Pride Family Brands, Inc. v. Carls Patio, Inc. et al, No. 1:2012cv21783 - Document 133 (S.D. Fla. 2014)
Court Description: ORDER denying as moot 97 Motion in Limine; denying as moot 97 Motion for Sanctions; granting 111 Second and Final Motion for Summary Judgment; denying as moot 115 Motion to Strike Advice of Counsel Defense. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 1/29/2014. (ls)
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Pride Family Brands, Inc. v. Carls Patio, Inc. et al Doc. 133 UN I TED STATES DISTRICT CO UR T SO UTH ERN D I STRICT O F FLO RIDA CA SE N O.1221783- V - TZ/ M ON TON C1 SE1 Sl PRJDE FA M I BRAN D S,I C, LY N Pl ntf , ai if CARL' PATI I ,CA RL' PA TI S O, NC. S O W EST,m C. W OO DARD - ,l C. and , CM N , SCOTT COOGAN , D ef endant . s / O RDER GM NTI G DEFENDAN TS'SECO ND A ND FI L M O TIO N FO R N NA SUM M A RY JUD G M EN T THI CAUSE c mesbe o et Cour on De e n sW oodad- , S o f r he t f nda t r cM LLC.Cs ooda d' W r ') a dScotCoog n' Se ondan FialMoi f SummayJ me g 11 1wheen Dee da s n t a s c d n ton or r udg nt DE 1 ri fn nt se s e k ummayj dgme ontermai ngcai i t sc s 1Prdea Woodadaec mpei r u nt h e ni l ms n hi ae. i nd r r o tng pa i f niur m an a t e s Pr d ale sW oo r i rng isunr git e ta dr s b to ur t e uf c ur r . i e l ge da d nf i ed t e ser d r de e s y copyi t desgn ofPrde' Coco I l and Cabana Bay f niurecolectonsi a conf ngl ng he i i s ses ur t l i n usi y smia pr uc ln Woodadc l J mb Bay.Prd cli ta W o r sc ngvi aedj i lr od t ie r als u y ie ams h t odad' opyi olt 43()o t La m Ac ( am 1) Prdeha as a sredc a f he nha t Cli 1. i s lo se t ommonlw cli f Unfi a ams or ar Compeii ( ai 11 a Unus Enrc me t( ai l , daFl i saut ycam of tton Cl m 1) nd j t ih n Cl m V)an orda tt or li De e tv Acsa dPrcie ( ai V)2 c pie t n a tc s Cl m . 1 eCo r pe iul ga tds mmayj d me tfrDee d nso Plitf scam o d sg pae ti rn e n Th u t rvo sy rne u r u g n o fn a t n anif li f e in tn nfig me t ( am l.( 1 21 Cli ) DE 3 . 2Th u hDee a t as se tee tyo s mmayj d me t st Dee d n Co g no lg l o n sof o g fnd ns lo ek h nr f u r u g n a o fn a t o a n e a gru d idviu l o -ibly,h meiso ta ag me t r n t e c dbea s s rmayj d me ti ga tdfrb t n i d a n nla ii te rt fh t r u n ae o r ahe c u e un r u g n s rne o oh t Dee d nso oh rg o n .Dee a t as se afn n u d r1 U. C. l 1 t th a to q aiisa a fn a t n te ru ds fnd ns lo e k idig n e 5 S. j 1 7 ha te cin u l e s n f t e i lc e'whih i gr ntd woul e il D eenda st isa t ne sfes Tha is i notr ac d he e t ptona as ' c f a e exc d ntte f nt o t tor y' e . t s ue s e he r be us a Or rt Show Ca eon t i poston ofs nc i i f t ca e n de o us he m ii a tons s orhcom i ng. Dockets.Justia.com Ha ngc ieedtemoton,Prde' opposto g 1 ) a t rpl ( 1 , vi onsd r h i i s iin DE 21, nd he e y DE 301 s ummayj r udgme tmus beg a tdf Dee ns W he ter o de de ei viwe i t lgh n t r ne or fnda t. n h ec r vi nc s e d n he i t m o tf vor bl t Prde i c nno pr ai o ista dr s i rnge e cl i f t e s pa a e y s a a e o i , t a t ev l n t r de e s nfi m nt a m or hr e, e r t l dipostv r as ns Fis , h r c d e de c o r s ii e e o . r t t e e or vi n e ve whel i y s st tPrde' ta dr s i m ngl how ha i s r de e s s f i and t ef e notpr ect e.Second,t r d evi unctonal her or ot abl he ecor dence f l t dem ons r t t eiher ais o t a e hat t Prde colecton achi i l i eved s econdar m eani Fi l t e i no evi y ng. naly, her s dence t t r evant hat he el cust er wer lkel t conf Prde' and W oodar scolectons. BecauseCl m s1 1 I ,and V om s e i y o use i s d' l i ai 1 , V ar prdiae onPrdealgi avibl ta dr si rnge ntcai s e e c td i le ng a e rde es nfi me l m, ummayj r udgme mus nt t alo be gr ed on t e cl m s. s ant hos ai BACK GR O UND 3 a. BusnesBa kd o o heDiput i s c rp ft s e Coco l es,Cabana Bay,and J by Bay ar each pa i f niur colectons i a topi sl um e to ur t e l i n r cal endantScot Coogan desi t gned al t ee colectons. Coogan wor f Prde bet e l hr l i m otf4 D ef i. ked or i w en 200 a 20 a j ne Woodadi 201 Prd c e t tteJ 4 nd 06 nd oi d r n 0. ie ontnds ha h umbyBa de i k e y sgns i ar s t i l i i and conf ngl sm iart t desgnsoft cor es ubs antaly dentcal usi y i l o he i he r pondi pi oft ng eces he g oIl a Ca naBa c l tongl' ( 6, 2315 coc ses nd ba y) oleci s. DE ! . ' Fors alyear Prde s d t Coco l esand Cabana Bay colectonst an out ever s i ol he sl l i o door fr t ert lrcaldCalsPai (( r''.I Oco rorNo mb 20l1 Calsde d dt uniur eaie le r' to ( ls' n tbe Ca ) ve er , r' cie o car y W oodar sJum by Bay lne and s opped buyi Coco I esorCabana Bay. Thepato f niur r d' i t ng sl i ur t e 3U nl sot m ienoedt f t aet n fom t undiputd r or evi e. es he s t he acs r ake r he s e ec d denc 4Thecole tons i ude cha r , barsool,s asa l s a s di ngtbls oc i tbl ,a otom a . l c i ncl is t s of nd ove e t, ni a e , casonal a es nd t ns Ac r ngt Pl ntf' CEO StvenLows Ca naBa dif r fom Coc Il i t tt t bi us d i Caba co di o ai ifs e ky, ba y fe s r o ses n ha he u ng e n na Ba sfa esi lr r Caba Ba ha am or na ialf ,andt tCaba Ba w a i e d f adifr nt y' r m s a ge , na y s e utc eel ha na y s ntnde or fe e a de c .( poiino S e e Lo k , l 14,1 64-) u in e De sto f tv n ws y DE 1 - 9 : 8 . 