Gittel et al v. Carnival Corporation et al, No. 1:2014cv23234 - Document 32 (S.D. Fla. 2015)

Court Description: ORDER Granting In Part and Denying In Part 13 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Signed by Senior Judge James Lawrence King on 6/11/2015. (jw)

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Gittel et al v. Carnival Corporation et al Doc. 32 UM TED STATES DI STRICT CO URT SO UTH ERN D I STR I O F FLO RI CT DA CASE NO .14- vc 23234- 1 K NG BORI GI S TTEL a BI TTA GI nd RGI TTEL, i vi l a aspa e sa l l ndi dualy, nd r nt nd ega guar a ofAI NA GI di ns N TTEL,am i , nor Pl ntfs ai if , VS. CARN I VAL CORPORATI d/ a ON b/ CARN I VAL CRUI LW ES,a f egn SE or i cor a i a ALAE BRAND,M . , por ton, nd D. Def nda s e nt . / ORDER G R ANTI G I PART AN D DENYI I PART DEFENDA NT N N NG N CARNI VAL CORPO RATI ' M O TI TO DI I ON S ON SM SS THI CAUSE c es bef e t Co t upon D e endant Ca ni l Cor a i s S om or he ur f r va por ton' M oi n t Dimis( 1 .Cani lat c st s fi inc o Co t 1 V o Pli if ' to o s s DE 3) r va ta k he u fce y f un s -1 f antfs ' Co an ,wh c alg n g ie e u e v rou t o is a ii ou o ij isPl i if mplit ih le e e lg nc nd r a i s he re , rsng t f nure antfs ale y s f r d onboa d t cr s s p Ca ni l Gl y. The Cour t ke Pl ntfs' l gedl ufe e r he uie hi r va or t a s ai if ale tons a tue,a eval t Ca ni ' M oton t D imi s unde Fe r lRul ofCi l l ga i sr nd ua es r vals i o s s r de a e vi P o e u e8a dAs c o v I a , 5 U. 6 2, 77 ( 0 9) r c d r n h rh . qb l 5 6 S. 6 6 -78 2 0 : Un r Fe e a Ru e o Ci i Pr c d r 8 a( ,a pla n mus c n an a de d r l l f vl o e u e ( )2) e dig t o ti ks l a pl n sa em e oft c am s i t tt pl de i e il d t iho' nd ai t t nt he l i how ng ha he ea r s ntte o t r i f' As t Cour hed i Twombl 550 U . 544, 1 S. . 1 ele . ' he t l n y, S. 27 Ct 955, 1 67 L. 2d 929, t pl di sandar Rul 8 announce doe not r quie Ed. he ea ng t d e s s e r i t ied f t a lga i , but i de a ' a l ac ual le tons' de ' t m nds m o e t n a una r ha n dom ed,t hedef nda - awf l ha e m e a us i 1 , at 555, 1 S. . 1 e ntunl uly- = dcc aton. d. 27 Ct 955 ( iig Pa s v Ala n 4 U. 26 ,2 6,1 6 S. . 3 9 L. .d 20 ctn pa an . l i, 78 S. 5 8 0 Ct 29 2, 2 Ed2 9 ( 9 6 ) A pla ig t t ofe s Sa es a d c ncuso ' o $ f r ac 1 8 ). e dn ha fr i b l n o l ins' r û o muli l a r ciaton oft e e ent ofa c e ofac i wilnotdo.'550 U. ,a 555, e ti he l m s aus ton l ' S. t Dockets.Justia.com 1 S. .1 55 No d sa c mp ants fi ei i tn r t ke a s ringl' 27 Ct 9 . r oe o l i u fc f t e des ' d se t s' na o de d of'f t rf t enhance e .'1 ,a 557,1 S. .1 voi kurhe ac ual m nt ' d. t 27 Ct 955. To s vi a m oton t dim is a com pl i m us cont i s fci nt f t ur ve i o s s, ant t an ufi e ac ual matr a c pe a tue t Stt acam t rle t ti glusbl o isfc . te, c e td s r ,o i ae li o eifha s a i e n t a e' s ' f ,a 570,1 S. .1 #. t 27 Ct 955.A cl m ha f ci pl usbily whe t pl ntf ai s a al a i lt n he ai if pl ds f t c entt t a l ea acual ont ha lows t c tt dr t r as