Gittel et al v. Carnival Corporation et al, No. 1:2014cv23234 - Document 32 (S.D. Fla. 2015)

Court Description: ORDER Granting In Part and Denying In Part 13 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to State a Claim. Signed by Senior Judge James Lawrence King on 6/11/2015. (jw)

Download PDF

Gittel et al v. Carnival Corporation et al Doc. 32 UM TED STATES DI STRICT CO URT SO UTH ERN D I STR I O F FLO RI CT DA CASE NO .14- vc 23234- 1 K NG BORI GI S TTEL a BI TTA GI nd RGI TTEL, i vi l a aspa e sa l l ndi dualy, nd r nt nd ega guar a ofAI NA GI di ns N TTEL,am i , nor Pl ntfs ai if , VS. CARN I VAL CORPORATI d/ a ON b/ CARN I VAL CRUI LW ES,a f egn SE or i cor a i a ALAE BRAND,M . , por ton, nd D. Def nda s e nt . / ORDER G R ANTI G I PART AN D DENYI I PART DEFENDA NT N N NG N CARNI VAL CORPO RATI ' M O TI TO DI I ON S ON SM SS THI CAUSE c es bef e t Co t upon D e endant Ca ni l Cor a i s S om or he ur f r va por ton' M oi n t Dimis( 1 .Cani lat c st s fi inc o Co t 1 V o Pli if ' to o s s DE 3) r va ta k he u fce y f un s -1 f antfs ' Co an ,wh c alg n g ie e u e v rou t o is a ii ou o ij isPl i if mplit ih le e e lg nc nd r a i s he re , rsng t f nure antfs ale y s f r d onboa d t cr s s p Ca ni l Gl y. The Cour t ke Pl ntfs' l gedl ufe e r he uie hi r va or t a s ai if ale tons a tue,a eval t Ca ni ' M oton t D imi s unde Fe r lRul ofCi l l ga i sr nd ua es r vals i o s s r de a e vi P o e u e8a dAs c o v I a , 5 U. 6 2, 77 ( 0 9) r c d r n h rh . qb l 5 6 S. 6 6 -78 2 0 : Un r Fe e a Ru e o Ci i Pr c d r 8 a( ,a pla n mus c n an a de d r l l f vl o e u e ( )2) e dig t o ti ks l a pl n sa em e oft c am s i t tt pl de i e il d t iho' nd ai t t nt he l i how ng ha he ea r s ntte o t r i f' As t Cour hed i Twombl 550 U . 544, 1 S. . 1 ele . ' he t l n y, S. 27 Ct 955, 1 67 L. 2d 929, t pl di sandar Rul 8 announce doe not r quie Ed. he ea ng t d e s s e r i t ied f t a lga i , but i de a ' a l ac ual le tons' de ' t m nds m o e t n a una r ha n dom ed,t hedef nda - awf l ha e m e a us i 1 , at 555, 1 S. . 1 e ntunl uly- = dcc aton. d. 27 Ct 955 ( iig Pa s v Ala n 4 U. 26 ,2 6,1 6 S. . 3 9 L. .d 20 ctn pa an . l i, 78 S. 5 8 0 Ct 29 2, 2 Ed2 9 ( 9 6 ) A pla ig t t ofe s Sa es a d c ncuso ' o $ f r ac 1 8 ). e dn ha fr i b l n o l ins' r û o muli l a r ciaton oft e e ent ofa c e ofac i wilnotdo.'550 U. ,a 555, e ti he l m s aus ton l ' S. t Dockets.Justia.com 1 S. .1 55 No d sa c mp ants fi ei i tn r t ke a s ringl' 27 Ct 9 . r oe o l i u fc f t e des ' d se t s' na o de d of'f t rf t enhance e .'1 ,a 557,1 S. .1 voi kurhe ac ual m nt ' d. t 27 Ct 955. To s vi a m oton t dim is a com pl i m us cont i s fci nt f t ur ve i o s s, ant t an ufi e ac ual matr a c pe a tue t Stt acam t rle t ti glusbl o isfc . te, c e td s r ,o i ae li o eifha s a i e n t a e' s ' f ,a 570,1 S. .1 #. t 27 Ct 955.A cl m ha f ci pl usbily whe t pl ntf ai s a al a i lt n he ai if pl ds f t c entt t a l ea acual ont ha lows t c tt dr t r as he our o aw he e