Doe et al v. Miami-Dade County et al, No. 1:2014cv23933 - Document 67 (S.D. Fla. 2015)
Court Description: ORDER denying 61 Plaintiffs' Motion for Relief from Judgment. Signed by Senior Judge Paul C. Huck on 6/23/2015. (swe)
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Doe et al v. Miami-Dade County et al Doc. 67 UNI TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT FOR THE SOUTH ERN DISTRI OF FLORI CT DA C as N o.1: 4- ve 1 c 23933PCH J HN D OE #1 J HN D O E #2, O ,O J HN D OE #3,a O nd FLO RI A CTI COM M I DA ON TTEE, N C. l , Pl ntf s ai i f , M I M I- A DE COU N TY ;FLO RI A D DA DEPA RTM EN T O F CORM CTI S ON SI N NY UK EN Y E,Ci c tA dm i s r t J r ui nit a or Fort M i m iCic tO fi e FLO RI A D EPA RTM EN T he a r ui t c , D O F CO RRECTI S, n hi of i a c pac t ON i s fci l a iy, D e e nt . f nda s O RDER DENYI M O TI N FOR RELI FROM JUDGM ENT NG O EF THI CAUSE i beor t Cour o Pl ntfs M oton f Releffo J me ( E. S s f e he t n ai if' i or i r m udg nt D. 61 . Th Co r h l o a ag me to temoin o J n 1 2 5. Th Cou th sc n iee ) e u t ed r l r u n n h to n u e 2, 01 e r a o sd rd temo in Dee da t imiDa eCo n y' rs o s ( E. 2 , n Pli tfs r py ( E. 4 , h to , fn n M a - d u t s e p n e D. 6 1 a d anif' e l D. 6 1 aswe la t pari 'or lar um e s Fort f l ng r as ,Pl ntfs moton i DEN I l s he tes a g nt . he olowi e ons ai if ' i s ED. 1 . BA CK G R O UN D Pli if J Doe numbes1tuoug 3s dM i - deCount (heCount)a t antfs ohn s r l h ue amiDa yt y nd he Fl i De rmentofCoreci (heFDOC)f alge c tt i lvi ai aii fo orda pa t r tons t or le d onsiutona oltons rsng r m t Count s La en Book Chid Saft Or na ,M I he y' ur l ey di nce AMIDADE COUNTY CODE j 21- e 277 / s q. w hi h pr bis c ct d s x of e r f om r i ng w ihi 2, e , c ohi t onvi e e f nde s r esdi t n 500 f t of a s hool ee c . Pl ntfs whoaec ceds xofe ss j c t t Book Or na sr i yr titon, ai if, r onvit e fnder ub e t o he di nce' esdenc esrci c ai e t t t or na e was unc tt i ly vague on is f ce a vi a e t Unie l m d ha he di nc onsiutona l t a nd ol t d he td S ae Co si to se po t a t ca s ,a dt a teCo ny' a dt eF tts n tt in' x sf co lu e n h t h u t s n h DOC' e f r e n o u S n o c me t f Dockets.Justia.com t or na e vi a e Pli if s t ntve due pr es rg s The Cour dimis d t s he di nc olt d antfs' ubsa i oc s i ht . t s s e he e camswi p eu ieo Ap i 3 201 ( E. 0 .OnAp i 2 ,2 5 Plitfsmo e f rr le li t rj d c n rl , 5 D. 6 j h rl 4 0l , an if v d o eif fo t Cou tsor purta t FedealRul ofCi lPr e e60( ( ) rm he r' der jlnt o r e vi oc dur b)1 . l termo inf rr le fo j d me t( E. 1 P an if ag eta t eCo r er di n h i to o eif r m u g n D. 61 , litfs r u h t h u t re n ds sig terc mpan wih p eudc ,be a e a c r ig t Pli t f- t e c u d h v imisn h i o li t t rj ie c us- c o dn o ani s h y o l a e f a e dt c m nde he ompl i t as e ta vibl asa i va nes c le 1 ( 1i if do no ant o s r a e - ppl t ed gue s halnge. P antfs c n etteCo r' ds sà o t ere sf coa ds b tn ied p o e scams) P an if o ts h u ts imis l f h i xpo t a t n u sa tv ue r c s li . litfs i c t t y woul bas t rpr pos a - ppled c le o t Count salege y a bir r ndia e he d e hei o ed s a i hal nge n he y' l dl r ta y e or e e a i e pr a i of t Book Or na e. As de c i d i t Cour' or r of nf c m nt nd nt r etton he di nc s rbe n he ts de dimis l Pl i if ha al ge t t i 201 poltca ofi i s fom M im iDa Publc s s a , antfs ve le d ha , n 3, ii l fcal r a - de i Sc o l a dteMimiDa eHo ls Tnztak dteCo nyP ieDe rme tor-lsiy h os n h a - b mees s s e h u t ol c pat n t eca sf t MimiBrdge,a eme ge y yout s le ,a a C c ' s jctt t Book Or na e' he a i n r nc h hetr s t hool' ube o he s di nc s r s de y r s rcton. The FD OC t evi e a oxi at y 50 pa ol d s x of e r f om t e i nc e t i i hen ct d ppr m el r e e f nde s r he Ri rPa k,a m o l home c ve r bie omm uniy s pa aed fom t M im iBrdge by t M im iRi r t e r t r he n i he a ve , butwihi 2, f etoft M im iBrdge ast c ow fis The Count i contas,opt d not t n 500 e he a i he r le . y, n r t e t e c t a oxi t l 50 s x ofe s who r m ane a t Ri r Pa k. The FDOC ha o vit he ppr ma ey e f nder e i d t he ve r s a r nty r co i r d is detnni ton, a has al wed a numbe of t c ced s x ppa e l e nsde e t e na i nd lo r he onvi t e of e r t ti e c e i 201 t r s a i h r i nc a t Ri rPa k. N o ne convi t d s x f nde s ha t vi t d n 3 o ee t bls esde e t he ve r w ce e 1As des i i deai i t Cour' or ofdimis ( E.601 Pl ntfs'counse crbed n t l n he ts der s s al D. , ai if l r epeat y conf r e t edl i m d hat Pl nt f s br ai i f ought t r vaguenes c l nge exc us vel hei s hal e l i y u e tet o yta t Boo Or na c sdei tonofaS c ol i v ju o isfc . nd r h he r h t he k di n e' fnii t ho ' s a e n t a e s ' Ther or t Cour eval t t s c l nge onl by r ewi t pl l l ef e, he t ua ed hi hale y evi ng he a n anguage of t or na he di nce. The C ouy hel t t or na l d hat he di nce' def ni i of a Ssc s i t on ' hool'as ia publ c ' $ i or pr vat ki r r e el ent y, m i e, or s i e nde ga t n, em ar ddl econdar s y chool'w as c i t w i h ' ons s ent t t pl n mea ng oft t m ,a t ef ewasnotvague on isf he ai ni he er nd her or t ace. Or ( E.60) der D. at 15-1 7. ofn esma lv tee i we e,b c u eata iin lsh o h ssnc o e e wihn 25 0 fe d r y ie h r,z v r e a s rdto a c o l a i e p n d ti ,0 o f e oft Ri rPa k. e t he ve r A st y di i t r r s he d n hei e pons s t Def nda s m o i t dim i s Pl ntf s a gue i t i e o e nt ' tons o s s , ai if r n he r mo in frr l ffo j dg n ta t e F to o ei r m u me t h t h DOC' Rie Pak e ito f re ma c n itd e S v r r vcins o c d ny o v ce s x ofende s i t hom el s s . Pl i if t m s ves how e r w e e notnm ong t e e c ed e f r no es ne s a ntf s he el , ve , r hos vi t fom t Ri rPa k orm a homels byt FDOC' aci .Acc di t Pl ntfs ame r he ve r de e s he S tons or ng o ai if ' nded c mpan ( E.2 1 J h Do /1wa i j i a te tmeo t eRie Pak e ito . Plitfs o lit D. 5 , o n e / s n al t h i f h v r r v ci n an