he our o aw he e onabl i e e e e nf r nc t tt de e nt i la e f t m iconduc ale d.1 ., a 556, 1 S. . ha he f nda s ibl or he s t lge d t 27 Ct 1 955.The pl i lt sa r i notaki t a S oba lt r uie ent' but ausbiiy tnda d s n o s pr biiy eq r m , ' i a ks f m or t a s rpos i lt t ta def nda has a t unl uly. t s or e han hee sbiiy ha e nt c ed awf l I d. W he e a com pl i pl a f t t t ar lmer y consse wih' a bi r a nt e ds ac s ha e s el it nt t ' d fn n' la lt i S tps s r of t ln bewe n po sbii a ee da t ibii t i o hot he ie t e si lt nd s y, s y plu i l y ofin llme tt r le . ' 1 . a 5 7 1 S. .1 5 ( r c es a sbii t e tte n o eif' ' d, t 5 , 27 Ct 95 b a k t o te . mitd) Countl Neeleenc Aeai tCar val i e ns ni l Count1 Pl ntfs al ge neglgence aga ns Ca ni la i i outofPl ntf A nna n , ai if lt i i t r va rsng ai if Git ' c lson wih t pr r ng,poi ed e ofa pa s w a Thi cl m i gove ne tels oli i t he otudi nt dge s age y. s ai s r d 1y t f l ng sa 3 he olowi t ndar : ds $ n anal i a m artm e t tc e,we r l on ge alprnci esofneglge % 1 yzng ii or as ey ner i pl i nce lw. Dagl v PoitLa ig, nc, 6 F.d 8 , 27( t Ci.98 ) Top e d a ' i e . n ndn I . 61 2 25 8 5h r1 0 . l a ' n gi e e apli ifmus alg t t( )t d fn n ha a d t t pr tc e lg nc , antf t le e ha 1 he e e da t d u y o o e t t plitf fo a p riulr ij r ( ) t e d fn n b e c d t t d t he an if r m a tc a n u y; 2 h e e da t r a he ha uy; ( )t eb e c a t a l a dpr xi tl c us dt pli ipsij r a d ( t e 3 h r a h cu l n o maey a e he antf n u y; n 4) h y pl ntf s f r a t har . ai if ufe ed c ual m Cha r o v Ca nia Cop. 6 3 F.d 1 3 , 1 3 ( 1h Ci.2 2 (o t t o i e ) pa r . r v l r , 9 3 3 3 3 6 1 t r 01 ) f ono e m t d . t ç-l e b n h r a i s whc a s i wn rs be vir mus b me s r d i o dna y sl h e c mak gan t ih hpo e ' ha o gt e au e s r i r r a o a l c r u e t crumsa c s'Kef v Bah ma Cr ieLie I .8 F. 1 8 e s n be a e nd r he ic tn e . ee . a ' us n , nc, 67 2d 31 , 1 2 ( lhCi.1 8 . i sa a di e uie , saprr q st t i sn la lt , h tt e 3 2 1 t r 9 9) Th s tnd r l q r s a r e e uiie o mpo ig ibiiy t a h c rer ha ha ac ual or co tuc i notce of t rs c e tng c ari ve d t nsr tve i he ik- r a i ondii a l s ton, t ea t w he e... he m e ce i one c r t na s omm onl e ount r on l y nc e ed and a not c e ry lnke t nd la l i d o na i aladve ur '1 utc nt e, d. ' 2 Def nda a s rst tPl i if c e nt s e t ha antfs' ountf ne i nc m us be dim is f f l e t or glge e t s s ed or aiur o a lge pr xi ae c a i Thi f l e i s d t a ie outof Pl i if ' own ale tons le o m t aus ton. s aiur s ai o rs antf s l ga i , whih a et ta iuni ii d m i pas engerpus d Al a Git ,ast t o coli d,i o c r ha n l dentfe nor s he m tel he w lde nt t ep o r dig, itd e geoft p sa e y, pp st t sp se ge ' c bi 'DE 1! 