5I i undiput t tW oodad b oughtce t n pice ofCocol l f r t r t isfct y i M ihi n whe i ts s ed ha r r rai e s ses u niu e o t a or n c ga nt fbrcae isJ a i td t umby Ba pr ot s W oodar sc e engi e Re Stufe t tfed i hi de ii t t y ot ype . d' hif ne r ed a fr esii n s poston ha W ooda dbr r oughtt Coc ll pice t isf t y t e ur t tt pr t W oodar wa ma ngs pa s d he o ses e s o t acor o ns e ha he oducs d s ki ur s e Prd ' c mfr lv l ( p iino RedS a fe,1 02 718 1 ) ies o ote e. De osto f e tufr 3 -, :- 8. 2 busne si c pe ii . I i c m on ac f m a a t e st i ve l r e r t ie s i t de i i s s om ttve t s om pl e or nuf c ur r o nvol a g e a l r n he s gn phaet e ur t tne c lci wils l.( postonofGrgEc fDE 1 1 1 74: 1 ) s o ns e ha w ole tons l el De ii e of, 1 - 2, 5- 7. Somei atrNo mbe 201 whe Cooga j n W oodad,W oo r a oa dCalswih tme fe ve r 0, n n oied r dad ppr che r' t t pr ot f isJ by Bay colec i Car ' diec ed W oodar t change isdesi t add he ot ype or t um l ton. ls r t do t gns o l s ng a fa et cha r 'a m r s s W ooda d m a e t e c nge . Ca ls b htJ b Ba a a hi nd l r he is r e t . r d h ha s r ' oug um y y nd a ndo d Coc I l a Ca na Ba Pr d now ale st tD e e an Coog an W oo r ba ne o ses nd ba y. i e l ge ha f nd t an d da d cons r wih Car ' t pr duce a cheaperdknock of ofCoco I esand Cabana Ba 6 pied t ls o o s f' sl y. The Cl med Trade D r s ai es Tr dr s i t it t ali age ofapr ade es s he ûhe ot m oductand m ay i ude f t ess as sze,shape, ncl ea ur uch i col orcol com bi i t ur ,gr cs,oreven partcul s est or or natons, ext es aphi i ar al echni .' Hyman v. ques' Nai wi M u.FieI s Co.30 F. 1l ( 1hCi.20 . Prdecai ta drs rg si a ton de t r n . , 4 3d 79 1 t r 02) i l ms rde es iht n n expansve, yetvague ls ofel ent f om t Coco l l and Cabana Bay colectons. prde i it em s r he ses l i 7 k m ar t Coco l l and Cabana Ba undert ee dif entbr nam es -Pr tge,Cast l and ke ed ses y hr f er and es i ele, Expr si 8 However when Car' dipl es ons. ls s ayed t colectonsi is sor i dipl he l i n t t es, t s ayed t pi he eces , 6 Pli ifna edCa lsPai andCa lsPa i W es a De e nt . TheCa lse iistld as gge tonof amtf m r' to r' to t s f nda s r' ntte ie u si b n r pc o Fe r ay2 , 01 ( 4 , 1 Th Co r sa e t c s a is Calsg 4 Ja drqurd a k u ty n b u r 7 2 3. 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( 1 14 1 2:2-5 . ts o g et o o t ts o a n ef lotie h lp ito ' DE 1 -, 9 1 1 1 ' BCa lsc f r' o-ounde G ay Ec fsat i hi de ii t tf af w ye r Car' Pa i putisow nbr ndnam eo r r kof t ed n s poston ha or e a s ls to t a n P iesc l cins ( 1 11 , p. 9-9 ) Th rc r d e n t onane i n eofac n u rs re rd ' ol to .DE 1 -2 p 8 0 . e e od o s o c ti vde c e o s me u vy rg r igc n u rsas caino a yPrd b a dt teP ieFa l Brn sc mp n ( 1 1 1 , 7 . e adn o s me' so ito f n ie rn o h rd miy a d o a y. 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Ceti deinee nt aec ran sg lme s r ommo t t to c lg r DE 111 1 pp.8 - 8 .The e n o he rpia ene.g -2, 3 41 s i udet us ofbr ncl he e own and bei fnihes na ur f c col s,cas em belihm ent t r m bl ge i s , t al abri or t ls s hat ese e ba bo no s a l s n . Su h el m e t i t e t e ke ba boo a r ta m a e i l t t m o de , nd a hi gs c e n s n end d o vo m nd a t n, t r a s ha f niuei t to c i ta tonal ma fom.( De ii ofPa Otwc t,DE 1l11 ur tr n he rpis s rdii ly de r See poston ul o his - 6, 82:0- ) Thercode de ei l sphoo a ofout rf niur c lci b Tommy 1 22 . e r vi nc ncude tgrphs doo ur t e ole tons y Ba mag 1 18,La Ve ur ( 11131an Ll FlndesE 111 .M a oft s de in ha DE l -1 ne nt e DE - , d oyd a r 1 -01 ny hee sg el ent ar pr enti t colectonsoft e m anuf ur . em s e es n he l i hos act ers Rel evantM arketFact s or Prdesc tme saef niur rt lr.( posto ofStve Lo ky,DE 1 14, 8: i ' uso r r ur t e eaies De iin e n ws 1 - 21 48 .Prdemakesisc lci a idusr deta s owsi Chia i J ya Se e e . ) i r t t oletons t n tpwi rde h n c go n ul nd ptmb r ( po ii ofGayEc fDE 1ll1 1 7-0) Li ot rplyesi tec ua f niur idusr De ston r of, - 2s 25: 1 . ke he a r n h as l ur t e n ty, Prde dipl iscolec i i l ge showroom s i l esatt Chi i s ays t l ton n ar t eas he cago M er chandi M ar. Buyer se t s f r t l swal t ough t s or e aier k hr he howr st vi a pari arm anuf ur ' colec i and ar oom o ew tcul act er s l ton e pr ent w ih t m anuf ur sm ar i m at al and,on r es ed t he act er' ketng eri s eques ,isprce lss. Prde alo t t i it i s m ar s isf niur by usng s esr es atvest cal on r aier att rsor Ret l sar ket t ur t e i al epr ent i o l et l s hei t es. aier e a r t tama ufcurrsrprs natveonl s lst ma ufcurrspr t. g 1114, wae ha n at e' e eet i y el he n a t e ' oducs DE 21 4- . 8: 9) I I. SUM M A RY JUD GM ENT STAN DAR D Summay j gme r ud nt a o it whe Sh pla ngs de ii , a wes pprprae n û e e di , postons ns r t i er ogat i ,and adm i i on f l t her w ih t afi t , i any,show t t e i no nt r ores ssons ie, oget t he fdavis f hat her s rc g io wa o y35 ( 1 11 , p. - 8 1 e o nt n s nl .%. DE 1 -2 p 88 9 . i 4 g ui is a t an mae ilfc a t tt movi pat i e il t aj dgme a amatrof en ne sue s o y tra a t nd ha he ng ry s ntted o u nt s te Iw. And ron v fi ry Lobb I . 477 U. 242,2 (986) Onc t movi pa t a ' ' e s . bet y, nc, S. 47 1 . e he ng ry d o ta e t a e e o a ge ne i s of m a e i l f c ,t e n m ovi g pa t m us d om e em ns r t s he bs nc f nui s ue t ra a t h onn ry ts c f ar w ih ipecii f sshow i t t e i a genui isue f ti .' M at hia El I om d t s fc act ng hat her s ne s or ral'' sus t ec. ndus. Co.v Ze t Radi Cor ,475U. 57 587( 986 ( otn Fe R.Ci P.56e) TheCour mus . nih o p. S. 4, 1 ) qu ig d. v. (). t t viw t r d and a1 f uali er e he ecor l act nf ences t ef om i t lght m os f abl t t non- ovi her r n he i t avor e o he m ng pa t a de i whe he ûEhe e de e pr s n sa s fci n di a r e en t r r s m is o t a ry nd c de t r dt vi nc e e t ufi e t s g e m t o equie ub s i n o j y orwhehe i i s onesd ta o pat mus prvala amatroflw.' Ale v T on ur t r t s o -ied h t ne ry t e i s te a '' ln . ys Fo ,I . 