onabl i e e e e nf r nc t tt de e nt i la e f t m iconduc ale d.1 ., a 556, 1 S. . ha he f nda s ibl or he s t lge d t 27 Ct 1 955.The pl i lt sa r i notaki t a S oba lt r uie ent' but ausbiiy tnda d s n o s pr biiy eq r m , ' i a ks f m or t a s rpos i lt t ta def nda has a t unl uly. t s or e han hee sbiiy ha e nt c ed awf l I d. W he e a com pl i pl a f t t t ar lmer y consse wih' a bi r a nt e ds ac s ha e s el it nt t ' d fn n' la lt i S tps s r of t ln bewe n po sbii a ee da t ibii t i o hot he ie t e si lt nd s y, s y plu i l y ofin llme tt r le . ' 1 . a 5 7 1 S. .1 5 ( r c es a sbii t e tte n o eif' ' d, t 5 , 27 Ct 95 b a k t o te . mitd) Countl Neeleenc Aeai tCar val i e ns ni l Count1 Pl ntfs al ge neglgence aga ns Ca ni la i i outofPl ntf A nna n , ai if lt i i t r va rsng ai if Git ' c lson wih t pr r ng,poi ed e ofa pa s w a Thi cl m i gove ne tels oli i t he otudi nt dge s age y. s ai s r d 1y t f l ng sa 3 he olowi t ndar : ds $ n anal i a m artm e t tc e,we r l on ge alprnci esofneglge % 1 yzng ii or as ey ner i pl i nce lw. Dagl v PoitLa ig, nc, 6 F.d 8 , 27( t Ci.98 ) Top e d a ' i e . n ndn I . 61 2 25 8 5h r1 0 . l a ' n gi e e apli ifmus alg t t( )t d fn n ha a d t t pr tc e lg nc , antf t le e ha 1 he e e da t d u y o o e t t plitf fo a p riulr ij r ( ) t e d fn n b e c d t t d t he an if r m a tc a n u y; 2 h e e da t r a he ha uy; ( )t eb e c a t a l a dpr xi tl c us dt pli ipsij r a d ( t e 3 h r a h cu l n o maey a e he antf n u y; n 4) h y pl ntf s f r a t har . ai if ufe ed c ual m Cha r o v Ca nia Cop. 6 3 F.d 1 3 , 1 3 ( 1h Ci.2 2 (o t t o i e ) pa r . r v l r , 9 3 3 3 3 6 1 t r 01 ) f ono e m t d . t ç-l e b n h r a i s whc a s i wn rs be vir mus b me s r d i o dna y sl h e c mak gan t ih hpo e ' ha o gt e au e s r i r r a o a l c r u e t crumsa c s'Kef v Bah ma Cr ieLie I .8 F. 1 8 e s n be a e nd r he ic tn e . ee . a ' us n , nc, 67 2d 31 , 1 2 ( lhCi.1 8 . i sa a di e uie , saprr q st t i sn la lt , h tt e 3 2 1 t r 9 9) Th s tnd r l q r s a r e e uiie o mpo ig ibiiy t a h c rer ha ha ac ual or co tuc i notce of t rs c e tng c ari ve d t nsr tve i he ik- r a i ondii a l s ton, t ea t w he e... he m e ce i one c r t na s omm onl e ount r on l y nc e ed and a not c e ry lnke t nd la l i d o na i aladve ur '1 utc nt e, d. ' 2 Def nda a s rst tPl i if c e nt s e t ha antfs' ountf ne i nc m us be dim is f f l e t or glge e t s s ed or aiur o a lge pr xi ae c a i Thi f l e i s d t a ie outof Pl i if ' own ale tons le o m t aus ton. s aiur s ai o rs antf s l ga i , whih a et ta iuni ii d m i pas engerpus d Al a Git ,ast t o coli d,i o c r ha n l dentfe nor s he m tel he w lde nt t ep o r dig, itd e geoft p sa e y, pp st t sp se ge ' c bi 'DE 1! 