21 h r tu n pon e d he a s g wa o o ie hi a s n rs a n. ' . Thi uni ntted mi ' pus i s d t be a i er ni c e,nega i a pos i lt of s de ii nor s h s ai o n nt ve ng aus tng ny sbiiy p o i t c u ain b t e An a' ij ya a y a to o si nofCania . r xmae a s to ewe n n s nur nd n c r miso r vl At t s m oton t dim is sa , t Cour de i t t ke s f m alsi a vi w . hi i o s s t ge he t clnes o a o or itc e Ac e tng t f csi t e Co an a tu ,Plitfsha e s wn ( )a s a p,p or di c p i he a t n h mplit s r e an if v ho l h r r tu ng e g ( rs - r aig c nd to ) 2 i a pu lc pa s g wa ( r ti t i f rnc t t d e a ik ce tn o iin ;( ) n b i sa e y pe mi ng he n e e e ha t Cania h d a t a o c nsr ci e n tc t r ot;( )wh c Ca nia f ie t r me y o r v l a cu l r o tu tv o ie he e ) 3 ih r v l ald o e d r a u whihCania f i dt wa n; nd( a e tt ep e e eofwh c An Gi e wou d bo t c r v l al o r a 4) bs n h r s nc e ih na t l l t n th v s fr d t ij re t ts d d The e a lgains sae a cam f rr le u e o a e ufe e he n u is ha he i . s le to tt l i o eif nd r Count1 The f c t t a uni ntfe m i m a ha ca ed or c rbut t Anna' . a t ha n de ii d nor y ve us ont i ed o s ' ij re d s n t f r co e t plu i lt t tCani ls n g ie c as c u e Ann ' n u is oe o o e l s he a sbii ha r va' e lg n e lo a s d y as ij re . r i lsmoi n i d t b d ne a t Plitfs Co n 1 n u is Ca nva' to s ue o e e id s o an if ' u t . CountI - N e i l uleentH i i r ncm e enton t i Ca ni lalo m ovest dim i sPl ntfs'Count1 f neglge hii and r enton, r va s o s s ai if 1 or i nt rng et i on t ba i t ti s a e onl c us y a l tons he s s ha t t t s y oncl or lega i . ( plitf b igig a cam f r ne lg n hii g o r tn i n o a Aj an if rn n li o g ie t rn r ee to f n id pe e tc nr co mu tp o et ti 1 t c ta t rwa i c mp t n o n e nd n o ta t r s r v ha k ) he onr co s n o ee t r ( u i t p ro m t e wo k;( )t e l e k w o r a o a l s u d ha nft o e f r h r 2 he mpoy r ne r e s n b y ho l ve k wn oft pa t u a i o ee c o u kn s ;a d ( )t ic mpee c no he ri lr nc mp t n e r nf e s n 3 he n o t n e c o u in s wa ap o maec u eo t eplitfsij y. r nft e s s r xi t a s f h an if n ur ' ' 3 Smol kar v.Ro Car bbe Cruie Lt ,787 F.Supp.2d 1 , 1 8 ( D.Fl .2 1 ni yal i an s s d. 308 31 S. a 01 ) ( u tng Da isv Comme ca s eas Co,4 So 3d 71 7 -7 ( a 5h DCA 201 )a q oi ve . r il f t l . 6 , 3 4 F1. t 0 nd o ti ctto ) Plitfsalg t ttheph iin a a iina me i a p r o ne, i mi ng iains. an if l e ha i t e t ysca nd ddto l d c l e s n l' n ' te tn An Gitl et rd d ' ts ll u ii eno - bs r a l s ur sorf igd t c n' r aig na te , ihe i i oe y tlz n a o b be ut e no ale ) o a y o tt e s t i g pr c s a pr p itl ' DE 1 a ! 48 The e algains ma pemi a u h uurn o e s p o raey. ' ,t . s le to y r tn i e ence of i om pe e e or unGt s a ce t i y per i a i er nc t tt m edi al nf r nc t nc nes , nd r anl m t n nf e e ha he c saf a ed wih neglgence.How e r t compl i cont i onl concus y a l to a t f ct t i ve , he ant a ns y l or lega i ns s t Ca ni ' knowl o r vals edge of a pa tc a i ny ri ulr ncompe e t nce or unft s Pl ntfs a lge t t ines . ai if le ha i ni was a r a or s d have be awa e wih due dii nce of t lck of ' i car val wa e nd/ houl en r t lge he a co pe e m t nce of t s per onnelanc/ t f iur of t s per onne t be dul qua ii d t hi s lor he a l e hi s lo y lfe o rnd r me ia c r . 