1 F.d642, ( lhCi.1 )( tngAndes 477U. a 2515 ) ods nc, 21 3 646 1 t r 997 quoi ron, S. t -2). Sum m ar Judgm entm us be gr ed f Def y t ant or endant on Pl ntf ' tade dr s i rngem ent s ai if s r es nfi cli ( am I)be au ewhe terc de de ei viwe i telgh mos fvorbl t Pli if am Cli l c s n h e or vi nc s e d n h i t t a a e o antf, i doe nots ppor t tt r i a dipued mae i is off c a t whehe ()Pl n ifs ta t s u t ha hee s s t tral s ue a t s o t r i aitf r de drs i n f to a terf ep oeca e;orwhehe (i Pli ifsta dr sha a uie e s s on-uncinal nd h eor r t tbl t r i) antf' rde es d cq rd s c day me ni orwhehe (i)Dee n ' pr cswee lk y t c us c uson i t e on r a ng; t r ii fnda ts odu t r iel o a e onf i n he make a t t i d i tonoforgi Be aus t rmani cams-Unf rCo tton( am r t s o her esgnai i n. c e he e i ng li ai mpeii Cli 11,Unus Enrc nt( am I , ndDe e i Acsa Prcie ( ai V)-aeea hfct ly 1) j t ihme Cli V)a c ptve t nd a tc s Cl m r c a ual prdiae o t vibiiy ofista des i rnge ntcai s mmar j me mus as be e c td n he a l t t rde r s nfi me l m, u y udg nt t lo gr ed ast t e cl m s. ant o hos ai 11 1. TR XD E DR ESS INFRING EM ENT Pl ntf aleges t t t desi el ent of is pr ai if l ha he gn em s t oduct cons iut pr ect tade dr s. s tt e ot ed r es W her a pl ntf aleges a def e ai if l endant i rnged is t ade dr s by copyi desgns r her t nfi t r es ng i at han packagi t cl m can onl go f ng, he ai y orwar i t pl ntf show st cl m ed desgn el ent ar nond f he ai if he ai i em s e f i and have s unctonal econdar m eani s t t i iy t pr y ng uch hat hey dentf he oducer WalM artSt ,Inc. . ores he ai if t ihed hat t i tt es v Sa aBr s,5 U. 205 ( ) Once t pl ntf has esabls t is desgn cons iut . mar o . 29 S. 2000 . hat t s e i y o us he endants ' pr ect e t ade dr s i s il m us s ot abl r es , t tl t how t cusom er ar lkel t conf e t def pr oduct f t rown t pr l Di n 'Dot I v.Frost Bies D it,LLC,369 F. 1197,1 s or hei o evai. ppi s, nc. y t s. 3d 202 ( 1hCi.20 .Eac oft s i aihrs d'elme t 1 Theeor,Plitf' i biiyheet 1 t r 04) h he e s t ehol ' e n . d. rf e anifs na lt r o t s how a ge n f c u diput i r o d evi e e a t n f nc i alt s c nui e a t al s e n ec r d nc s o on- u ton iy, e onda y m e ni , o r a ng r m a ke c f i m e ns ista dr s c a m f l t i e ove . r t on uson a t r de e s l i ais hrc r a. The Cl med El ent ar Functonal ai em s e i Becaus Pr dedoesnotown a r s er t adem ar f t Coco I l ofCabanaBay des gns, e i egit ed r k or he s es i pus n t l U. C.jl 25a( ,i ha t d de ofprvi t tt matr s htt b rua t o 5 S. 1 ()3) t s he ' n bur o ng ha he te oug o e pr ece i no f c i al' Th r a et c t ore off nc i lt Dlpi ' s I . 369 F. ot t d s t un ton .' e e r wo aeg is u tonaiy. p n Dot, nc, 3d a 1 3. Fis ,a e e e i f to i d t i e s nta t t e us o pur os oft a t e ...o t 20 r t n l m nt s unc i nal f d s s e i l o h e r p e he r i i cl r af t t c torquaiyoft atclll'Qu ie Co.v J obs Pr s Co.I .51 U. 1 fecs ht os lt ht ri e.' altx . ac on od . , nc, 4 S. 59, l ( 99 . S o u rt do tie ofa sh tc fncinalt a elme i fnci li is 65 1 5) ec nd, nde he crn etei u to iy, n e nt s u tona f t d xc us v us ...woul putc pe io s ata sgnii a non r pu to r l t d di a a ag ' 1 d l ie e e d om tt r i fc nt - e l i n- e a e s dv nt e. d. ' As s uch, court l t t w het a com pett neces ariy needs t use t cl m ed dr t s ook o he her ior s l o he ai ess o c eei teted.Se Dlpi ' s Ic.3 F. a 1 4, 7(ta wie,h c o ,s pe, nd omp t n h i l e p n Dot, n , 69 3d t 20 n. d i s te olr ha a t ke si ofdi n'dot ar d hetc f i t easiy s if t com pettve neces t t tbecaus ze ppi s e aest i unctons' hat l ats y he ii siy es e pr udi com pett s lke FBD f om copyi any oft e as s ofdi n'dot woul elm i t ecl ng ior i r ng hes pect ppi s d i na e al com pett s i t t h-rozen i cr l ior n he las f ce eam m ar ,w hi woul be t uli a e non-eput i ket ch d he tm t r aton- r ae dia va ag ' .Thercodevi nc ov wh mi ys rst tPlitf sta edrs i eltd s d nt e.) ' e r de e er el ngl uppo t ha anif r d es s f tona und rt do t i o a s he i f nc i lt . 91 unc i l e he c rne f e t tc u tona i , y 0 9Oneoft cai e el he l m d ement, al hi t tc s as ng ha onnecst laft t a m oft CocoI l chari esentalt t t he e o he r he se i s s i o he c tucin oft c rasPl n ifsCEO eve c dedandi i t ef ef nci lu rt frtcae r onsr to he hai aitf ' n once t s her or u tona nde he ts tgo y. g 1 14 1 5 1 - . DE 1 -, 8 : 121J 1 D e piecar ng t bur t pr istaded es i non-u i l Pl ntf sopposton bre i xplc y 0 s t ryi he den o ove t r r ss f nctona, ai if ii if ne iabl i est tr quieme .l le ofa e sngDef ntsa gu gnor ha e r nt n iu ddr s i enda ' r mentt tPl ntf sta dr s i fmci l ha ai if r de e s s t tona, Pl ntf,a c i r bl lngt a gu t tDefnda scopid isde ins I s doi Pl ntf hasputt cat ai if t onsde a e e h, r es ha e nt e t sg . n o ng, ai if he r bef et hore.UntlPlitf s or he s i an if howsistaded es i pr eca e,W ooda d, a t r r s s ot tbl r or nyoneele woul befeet co s, d r o py Panifscame ta ed es Se Ta xDe ie,nc v Mk ' Di a s I c, 3 U. 23 