvec am sagans t Ciy a Chi Llnes ibiiy i t e e t tz. ,he rva i l i i t he t nd ef a c nnotbe dim is d on t tgr a s se ha ound.Acc ptng Se si n' a lgai nsmst u ,ast Cour mus e i ba ta s le to re he t t a t moton t dim issa ,Se ta hass fcenty sae cai sagans t Ciy a Chi f t he i o s s t ge basin uf i l t td l m i t he t nd e Ll si t rs pe vs y r e ove Li ut ntOri Thus t Cour m us pe mi Count 8 ane n hei u r ior ol s r e ena tz. , he t t r t s a 9 t pr e t dic y. nd o oce d o s over 2. Re po atSupe i ( s nde ror Count15 ) Se si n brngsa saet t ai f r s ba ta i tt or cl m or eponde s pe i a ns t Ciyba e on t at u ror gai t he t s d he ofi e s a l ge s a e t t . A s w ih t s a e 1 w cl i s f a s ul orba t r a i en i t c r ' le d t t or s t he t t a a m or s a t te y nd nt tonal - 21- itito o e to a dsrs , u t1 i d s s e wi u p eu ie wi la et r fl t nlcin f moi n l ite s Co n 5 s imis d t t rj dc , t e v o eie he ho h c a r i s a e co t l in n t t ur . Ne i ntReenton orSl rpe a ( glge t i ee i Count16 ) Se s i n br ngs a s a e t r cl i f ne i nts r s on aga ns t Ciy,alegi t t ba ta i t t o t a m or glge upe vi i i t he t l ng ha i f l d t s pe vi e Li ut na O ri know i t the ha a s g tc thi t y ofc m itng t aie o u r s e e nt tz, ng ha d i nii an s or om ti a t o sdet s c s uti he copeofhi empl ym e t twer a i a da r t ctze . s o nt ha e busve nd nge ous o ii ns % lgi e t rn o rtn inu d r o ialw 'lo f rr c v r a an ta e ly rfr s e lg n hiig r ee to n e Fl rd a alws o e o e y g is n mpo e o l a t ofan e oye c cs mpl e omm itd out i t s opea c s ofe pl e .' Beiaiev.Ci te sde he c nd our e m oym nt'' lz r t y o imi 9 4F. u p. d 1 4,1 4( D. a 201 )( r n , . (uoi Ga cav Dul fM a , 4 S p 2 20 21 S. Fl. 3 Mo e o J) q tng r i . fk, 492So.2d435, ( a. s.Ct App.1 ) Bu he e t c 438 F1 Dit . 986). t r ,he onduc Se ta compli of t basin ans o ure durng alw f a r ts cc r d i a ul res uppore by pr bl ca e.Cl a l t ofi r 'a tonswe e td oba e us e ry, he fce s c i r wel wihi t s opeofe pl e f polc ofi r .Se si n hasno cl m f neg i nt l t n he c m oym nt or ie fce s ba ta ai or lge r tnton ors r ii Thus Count1 i dim is d. ee i upe vson. , 6 s s se - 22- l . V C O N CL USI N O Ba e on t f eg ng,i i s d he or oi t s ORDERED AND ADJUDGED asf l : olows @ O f i rGr s a a O f i rCr fce os m n nd fce ocke ' m oton t dim i s i G R A NTED . rs i o s s s A l c a m sa ns O fi r Gr s an a Cr 1 l i gai t fce s os m nd ocke a e D I I rr SM SSED w ih t p eu ie rj dc . @ The Ciy a Chi fLl nes m o i t di m i si G R AN TED I PA R T t nd e a ' ton o s s s N a DENI I PART.Co n 1 i DI I ED wi u p eu ie nd ED N u t 5 s SM SS t t rj dc , ho w ih l ve t r fl i sa e cour . Count 1 i D I I t ea o e ie n t t t 6 s SM SSED w ih t p eu ie Co n s8a d9rman. rj dc . u t n e i @ Liut na Ori sm o i n t dim isi GRANTED I PART a e e nt tz' to o s s s N nd D EN I I PA RT . Co t 1 2,3,5,6,1 11and 1 a e D I I ED N un s , 0, 4 r SM SSED wihp eu ie Co ns1 a d 1 a eDI M I t rj dc . u t 2 n 3 r S SSED wi o t eu ie t u prj d c , h w ih l ve t r fl i s a e c t Count 4 a 7 r m ai t ea o e ie n t t our . s nd e n. Thus t r m a ni c a m s a e: , he e i ng l i r * Count4 a ns Liut na Ori a Ofi rDoe gai t e e nt tz nd fce ; * Count7 a ns Li ut na Or i gai t e e nt tz; @ Count8ag ns t Ciy;a ai t he t nd * Count9 ag ns Chi fLl nes ai t e a . D N A DO D R DiCabraMai li,iVV oSpm e21. O E N R E E n hm e t i , od ts fet br07 s m F rah e FED E A .M O N O ED STA TES D I STR I J G E CT UD Copi f ni he t es ur s d o: Couns ofRe d el cor 23- -

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