1 . a ! 4 Thi i no mo e t n a t e d a e r ctl o t e e e d c l a e' d t 9. s s ' r ha hr a b r e ia f h i ' knowl edge' elm e of t s ca e of ac i See I ' e nt hi us ton. qbal , 556 U . a 667-78.Pl ntfs S. t ai if pr de no f t cont s fcintt s ovi acual ent ufi e o uppor i.Ac di y,Pl i if have f l t sa e t t cor ngl a ntf s aied o t t a ca e of a i f ne i nt hii or r t i Ca ni ' m oton t dim is mus be us cton or glge rng eenton. r vals i o s s t gr nt d a t Pl ntfs'Count1 . a e s o ai if l l u ll Appa e Ae nc z nt l r nt e v I Count11 Pl i if s k t hol Car valvi rous y labl f ne i nc oft n 1 , antfs ee o d ni ca i l i e or glge e he onboa d m edi al per onnel on a t or of appa ent a r c s he y r genc I t El ve h Cic t %a y. n he e nt r ui, û pas engerm a s a s pow ne f m e c ne i s y ue hi r or dial glgence i he ca pr pe l plad a pr f n o ry e nd ove d ti na,j tfa l r l n e o t a a e ta n y o a s p' me c lsa fme r' erme tl usii b e ei c n he pp rn ge c f hi s dia t f- mbe . a ' Fr n a v Ro lCa i b an Cr ie , d.7 2F. 1 25 1 49( 1h Ci. 1 . a z . ya rb e us s Lt , 7 3d 2 , 2 1 t r 20 4) 4 The paris diagr a t whe hert s Cour m a c i r t Pl ntfs'pas e r te s ee s o t hi t y ons de he ai if s nge tc e c nta tf rpu po e o deemi n wheh rt y j tsa y r le o t e a pa e t ik t o r c o r s s f tr nig t e he usi bl eid n h p r n a nc ofAnna Git ' tea i m edi lper onnel Ca ni i it t tt tc tc r c ge y tels r tng ca s . r val nss s ha he i ke ont a t f rcos sj tfa e r la e f r i e p e sy sae t tt e s i sme ia pe s n e a e o e l e usiibl einc , o t x r s l tt s ha h hp' d c l r o n l r i pe nt c r t s whos ac i ns Ca ni l does not contol Ca ni as e t t t nde nde ontac or , e to r va r . r val s rs ha be aus of t l c e he angua i t tcke conta ,dpl ntfs'ale ge n he i t r ct t ai if l ged belef t t t s p' i ha he hi s m e c pe s di al r onnelw e eCa i lsa nt w asunre onabl asa m at erofI . DE 1 a r m va ' ge s as e t aw ' ' 3, t 1 ( mph ssi o i i l. 2 e a i n rgna) The toubl f Ca i i t ti r i f t spr r e or m val s ha t eles or hi oposton on t opi onsf om t ii wo ni r he Sout r D itit of Fl i t t ha bee abr t by t El nt Cic ts Fr a he n src orda ha ve n oga ed he eve h r ui' anz decs on. 1 F r za, t diti c tdim is d a cr s - hi pas enge ' ne i nc count ii 1 n an he srct our s s e ui e s p s r s glge e s a i tonboa d m e c per onnel whih count we e pr ied on t r e ofa nc a gans r di al s , c s r em s heo i s ge y nd a r nta nc The El ppa e ge y, event Cic tr ve s I is dic son oft a h r ui e r ed. n t s us i he gency- s c ba ed ount , t c ta e s d t pari 'dia e e ove whe he t pa s he our ddr s e he tes s gr em nt r t r he s engertc tconta i i ke r ct s pr l c i r att m oton t dim i ssage.The Elve h Cic tdeclne t cons de opery onsde ed he i o s s t e nt r ui i d o i r t pa s nge tc tconta ,a sa e t t(e n i we w e e t l t t contac a t s he s e r i ke r ct nd t t d ha lve f r o ook o he r t t hi sa we woul not cons de t nur e and