2 ( 01 C-rd litf' li d rd rs. e r Fi vc s l . . tg s y , n .5 2 S. , 9 20 ) d a e pl f d e spr t tonm us s itwiht r c nii t ti m a i t nc t r i no pr biin a ns c ng r s oeci t ubss t he e og ton ha n ny nsa es he e s ohi to gai t opyi goodsa pr t.l ge r ,unl sa i elecualpr t rghts h a apae orc i pr e sa iem,i nd oducs n ne al es n nt l t opery i uc s tnt opyrght otct n t t The de i n e e en s Pl i if s e t c ai a pr t c ed ta d es a e c m m on t t e s g l m t a ntf e ks o l m s o e t r de r s r o o h topi a m o i.Pl i if c a m s i t ala,t t is i ha r d i ' ( e o na e a i ' S a e a r c l tf a ntf l i , n er i ha t s i esgn, s g r m nt ton, û bl nd c ' l 't c i de i ' ç ln w r ppi g,' d ntfnih, S a i ' a (l s ngs'a e pr ec e t a dr s The ha r sgn, d n a n ' S 'a pai i s ' s brc ' nd da hi ' r ot t d r de es . 'f topi a m o i i r f r nta o r tan a ba boo f niur oft e topi and,a ong o he f a ur s r c l tf s e e e i l f al nd m ur t e h r cs m t r et e, i udes cur ng,nat als i f am e f m s f i i na ur col s lke br n and bei and cas ncl vi ur itc r or , abrcs n t al or i ow ge, t or ent applcatons m eant t r em bl nat alf ur i bam boo. I i welnam i i o es e ur eat es n t s ldocum ent i t ed n he r d t Pl ntf i s mpl one of m any pr ecor hat ai if s i y oducer oft opi f niur t t cur enty us t e s r cal ur t e ha r l es hes t echni ques. For exam pl Tom m y Baham a' H i s Gr Colecton us nat al undul i e, s bicus ove l i es ur , atng fam e f m sand cas bam boo knot Lane Vent e' Sum m erPor and Tr tons Colecton each r or t s. ur s ch ansii l i i por e l hi ncor at as ngs. Ll Fl oyd ander s lcane' and ûpens l' fnihes ar br n and m ahogany s' d ' d hel' i s e ow r espec i y. tvel I Pl i ifw e e gr nt d t s e pi g t a dr s pr t c i n i s e ,a lot rm a ac ur r f a ntf r a e he w e n r de e s o e to t e ks 1 he nuf t e s w oul be f ecl ed f om utlzi curvi nat alsi f am e f m s, nat al col f i cas d or os r ii ng ng, ur itc r or ur or abrcs, t or ent applcatons t si ul e na ur f ur i bam boo, si ul ed l hi , or fnihes nam al i i hat m at t al eat es n m at as ngs i s evocatve of t opi m a eral Gr i Pl ntf a m onopol on t e f ur w oul put i r cal t i s. antng ai if y hes eat es d com pett s i t topi pa i f niur i ty at ior n he r cal to ur t e ndusr si fcant non- eput i r a ed gnii r aton-elt diadvant s age. Ther or appl ng t com par i necesst t t t e el ent ar f i . ef e, yi he atve iy es , hes em s e unctonal Consqu nty,s e e l ummayj gme mus b ga e frDef da s r ud nt t e rntd o en nt. TheeiNoRec dEvde eo c ndar Me n r s or i nc fse o y anig A ss i t Pl ntf coul have s um ng hat ai if d hown is cl m ed t ade dr w as non-unctonal i t ai r ess f i ,t woul alo have t s d s o how is tade dr s has achi ved secondar m eani .1 Secondar m eani i t r es e y ng 1 y ng s wil esbe toc p ig' . lb u j c t o yn .) ' 1 A pr d rs eki tadedr spr eci m us pr veispr ti ditnc i . M il ' Al H ou ,I .v 1 es ot ton t o t oduc s si tve o uce e ng r lers e se nc . Bo no Ca oiaAl Ho s, LC, 0 F.d 1 1 1 2 ( lhCi. 01 ) Prvo sy ap o u e c udp o e y tn r ln e u e L 7 2 3 3 2, 3 2 1t r 2 2 . e iu l, r d c r o l r v ditnci nes et rby s i ispr tt bei e l ditnci orupon s si tve s ihe how ng t oduc o nhernty si tve howi i ha a hi d s c ng t d c eve e ondar y me nng Ho v r i Wa- r So e, n . . a r Brs, 2 U.. 0 (0 0 ,h S pe Co r h l a a i . we e,n lMa t trs I c v S ma a o .5 9 S 2 5 2 0 )te u rme u t ed pr tsde in co d ne rbei e l ditnc i andt r o e,apr ers eki tadedr spr eci oduc' sg ul ve nhernty si tve he efr oduc e ng r es ot ton acquied when ti t m i of t publc,t prm ar si fcance of a pr r sn he nds he i he i y gnii oduct f ur ...i t eat e so i iy t s ce oft pr dentf he our he oductr hert t pr at han he oductis f' See I t el.' nwood Labs,Inc.v.I Labs. . ves , I ,45 U. 8 8 ,n.11(982 . W hehe ap o tha esabls d s c day me ni i a nc. 6 S. 44, 51 1 ) t r r duc s t ihe e on r a ng s ques i off . Her t r d does notcont n diectevi ton act e, he ecor ai r dence t t cl m ed desgn el ent hat he ai i em s of Coco I l or Cabana Bay had achi ses eved s econdar m eani nor can s h a fndi be m ade by y ng, uc i ng si pl i er m e nf ence. The bur t esabls t a pr den o t ih hat oduct achi eved s econdar m eani les wih t Pl ntf . y ng i t he ai if G# o L a nn Fo n ain I c v F I c,3 9 F3 7 2 ( 1h Ci.2 0 ) T e Elv nh t f e r ig u d t n . . GC, n . 2 .d 9 1 t r 0 3 . h e e t o Cicui s pr r t' edecess cour i cat t t bes w ay f a pl ntf t pr or t ndi ed hat he t or ai if o ove is pr t oduct has achi eved s econdar m eani i s vey evi y ng s ur dence. Al Creme Labs. I v.M is I ,423 F. oe , nc. lan, nc. 2d 8 849(t ci.1 )2ti ec efiquiyi t att oft c ume twadt mak;d si 45 5h r 970 1 k Th hi n r s he tiude he ons r o r he r oe t denot t hi a,S ngl t ng com i f om a sngl sour ? Shor of a s eo m si e hi ng r i e ce'' t urvey,t s i difcul of hi s fi t die tpr f' (ntr lciainomit ) rc oo .) i ena tto ' ted .Thercodc ansnet rc ume s v ye de enor e r onti ihe ons r ure vi nc Ot diectevi her r dence pr i Ofsecondar m eani s as t tm ony fom consum er ates i t obatve y ng uch es i r s t tng o t rr hei ecognii t t colec ons'desi nsareas at Wih PrdeFam iy Br ton hat he l ti g soci ed t i l ands.3 l W her a Pl ntf cannotm ar haldiectevi e ai if s r dence ofsecondar m eani s y ng, econdar m eani y ng can s il be pr tl oven by i er nf ence,but t bur i hi For evi he den s gh. dence t a pr hat oducthas atai t ned s o r me ni t Elve h Cic tl t 1 t lngt a ma neroftepr c' us ;2 ec nday a ng he e nt rui ooks o: ) he e h nd n h odu ts e ) ne edt s w s onda ymea ng.1i a 21 Pli ifsopposton ove l kst WalM ar r eanda gue , ed o ho ec r ni t t 6. antf ' ii roo he - t ul r s er n o sy,h t anifsd sg saee tte t ta ede spoe to b vru o ih rn dsicie es ( ro e u l ta Plitf ein r n i d o rd rs rtcin y ite fn ee t it t n s. DE l n v 1 1p 5-6. 