21 h r tu n pon e d he a s g wa o o ie hi a s n rs a n. ' . Thi uni ntted mi ' pus i s d t be a i er ni c e,nega i a pos i lt of s de ii nor s h s ai o n nt ve ng aus tng ny sbiiy p o i t c u ain b t e An a' ij ya a y a to o si nofCania . r xmae a s to ewe n n s nur nd n c r miso r vl At t s m oton t dim is sa , t Cour de i t t ke s f m alsi a vi w . hi i o s s t ge he t clnes o a o or itc e Ac e tng t f csi t e Co an a tu ,Plitfsha e s wn ( )a s a p,p or di c p i he a t n h mplit s r e an if v ho l h r r tu ng e g ( rs - r aig c nd to ) 2 i a pu lc pa s g wa ( r ti t i f rnc t t d e a ik ce tn o iin ;( ) n b i sa e y pe mi ng he n e e e ha t Cania h d a t a o c nsr ci e n tc t r ot;( )wh c Ca nia f ie t r me y o r v l a cu l r o tu tv o ie he e ) 3 ih r v l ald o e d r a u whihCania f i dt wa n; nd( a e tt ep e e eofwh c An Gi e wou d bo t c r v l al o r a 4) bs n h r s nc e ih na t l l t n th v s fr d t ij re t ts d d The e a lgains sae a cam f rr le u e o a e ufe e he n u is ha he i . s le to tt l i o eif nd r Count1 The f c t t a uni ntfe m i m a ha ca ed or c rbut t Anna' . a t ha n de ii d nor y ve us ont i ed o s ' ij re d s n t f r co e t plu i lt t tCani ls n g ie c as c u e Ann ' n u is oe o o e l s he a sbii ha r va' e lg n e lo a s d y as ij re . r i lsmoi n i d t b d ne a t Plitfs Co n 1 n u is Ca nva' to s ue o e e id s o an if ' u t . CountI - N e i l uleentH i i r ncm e enton t i Ca ni lalo m ovest dim i sPl ntfs'Count1 f neglge hii and r enton, r va s o s s ai if 1 or i nt rng et i on t ba i t ti s a e onl c us y a l tons he s s ha t t t s y oncl or lega i . ( plitf b igig a cam f r ne lg n hii g o r tn i n o a Aj an if rn n li o g ie t rn r ee to f n id pe e tc nr co mu tp o et ti 1 t c ta t rwa i c mp t n o n e nd n o ta t r s r v ha k ) he onr co s n o ee t r ( u i t p ro m t e wo k;( )t e l e k w o r a o a l s u d ha nft o e f r h r 2 he mpoy r ne r e s n b y ho l ve k wn oft pa t u a i o ee c o u kn s ;a d ( )t ic mpee c no he ri lr nc mp t n e r nf e s n 3 he n o t n e c o u in s wa ap o maec u eo t eplitfsij y. r nft e s s r xi t a s f h an if n ur ' ' 3 Smol kar v.Ro Car bbe Cruie Lt ,787 F.Supp.2d 1 , 1 8 ( D.Fl .2 1 ni yal i an s s d. 308 31 S. a 01 ) ( u tng Da isv Comme ca s eas Co,4 So 3d 71 7 -7 ( a 5h DCA 201 )a q oi ve . r il f t l . 6 , 3 4 F1. t 0 nd o ti ctto ) Plitfsalg t ttheph iin a a iina me i a p r o ne, i mi ng iains. an if l e ha i t e t ysca nd ddto l d c l e s n l' n ' te tn An Gitl et rd d ' ts ll u ii eno - bs r a l s ur sorf igd t c n' r aig na te , ihe i i oe y tlz n a o b be ut e no ale ) o a y o tt e s t i g pr c s a pr p itl ' DE 1 a ! 48 The e algains ma pemi a u h uurn o e s p o raey. ' ,t . s le to y r tn i e ence of i om pe e e or unGt s a ce t i y per i a i er nc t tt m edi al nf r nc t nc nes , nd r anl m t n nf e e ha he c saf a ed wih neglgence.How e r t compl i cont i onl concus y a l to a t f ct t i ve , he ant a ns y l or lega i ns s t Ca ni ' knowl o r vals edge of a pa tc a i ny ri ulr ncompe e t nce or unft s Pl ntfs a lge t t ines . ai if le ha i ni was a r a or s d have be awa e wih due dii nce of t lck of ' i car val wa e nd/ houl en r t lge he a co pe e m t nce of t s per onnelanc/ t f iur of t s per onne t be dul qua ii d t hi s lor he a l e hi s lo y lfe o rnd r me ia c r . 