doct t be i pe nt c r c or sm pl t ge, d i r he s or o nde nde onta t s i y be aus t t i what t cr s lne cals t m . Fr za, 772 F. a 1238.Ra her t c e ha s he uie i l he ' an ' 3d t t , he 1 Ca ni ls cia i t t e t c es f t pr r va ' t ton o hes wo as or he oposton t t Pl i if f l t s a e ii ha antf s aied o t t r i nce i a m a t r of l ' w ih no m enton of t Fr za dec son,i toublng t t s ela l as te aw,' t i he an i i s r i o hi Cou tCan v lsM o i nf rLe v t fl aSu - rRe y( 27 i DENI r. r i a ' to o a e o ie rsu pl DE ) s ED. 5 El ve h Cicui concude t unde t docti of bot a t and a r nt a nc e nt r t l d hat r he rnes h c ual ppa e ge y, 'via i labiiy t nson t f t pr ent d. 1 a 1 -52. i c rous i lt ur he ac s es e ' d. t 251 ' Thi Cour has aleady concl s t r uded t Pl i if ' ale tons of i pr r s urng hat a ntf s l gai m ope ut i tc i u s a An ' r s tn ij re c nsiu e s fi in alg to o t me ia e hn q e nd na s e ulig n u is o ttt u tce t le a ins f he d c l sa fsn gi e c .Pli if f rh ralg t a i r i lh l ( sme ia p ro nejo ta tf e lg n e antfs u te le e h t ' nva ed i d c l e s n l u s ca t age s of Ca ni t ough t us ofcr nt r val hr he e ewm e be unior s t us of Ca ni f m stl m r f m , he e r val or , z and t f c t tCar valpr ded lvi qua tr a m e ca ofi s on boa d t s p t he a t ha ni ovi i ng re s nd di l fce r he hi o t me ia sa f'DE 1 a ! 5 Plitfst e tket i a lg to i ne se f rh r' a he dc l t f. ' , t 4. an if h n a her le a ins l tp u te , s o ' t Fr a c tr com m e d,by a lgi t tt y woul nothave aut ied t s p' he anz our e nde le ng ha he d horz he hi s m e c pe s di al r onnelt tea Annai t y had known t tt y w e enote pl esofCa ni . or t f he ha he r m oye r val DE 1 a ! 57 Un e t e sa a dsa tc ae i t eFr n a d cso t i Cou tc ncu e , t . d r h tnd r riultd n h a z e iin, h s r o l d s t tPl ntfsha adequa ey sat d a c e ofac i f Ca ni lsvi rousneglgence of ha ai if ve tl t e aus ton or r va ' ca i i is m e calpe s t di r onnel on a t y ofa r nt age y. Ca ni ls m oton as t Pl i if heor ppa e nc 3 r va ' i o antfs' , Count1 1mus bedeni 1 t ed. Count l doi Ve ur vnt nt e TheElve t Cic i,n Fu c e 'Pon PrdeS aoo , n .v M / T e do aM a i e n h r u t i lh rs it i e f d I c . V h o r ra, 9 F.d 20 ,21 n. ( 1h Ci.1 91,ç o cud l lt twe n e l o no f rh rt n' h 35 2 8 1 3 1 t r 9 ) s n l e d ha c e d o k u te ha 't e lThe ew e e ç edi f m sbe i t Ca ni l .'DE 1 a ! 5 s r l cal or m arng he r val ogo ' t ( 6. 3 The Cour doe not c i r t tc t contac a t s poi , nor does i de de t t s onsde he ike r t t hi nt t ci he a o i t nes ofdoi s f ,a r cognied i Fr a,t Cour woul notc ude t t ppr pra e s ng o; or s e z n anz he t d oncl ha t s p' m e ca per onnela e i pendent c r t s dsmpl bec e t t i wha t he hi s di l s r nde ontac or 'i y aus ha s t he c uielne ca l t m .' r s i ls he ' 6 f lne Fit Cic i c s of S s re v M / SOL DE COPACABANA,5 F.d 1 0 ( t on r fh r ut a e a po ts . V 81 2 2 4 5h Ci.1 8 , odic r t eee nt o aj n v nt e r 97 ) t s e n h l me s f oit e ur : The pa te ' itn ins ae i ra t J n ve t r s ivove j n ris n e to r mpo tn . oit n u e n l oit c n r o t j n rg tofc nto , ndj i p o reay it r ssi t e o tol r he oit ih o r l a ont r p itr n e e t n h s b e tmatroft ve t r .Boh ve t e s s a e i t p ois a u j c te he n u e t nur r h r n he r tt, nd bot ha a dut t s r i t l s s But of c s t e el e s h ve y o ha e n he os e . our e hes em nt c nnotbe a id m e ni ly.N o one as t of t r a i hi i a pple cha ca l pec he eltons p s de sve. cii 1 .( iains omit d .The f co s lse b t S s re c u' a e n a d ctto te ) a t r it d y he a po ts o l r ot t c kls.The a eonl sgnposs lke y i c a,butnotpr equiies hec it y r y i t, i l ndi i er st . Fu c r' PontPrdeSef d 93 F. a 211(o t o e o te )( uoi g Sapo ts 581 lhe s i i a oo , 5 2d t f o n t mi d q tn s re , t F.d a 1 08 a o ti g ctto s.Ac o digl ûc o ta y t Cani ls c n e to 2 t 2 , nd mitn iai n ) c r n y, s j n rr o r va' o tn in, g u d rc re tge e a ma ii lw, h f r g i g fco sd no q ief r ac n u tvet s n e u rn n r l rtme a t e o e o n a t r o t ut o m o j nci e t i whi eve y el n ch r ementm us be m e . H ung Kang H uang v Car v Cor ,909 F.Supp.2d t t' ' . nial p. 1 5 1 61( D. a 201 ) a r ga e ono h rgr u sb Fr z ,7 2F.d 1 25 3 6, 3 S. Fl . 2 , b o td t e o nd y an a 7 3 2 . Neve t l s ,t sCour c udest tPl ntf sha f l d t s a e a c e ofac i rhe e s hi t oncl ha ai if ve aie o t t aus ton a an tCani lb s d o a j itv nur b t e i a is me c lpe s n l Plitfs g is r va a e n on e t e ewe n t nd t dia ro ne . an if a lget f l ng: le he olowi 27.Upon i or i a be i ,Ca ni a is m e ca per onneli ende nf maton nd lef r val nd t di l s nt d t ce t aj itv nur b s rn a s mbitcr lton hp wh r by Ca nia o r ae on e t e y ha ig y o i eai s i e e r vl pr de t f ciii ,e pment a pa i s f team e ,a t m edi al ovi d he a ltes qui , nd tent or r t nt nd he c per onnelpr ded ism edi aleduca i ta ni a e rence i t e tng s ovi t c ton, r i ng, nd xpe i n r ai t pr s ntng m edi condii ofCa ni lspa s nge s he e e i cal tons r va ' s e r . 28.Upon i or a i a bele ,Ca ni a is m edi pe s nf m ton nd i f r val nd t cal r onnelw oul d have ea had t rghtt c r t l c r t i r pe i a pe soft ch he i o ontac ualy ontol he r es ctve s ct he r a i hi by vit ofCa ni c r lng al as c sr l tng t t num be eltons p rue r val ontoli 1 pe t e a i o he r ofs pboa d pa s nge s a t a ia e f iii s f tea m e ,whe e t hi r s e r nd he va lbl ac lte or r t nt r as he medi pe s cal r onneldi t t d t s c a e he cope ofm edi s r cest be pr de unde cal e vi o ovi d r t c r c. he onta t 7 2 Su h aj n ve t r c ul o y, nddi f ncin wheeboh Cani la 9. c oit n u e o d nl a d, u to r t r va nd t medi lper onnelhad a pr pre a y i e es i t s r cest be pr de he ca s o i t r nt r t n he e vi o ovi d onboa d t t pa s nge s a ea h pa' s r i t pr is de i d unde r o he s e r , nd c ly ha ed n he oft rve t r t conta ,a wel ast l s . he r ct s l he os es DE 1 a ! 