Ray v. City of Opa-Locka, Florida et al, No. 1:2012cv21769 - Document 41 (S.D. Fla. 2013)
Court Description: ORDER granting 30 Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 7/1/2013. (lbc)
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Ray v. City of Opa-Locka, Florida et al Doc. 41 UN I TED STATES DI STRI COU RT CT SOUTHERN DI STRI 0F FLORI CT DA CASE NO.1 CV- 769- TZ/ M ONTON 2- 21 SEl SI ZON YA C.RA Y, Pl ntf, ai if CI OF O PA - CK A ,FLO RI A ,e a . TY LO D t l, D e kndant . t s / ORDER GM NTI M O TI FOR SUM M ARY JUDG M ENT NG ON TH I M A TTER i bef e t Cour on Def nda ,Ciy ofO pa Locka' ,M oton f S s or he t e nt t s i or Su r J d me t( 3 ) Plitf Re p n e( 3 ) a dDee d n ' Re l g 4 J mma y u g n DE- 0 , an ips s o s DE- 5 , n f n a ts py DE- 0 . 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' i s a e l he ot rdef nda ,Br an K .Fi e i notna e i t Sec A m ende Com pl i . ' r he e nt y nni , s m d n he ond d a nt Dockets.Justia.com 1. UN DISPU TED M A TER I L FA CT SZ A The Par i s te De e nti am unii lt l a e i M im iDa Count Fl i I i go m e by a f nda s c paiy oc t d n a - de y, orda. t s ve d c omm ison,whi h,a ong ot rt ngs a nt aCiyM a er si c m he hi , ppoi s t nag .TheCiy M ana ri t ge s r s nsbl f a ntng, rng, om otng, upe v sng,a r m ovi al Ciy e pl e , e po i e or ppoi i hii pr i s r i i nd e ng 1 t m oye s wihafw exc ptonsir e tt t sc e.( 3 1. Thus t CiyM a ge hadt t e e i relvan o hi as DE- 2- ) , he t na r he a hort t pr ut iy o omot e pl est t poston ofDiecoroft De rme ofPa ksa e m oye o he ii r t he pa t nt r nd Re r ai ( ksDe rt nt. c e ton Par pa me ) pli ifwasbor onocobe 27,1 ( . ;6:6. Shegrduaedfom M imi antf n t r 967. P1Dep. 1 ) a t r a Se orHi i Augus 1986. (#.at9: 11 ) Aferhi s hoolPl ntf atnde be ut ni gh n t f 1 - 4. t gh c , ai if te d a y s choola sudidc meol (d a 1 2-1 ) Pl ntf di notr c veade e fom be t nd t e os t ogy. I t 3: 8. ai if d e ei gre r auy s hool (d. Prort woki f Defnda , antf wor dasatlphoneopeaora a c . 1 ) i o r ng or e ntPli if ke ee rt nd t Bu ge K i Fr 2001t ough 200 Pli ifat ndedM im iDadeCole a sudi d r r ng. om hz 3, a ntf te a lge nd t e p y ia e u ain.(d a 1 4- . S eh sno c mpltdh ra s cae de re (# a 1 4 h sc l d c to 1 . t 0: 8) h a t o ee e so its g e . f . t 2:1) 0. 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Pl e e s o ai if pos ton c s ie t 322 Ciy' pa ksa ec e n a wel- ant i d,f moniorng eve sa a tvii hel i t pa ks t s r r l a nd lm i ane or t i nt nd c i tes d n he r , a f rs vii c l e enr l d i t yo h s t lague a t Ciy' afe - c nd o uper sng hidr n ole n he ut pors e s nd he t s trs hool pr a .( 3 2,Ex. ) Re r ai Le r donotrgulrys pevieot Ciy ogrms DE-22. c e ton ades e al u r s her t empl es (#.a 26. 27: )OnOcobe 30,1 Pl ntf be ameaf ltmeRece ton oye . f t . 