1 . a ! 4 Thi i no mo e t n a t e d a e r ctl o t e e e d c l a e' d t 9. s s ' r ha hr a b r e ia f h i ' knowl edge' elm e of t s ca e of ac i See I ' e nt hi us ton. qbal , 556 U . a 667-78.Pl ntfs S. t ai if pr de no f t cont s fcintt s ovi acual ent ufi e o uppor i.Ac di y,Pl i if have f l t sa e t t cor ngl a ntf s aied o t t a ca e of a i f ne i nt hii or r t i Ca ni ' m oton t dim is mus be us cton or glge rng eenton. r vals i o s s t gr nt d a t Pl ntfs'Count1 . a e s o ai if l l u ll Appa e Ae nc z nt l r nt e v I Count11 Pl i if s k t hol Car valvi rous y labl f ne i nc oft n 1 , antfs ee o d ni ca i l i e or glge e he onboa d m edi al per onnel on a t or of appa ent a r c s he y r genc I t El ve h Cic t %a y. n he e nt r ui, û pas engerm a s a s pow ne f m e c ne i s y ue hi r or dial glgence i he ca pr pe l plad a pr f n o ry e nd ove d ti na,j tfa l r l n e o t a a e ta n y o a s p' me c lsa fme r' erme tl usii b e ei c n he pp rn ge c f hi s dia t f- mbe . a ' Fr n a v Ro lCa i b an Cr ie , d.7 2F. 1 25 1 49( 1h Ci. 1 . a z . ya rb e us s Lt , 7 3d 2 , 2 1 t r 20 4) 4 The paris diagr a t whe hert s Cour m a c i r t Pl ntfs'pas e r te s ee s o t hi t y ons de he ai if s nge tc e c nta tf rpu po e o deemi n wheh rt y j tsa y r le o t e a pa e t ik t o r c o r s s f tr nig t e he usi bl eid n h p r n a nc ofAnna Git ' tea i m edi lper onnel Ca ni i it t tt tc tc r c ge y tels r tng ca s . r val nss s ha he i ke ont a t f rcos sj tfa e r la e f r i e p e sy sae t tt e s i sme ia pe s n e a e o e l e usiibl einc , o t x r s l tt s ha h hp' d c l r o n l r i pe nt c r t s whos ac i ns Ca ni l does not contol Ca ni as e t t t nde nde ontac or , e to r va r . r val s rs ha be aus of t l c e he angua i t tcke conta ,dpl ntfs'ale ge n he i t r ct t ai if l ged belef t t t s p' i ha he hi s m e c pe s di al r onnelw e eCa i lsa nt w asunre onabl asa m at erofI . DE 1 a r m va ' ge s as e t aw ' ' 3, t 1 ( mph ssi o i i l. 2 e a i n rgna) The toubl f Ca i i t ti r i f t spr r e or m val s ha t eles or hi oposton on t opi onsf om t ii wo ni r he Sout r D itit of Fl i t t ha bee abr t by t El nt Cic ts Fr a he n src orda ha ve n oga ed he eve h r ui' anz decs on. 1 F r za, t diti c tdim is d a cr s - hi pas enge ' ne i nc count ii 1 n an he srct our s s e ui e s p s r s glge e s a i tonboa d m e c per onnel whih count we e pr ied on t r e ofa nc a gans r di al s , c s r em s heo i s ge y nd a r nta nc The El ppa e ge y, event Cic tr ve s I is dic son oft a h r ui e r ed. n t s us i he gency- s c ba ed ount , t c ta e s d t pari 'dia e e ove whe he t pa s he our ddr s e he tes s gr em nt r t r he s engertc tconta i i ke r ct s pr l c i r att m oton t dim i ssage.The Elve h Cic tdeclne t cons de opery onsde ed he i o s s t e nt r ui i d o i r t pa s nge tc tconta ,a sa e t t(e n i we w e e t l t t contac a t s he s e r i ke r ct nd t t d ha lve f r o ook o he r t t hi sa we woul not cons de t nur e and doct t