if ale t t upon J Doe#1srl s fom j i,hi pr tonofie s se a a ndone lged ha, ohn ' eea e r al s obai fc r ugge td n ba d l ti Hi l ah asa r s denc l a i i com pla w ih t Book Or na . J Doe #2 w a o n ae e i y oc ton n i nce t he di nce ohn s e cedfom t Ri Pak ( f r t FDOC' e or menta ton)f f ii t payrnt a vit r he ver r be o e he S nf ce ci or alng o e , nd hasr e l m oved ba t t Ri r Par w ih hi pr t o of i r s a o l And J D oe ec nty ck o he ve k, t s oba i n fce ' ppr va . ohn #3,lke J D oe #1,ne r lved i t Ri r Pa k;r t ,hi Sho ec es l ndl d e c e hi i ohn ve i n he ve r a her s r r t a or vi t d m f f lng t pa r nt or aii o y e . Pl ntf s howe r c ai t t t Count s a t FD O C' pror i onss e ai i f , ve , l m ha he y' nd he S i nc i t nt e or m en of t Book Or nanc c nf ce t he di e, oupl d w ih t or na e' vag nes ,has l tt e t he di nc s ue s ef hem i n co t ntf rand doubtaboutw he e t y m a orm a no r i Pl ntf s cl i t tJ hn D oe ns a ea r he y y t es de. ai if a m ha o /2 i a r i t t a a m om e ,t Count m a a n r ve s c s on w he he t M i m i / s f a d ha , t ny nt he y y gai e r e our e t r he a Brdge i a d c i s t hool'under t Book Or na e a e c hi f om t Ri Pa k. Pl i if s ' he di nc nd vi t m r he ver r a ntf s alo cl m t J s ai hat ohn D oe /1 a #3,t s / nd houg t y do no lve att Ri r Pa k,a e conc m e h he ti he ve r r e d t t y m a ac i aly m ove i o a r i nc w ihi 2, f tofa S t r i ed tona hat he y c dent l nt es de e t n 500 ee n t e natve uca i l al pr a ' sm ia t t M i m i Brdge. Pl i i f c e t t be us Count polc ake s ogr m ' i l r o he a i a ntf s ont nd ha , ca e y i ym r r t i c i r bl di c e i on w he hert c a s f s h pr a s a S chool ' unde t Boo e a n ons de a e s r ton t o l s iy uc ogr m s t s s' r he k O r na ,i i lkel t t Count coul r c as iy a one ofm a s h f ciii i M i m i di nce t s i y hat he y d e- l s f ny ny uc a ltes n a - 3 Da e Co n y a a S c o l s b e t t t e o dia c ' r sd n y rsrcin,a d e it o d u t s t h o ' u j c o h r n n es e ie c e tito n vc r s ' pr e ut c os c e onvi t s x of e c ed e f nder lvi w ihi t vi i t Pl ntf s ur t t a de l r t r s i ng t n he c niy. ai if ge ha caao y j d me tfo ti Co rz n wh t rs c ç len tve e u ain lp o r ms'ae t c o l' u g n r m h s u to ehe u h s tr ai d c to a r g a ' r s h o s' a s w ihi t m e ni of t Book Or na t n he a ng he di nce wo d a s ge t i f r of pot n i l f ur ul s ua her ea s e ta m e pr e uton ore c i .2 os c i vi t on Il . A NA LY SIS A.Rul 60( ( does notpermi Pl ntf st r e b) 1) t ai if o eopen a j udgment t rai a o se cl m that they coul have pursued w hi e thi case w as pendi ai d l s ng. Pli tfs s ek r onsder ton oft Co tsor dim isng t i Am e d Compl i a n if e ec i a i he ur ' der s s i he r nde ant wi p eudc u d rFe ea Rul o Ci i P o e u e6 ( )1 .Ru e6 ( )1 p o i e t a Ch t rj ie n e d r l e f vl r c d r 0 b ( ) l 0 b ( ) r v d s h t l e h t c u tma rle ea p ry o islg l e rs n aiefo a fn l u g n , r e ,o p o e d n o r y eiv a t r t e a r p e e ttv r m i a j d me t o d r r r c e i g f ...mitke,i dvetnc s ie,or e us bl neglct' FED.R.C1 P.60( ( ) or sa na re e, umrs xc a e e . ' V. b)1. A lho h not e y Ci c t Co ' of A ppe a r ty a e s 3 t e El vent Cic t ha hel t ug ver r ui ul t al ppa en l gr e , h e h r ui s d t a éth S sa e 'o j d e ma b rme id u d rt sp o iin. Pa k v US L4?a d h t t j e mitk s f u g s y e e d e n e hi r vso ' ra . . / n g ' Cr diCor ,677F. 8 839( 1hCi.1 ( tton omitd) e t p. 2d 38, 1 t r 982) ciai te .Howe r khedititco t ve,û src ur t 2 M os of Pl nt f s' a gum e s conce n t ef ect of D ef nda s' e or ent of t t ai i f r nt r he f s e nt nf cem he B ook O r na di nce on ot r convi t s of ender Pl nt f s m ot on r f enc t 50 he c ed ex f s. ai i f ' i e er es he i vi ndi dual t t FD O C evi ed f om t R i r Pa k,t 98 convi t s of ender s hat he ct r he ve r he c ed ex f s orgi ly lvi at t Ri Par t 11 of e r t t t FDO C has per it t i na l i ng he ver k, he f nde s ha he m ted o r t n t t Ri r Pa k,t unknow n num ber of of ender w ho di not lve att R i e ur o he ve r he f s d i he ver Par dur ng t FD O C ' e ct on, but r i t e now , a t ir k i he S vi i es de her nd he s oughl 170 cover y ed i vi s who unwit/gl r i a cur enty- ove l tons wihi 2, f t of ndi dual ti y es de t r l appr d oca i t n 500 ee M i i D ade' near y f dozen al e na i educat onalpr am s ....( See Pl . M t am s l our t r t ve i ogr t s ' n. ( E.61 at 8-1 The Cour,however declnes t c i t Book Or na s D. 1 0. t , i o onsder he di nce' pur t d ef ect on non- r i ,as f t des i bel . por e f s pa t es ur her cr bed ow 3 The Fi t C i t f exa e,has e es d s i s on whet r Rul 60( (1 rs rcui , or mpl xpr se keptcim he e b) ) a i st t lga S sa e' aj dg S e Sik v S dov ,43 F. 1 ,1 -6 pple o he e l t t k 'of u e. e l . an al 5 2d 266 267 8 mi (1 tCi.1 s r 971)($ eneiherunde sand t bassf t si er etton,nors :W t r t he i or hi nt pr ai ympahi t ze w i h i . I t c t m ef y w r t t f he our el ongl de des a poi of l w ,t t i not lnadve t y ci nt a ha s i r ence, s r rs ,o e usbl n jlc .' . Ofc s ,i adsrc c ur wr gl de i sac s , u p ie r xc a e e e t'' ) oure f itit o t on y cde a e t l ng part has t rl t appeal he osi y he ght o . 4 i no r uie t g a r le unl s t l aleror i obvi . Chambe s v.Fl i Par e s t eq r d o r nt ei f es he eg r s ous' ' r orda ol Comm ' 257F.App' 258,259 ( 1h Ci.2007)(ii Fack manv.Bel,5 F. 734,736 n, x 1t r ctng el l 64 2d (t Ci.1 ) 5h r 977). ThoughRul 60( ( )i t lga ba i f Pl ntfs moi f r i ,Pli if do not e b)1 s he e l ss or ai if' ton or elef antfs quo e t Rul , and cie no pr e t he e t ec dent a yi i i a a l us c e. I t d, des t ppl ng t n n na ogo as ns ea pie c e ngt tSgl ei noRul l motonbef et Cour,'Pli if r ylr l onFe rl onc di ha kther s e 5 i or he t' antfs el agey dea Rul ofCi lPr dur 15()2)t s e vi oce e a( o uppor t ragume .Pli if s e t bea g ngt tt thei r nt antfs e m o r ui ha he Cour ' pur t d S it ke' w a m ade by f ii t û r l ' pe m i t a e e of t i ts pore i s a ' s m a lng o û ee y' r t he m ndm nt f he r c antasdie td by Rul 1 Se FED. CI P.1 a( .Rul 15,howe r S ispli ompli rce e 5. e R. V. 5()2) e ve ,k t an by ln ua e g v r a n me to pla igsbf r j dg n i e trd'i h s n a pl ain a g g , o ens me d n f e dn eo e u me t s n ee , t a o p i to c atrj d me ti e trd. J c sv T mpu - dcI t,I c,6 6 F.d 1 2 ,1 4 ( 1h Ci. je u g n s n ee ' a ob . e rpe i n ' n . 