2 , p. ) 1 I Bo 2 n nnerv. Ci o ih r , 61F.d 1 6 1 0 ( lhCi.98 )(nb n ) teElv nhCic ia o tda t fprc a d 6 2 20 , 2 9 1 t r1 1 e a c,h e e t rut d pe s y bi ngpr ce taldecsonsoft f me Fi Cicui hande downpro t Oc o rl 1 1. ndi e den l ii he or r Ah r t d ir o t be , 98 1 Tot e e t t r or e denc c ai sae en sby Pli ifsprnci l t tf ng t Prde' pr t' 3 he xtnt hat he ec d vi e ont ns ttm t antf i pas esiyi o i s oducs s ro quaiy ori upe ir lt nnovaton,t esaement a ei ufi e t r s agen nediput is f til Pl ntf s i hos tt s r ns fcint o aie ui s ed s ue or ra. ai if oblgai i t s pr t tEe tbls st publcm i 'a t wheherispr t a ea s ae wiht i i ton s o how oof ha ssa ihe he i nd' s o t t oducs r s ocitd t her pr e .Al Cr m eLabs,I .423F. a 8 Ass oduc r oe e . nc 2d t 49. uch,Pl nifca aitf nnotr y ons fs vng saem e sm a el el-er i tt nt de by aprncpalrgar nghi own i pr so ofPrde' pr t ,hei r nown,o r puaton a t s a s ri ae i i e di s m es ins i s oduc s t r e r e t i s he e s e tons r non- obai oft publcm i pr tve he i nd. 8 t n tr a e e ofa e tsng a prmoto 3 t ef t mad by pl ntf t pr t a he aue nd xtnt dv rii nd o in; ) he fors e ai if o omoe c cousc ci i t publc'mi bewe nt tad dr sa pli ifsb i s;an 4)t onsi onne ton n he i s nd t e he r e es nd antf usne s d he e tn t whi t p i a t ly i ntfe te na wih pli ifsgo a sr ies Gtto xe t o ch he ublc cual de iis h me t antf ods nd e vc . f f Le ni g Fou ton I . 3 F. a 800. A n i e e e of s on r m e ni c nno b dr wn ar n nda i , nc , 29 3d t nf r nc ec da y a ng a t e a f t sr d evi rom hi ecor dence. Fis , t l ngt a d m a e of us f c o s sr gl c a i t a Gndi of s c a y r t he e h n nn r e a t r ton y ut ga ns ng e ond r m eani The Coco I l colecton had been on t m ar t f t years Cabana Bay f ni l ng. ses l i he ke or en , or ne. n t tm e Car' Pato s d bot butwhen Car ' dipl hat i ls i ol h, l s s ayed t f niur i af i isown hangt he ur t e, t fxed t ags. Des t t over ldesgn,a Car ' c t erw oul lkel a r onabl beleve,t Car' m ade pie he al i ls usom d i y, nd eas y, i hat ls t f r t e; v y ltl , i an hi i c t s Prde Fa iy Br nds a t aly m a a t ed i. he u niur er ite f yt ng, ndi a e i m l a cu l nuf c ur t Bec u e Prde e bl d is r t l r c t e s t c t m i e f a e fnihes a d f brc t t r lki a s i na e t e aie usom r o us o z r m i s n a i s o hei i ng, oferng as m any as s f i event dif ent fni hes and ni een dif ent f i dependi on een f er i s net f er abrcs ng colec i and pi i i even l s lkel t cusom er coul i iy a partcul pi as bei a l ton ece, t s es i y hat t s d dentf i ar ece ng Prdepr c ba e o isde i e e e sa on i odu t s d n t sgn l m nt l e. S ppi f t m o e tt s c f c o a t ni t t t r Prde' eforst dr w a ki ng or he m n he e ond a t r nd ur ng o he hid, i s f t o a connecton bet i ween is tade dr and is busi s,by of erng is colectons under t ee s at t r ess t nes f i t l i hr epar e br nds Pl n ifhasm a i l s lke y t ta gi n c t e woul ln Prde f r t e' ta dr s a , ai tf de t es i l ha ve usom r d i k i u niur s r de es w ih is Prde Fa iy Br nds orgi Fore m pl ,a c t e who bou t a Coc l l s c i unde t t i ml a i n. xa e us om r gh o s e ha r r Ca tle br nd a d kne Ca tle t be a s a e wih Pr d Fa iy Br nds m i s t s m e c i s il a n w s il o s ocit d t i e m l a , ght ee he a har atdif entr aierbutsol undert Pr tge br fer et l d he es i and. Thi cus om erw oul be l s lkel t as at s t d es i y o soci e t Pr tge br chai w ih Pri t i Prde had unior br ng. he esi and r t de, han f i f m andi The s econd f or advertsng and pr oton, and t f h f or ext of act act , ii om i he ourt act , ent ual i ii i ar notusef t t anal s because t r d evi dentfcaton, e ul o he ysi he ecor dence i i ufi entt dr any s ns fci o aw m e ni ul c ncl i a out s co r m e ni l G i n t t Pl i if ca not s a ngf o usons b e nda y a ng.4 ve ha a ntf n how is c ai e t lm d ta edrs a hive sc r me ni s rd e s c e d e onday a ng ummayj me mus b ga e f Dee ans r udg nt t e rntd or fnd t. Th ei NoRe or Evien o odu tCon son er s c d d ce fpr c fu i A s i f t stl t tnon- unctonalt and secondar m eani had been esabls sum ng urher il ha f i iy y ng t i hed, tee r ofs h nty ummayj men f Dee ns woul no tel sber uie frat r ra o r udg t or fnda t d neh es eq rd o hid e s n t r d evi he ecor dence doesnots uppor a fndi ofcusom erconf on bas on W oodar susi t i ng t usi ed d' ng si iartade dr s. l t El ml r es n he event Cicui,coursm us w ei each oft f l i s h r t t t gh he olow ng even f t t ac ors o deemi i ac ume i lk yt becmf edbysmiaiyi t pates ta des: ( )te tr ne f ons r s iel o t us i lrt n he ri 'rde r s 1 h srngt oft tad drs,( t smiaiyofdesgn,()t smiaiyoft pr t()t te h he r e es 2) he i lrt i 3 he i lrt he oduc,4 he smiaiyofrtioult a purh es ( t smiaiyo a rii me ausd,()t i lrt eal tes nd c asr,5) he i lrt f dvetsng di e 6 he dee a 'i e ,a ( a t lc uson.AmBrtI .v KrjtI .81 F. 1 31( 1hCi. fnd nts ntnt nd 7) cua onf i i nc . a nc, 2 2d 5 1 t r , 1 6) Oft esve fcor,hefrt srngt o ta