be i pe nt c r c or sm pl t ge, d i r he s or o nde nde onta t s i y be aus t t i what t cr s lne cals t m . Fr za, 772 F. a 1238.Ra her t c e ha s he uie i l he ' an ' 3d t t , he 1 Ca ni ls cia i t t e t c es f t pr r va ' t ton o hes wo as or he oposton t t Pl i if f l t s a e ii ha antf s aied o t t r i nce i a m a t r of l ' w ih no m enton of t Fr za dec son,i toublng t t s ela l as te aw,' t i he an i i s r i o hi Cou tCan v lsM o i nf rLe v t fl aSu - rRe y( 27 i DENI r. r i a ' to o a e o ie rsu pl DE ) s ED. 5 El ve h Cicui concude t unde t docti of bot a t and a r nt a nc e nt r t l d hat r he rnes h c ual ppa e ge y, 'via i labiiy t nson t f t pr ent d. 1 a 1 -52. i c rous i lt ur he ac s es e ' d. t 251 ' Thi Cour has aleady concl s t r uded t Pl i if ' ale tons of i pr r s urng hat a ntf s l gai m ope ut i tc i u s a An ' r s tn ij re c nsiu e s fi in alg to o t me ia e hn q e nd na s e ulig n u is o ttt u tce t le a ins f he d c l sa fsn gi e c .Pli if f rh ralg t a i r i lh l ( sme ia p ro nejo ta tf e lg n e antfs u te le e h t ' nva ed i d c l e s n l u s ca t age s of Ca ni t ough t us ofcr nt r val hr he e ewm e be unior s t us of Ca ni f m stl m r f m , he e r val or , z and t f c t tCar valpr ded lvi qua tr a m e ca ofi s on boa d t s p t he a t ha ni ovi i ng re s nd di l fce r he hi o t me ia sa f'DE 1 a ! 5 Plitfst e tket i a lg to i ne se f rh r' a he dc l t f. ' , t 4. an if h n a her le a ins l tp u te , s o ' t Fr a c tr com m e d,by a lgi t tt y woul nothave aut ied t s p' he anz our e nde le ng ha he d horz he hi s m e c pe s di al r onnelt tea Annai t y had known t tt y w e enote pl esofCa ni . or t f he ha he r m oye r val DE 1 a ! 57 Un e t e sa a dsa tc ae i t eFr n a d cso t i Cou tc ncu e , t . d r h tnd r riultd n h a z e iin, h s r o l d s t tPl ntfsha adequa ey sat d a c e ofac i f Ca ni lsvi rousneglgence of ha ai if ve tl t e aus ton or r va ' ca i i is m e calpe s t di r onnel on a t y ofa r nt age y. Ca ni ls m oton as t Pl i if heor ppa e nc 3 r va ' i o antfs' , Count1 1mus bedeni 1 t ed. Count l doi Ve ur vnt nt e TheElve t Cic i,n Fu c e 'Pon PrdeS aoo , n .v M / T e do aM a i e n h r u t i lh rs it i e f d I c . V h o r ra, 9 F.d 20 ,21 n. ( 1h Ci.1 91,ç o cud l lt twe n e l o no f rh rt n' h 35 2 8 1 3 1 t r 9 ) s n l e d ha c e d o k u te ha 't e lThe ew e e ç edi f m sbe i t Ca ni l .'DE 1 a ! 5 s r l cal or m arng he r val ogo ' t ( 6. 3 The Cour doe not c i r t tc t contac a t s poi , nor does i de de t t s onsde he ike r t t hi nt t ci he a o i t nes ofdoi s f ,a r cognied i Fr a,t Cour woul notc ude t t ppr pra e s ng o; or s e z n anz he t d oncl ha t s p' m e ca per onnela e i pendent c r t s dsmpl bec e t t i wha t he hi s di l s r nde ontac or 'i y aus ha s t he c uielne ca l t m .' r s i ls he ' 6 f lne Fit Cic i c s of S s re v M / SOL DE COPACABANA,5 F.d 1 0 ( t on r fh r ut a e a po ts . V 81 2 2 4 5h Ci.1 8 , odic r t eee nt o aj n v nt e r 97 ) t s e n h l me s f oit e ur : The