2 3 3 7 3 4 1 t r ' l 2 0 . Rah r apo t u g n Rue6 ( )1 mo in p e iae o aj dg ' C sa e' a e a 01 ) t e, s- d me t l 0 b ( ) to rdc td n u es t tk 'fc s j mi m uch hi rba t n a Rul 1 r que tf l a t a e ghe r ha e 5 e s or e ve o m nd: The e i a hort t t wher a di ti t c t m i t ke w as ç e r r s ut iy ha e sr c our ' s a s i a cl on t r c d' a i ve a l a n miconsnz ton' oft l w he e or ' nd nvol d s i pl s t c i ' he a a t er nd he r oneousa i ton oft t1 w t t f c s t t om pe lng pplca i ha a o he a t , t c li polci of ba i f r s a e t r feced by 60( ' ma i es sc aine s nd quiy el t b)' ' y ma daen n me t ot o fr is u g n t t elw. n t me d n t s n o m t j d me t o h a ' c ' Nisonv Lund 975 F. 802,806 ( 1h Ci.1 ( i Compt v.AlonStams p Co. s . y 2d 1 t r 992) quotng on t e hi , 608F. 96,1 ( h Ci.1 ) 2d 04 4t r 979). Plitfsc n e dt a teCo r c mmi e alg ld sa e'usiyngr l fu d rRul anif o tn h t h u t o t d e a t tk 'j tf i ei n e e t mi e 60( ()bydimisngt ra ndedc antwihprj c Pl ntfsaguet tt Cour' b) 1 s si hei me ompli t eudie. ai if r ha he ts dimis s dha bee wihoutprj c a Pl ntfsbeivet tt yc dha a nde s sal houl ve n' t eudie, s ai if le ha he oul ve me d t i f i vag he r ac al uene s c le t s a e a vi bl cl i t D e enda s e or m e oft Book s ha l nge o t t a e a m hat f nt ' nf ce nt he Or nanc i unc tt i di e s ons iutonalas a i d t t m . Pl i i f ,how e r ha not i ntfe a pple o he a ntf s ve , ve de ii d ny l ga m i t e l sake i t or r of di m i s t t w as S l a o t r cor ' and a ç ai n he de s s al ha ç e z n he e d' c s n pl 5 mic tuc i 'oft l s onsr ton' he aw. I t a Pl ntfs a gue t t t Cour e r d by f ii t gr nt nse d, ai if r ha he t re a lng o a t m r le t tt y ne rr sed whie t s c e wa o n a pe ng,Pl ntfs ne r he ei f ha he ve eque t l hi as s pe nd ndi ai if ve r s a as a i d vague s c a m ,a i f tr pe e y c i m e t tt wer e us ve y aied n - pple nes l i nd n ac e at dl onfr d ha hey e xcl i l r iiga fca v g e e scam.Se Pl. Re p. D. 40 a 2. Plitfso f rn e p a ain asn a il a u n s li e s, s ( E. 1 t 4 an if fe o x ln to f t r f iur t pr vi l a gue a as apple c a m ,o he t s a i t t ( or hei a l e o e ous y r n - i d l i t r han t tng ha ç e e Co t supr m ur pr e nts sld)t tfcilc le ec de uggete ha a a halnges ma be br y oughta ns c i na sauts' Pl. gai t rmi l tt e .' s' M t . ( E.61 a 3. I o he wor , Pl ntf s pr ous r la on a f i lvag ne s t or n D. ac a ue s he y ) t 5 n t r ds ai if ' evi e ince a p a st b t rs l o t ec n iee j d me to Plitfs c u s lta afca c aln e p e r o e he e ut f h o sd r d u g n f anif' o n e h t a il h le g a one w a m or lke y t s c ed t a c le i l ng a as a i d t or l s e i l o uc e han ha l nge nc udi n - pple he y. Howe r Pl i if de son t f eg a aval bl lgalt or whie t r c e was ve , antfs' cii o or o n ia e e he y l hei as pe ngdoe notpr deaba i f r i unde Rul 60( ( ) I f tt El nt Cicuihas ndi s ovi ' ss or elef r e b)1. n ac, he eve h r t rpeae yhedt tadititco tdoesnota eisdiceto i de ng aRul 60( moto e tdl l ha src ur bus t sr in n nyi e b) in d e t j d me to o d rfo wh c temo a ts e srle wa e trd a ar s to t e i n he u g n r r e r m ih h v n e k eif s n ee s eul f h wh m o nts c c t r y on a uns c s ull lt y.' M ar a v Unie St e 679 F. va ' hoi e o el n uc es f ega heor ' adi ga . t d at s, 3d 1 1 4 ( 1h Ci.201 ( t i omitd) I Al 286, 29 1 t r 2) ciaton te . n dana v De Mont Frs Pr e NA. . l e e h oduc , l c,7 F.d 1 49 1 5 ( 1h Ci.2 4 ,f r e a l,t Elv nh Cic i rj ce a n . 41 3 3 , 3 7 1 t r 01 ) o x mp e he e e t r ut ee td pl ntf sr que tt r ope a c s t a s r a l ga t or t tt pl ntf co d ha pr vi l ai if e s o e n a e o s e t e l he y ha he ai if ul ve e ousy 4 I de , Pl nt f s' couns i i t on as er i a f i vaguenes chal e n ed ai i f el ns s ed s t ng ac al s l nge des t pi e t Cour' r peatd obs vai t tt rl t y appear t be as a i See he ts e e ir ton ha hei egal heor ed o - ppled. Or lAr Tr a 5:-1 ( a g. . t 5 2 THE COURT:...C W l a c nc r me i t tyo vet own s h t o e ns g s ha u' hr a 1 of i s out t e t a en' a opr at i a f ci c l nge t t s or nance . ot s ues her hat r t ppr i e n a al hal e o hi di ( PLAI FFS) No,your honor we sae ver cl ry i our pl ngs t t our NTI : , tt y ea l n eadi ha va ue s a e po t ac o c le e a e f c a c le e ....) g ne s nd x s f t ha lng s r a i l hal ng s '. ' . . 5The Supr eme Cour pr t ecede cied by Pl ntfs i Ciy o Chi nt t ai if s t f cago v.Mor e i als, n w hi h a pl a i y of t Cour f c ur l t he t ound t C hi hat cago' cr m i l t i or na s i nal oi er ng di nce w as s j tt a f ci chalenge f vaguenes . 527 U. 41,55 (1 . M or e doesnot ub ec o a al l or s S. 999) als s at t t a pl nt f c l ngi a c i i t e ha ai i f hal e ng r m nal or na di nce i r s equi ed t r s a f ci r o ai e a al vagueness cl m . ai 6 he ai if te ed o ea i o s s 0 r ie butdi notr ie. I Al as d, d a s n dana,t pl ntfs a tm pt t def ta moton t dim is f r f r m n n c n e in b iiil a g n t tt e fr inj rs ito u g d b te d fn a t o u o o v ne s y ntal ruig ha h o eg u idcin r e y h ee d n s y w a i de t 1 A fe f lng on t r i tali dequa ar e ,t pl i if m ove f s na qua e. d. t r aii hei nii na cy gum nt he a ntf s d or s ha he or gn onz l e r i fom j me unde Rul 60( ( , on te basi t tt f ei f m w asunavaiabl elef r udg nt r e b)6)6 h . l TheElv nhCic i c aa trz dteplitfs p t u g n rs r t ane lg lte r d e e t rut h r ce ie h an if ' os- d me t e o t o w e a h o y j as k m es ans p,' he d t tt pl ntf s we e note il d t r le unde Rul 60,be aus ' ga m hi ' and l ha he ai i f r ntte o e i f r e c e t e h dn t e iu l rie teru a ia ii te r , n h d o frd n j siiainf rt e h y a o prvo sy as d h i n valb ly h o y a d a fee o u tfc to o h t o r iht 1 ve sg . d. l ToolBo I .v Ogden Cf Cor ,4l F.d 1 4,1 5-8 ( 0t Ci.2005) t n x, nc . r p. 9 3 08 08 6 1 h r y , he Te h Cicui a id t s m e prnc pl i a c e i whih t pli if lke Pli if he e nt r t pple he a i i es n as n c he antf, i a ntfs r , s g tr le fo aj d me trj ci g af ca v g e e sc aln et p e d a n w a -p le ou h eif r m u g n ee tn a il a u n s h l g o la e sa pid e c le ha lnge. l ToolBo t pl ntf i ta l r ied a f cil Fis Am e e c le t a n x, he ai if niily a s a a rt ndm nt hal nge o ' . ct spr e tve c na s whih had pr bie t pl i iffom ope ng anude- ncng cub. iy' ot c i ove nt , c ohi t d he antf r ni da i l A n e banc pa l of t Te h Cicui hel t t t or na e w a not on is f c n ne he nt r t d ha he di nc s , t a e, unc tt i na . I Folow i t Te h Cicui' e banc r lng,t pl ntf m ov i di ti t ons iuto l d l ng he nt r t s n u i he ai if ed n sr c c u t o r l ffo j d me tu d rRue6 () a df rla et a n i c mpan u e Rue o r f r ei r m u g n n e l 0b , n o e v o me d t o lit nd r l e s ,' l a,t a sr a t e ily mert i a -pple chalnge' I a 1 6. I afimi t 5() o se t s ntal pot iorous sa id le .' d t 08 n fr ng he diti t cour' de a of t moton, t Te h Cic t no e t t t pl ntf S d e r src ts ni l he i he nt r ui t d ha he ai if é ha ve y opporuniy t pur ue an as a i c le durng t m e is pr edi ,butc e nott do t t o s - ppled ha l nge i he r t oce ngs hos o s i d,i a ke t di t i tco tnott cons de s h a cha l ng ' 1 a 1 o; ndee t s d he sr c ur o i r uc le e.' d t 089. The c t our 6Rte60b)6 i ac th-l p ovso t tpr vie frr c nsd r ton f S n!ote l ( () s ac al r iin ha o d s o e o ie ai or t l a hr r a on t tj tfe r le . W hie t e sa da d a ple t Rul 60 b ( ) mo l ns i e s ha usii s e if' ' l h tn r p id o e ( )6 to s dif e fom t Rul 60( ( sandar Al fer nt r he e b) 1) t d, dana bas is decii on t pl ntfs' ed t son he ai if f i ur t r s a ava l e t a l e o ai e n i abl heor w hie t ca w as pendi r her t n t s y l he se ng, at ha he peci i fc Rul 60( ( sa r f r i . e b)6) tnda d or elef c n ld d t a,dto ti r a o ,To lBo d d n te tbih mitk o s prs u d r Rul o cu e h t tl r h s e s n o x i o sa l g s sa e r u ie n e e 60( ( )' I .a 1089n. (iai o te . b)1.' d t 3 cttons mitdl? Pli if ,howe r ur e t Co tt f l t Supr antf s ve , g he ur o olow he eme Cour' de son i Foman v ts cii n . Davs 371U. 1 ( 962) I Foman,t Suprme Cour hed t a dititc ter i i, S. 78 1 . n he e t l hat src our red n d n i g apanifsmoi n t v c t aj d me ti o d rt a nd h rc mp an t a s r a e y n litf' to o a ae u g n n r e o me e o lit o se t n ale natv l ga t r I a 1 Foman i ditnguihabl W hie note i il sa e i t tr i e e l heo y. d t 80. s si s e. l xplcty tt d n he Supr m e Cour ' or r i a e ts de , t ppea s t t t di t i t cour ' i tal di m i s l of t pl i if s r ha he s rc t s nii s sa he a ntf c mpan i Fo n wa wi u p eu c ;te eo e t e is i t tc s wa wh t e t o lit n ma s t t rj die h r f r , h sue n ha a e s eh r he ho dititcou ts d ha gr nt d la t a e unde Rul 1 Se i a 1 src r houl ve a e e ve o m nd r e 5. e d. t 79. I e t nde d, he SuprmeCour ba e isr lng on Fe rlRul ofCi lPr dur 1 a ' a e t s d t ui dea e vi oce e 5()s dmonihme t t s nt ha c t s d feel grntl vet a nd.1 a 18 Ba e on t txtofRul 1 a,t Cour ours houl r y a ea o me d t 2. s d he e e 5() he t i Foman ea aed t muc ctd r e t t kgl t a e e of a a r tor de ae n lbort he h-ie ul ha sin he bs nc ny ppaen clrd r as ...t la s e on he e ve oughts d,ast r e r quie,be çr l gi n.' 1 He e,howe r houl he ul s e r feey ve '' d. r ve , be aus Pl nif ne rmove t a ndt i c ai t Rul 1 a sandad i i pplca e, c e aitfs ve d o me her ompl nt he e 5() t r s na i bl ' y . aspr vi l dic s Jacob 626 F. a 1 e ousy s us ed. s, 3d t 344. Fu t r Foman al o s at d t t C he gr ntor de a of a o r he , s t e ha d t a ni l n pporuniy t a e i wihi t t o m nd s t n t di c e i oft D i ti tCour ....' Fom an 371 U . a 1 he s r ton he s r c t ' , S. t 82. And de i i ns bot pr -a c so h e nd pos- tng Foman ha m a cea t ta dititc ti wel wihi isdi c e i i den ng a tda i ve de l r ha src our s l t n t s r ton n yi z ' moi frrle fom j ton o eif r udgmentba e on a ltg tsf l e t riean avalbl lga t r sd iian ' aiur o as ia e e l heo y durng t pendency of a case. Her lke t pl ntff i Tool i he e, i he ai i s n box and Al dana, Pl ntf s ai if 1 The Tent C i cui ' r ol i of t Tool h r t s es ut on he box pl nt f ' m ot on f r i f om ai i f s i or elef r j g n uli t l r sç on t e pli tf' f iur t fl t e mo i wihi t o e ud me t tma ey e t d h a n ifs a l e o ie h ton t n he n yea tm e lm i s by Rùl 60. f a 1088-89. The Te h Cicui' obs vaton on t r i i t et e #. t nt r t s er i he m er t of t ToolBox pl nt f ' Rul 60 m ot on, how ever i c i t nt w ih El is he ai i f s e i , s ons s e t event h Ci cui pr r t ecedent and f l r e uly el vantt Pl nt f s m ot on f r i . o ai i f ' i or el ef de i r t l elc e t purue asngl l ga t or t tuli t l pr d uns e s ul Pli if lbe a ey e t d o s i e e l he y ha tma ey ove ucc s f . a ntfs now move f r consde a i s ey on t basst ta asa i vague st or t y c d or e i r ton oll he i ha n - ppled nes he y he oul ha r s d prvi l mihtla t abetrr s tno ve aie e ousy g e d o te eul w.Howe r kll r mus bea e t ve , ûthee t n nd o ltga i s m e day,a fee c c ae a delber t c ce a e nott be r ive fom . ii ton o nd r , alul td nd i ae hoi s r o ele d r ' ' Parç,677 F. a 8 ( tngAc r l s 2d t 41 quoi ke mann v.Unie St e 340 U. 1 1 ( 950). As td ats, S. 93, 98 1 ) rpe tdl c ime by t Elvenh Cic t (gl i nota abus ofdicrton f t ditit e ae y onfr d he e t r ui, sit s n e s ei or he src c tt denyamoi underRul 60( whe t tmotoni prmie uponanagume t tt our o ton e b) n ha i s e s d r ntha he mo a t o l h ve b t dn ta va c beo et ed src c u t ne e j d me t' Ma a ig , v n c ud a , u di o , d n e f r h itit o r e trd u g n . r da a ' 679 F. a 1 4. 