23- 6. t r 990, ai if c ul-i rai Lea r On Aprl3, 01 Pl i ifwasa poi e t t poston ofAc i Re e ton de . i 20 , antf p nt d o he ii tng cr a i Supevior (d.a 28: 6. Rece ton Supe vs spe f m t smedutesasRece ton r s . I t 2- ) rai r ior ror he a i rai Le r butas s l s t Re rai Le de s (d a 23: 1 )I t Aci Re r ton ades lo upewie he ce ton a r . 1 t 7- 2. n he tng ceai Su r iorposton,Pli ifs r s oneRe r ai Le r (d a 44:7- 8. pe vs ii antf upevied c e ton ade . I t 1 1 ) Durng t cour eofhe e pl i he s r m oyme wih De enda , ai ifwa dici i s ve a nt t f nt Pl ntf s s plned e r l tmes t l ttmewasi 1 i ,he as i n 999.( 32- Exs 4- ) Pl ntf sJ nuay2008a DE- 2, . 9. ai if a r nnual pe f m anc r vi w by Cha l sBr n,t n Di e t oft Pa ksD e r m en ,r t d Pl ntf as r or ee e r e ow he r c or he r pa t t a e ai if ' bove s i f c ol ' n m os c t goresand :out t ng' f i ta i / oope a i a f l a - ats a t y' i t ae i i s andi ' or nii tve c r t on nd or pes la rnce.( 32- Ex.1 ) Pli ifbele st tBr wasaf re uaor ( . rona ppeaa DE- 2, 4. antf ive ha own ai val t . P1 De a 56:5- 7. p. t 1 1 ) St e Smih ar x t Strx Smih( t grduae fom Flrdal emato lUni riy( U)wihaf ae t Smih) a td r o i nt ina vest Fl t our ye rBac o ofPublcAdmi sr i ( 32- ) W hiesilasude a FI Smihbe a a helr i nitaton. DE- 27. l tl t nt t U, t c me i ve wih t Pa ksDe t ntwhe hec eaed amen orng pr am r t ought Pa ks nvol d t he r parme n r t t i ogr un hr he r De rmen.( .De 59: - 8. Smih wasi tal hie byDee pa t t Pl p. 25 59: ) t niily rd fndantonM ach4,2005,a r s aRece tonLe de .( 3 9. Att tme, nnni Be l wast CiyM a er (d. On rai a r DE-2- ) he i J e very he t nag . 1 4 J 1 2005,Sm ih w a pr ot d by Ciy M a ge B e ry t t poston ofA s i t ntt t une 3, t s om e t na r ve l o he ii s s a o he CiyMa er ( 32- 0. Thi postonr uie Smiht peronn ad nitai dui ,o t nag . DE- 1 ) s ii eq rd t o f mi srtve tes t e ecs i d p n e t u g n , n t gv p lc g ia c a itr eai nt d pat n x rie n e e d n j d me t a d o i e o iy ud n e nd neprtto o e rme t hea .( 32- 1) Smih' 2008pef ma ee l to rt Smiha ç e ryouttndi ' ds DE- 1 . ts ror nc vauain aed t s i a l sa ng' cl i a1aea .( 3 1 ) CiyM a e Be ry,whoc ee t e uai notdt Smih n l r s DE-2- 7. t nag r vel ompltd he val ton, e hat t wa l on ag o j bs pevsn saf't a heç o sa o ttndn j b o e p e sn i a s t ig o d o u r iig tf, h t ç e n usa ig o f x r sig de s d ' d a i or ai bo h ve bal a i wrtng, a t theki arsng sa .'(d. Ats poi nd nf m ton t r ly nd n ii ' nd ha ' ss ii t r '1 4 ome nt Smihwa as a nt CrmePr ve i Die t .