pa te ' itn ins ae i ra t J n ve t r s ivove j n ris n e to r mpo tn . oit n u e n l oit c n r o t j n rg tofc nto , ndj i p o reay it r ssi t e o tol r he oit ih o r l a ont r p itr n e e t n h s b e tmatroft ve t r .Boh ve t e s s a e i t p ois a u j c te he n u e t nur r h r n he r tt, nd bot ha a dut t s r i t l s s But of c s t e el e s h ve y o ha e n he os e . our e hes em nt c nnotbe a id m e ni ly.N o one as t of t r a i hi i a pple cha ca l pec he eltons p s de sve. cii 1 .( iains omit d .The f co s lse b t S s re c u' a e n a d ctto te ) a t r it d y he a po ts o l r ot t c kls.The a eonl sgnposs lke y i c a,butnotpr equiies hec it y r y i t, i l ndi i er st . Fu c r' PontPrdeSef d 93 F. a 211(o t o e o te )( uoi g Sapo ts 581 lhe s i i a oo , 5 2d t f o n t mi d q tn s re , t F.d a 1 08 a o ti g ctto s.Ac o digl ûc o ta y t Cani ls c n e to 2 t 2 , nd mitn iai n ) c r n y, s j n rr o r va' o tn in, g u d rc re tge e a ma ii lw, h f r g i g fco sd no q ief r ac n u tvet s n e u rn n r l rtme a t e o e o n a t r o t ut o m o j nci e t i whi eve y el n ch r ementm us be m e . H ung Kang H uang v Car v Cor ,909 F.Supp.2d t t' ' . nial p. 1 5 1 61( D. a 201 ) a r ga e ono h rgr u sb Fr z ,7 2F.d 1 25 3 6, 3 S. Fl . 2 , b o td t e o nd y an a 7 3 2 . Neve t l s ,t sCour c udest tPl ntf sha f l d t s a e a c e ofac i rhe e s hi t oncl ha ai if ve aie o t t aus ton a an tCani lb s d o a j itv nur b t e i a is me c lpe s n l Plitfs g is r va a e n on e t e ewe n t nd t dia ro ne . an if a lget f l ng: le he olowi 27.Upon i or i a be i ,Ca ni a is m e ca per onneli ende nf maton nd lef r val nd t di l s nt d t ce t aj itv nur b s rn a s mbitcr lton hp wh r by Ca nia o r ae on e t e y ha ig y o i eai s i e e r vl pr de t f ciii ,e pment a pa i s f team e ,a t m edi al ovi d he a ltes qui , nd tent or r t nt nd he c per onnelpr ded ism edi aleduca i ta ni a e rence i t e tng s ovi t c ton, r i ng, nd xpe i n r ai t pr s ntng m edi condii ofCa ni lspa s nge s he e e i cal tons r va ' s e r . 28.Upon i or a i a bele ,Ca ni a is m edi pe s nf m ton nd i f r val nd t cal r onnelw oul d have ea had t rghtt c r t l c r t i r pe i a pe soft ch he i o ontac ualy ontol he r es ctve s ct he r a i hi by vit ofCa ni c r lng al as c sr l tng t t num be eltons p rue r val ontoli 1 pe t e a i o he r ofs pboa d pa s nge s a t a ia e f iii s f tea m e ,whe e t hi r s e r nd he va lbl ac lte or r t nt r as he medi pe s cal r onneldi t t d t s c a e he cope ofm edi s r cest be pr de unde cal e vi o ovi d r t c r c. he onta t 7 2 Su h aj n ve t r c ul o y, nddi f ncin wheeboh Cani la 9. c oit n u e o d nl a d, u to r t r va nd t medi lper onnelhad a pr pre a y i e es i t s r cest be pr de he ca s o i t r nt r t n he e vi o ovi d onboa d t t pa s nge s a ea h pa' s r i t pr is de i d unde r o he s e r , nd c ly ha ed n he oft rve t r t conta ,a wel ast l s . he r ct s l he os es DE 1 a ! 