3d t 29 l s r,t Cour c ude t tRul 60( ( )pr de nobassf Pli if t obti n ho t he t oncl s ha e b)1 ovi s i or antfs o an rl f fo te Co r' j d me t d s si t er a nd d c mpan wih p eu ie Th ei r m h u ts u g n imisng h i me e o lit t rj dc . e e Cour' f l e t pe tPl ntfs t f t a ts aiur o nui ai if o urher mend t i a e her m nded compl i ,whe Pl ntfs ant n ai if c d ha r quesed butdi notr oul ve e t d eque ta e s m ndm e ,i no a l galk i t ke ' ha i ' l a on t nt s t e d s a ' t t s k e r he m c r c r 'o t a iv le at anmic n tu to o t lw, s ha wo l j siyt er le ta e o d' r h t n ov d d i s o sr cin f he a ' uc s u d u tf h eif h t pl ' Pl ntfss e SeeNis 975 F. a 806 (iai omitd) Theefr ,Rul 60 doe not ai if e k. s on, 2d t ctton te . r o e e s a y. Eve i Rul 60 pr de a l aly vibl r e by whi Pl ntfs c d obt i r i ppl n f e bvi d eg l a e out ch ai if oul an elef fo te Co r' ds sa o tera n e c mplitwih p eu ie i wo l b wi i t e r m h u ts imis l f h i me d d o an t rj d c , t ud e t n h h Cour' dic e i whet rt g a s h r i . Foman,83 S.Ct a 230. Bas on t r c d ts s r ton he o r nt uc elef .t ed he e or be or i, heCo t o d note r s isdic e i i f vorofgr ntng Pl i if 'moto f e tt ur w ul xe cie t s r ton n a a i antfs in. B . Pl nt f canuot state a vi e as-appl ed chalenge. ai i fs abl i l Des t ha ng t di cr ton, a e r i i i, t de Pl i if m oton f t pie vi he s e i nd xe c s ng t o ny a ntf s' i or he pr dur l r s oce a ea ons de c i a s rbed bove,t Cour neve t e s w il brety add es t m e is of he t rhel s l il r s he r t Pl i if ' as a i cl m . Pl ntf s cont nd t t t Coul er e i c l ng t t a a ntf s - ppled ai ai i f e ha he ' r d n onc udi ha ny t 9 a e m ndme of t i e si cli s woul ha be n f tl tle ve t a nt he r xitng am d ve e u ie. dw a o mend a c ompl i i ant s f ie whe t c utl n he ompli a ame d woul sil be pr ry dim is d or be i me ael a nt s nde d tl ope l s s e m di t y s b e tt s mmayj d me tf rt ed fn a t'Co k elv S r s 51 F.d 1 07 1 1 ( 1h u j c o u r u g n o h ee d n . c r l . pa k , 0 3 3 , 3 0 1 t ' Ci. )(iai omitd) n ot rwor ,frPli if t pr i on t rco e i t tt r 2007 ctton te .I he ds o antfs o eval hei ntnton ha he Co r ma ea t sa e'n dimisn tera nd d c mplitwih p eu ie P an if wo l u t d t tk 'i s s ig h i me e o an t rj dc , litfs u d mi h v t s o t a t e c h sae a a -p le cam ta wo l n tbe s b e tt i dit a e o h w h t h y a tt n sa p id li h t ud o u jc o mme ae dimi s l The Cour,howe r c l s t t Pl i if 'pr e a - pple c am wo d be s sa. t ve , onc ude ha antfs opos d s a id l i ul s be tt i daedimis l b c u e Plitfsh v f i d t p e e tac s o c n r v ry u j c o mme it s sa, e a s an if a e al o r s n a e r o to es e t ti rpe f r ew underAr i e 1 1oft U nie St t s Cons iuto ha s i or evi tcl 1 he t d a e tt i n. ûRi nes doc r ne orgi t f om t Cons iuton' A r i e ll r qui e en t t t t pe s ti i na es r he tt i s tcl I e r m t ha he j rs ito o tef d rlc u t b lmie t a t a c s so c nr v ris' Ha rsv M e ia u idcin f h e ea o rs e i td o cu l a e r o to ese . r i . x c n ' S cal Foods l ,564F. 1 ,13 ( 1h Ci.2009 (iai puncuai o te .$ pe i t y , nc. 3d 301 08 1 t r ) ctton, t ton mitd) 1 A cam i no rp f ra j dc to i i r ssu n c ni e tf tr e e t ta ma n to c ra li s t ie o d u iain f t e t po o t n uu e v ns h t y o c u s ng 1 a tcp td o id e ma o o c ra al' T x sv Unie St e ,5 U. 296,300 ( 998) n iiae , r n e d /n t c u t l. e a . td ats 23 S. ' (iai omit . Of pa tc a r e e t Pli if ' as- ppled t r i t Elvent ctton ted) riulr elvanc o antf s a i heo y s he e h Cic ts obs r ai t t ll e aus t queton ofrpe s depe on t tmi oft rui' e v ton ha, sblc e he si i ne s nds he i ng he a j c ton ofapa tc a is ... i apple difrnty t fca and asa id chalnge .' dudiai riulr sue , t is fee l o a il -pple le s' Har i,564F. a 1 ( iai omit .Theef e whieaf i c le maybers ve rs 3d t 308 Jtton ted) r or , l acal halnge e ol d as a pur quesi ofl ,Pl i if a - pple t or i c s r l r r t de l e ofa e ton aw a ntf s' s a i d he y é es a iy equies he ve opm nt ne fcualrcor f t c tt c i r' 1 (iai omitd) a t e d or he our o onsde . d. ctton te . ' Pl ntf s f c ua s ai i f ' a t l uppo tf t r pe soft ras a i t or how e r i vit ly r or he i nes hei - ppled he y, ve , s rua l none se . An a -pplè chalnge a ese i t ra saut i unc tt i lo t xitnt sa iù le ddr s s f he tt e s onsiutona n he whe 10 fcsofapari a c s ort apa tc arpe s ''8 I .( tng BLAcK' LAw DI ONARY a at tculr a e o riul ron. d cii s CTI t 2 3 . Th p riua pe pe t wh m t e Bo k Or ia e h s alg dy b e a le i a 2 ) e a t lr o l o o h o dn nc a le e l e n ppid n n c unc nsiutona m n ri t sca e a e Pli tf sJ Doesnumbe s 1 t o h 3'ye,no J m o tt i l nne n hi s r a n if ohn r hr ug , t ol Doe Pli if cure l f c e c i or pr ec i f vi a i t Book Or na a ntf r nty a es viton os uton or oltng he di nce. And whie t J m Doe Pl ntfs ha ea h sr ed t fnd sabl housng, Pli if ' own l he ol ai if ve c tuggl o i t e i antf s a l to a pl dem onsr t t tt Book Or na di not c us t r s nz es J m D oe lega i ns m y ta e ha he di nce d a e hei t ggl . ol #3,f e m pl w as e c e fom hi Shor r ta rm e f f l e t pa r nt W he J m or xa e, vi t d r s ec es pa t nt or aiur o y e . n ol D oe #1 was r l s d fom pr s hi pr t o of i e s e ea e r ion, s oba i n fc r ugge t d a a ndone l i H i e a s e n ba d ot n al ah s a l to i c pla e w ih t Book Or na e,butdi nott l hi t tt Book O r na oca i n n om i nc t he di nc d e l m ha he di nce r quie hi t lve t e. Pl ntf s r adiy a i t tDef nda s no l e r d m o i her ai if e l dm t ha e nt ongere o c t M i m i nf r e he a Brdg a ad e o l s b e tt t eBo kOr i n e sr sd n yr srci n a dJ l Do # n w i e s k h o' u j c o h o dna e ' e i e c etito , n om e 2 o s ' lve i t Ri rPa k wih' spr ton ofk e ' a oval i s n he ve r t hi oba i t rs ppr . I ot r w or , t Count 9 has not ( i 't Book Or na e t any J hn D oe n he ds he t ed' he appl di