27 29 Thi Co r c ncud st t a i t Hu n c s ,$ l t tPlitf pla s , t ! - . s u t o l e ha, s n he a g a e $ 1 ha an if e d a i a d v so of rs n i l is' r t r ta j n pr pre ay itr s a j i c n r . s i ii n e po sbii e r ahe h n oit o itr n e e t nd ont o tol t ' Huang,909 F.Supp.2d a 1 t 362.Furhe mor Pl ntfs ale tons a t t s rng of t r e, ai if ' l ga i s o he ha i pr is a l s ar sa ed a m e e c l i , a ar t r f e not e il d t t oft nd os es e t t s r oncusons nd e he e or ntte o he pr umpton oftut Ca ni ' m oton t dim ism us begr nt ast Pl i if c es i r h. r vals i o s s t a ed o a ntfs' ount1 V. The I vi ndi dualCl m sofBorsG it land Bi t a G it l ai i te reit te Ca ni la gues i s e ha s m a y f hi t t t i vi r va r , n om w t um r as on, ha he ndi dualcl m s ofBors ai i a Bigit Git m us be dim is f f l e t sa e a cl i . The Cour dia e . nd r ta tel t s s ed or aiur o t t am t s gr es Plitfs alge t a d t An ' ij is t e we e sg fc n l l t d i t e c u s an if le h t ue o na s n ure h y r inii a ty i e n h r ie mi a tvte i wh c t y c l p riiae ( 1 a ! 3 ) a t a t y i ves fr d a ci iis n ih he ou d a t p t DE , t 2 ; nd h t he ' c ha ufe e nd contnue t s f t e ns of m e ca nd nur i c e a tea m e ,as wel as t i o ufer he xpe e di la sng ar nd r t nt l he pec a y l s as i r at t t e ns oft c ui e t was r ne due t t e s' uni r os t el es o he xpe e he r s hat ui d o he vent ' alge i t eCo l it( 1 a !4 . le d n h mp an DE , t 4) The e al ga i a tcul t s ii pec a y l s s by Bors a Bigit G it s le tons ri a e pec fc unir os e i nd r ta tel i vi l pl i y arsng out oft ale ndi dualy, ausbl ii he l ged i i s a t hea toft s cas Ta ng nc dent t he r hi e. ki P ai if ' l gai 'l ntf s ale tons as tue,t y a e s sci ntt s ae a cl m upon whi r i f ca be r he r uf e o t t ai ch ele n gr nt d.Car valsm oton t dim ism us be deni d a t t i vi a e ni ' i o s s t e s o he ndi dualc am s ofBorsa li i nd Bigit Git . r ta tel 8 The ef e i i ORD ERED ,ADJUDG ED,and DECR EED : r or , t s De e nt Ca ni l Com or ton' M oton f Le f nda r va ai s i or ave t fl a Sur sur Re y o ie pl ( 27)be andt s mei,he e DENI DE , he a s r by ED. Ca n v lsM oi n t Dimis( 1 )b , n t s mei, rby GRANTED i r i a ' to o s s DE 3 e a d he a s hee n partand DENI i part ED n . a. The m oton i gr ed ast Count 1 and I ofPl ntfs'Compl nt whi h i s ant o s1 V ai if ai , c a ehee yDI M I r r b S SSED wih tpr j c . t ou e udie b. The m oton i de ed a t Count 1a 11ofPl i if Compl nt a ast i s ni s o s nd 1 antfs' ai , nd o t i vi lc a m sofBor sand Bigit Git . he ndi dua l i i r ta tel Pl ntfs a e her gr ed l ve t fl an a e ai if r eby ant ea o ie m nded com pl ntw ihi 1 da of ai t n 5 ys t da e oft sOr r he t hi de . DONE and O RDERED i Cha ber a t J e La ence K i Feder J tc n m s t he am s wr ng al usi e Bul n a dUnie SttsCo rho s , a , o ia t s ? da o J ne 2 5 idig n td ae u t u e MimiFlrd ,hi / y f u , 01 . / #M t J ES LA W REN CE KI G N I TED STA TES DI STRI CT DGE SOUTHERN DI STRI OF ORI CT DA cc: A1 Couns lofRe d 1 e cor 9

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