27 29 Thi Co r c ncud st t a i t Hu n c s ,$ l t tPlitf pla s , t ! - . s u t o l e ha, s n he a g a e $ 1 ha an if e d a i a d v so of rs n i l is' r t r ta j n pr pre ay itr s a j i c n r . s i ii n e po sbii e r ahe h n oit o itr n e e t nd ont o tol t ' Huang,909 F.Supp.2d a 1 t 362.Furhe mor Pl ntfs ale tons a t t s rng of t r e, ai if ' l ga i s o he ha i pr is a l s ar sa ed a m e e c l i , a ar t r f e not e il d t t oft nd os es e t t s r oncusons nd e he e or ntte o he pr umpton oftut Ca ni ' m oton t dim ism us begr nt ast Pl i if c es i r h. r vals i o s s t a ed o a ntfs' ount1 V. The I vi ndi dualCl m sofBorsG it land Bi t a G it l ai i te reit te Ca ni la gues i s e ha s m a y f hi t t t i vi r va r , n om w t um r as on, ha he ndi dualcl m s ofBors ai i a Bigit Git m us be dim is f f l e t sa e a cl i . The Cour dia e . nd r ta tel t s s ed or aiur o t t am t s gr es Plitfs alge t a d t An ' ij is t e we e sg fc n l l t d i t e c u s an if le h t ue o na s n ure h y r inii a ty i e n h r ie mi a tvte i wh c t y c l p riiae ( 1 a ! 3 ) a t a t y i ves fr d a ci iis n ih he ou d a t p t DE , t 2 ; nd h t he ' c ha ufe e nd contnue t s f t e ns of m e ca nd nur i c e a tea m e ,as wel as t i o ufer he xpe e di la sng ar nd r t nt l he pec a y l s as i r at t t e ns oft c ui e t was r ne due t t e s' uni r os t el es o he xpe e he r s hat ui d o he vent ' alge i t eCo l it( 1 a !4 . le d n h mp an DE , t 4) The e al ga i a tcul t s ii pec a y l s s by Bors a Bigit G it s le tons ri a e pec fc unir os e i nd r ta tel i vi l pl i y arsng out oft ale ndi dualy, ausbl ii he l ged i i s a t hea toft s cas Ta ng nc dent t he r hi e. ki P ai if ' l gai 'l ntf s ale tons as tue,t y a e s sci ntt s ae a cl m upon whi r i f ca be r he r uf e o t t ai ch ele n gr nt d.Car valsm oton t dim ism us be deni d a t t i vi a e ni ' i o s s t e s o he ndi dualc am s ofBorsa li i nd Bigit Git . r ta tel 8 The ef e i i ORD ERED ,ADJUDG ED,and DECR EED : r or , t s De e nt Ca ni l Com or ton' M oton f Le f nda r va ai s i or ave t fl a Sur sur Re y o ie pl ( 27)be andt s mei,he e DENI DE , he a s r by ED. Ca n v lsM oi n t Dimis( 1 )b , n t s mei, rby GRANTED i r i a ' to o s s DE 3 e a d he a s hee n partand DENI i part ED n . a. The m oton i gr ed ast Count 1 and I ofPl ntfs'Compl nt whi h i s ant o s1 V ai if ai , c a ehee yDI M I r r b S SSED wih tpr j c . t ou e udie b. The m oton i de ed a t Count 1a 11ofPl i if Compl nt a ast i s ni s o s nd 1 antfs' ai , nd o t i vi lc a m sofBor sand Bigit Git . he ndi dua l i i r ta tel Pl ntfs a e her gr ed l ve t fl an a e ai if r eby ant ea o ie m nded com pl ntw ihi 1 da of ai t n 5 ys t da e oft sOr r he t hi de . DONE and O RDERED i Cha ber a t J e La ence K i Feder J tc n m s t he am s wr ng al usi e Bul n a dUnie SttsCo rho s , a , o ia t s ? da o J ne 2 5 idig n td ae u t u e MimiFlrd ,hi / y f u , 01 . / #M t J ES LA W REN CE KI G N I TED STA TES DI STRI CT DGE SOUTHERN DI STRI OF ORI CT DA cc: A1 Couns lofRe d 1 e cor 9

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.