nc o o y Pl ntf i t sca e. Pl i if ,how e r co e t tt y s d notbe r r t w a tf t ai if n hi s a ntf s ve , nt nd ha he houl equied o i or he Count t e c or pr e ut t m bef r c le ng t or na y o vi t os c e he o e ha l ngi he di nce' va s guene s a a i t s s ppled o 8Ra he t n i en iy a enf c m e a ton cur e l pe ng aga ns a Pl i if i t s c s , t r ha d t f ny or e nt c i r nty ndi i t ny a ntf n hi a e Pli if d t a s t nta pori oft i bref t r ltng f c st ta e ir l ntt t i as antfs evo e ubsa i l ton her i s o ea i a t ha r reeva o her a i c le ppled ha l nge. Pl n i f ,f e m pl r pe t y r f t t plghtofhundr dsofc c e ai t f s or xa e, e a edl e er o he i e onvi t d s x ofe r i fndi a r m ani i s t bl housng i M im iDa Count Se P1. e f nde s n i ng nd e i ng n uia e i n a - de y. e s' M t ( E. 1 a 8 0.Yç,t s alegai c nno s n.D. 6 1 t -1 t he e l tons a t uppor acam t tt Book Or na ei t li ha he di nc s va a a id t t J Doe ,be us ûgjpl ntf who e gue s pple o he ohn s ca e ta ai if ngage i s c s n ome onduc t ti t ha s c e r y pr crbe ca l a l os i d nnot com pl i of t vag nes of t 1 w as a i t t c an he ue s he a ppled o he onduc of t o h r. Hof n Esats v Fl ie Hof n Esae , I c, 4 5 U. 4 9 4 5 ( 9 2 . t es' fma t e . i d , fma tts n . 5 S. 8 , 9 1 8 ) ' ps The e or , t Cour ha not cons de e Pl i if c e i r f e he t s i r d a ntf s' ont ntons on t Book Or na s he di nce' a i a i t non- r i . pplc ton o pa tes 9 Pl nt f s conceded at or ar ai i f al gum e t t t nt ha hey have no vi e as appl ed c l nge abl i hal e a a n tt FDOC a S ny Uke e. g i s he nd yn ny t m . Thoug Pl ntfsdo no e iil r e enc i a s h,0 t er a gum e s m a cl a t t he nt ke e r ha h ai if t xplcty ef r e t s uc 1 h i r t y a e r i i a pr - nf r m e c tt i lc le he r a s ng e e o ce nt ons iutona ha l nge. Pl ntf s c ai t tt a e e il ai if l m ha hey r ntted t r s s c a chalnge be aus t y ha rie a i si off c' a t Slq Count s o aie u h le c e he ve asd kue ton a t' s o tthe y' f tr itn t e oc t eOr ia c . .. s' pl ( E. 4 a 5 (mp a i a d d . Ths uu e ne t o nfr e h dn n e . ' . Re y D. 6 J t e h ss d e ) i, 'P1 ho ve ,i no t sa d a iabl t Pli if ' pr - nf c m e c l we r s t he t ndar pplc e o antf s e e or e nt halenge. Ra he , t t r o de tae t e se e of a c s t ti rpe f rvi Pli if mus s 1 1 t ta monsrt he xitnc a e ha s i or e ew, antfs t how $ ) ha n ( a t lt ea ofpr ec i wasmade ( t tpr e ton i lkel or( t tace bl t ea cua hr t os uton , 2) ha oscui s i y, 3) ha rdi e hr t ofpr e uton e s s bas d on t cic s a s ' Geor acar y or I .v Geor a,687 F. os c i xit e he r um t nce .' gi r g, nc . gi 3d 1244, 1 ( 1hCi. 2)1 252 1 t r 201 .1 Pli if obvi l havenoti tfe a C ct lt e ofpr e i 'a t r f e,t antfs ousy' den ii d n s ua hr at a os cuton,' nd he e or o dem onsrat a tlkel or cr bl t eat' t im ust s t e ûi y edi e hr ,' hey û how t t e i ' r i tc dange of hat her s a eals i r s sann dr d ij r a ar s to te saue so eain o e o c me t' I (ii Am. u ti ig ie n u y s e ul f h tt t' p rto r nfr e n .' d ct ' ng Cii Li ris Uni vFlri Bar 999 F. 1 1 ( 1h Ci.1 ) s aloBabbitv. vl bete on o da , 2d 486, 492 1 t r 993). ee s , t UntdFa m Wo k r Na . Uno 4 2 U. 2 9 2 9( 9 9 (te s nsh v n n f aso sae ie r r es tl in, 4 S. 8 , 9 1 7 ) s ro a i g o e r f tt ' p pr e uton e eptt e t t a e i a na y or s ul tve a e nott be a e e a a opr a e os c i xc hos ha r m gi r pec a i , r o cc pt d s ppr i t 1 Pl nt f s do s ectvel ci e t a f w Supr e Cour and El 0 ai i f el i y t o e em t event Ci c t cas t h r ui es hat ha e uat and per i t pr e or em ent c l nges Pl nt f s ci a i t t e ve val ed m t ed e- nf c hal e . ai i f ' t t ons o hos cas , how e , ar s e i a i es ver e el ct ve nd ncom pl t For exa pl Pl nt f s ci e Babbit v. e e. m e, ai i f t t Unie Far Worke Nat' Uni 442 U. 289,299 ( td m rs 1 on, S. 1979)f t pr ii t a or he oposton hat pe s ne not expos hi s f t a r t or pr ec i bef e br ngi a c t t i r on ed e m el o r es os ut on or i ng ons i ut onal chalenge t crmi sat e. Pl. Br ( E.61 a 7. Pl ntf s however neglctt l o i nal t ut s' . D. 1 t ai if , , e o of er a f l exam i i of Babbi t w hi h w ent on t not as des i f ul nat on t, c o e cr bed bel ow t hat tpersons havi no fears of st e prosecut on except those t û ng at i hat are i agi m nary or s pecul t ve, ar not t be acce ed as appr i e pl nt f s ' i a pr e or ent ai e o pt opr at ai i f ' n e- nf cem chalenge. l 1 pl nt f s br ngi pr e or ent chal enges al o m us s 1 ai i f i ng e- nf cem l s t how t t chal enged hat he l l i er er w i h a cons iut onalr ght Se G eor acar y. g, 687 F. a 1251. A s aw nt f es t tt i i . e gi r or 3d t des i d i t C our ' or of di m i s ,i i not a al cl t t Pl nt f s ha eve cr be n he t s der s s al t s t l ear ha ai i f ve n s how n t s m uc hi h. 12 panif' i a p ee f r e n c aln e (iain ,q tto o te ) Plitfsh v no litfs' n r-n o c me t h l g ) ctto s uoains mitd . an if a e t e s n,howe r t t a J m Doe f ce a c e bl t e t of pr e uton or e c i unde t how ve ha ny ol a s r di e hr a os c i vi ton r he Boo O r na e. J k di nc ohn Doe /2 c r nty lve i t Ri r Pa k wih hi pr ton ofi e ' / ur e l i s n he ve r t s oba i tc rs e e s per i s on. l a hi t s i c t s t t J xpr s m si f nyt ng, hi ndi a e ha ohn D oe /2 i f ci a l or e iel / s a ng ow ntr y no s e r s of pr e uton. Pl ntf s do not e n sa e wher J hn D oes /1 a /3 lve nexi t nt i k os c i ai i f ve t t e o / nd / i , m uc l s w he he a pa tc a a pe t of t i lvi a r nge ent i c t a c edi e t e h es t r ny ri ul r s c s he r i ng r a m s ndi a e r bl hr at t tJ m D oe #1 orJ D oe /3 w ilbe pr e t f vi a i t Book Or na e. ha ol ohn / l os cu ed or ol tng he di nc The onl f c s i ntfed by Pli if t e n ar ua y i c t a t e tofpr e ton y a t de ii a ntfs hat ve g bl ndia e hr a os cu i ae ( ) t 201 Ri r Pak e ci ( t dicei e r ie by Count ofi as i r 1 he 3 ve r viton, 2) he s rton xe cs d y tcil n de e m i ng w he he û t r tve e a i t r ni t r s e