drs,a dl ta talc nf in,aet 98 . hes e n a t s t is, te h f rde es n as, cu o uso r he mos i tn.St St kh eandSal ,I .v foneStrStak s ( Salono or a, tmpora t ar ea ous oon nc . a e hou e f o fGe gi I .1 F.d 1 9,1 2( 1hCi.1 ) Thebur nofsowi c usoni o t Pli if nc, 22 3 37 38 1 t r 997 . de h ng onf i s n he antf. fei v. War e Br .I .2 2F. 1 l 1 l ( 1hCi. gh n r os, nc, 1 3d 2 0, 2 6 1 t r2000 .5 ' s f t sar dicus ed )1 rhe even ac or e s s outofor der. Fact s one and s or even ar dicus ed fr t f or t ee,f ,fve,and t ar di s e s s is , act s hr our i wo e scus ed next and f orsx i dicuss l t , act i s s ed as . ' Prde' coleci we epimr d i s e c al t c 4 i s l tons r c e n als at ogs he ompanypr eda a a lcos of$75, andalo i oduc t n nnua t 000 s n t ma i Heat & Home,Cas lLi ng,Luxe,a Fl i De i W ih r pe tt t caal e he gaznes rh ua vi nd orda sgn. t es c o he t og xpendimes t , t r lva i r i no how muc Pli ifs nto adve tsng, how efeci i wasi f t rng a he ee nt nquiy s t h antf pe n rii but f tve t n osei c n co s eso o ii AleCr meLa s,nc 4 3F.da 8 0(t Ci. 9 0 . Th r i n rc r e ie c t o s iu n s f rgn. o e b.I . 2 2 t 5 5h r 1 7 ) ee s o e od vd n e o s g e t a,fa y, fettectlg h do t pu i, riteea yo j ciee ie efo whiht ifr u g s wh t i n afc h aao s a n he bl no s h r n be tv vd nc r m c o ne c wha t ti t ha mpac m i ha bee Thercor i sl tast how m a c al w e epr t ght ve n. e d s ien o ny at ogs r oduce wher t y we e d, e he r diti e a t r t tades srbutd par fom he r hows t whom t yweediti e andhow t y wer diti e Si l l ,o he r srbutd, he e srbutd. miary, t ei i ufi en evi east t diti ton ofHe t & Hom e,Cas lLi ng,Luxe,a Fl i Desgn her s ns fci t denc o he srbu i arh ua vi nd orda i maga nest m a anyr la econcusons The ei no r or evi eco e ni how ge zi o ke eibl l i . r s ec d denc nc r ng quenty t c lc i l he ole tons weeadve ts d ort extntt whih t a riem e slnke et rt Coc Il orCa r rie he e o c he dve ts nt i d ihe he o ses banaBa cole i t y lctons o PrdeFa iy Br nds.W ihr pe t t f rh fcor e de eofa ua i tf ai oft m a a m r rbyt i ml a t es ct o he ou t a t , vi nc ct l denik ton he nufc e he pu i ba edon t ma k,t r i noevi nc i t r cor t two d s blc s he r he e s de e n he e d ha ul uppor s h ac usi t uc oncl on. 1 Pl ntf cam sDef ntca re t bur n on lkelhood ofc uson. ( 1 p. .Plit fse t h v 5 ai if li enda ris he de i i onf i DE 21 6) ani e ms o a e f ov l d t whent Fe alCic tr e La m Actcl m si applest lw oft r onalcic ti erooke hat he der r ui eviws nha ai t i he a he egi r ui n whihtecam oiiae CPG Pr d .Cops v Pe a u Lu a e l c, 7 F.d1 0 1 1( d Ci. 9 ) c h li rgn td. o s r . . g s s gg g , n .7 6 2 0 7, 01 Fe . r 1 85. A ss h,Elvent Cic tl nott Se ondCic tcas lw on whih Pl ntf ha r id,c r s uc e h rui aw, he c r ui e a c ai if s ele ontol. 10 Fact O ne and Seven ors Srngta des i c tst pr uc' s c Forexa e b obsr tonofus t to rde r s ndiae he od ts oure. mpl, y evai j t he Coc Col c our bote, co ume kno t orgi oft ts a.Se Roc andRolHalo a a ont ed tl a ns r ws he i n ha od e k l lf Fa andMus m,I .v Ge iePr s,1 4F. 7 (t Ci.1 ) I f lwsta wh ea me eu nc . ntl od . 3 3d 49 6h r 998. t olo h t er pr oducthasa sr tade dr s and a rvalappr i t i,t consum eri m or lkel t be tong r es i opr a es t he s ei yo c us d ast t rval oduc ' orgi Tu ni t Prde sc ai e tad dr s i i a r n t a i onf e o he i pr t s i n. r ng o i ' l m d r e es , t s ppa e t h t s nott cas her Asdi cus above i r aton t s he e e. s sed n el i o econdar m eani t f ur Pri cl m sas y ng, he eat es de ai tade dr sar generc aeshetc el ent oft topi m otf. Ther i no evi r es e i t i em s he r cal i es dence fom whi t r ch o concl t i a hypot i consum ersaw an unl l Coco l esorCabana Bay f niur pi ude hat f hetcal abeled sl ur t e ece he woul r d ecogni bas on isdesi al t i w asm ade by Prde. ze, ed t gn one, hat t i N ori t e any evi s her dencet tany act cons erhasm it ha ual um s aken aJum by Bay pi f one ece or m ade by Pri Pl ntf cl m st dt e wasdefniel conf on on t par oft consum er'and de. ai if ai hat sher i ty usi he t he ' cie t t de ii ofCEO StveLows f fcua s ppor.( 1 11 !21 Lo kydic ss ts o he poston e ky or a t l u t DE 2 - , . ws s use t i tnc sfom Prde' i esiai butnet ra wo nsa e r i s nv tg ton, ihe mounst a t lc u rc uson.( t o cua ons me onf i DE 1l14 1 9: 1 . 1 - 1 .l t frti tnc ,aPrdei si t pos da ac ume a - 9 5- 0, 97 981 n he is nsa e i nvetgaor e s ons r nd pp. wast d by dif entr aier t Jum by Bay f niur wasbeterand cheapert Coco l l or ol fer et l s hat ur t e t han ses wast d t a Prde c ul no l nge s y t e sor l t s c i t nc a r t l ri N e Yor ol h t i o d o r uppl h t e. n he e ond ns a e, e aie n w k caled Lowsky t r l o eportt a W oodar s esm an of er t s lhi açcoco l e l alke.' hat d al f ed o el m ç sl ook- i ' N eiheroft e i evi t hes s dence ofact conf i by a cons erbased on W oodar sus ofsi iar ual uson um d' e m l tade dr r ess. As s t sevent pr couns sagai ta fndi ofconsum erconf i uch, he h ong el ns i ng uson. Fact s Tw o,Three,Four,and Fi or ve Tr dr cannotbe vi ed i a vacuum . How t tade dr s f i i t m a ket ade ess ew n he r es unctons n he r pl i an i port consder i i det m i ng m ar conf i See e. ,D ipi 'Dot,I , ace s m ant i aton n er ni ket uson. g. p n s nc. 36 F. a 1 ( lhCi. 4)( i t tde insmia i i rasdlkelh o c u i 9 3d t 028 1 t r 200 Notng ha sg i lrt nce e i iood f onfson y b ca s iec e m nov te a ei uleiems s dt h re s pe s) Gr y v M ete ,. . 