na i duc tonalpr a s's h as t M i m iBr dge a e S c al ogr m ' uc he a i r k hool ' s s' s b e t oteBo kOr ia c ' r sd n yr srcin, n ( )t ef c t a s meCo n ya e is u j c t h o dn n es e ie c e tito a d 3 h a t h t o u t g nce a art di ag e w ih one a t ron whe herc t i f iii s a e ks hoo1 .'2 Ta n t e he ppe o s r e t no he t era n ac lte r 'c s '1 ke og t r or on t i own,howe r t s f t a e i ufi i t e t ih a c edi e t ea of f t e her ve , he e acs r ns tcent o sabls r bl hr t uur pr ec i n. The 201 Ri rPar ev c i f e m pl di noti ve a J Doe Pli if os uto 3 ve k i ton, or xa e, d nvol ny ohn a ntf Fu t r e a s i t tt FD OC ha pr vi l e c ed a oft J D oe Pl ntf s a r he , ven s um ng ha he d e ous y vi t ny he ohn ai if , nd he i a vi ton s om e he y' r ta y e n a s i t t t s hypot t c l e c i w a pr pt d by t Count s a bir r ve s um ng ha hi . i e pr t i oft Book Or na e,S texpos e t il ga conduc does noti is f s nt r e aton he di nc l pas ur o le l t n t el how a p e e tc s o c nr ves .... Ci o o An ee v L o s 1 3 S Ct 1 6 ,1 6 ( 9 3 rs n a e r o to ry ' t fL s g ls . y n , 0 . . 6 0 6 5 1 8 ) ' y 1 Pl nti s cont , f çxam pl t t C ount and M i i D ade Publi School have 2 ai ff end or e, hat he y am c s r eached cont adi or pos t ons on t def nii of ls r ct y 'i i he i t on d chool'under t Book Or nance, ' he di des t t f t t t Count c ai s t def t M i m i D ade Publ c Sc pie he ac hat he y l m o er o a i hool on t s s hi poi . A ccor ng t Pl nt f s,M i i D ade Publc School of i al cons der t M i m i nt di o ai i f am i s f ci s i he a Brdge a smia d le na i e c to lpr r m s't be i c ol' s j c t t e i nd i lr t t r tve du a i na og a ' o a t ho s' ub e t o h s Book O rdi nance' resi s dency rest i i r ct ons, and yet,t Count i sel does not categori he y t f ze t e f ltesas Ss hool ' See Pl 'Br ( E.61 at4-5. Pl ntfs alo alege t t hos aciii lc s. ' s. . D. q ai if s l ha t Fl i Depar m ent of Educa i consi s num e ous f l tes t be ds he or da t t on der r aci i i o d chool ' t t s ' ha t Count does not cur ent y enf c as s he y r l or e uch,a vi ver a. 1 nd ce s d. @ (iain, u cu to omitd . Rah r t e tbih dh p os e to ftte ij r 'a pan if ctt p n tain te ) te , o sa ls s e r p c f u t nu y, litf o t r ' p e i u l s b e td t a c siui n lvo ain b a saea trmu tC r db y alg ta h rv o sy u j ce o on tt to a ilto y tt co s t e il le e h t e c f e ar lsi t e tfom t f t ea iai of( dee ac d eaitc hra r he ' ur pplc ton a fndants polc ' 1 a 1 -68n. u 'l iy. d. t 667 ' 7. The El nt Ci c t ha s nc m a cl a t t onl t m os com peli f t w o d eve h r ui s i e de e r ha y he t lng ac s ul de ons r t a t ea of e or m en t t w as s fci nty r als i t m ert t e r s of m t a e hr t nf ce t ha uf i e l e i tc o i he xe ci e j rs ito o e ap ee f r e n c le g t a,iePlitfs p o o e c le g , et o a u idcin v r r -n o c me t haln e h t l an if' r p s d haln e r ss n n k a - pple t or . s a i d he y' Pl i if a gue t t t Ca r La , a a i d t t m ,vi a es a ntf s r ha he r y w s pple o he ol t t i cons iutonalr g s e n t he r tt i i ht , ve hough t Ca r La has no ye he r y w t t bee appled t t m . To us t s a ar t be a i r n i o he , hi ppe s o n nhe ent conrditon ....Even gsumi t t s how i i posi et ta ci a s ng hal ome t s sbl o br ng a as a i c le i n - ppled ha l nge i a pr e or em e r vi of a n e- nf c nt e ew saut t tha ye t bea idglwe beive t tt e ae fw tt e ha s t o pple , le ha her r e st tons whe e t t t of c le iua i r ha ype ha l nge w oul pr i. Suc a d eva l h st ton coul ars w he t f c ua c e oft c le i s iua i d ie n he a t l ont xt he ha l nge s o cl r a unc r r e t t t r i no q s i a t how t ea nd ont ove t d ha he e s ue ton s o he s a ut w ilbe a i tt e l ppled. Ge gi or acar y or 687 F. a 1 r g, 3d t 255 n. 20. Pl i if have not i t fe a tf t l c e ' a ntf s den ii d dac ua ont xt' wher t r i i que ton' a t how t Count w ila y t Book O r na e t t m . A t e he e s ç no si ' s o he y l ppl he di nc o he be t t f t pr s nt d by Pl i if i ca e t t w hie t Count c r nty does note or e s , he ac s e e e a ntf s ndi t ha , l he y ur e l nf c d le a i e a i l pr r m s' a s hool unde t or na , s e ofi i l i Count t t m tve duc tona og a ' s c a s r he di nce om tc as n y a ncisbele ( bele d i 201 t ti s d. W hiet y dono diput t tt Count ge e ive or ive n 3) ha t houl l he t s e ha he y y ê doe notc r nty enf c t e pr am s as s s ur e l or e hes ogr chool ,Pl i if ne t e s s r st tofi a s s a ntf s verhel s tes ha tci l ' i onss e vi w s on t or na i c t t tt Count ç ul r ver e c s ata tm e.' nc i t nt e he di nce ndi a e ha he y s d e s our e ny i ' co Even i Pl ntf s' alegatons are t f ai if l i aken as t ue,t s w oul be i ufici t s r hi d ns t ent o upporta pr - nf c e c l nge t ti rpe f r vi w ,a gove m e of i a s sr e t i e pr ta e e or em nt hale ha s i or e e s m nt fci l ' t uggl s o nt r e poe ilyva 1w donotont i own, uppor t pr entexecs ofAril ll urs ci tntal gue a , her s the es rie tce 1j iditon. I Vilgeo fman Esatsv Flpsde fman Esats I ,455 U. 489,5 (98 ,f n la fHof t e . i i ,Hof t e, nc. S. 03 1 2) or 14 e e mpl,t Supr m e Cour e mi d a ca e i whih munii lofi a s c uson ove a xa e he e t xa ne s n c cpa tcil ' onf i r n or na s s cii me ng a a i ton r ie an a r di nce' pe fc ani nd pplca i a s d ppa ent d ik of dic i i t r ss r s rm na o y e or e e . Howe r t Cour r f e t a e s t s rs a t pr - nf r m e sa . nf c m nt' ' ve , he t e us d o ddr s hi ik t he e e o ce nt t ge l se d,te Co r n td t a t e mu iiaiy c u d a o ,tr ug a mi srtv r g lto s n ta h u t oe i t h n cp l o l d pt h o h d nitaie e u ain z t a publc i ,c a ii tons t t pot i ly over oa pr sons of t o di nce. Se i nd i nput l rfca i o he enta l br d ovi i he r na e d. a 50 And,i t muni i iy uli ael unde t a po e i l ove br d ora bir r a ton t 4. f he cpalt tm t y rook t ntaly r oa r ta y c i t enf r t or nanc ç t w il be tm e e o o ce he di e, d l i i nough t c i a s h pr e s w he t y o ons der ny uc obl m n he ' , aie' I (ii JosphE.Sea am drSons I v.Hosete 384 U. 35,52 ( 966). Mor rs .' d ctng e gr , nc. t tr, S. 1 ) e rc n l,te Co r h l ta p b i itrs o g n z to c ul n tetb ih a ij r i f cl e e ty h u t ed h t u lc ne et r a iains o d o sa ls n n u y n a t3 b s d o wh t t e o g nz to s alg d wa a i be tv l ra o be l l o ' ta a e n a h r a iain le e s n l j ci ey e s na l i i d' h t o ke ho g nme ofi a s woul i t f ur , e r s t dicr ton pr de by t For gn over nt fcil d, n he ut e xe cie he s ei ovi d he ei K ' I eli nc Sur e lanc Ac t ilga l a quie t or zai ns c munia i .Clppe v nt lge e v il e t o le ly c r he gani to ' om c tons a r . Amne t 1 ',1 S.Ct 11 11 ( 3) TheCou tras sy ntl 33 . 