2 e u e c ra elis r mp s t , ol o urid hop r .; a . i r J , 95 nc F.d6 (t Ci. )( ndi alw lkei ofc f inbewe nsor brndpopc na 3 4l 6h r 2001 Fi ng o i lhood onuso t e t e a or nd na i lbr n po or wih smia l el be a e sor b a po or wa o as el wih o he tona a d pc n t i lr ab s c us t e r nd pc n s n h f t t r sor brnds ac f ) Thus whe e al tngfcor t t e ,f r a fve-smiart of t e a n k ood. , n v uai a t s wo,hre ou , nd i i l iy desi sm iart oft pr gn, i l iy he oduct si iart ofr ai outet and pur er ,and sm iart of , m l iy et l l s chas s i l iy adverts ng m tdi us -t w ay t t ii a ed ht ht rade dr act l w or i t m ar i l nctseach f of ess ualy ks n he ket nfue acet t anal i . he ys s Fact st ee,f ,and fve,do notsr y f or hr our i tongl avora lkelhood ofconf i Fact t ee i i uson. or hr c i r t sm ia iy oft pr c . He e t pr onsde s he i l rt he odu t r , he oduc sa e bot o do f r t e c l c i i t r h ut or u niur ole tons n t topi m otf Si iary,t r d evi he r cal i. m l l he ecor dence ast t f t f t ,sm iart ofr ai oute s o he ourh ac or i l iy et l lt and pur er show sbot Prde and W oodar s d t rcolectonst t sa e cusom er out chas s, h i d ol hei l i o he m t s, door f niur r aier i udi Car ' Pato. The r d evi ur t e et l s ncl ng ls i ecor dence i i um ci t dr any concl ons s ns ent o aw usi ast f orfve,t si iart ofPrde' and W oodar sadveri ng. o act i he m l iy i s d' tsi Thesc ndfcor smiaiyofde i sr gl di v sta t r wa c nf sonbewe e o a t , i lrt sgn,ton y s or h t hee s o u i t en fa Pl ntf ' and W oodar scolectons Pl ntf alegest W oodar sJum by colecton i i i ai ifs d' l i . ai if l hat d' l i s dentcal i ever w ay t Pl ntf' Coco l l and Cabana Bay colectons1 Even i i w er as ed t n y o ai if s se l i .6 f t e sum hat W oodar sand Pl ntf ' colectonswer i i ,t El d' ai ifs l i e dentcal he event Cicui r r t si iart of h r t equies hat m l iy d s gn i e al t d i t dc nt toft ta dr s a whol ' AmBr t I ' 8l F. a 1 40. e i s v ua e n he s o ex he r de e s s e. ' i, nc, 2 2d t 5 Her t w ay t colectonsar m ar ed m akesconf i bet e, he he l i e ket uson ween t t o hi y unlkel Pri he w ghl i y. de ndusr tci s et l s l is f niur excl i y t r t l s' A si ty pari pant , r aiersar a s s i t els t ur t e usvel o e aier .? e ophitca ed 1 Plitf doesnotaddr st a r ntl ca i nsse y ofisposton gi t tPl ntf sCEO tx ane 6 an if es he ppae ogi l nco itnc t ii ven ha ai if pli d t tCaba Ba i difr ntfom Coc Ilsi t ti i madefom l gert ng, samor û utca f el'a ha na y s fe e r o se n ha t s r ar ubi ha e t i l e ,' nd na wasdesgne t appe t adifr ntcusom er i do al o fe e t . 1 Eve i t r lva c t e de og a cf t c usona l i wer end- eco um er, t lkelhood of 7 n f he ee nt usom r m r phi or he onf i nayss e us ns s he i i conf i i l Fis,a i notd ele r br r cog ton i t pai f niur i ty i lw. Stve uson s ow. rt s s e s whee, and e nii n he to ur t e ndusr s o e n Lows sat i hi de iin t tt mos i t f t si acusome sbuyi decii we eprc comf q ky t ed n s posto ha he t mporant acor n t r' ng son r ie, or a a r nc Thi s nd ppea a e. s uggesst tacons e doesnotm a pur hasng decsonsbas d onbr nd.Sec t ha um r ke c i ii e a ond, out pai f r tlei nota i s ie .Thercor e de es door to u nitr s n mpule tm e d vi nc howst tout f r t r pice c n rt i ha door u niu e e s a e al f rmor t n $100 dola s So whiePrdeand W ooda dmi tbec i edbyt s mee us r acons o e ha , 0 lr . l i r gh onsder he a nd- e , umer l ng f Prdem adef niur woul lkel unde tkes ei si tongi wha t pr tc t. ooki or i ur t e di y ra om nve tgai ven t he oduc oss c t e b e who,i c n be a s usom r as ta s umed, know t dif r ntm a ke pl ye s a d a e f m ii rwih he fe e r t a r n r a la t d ve o t t i de i nsan c nge i prc ng.The m a ke i c nne s i t pa i f r t e e l pm n s n s g d ha s n i i r tng ha l n he to u niur i ty ar w el- t ihed. M anuf ur s,i udi Prde,show t rcolectonsatt i yearl ndusr e lesabls act er ncl ng i hei l i w ce- y t ade s s apr s r how , e- how i Jul and a m ai s n y n how i Sept ber Prde l ed l ge dipl n em . i eas ar s ay s r satt e tade event wher onl iscolectonsw er dipl how oom hes r s e yt l i e s ayed. Addii l a tonaly, manuf ur m i send a s esr es atve t cal on a r iercusom er. Sal r esent i act er ght al epr ent i o l eu l t es epr atves onl s d one m anuf t er slne off niur A s St y ol ac ur ' i ur t e. even Low s t tfed,Syou know when a s es ky es ii t al rpwal i fom Woodad, ssli W oo r pr t'( 1114, 8: 9. e ks n r r he' elng dad oduc. DE - 21 4-1 ' ii i. Fact Si or x Fi l t sxt f orconsder a def naly, he i h act i s endant' i enti co- i Pl ntf st ade dr s nt n optng ai if r ess. Pli ifh vi r l ague ta Dee nsCoo na Woodadco edPrdesde ins no us antf as goousy r d h t fnda t ga nd r pi i ' sg , tj t t capialze on Prde' goodw ili t i ty,butoutofbad f t Jam i Low s Prde' o ti i s l n he ndusr aih. e ky, i s Pr i ,goess f ast s at i hi deposii t Coogan wasdso hat ulofPrde t no m ater esdent o ar o t e n s ton hat c ef i hat t wh ehewe hewasv eult c atrus... ( postonofJ mi Lows DE 61 94:- 0) er nt eng f o ome fe ' De ii ' a e ky, , 11 . Lowsky' s s pecul i ast Coogan' m otvesar uns atons o s i e upport by t r d evi ed he ecor dence. M or eover, t hough Prde r i eads W oodar s s d' uccess ulefor t di ace Prde' colectons i t m ar as f f t o spl i s l i n he ket e de eofba fih,t r or e de es vi nc d at he ec d vi nc upporsafndigt tWoodaden ge i r t i n ha r ga d nfai com petton. ii TheSu e Cour rc ni di T a xDe ie ,nc v Mk ' Diplys Ic.5 U. 23, prme t e og ze n rfFi vc s I . . tg s a , n , 32 S. 29( )t ti t ta des ral (nma i tnce t r i n pr bii a ai tc n 2001,ha n he rde r s e m d ny nsa s hee s o ohi ton g ns opyig i goodsand pr t ' Thi i es aly tue wher t cl m ed t ade dr s i t pr oduc s.' s s peci l r e he ai r es s he oducts desgn. ' i Ast Cour e ai dA lowi com pett st copy w ilhave sal ar efect i m any i t he t xpl ned: t l ng ior o l ut y f s n nsances. Rever engi ng ofchem i and m echani ari es i t publc dom ai oft l t se neeri cal cal tcl n he i n en eads o sg fc nta nc si tch og ' 1 (nen q ai maksan cttono te . iniia dva e n e nol y. d. itral uotton r d iai mitd) ' W oodar devel d oped t J by Bay lne i cons t i w ih Car' ,who pr ousl bought he um i n ulaton t ls evi y 13 Prde sc lc i .W oodad c nge ispr t y de i ba e on Ca lsr omme a i t a i ' ole tons r ha d t o otpe sgns s d r' ec nd ton o dd l hi and t t e t chai ar s. As i di sed above, Prde doe notha e a m o pol on t e as ngs o lar he r m s scus i s v no y h a i a i n ofl s ng ora o he ge rc e e en o t topi a m otf W ihou m o e,W oo r s pplc to a hi ny t r ne i l m t f he r c l i . t t r da d' e f r st r n ne rpr uc st c f m t a c t e d m a s c nno b f d t be a ba f t f o t o ee gi e od t o on or o usom r e nd a t e oun o d aih atemptt engage i delbera e conf on. t o n i t usi To t ext Pl ntf atem pt t cl m t tCoogan' r er i aboutaddi l hi ar he ent ai if t s o ai ha s es vatons ng as ngs e i c tve ofhi k l dg t tW ooda d delb r t l co ed Prde spr duc sf rt pur e of ndi a i s now e e ha r i e a ey pi i ' o t o he pos c f i c t m e s Pl ntf ove e e t r c d e de e. Coo n s a e t the di no w a on us ng us o r , ai if r xt nds he e or vi nc ga t t d ha d t nt t a l hi ssmpl be a eheha d t tbeo ewhiede i ngfrPrde.( 83- pp. 2o dd as ng i y c us d one ha fr l sgni o i DE 2, 5 53..WhiePl nifs e t i ec ci n sofguitt t ts tme ,Co n' he ia e 1 l aitf e ms o mput ons ouses l o ha eni nt oga s stnc m i te ualy be a crb t a de i ne ' de ie no t tea gr nd he ha ale d c r d. Pl i if gh q l s i ed o s g r s s r t o r d ou s r a y ove e a ntf al o cies W oodar sus ofa Coco l l chai i t devel entoft Jum by Bay colecton. A s s t d' e s es r n he opm he l i n ed a e, e r e e ne rng i no un m m on i a va ua e t olwhih ofe f t r ot bov r ve s ngi e i s t co s l bl o c t n urhe s c m pe ii i t m a ke pl c o tton n he r t a e.Her D e en ntschi fe ne rRe d St uf e t s ii W o r s e, f da ' e ngi e e a f r e tfed oda d' desgn t sudi t Coco I l chai i or t s pas is l ofcom f t On bal i tam t ed he ses r n der o ur s t evel or . ance,i i ts e d ntt tt r c d e d ncedoe nots ppor Pl n ifs c nt n i t tde end nt e a d i vi e ha he e or vi e s u t ai tf o e ton ha f a s ng ge n bad f t t t e entt i pora e el ent ofPl ntf stade dr aih o he xt hey ncor t em s ai if r ess. Over l bas on t al, ed he r d evi ecor dence,Pl ntf cannots ai if how a lkelhood ofconf on i t m i ofcons er bet i i usi n he nds um s ween J yBa a Coc ll o Ca naBa f niu e Fort sa tona ra o s umb y nd o ses r ba y ur tr . hi ddii l e s n, ummayj me r udg nt on Pl i if sta dr s i r n m e cl i m us be e e e f rDef nda s a ntf' r de e s nf i ge nt a m t nt r d o e nt . TH E REM AINING CLAIM S NoneofPli ifsrmai ngcai ,CommonLaw Unfi Co tton( am 11,Unus antf' e ni l ms ar mpeii Cli 1) j t Enrc n ( ai l , ndUnfi o De pi Acsa Prci s( am V) ale ea yfcsor ihme t Cl m V) a ar r ct tve t nd a tce Cli , lg n a t ij yide nde toft erltdt Pl ntf sPae l rnge nt( ai 1 a Fas De inain nur n pe n hos eae o ai if tnt nfi me Cl m ) nd le sg to ofOrgi cl ms( am 1) Be a eDee n' di noti rng Pl nifsde inpae sorta i n ai Cli 1. c us fnda ts d nfi e aitf' sg tnt rde drs,he ecamsn es rl f la s es t s li ec saiy ai nd ummayj me tmus bee ee frDee a sone c r udg n t ntrd o fnd nt a h cl na. ai V. CO NC LU SIO N Gi nt tt rc de de efist etbls ()t tPli ifsta drs i nonve ha he e or vi nc al o sa ih i ha antf rde e s s f tona;(i t tPl ntf' pr csha a hive s o r me ni (i)a t tDee n ' unci l i) ha ai ifs odu t d c e d ec nday a ng; ii nd ha fnda ts J by Bay cole i w oul cause cons er t be conf ed about is desi i of ori n,bas um lcton d um s o us t gnaton gi ed ontef eg ng,s h or oi ummayj dgme mus beenee f d en ntast Cli 1 l lg oft sa d r u nt t trd or ef da o am . n iht hi n t ear i fndi t t ofPl ntf s desgn pat sw er i i and Def he ler i ng hat wo ai if i ent e nvald endant di noti ri s d nf nge Pl nifs v i de in pae t,s aitf ald sg tns ummay j me tmus be ga e a t al rmai ng cli . r udg n t rntd s o l e ni ams Ther or i i ef e, t s ORDERED THAT ( )Defnda ' Se ondan Fi Moi f SummayJ men ( 11 )i l e nts c d nal ton or r udg t DE 1 s GR ANTED . ( Exc ptf Doc tEnty2 Agre Plitf' Moto t Se DE l a 2) e or ke r 2, e d anifs in o al 21 nd Exhi t , hi h i r s l d b s pa a e Or r a 1pe ng m otons a e D EN I A S M O O T. bis w c s e o ve y e r t de , 1 ndi i r ED ( TheCouts lspaaeye tr ud ntf l ngt rs l inoft f t omi 3) r hal e rtl ne j gme olowi he e outo he orhc ng Ore t Show Ca e.( eDE 1 2,p.1,n.) dro us Se 3 . 1. D ON E AN D ORDERED i M i i Fl i t s n am , orda, hi W day ofJanuar 201 y 4. av ' . 4PA TRI A A .SEI CI TZ UN I TED STATES D I STRI JUD GE CT cc: Honor e Andr M .Si ont abl ea m on A l couns ofr d l el ecor 15
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