38, 43 201 . r e oned t a pli ifsunc rant hat antf e ti y ove a go r r ve mnen age y' f ur a potntaly a bir r e or e e i i ufi i nt t t nc s ut e nd e i l r ta y nf c m nt s ns fc e o e tbl h Aril l1 sa dig b c u e a kh e tn d ij r mus b c ranl i e dn t sa i s t e I tn n , e a s i r ae e nu y t e e ti y mp n ig o c t c n t ueij r i fc. 1 .a 1 47 48( u tn Whi r v Ar a s s 1 0S. .1 7 1 2 o si t nu y n a t' d t 1 - q o ig t e . k n a , 1 Ct 71 , 7 4 t ' mo 25( 99 ) 1 0). Li e te Hof n a d Clp r p anif,wh s camswee rj ce b t e Su rme k h fma n a pe litfs o e li r ee td y h p e Co r frj rs i o ld f e ce ,Plitfsh r h v a mo ti e tfe a sauet a mih u t o u iddina ekin i s anif ee a e t s d n iid ttt h t g t 1 Though Clppe addr s t ijur i f t r quiement f Ari e ll sa ng, 3 a r es ed he n y n ac e r or tcl l t ndi r t t n r penes , i i ne t ess r evant her , as s a ng and r pe s i s a her ha i s t s ver hel el e t ndi i nes s ues f eque l a i e t r nt y r s oget r i t cont of pr enf cem e c l nges See D erm er v. he n he ext e- or nt hal e . Mi amiDade Count 599 F. 1 7, ( 1h Ci. 2010) ($n cas i vi pr y, 3d 21 1 t r $l es nvol ng e- e ore ntrviw,te e i otn d ti lo ra bewe n sa i a d rpe s nf c me e e h r s fe docrna vely t e tndng n i ne s a ys s' because t e cl m s Snvol t pos bily of wholy pr pec i f ur nal i hes ai i ve he si lt l os tve ut e ij r '' ( otng El n v Ba ham,4 F.d 1 9 1 4 ( 1h Ci.20 ). n u y.' qu i ) ed . s 71 3 1 9, 20 1 t r 06 ) # pos i y be i ope l enf c ag ns t m orot r i t f ur I e Pli if m a sbl mpr ry or ed ai t he he s n he ut e. nde d, a ntf s ke cl a t t i i t po si lt a not t c t nt of enf r e e t t conc r t m .4 The e r ha t s he s bii nd y, he er ai y, o c m nt ha e ns he 1 El ve h Cic t ho ve , ha dieced t t onl a C e r and unc r red' rs e nt r ui, we r s r t ha y t a cl ontove t ' ik e or m e w oul be r pe f r vi w on a as apple c le e. Geor acar y or 68 F. d nf ce nt d i or e e n - i d ha l ng gi r g, 7 3 a 1 t 255 n. 20. Tha i c r a nl not t ca e he e. The ef e whie t i unc r a nt ove t s e ti y he s r r or , l he r e ti y r D e e nt ' i e pr t t on of t Book O r nanc m ay be f us r tng f Pl ntf s i does no f nda s nt r e a i he di e r t a i or ai if , t t gv rs t ac s ta i rp fra j d c to u e a a -p le t e r Rahe,i id c ts ie ie o a e h t s ie o du iain nd r n sa pid h o y. t r t n iae t ta f ur a bir r enf c m e a tons pr di t d by Pl i if w oul be bes a es e i or ha ny m e r t a y or e nt c i e ce a ntf s d t ddr s d f 5 wh n te a ie1 se D i ialprops., I c v cï o ana i ,1 F.d 5 6 5 9 ( 1h Ci. e h y rs . e g t n . . / fpl tt y on 21 3 8 , 8 1 t r 1 (i nes docrneC otcsfderlc t fom e gi i s culton orwatngt i 997) rpe s ti t e t e a ours r nga ng n pe ai pr si her rs c t ought rviw ofpotntalora ta tdiput ' e oures hr he e e e i bsr c s es). 11 1. CO NC LU SI N O Fort f e ngras ,Plitfs M otonf Reif( E.61 i hee DENI he orgoi e ons anif ' i or le D. 1 s rby ED. ' Pl i i f c end, f exam pl t t Book O r na 4 a nt f s ont or e, hat he di nce' vaguenes Spr nt t s s f eve s hem fom kn ng'whehe t e Cou y ma e r ie isdic e i n i ama ne t a s b e t r owi ' t r h nt y xe cs t s r to n n r h t u j cs Pl i i f t evi t on or pr ecut on i t f ur t t neiher t a nt f s o ci os i n he ut e; ha t hey nor num er ous ot r he non- t es û par i l know i D e endant m ay r t n t t r door t f f s e ur o hei s eps w i h evi i not c '' t ct on i es ' a t t t uncer ai y cr t by t B ook O r nance w or a çc l i ef e .. .on nd ha he t nt ea ed he di ks s hi lng f ct t i ate st i ntf housng.' P1 . Br.( E.61 at7-9. her t mpt o de iy i ' s' D. 1 '' ,' ' 1 Though t Fl i A cton C om m it i al o a nam ed Pl nt f i t s cas , Pl i i f 5 he or da i t ee s s ai i f n hi e a nt f s ha s ar el addr s how t r pr ve c c y es ed hei opos as appl ed chalenge pr ent a l ve cas or ed i l es s i e c nto ry a a id t i. Plitfssae f rte frttmei t i rpl bre ,t t o r ves s pple o t anif tt, o h is i n her e y if ha t Fl i Acton Com m it t il be f ced t expend r our es hel ng cove ed he or da i tee d l w or o es c pl r i di d a sna ga e t s mi e i l ' Pl. Re y ( E.6 a 6. To a t ly e t bls n vi u l vi t hi n fe d. s' pl D. 4j t ' cua l sa ih or za i gani tonal sandi howeve , Pl ntfs mus s t ng, r ai if t how t t ( t Fl i Aci ha a) he orda ton Commit si tee' û membe sFoul ot wiehavesandi t s i t rown rght ( t r d her s t ng o ue n hei i ' b) he , i er t i s nt ess t eekst pr ec ar ge mane t t or ni ton' pur e;a ( ) neiher o ot t e r o he ga za i s pos nd c t t cl i as er ed nor t r i r he a m s t he el ef eques e r t d equi es t par i pat on of t i vi l r he t ci i he ndi dua member i t l ui.' Doe v.Stncer 175 F. 879,882 (11h Ci.1 s n he aws t' i , 3d t r 999)( i quotng H unt v. W as ngt St e Appl A dver i i Com m ' 432 U . . 333, 343 ( hi on at e t s ng n, S 1977) . ) Pl i if ha noteven a t pt t dem ons r e how t alegatons i t ram ende a ntf s ve tem ed o tat he l i n hei d c pl ntsa i f t e t ee e em ent om ai t s y hes hr l s. 16 DONE AN D ORDERED i Cha r ,M i mi Fl i J 23,201 n mbe s a , orda, une 5. P U L C. CK UN I TED STA TES D I STRI J D GE CT U Copi f ni he t es ur s d o: Co elofr c d uns e or
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