( 32- 8. AsCrmePrve i t s lo ppoi ed i e nton rcor DE- 1 ) i e nton Die ,Smihs r sd a o mael 8- 0peopl ( .De 69: 70:9. rdor t upevie pprxi t y 1 e. Pl p. 15- 1 ) Cf Ma a e Fin e'Re r nz to o pa t nsa dS t 'Pr mo in / n g r n i s o ga ia in fDe rme t n mi s o to y h I Nove be 20 Br a Fi ebe meCiy M a e . AsCiy M a ge , nni n m r 08, y n nni ca t nag r t na r Fi e de i d t m a s ver lor nia i a pe s cde o ke e a ga z tonal nd r onnelc hange t i oveope a i le t inc s o mpr r tona fk e y. ( 3 - , !4 5) l J l 2 0 , t M a a e Finema et ec n e , ihicu e DE- 226 ! - . n uy 0 9 Ciy n g r n i d h ha g s whc n l d d a poni gS t a Aci Pak Die t r (# a ! 4& 7) Th p sto of r sDie tr p itn mi s tng r s rco . f . t ! h . e o iin Pa k r co r quie t f l i qualfca i : e r s he olow ng ii tons Gr d ainfo c le ewi mao c u s wo ki rce to o ar ltdfeda a u to r m olg t j r o re r n e r ain r eae il nd h c i a e e r e e i t s vi i ofr r a i pr a s ora equi l nt onsder bl xpe i nc n he uper s on ec e ton ogr m ; ny va e c nai oftai ngande re ewhihpr dest rquie knowldge gil ombi ton r ni xpeinc c ovi he e rd e s sc , s lsa a lte . kil nd biii s ( 327. Fi esae t thec eSmihasPaksDie orbe us Fi ewa e t DE- - ) nni tts ha hos t r rct ca e nni ntd o i ovet Pa ksDepa t e ' outea h a me orng pr a sa Sm ih ha m or mpr he r rm nts r c nd nt i ogr m nd t d e e xpere i t s a ea be aus ofhi de l pm e oft m e o i pr a whie s ili i nce n he e r s c e s ve o nt he nt r ng ogr m l tl n c l ea hi l de s p i t CrmeW ac di son.(d.a ! 1 ) Addii l Fi e oleg nd s ea rhi n he i th vii 1 t 0. tonaly, nni c i r d Sm ih' f - a deg e a t r omm e ton off merCiy M a onsde e t s ourye r r e nd he ec nda i or t nage Be ry. r ve l (d. ! 1l& 1 ) W ihhi appoi me a Die t oft PaksDe rment Smihwa i 1 at ! 2. t s nt nt s rcor he r pa t , t s n 4 c r ofbot t Par De t nta t CrmePrve in di son.(d a ! 15. hage h he ks parme nd he i e nto vii 1 t ) Sm ih' a nt e a Par Diecorwasa t s ppoi m nt s ks r t nnounce a aJ y 2009m e tng wih Ciy d t ul ei t t M a ge Fi e Chare Br na r nni , l s own,who w a t f r e Pa ks D e rm e D ie ora now s he o m r r pa t nt r ct nd A s i t ntD ie or Sm ih,a t e pl e oft Pa ks De t e and t Crm e Pr nton s sa r ct , t nd he m oye s he r parm nt he i eve i di son.( .De 7 1 7 2. Att me tng,CiyMa rFi ean vii Pl p. 3:2-4: ) he ei t nage nni nounc d t tt r wee e ha hee r goi t bes ng o omec ngest t Pa ksDe rm e i l ng t appoi mentofSmih a ha o he r pa t nt ncudi he nt t s Diecora Br asAsitntDie or (d) Pl ntfli rs et Fi ea ki i anm ne r t nd own ssa rct . 1 ai it n e pons o nni s ng f had a pr e swih t c nges t d Fini ny oblm t he ha , ol n e; W e l 1haveapr blm wih i be a e Iha be he ef s ver lyea s And lha t l, o e t t c us ve en r or e a r. ve he expe i et bea et nm Pa ksmys l. Iwas tgi n t opporuniy t ha t renc o bl o r ef n' ve he t t o ve he itr iw wh nt ypo tdtej bi t b gn n No t a j b d rn t ec n e ne ve e he se h o n he e inig. w,h t o , u ig h ha g s a f rasbe sa eomi ac i die t ,hei notq lfe m o et me orM r Ai ns ng tng r c or s ua ii d r han . ke . (d a 74: 1 ) Ac di t Pli it Fi ers nde t hersaementbys yi 1 t 5-2. cor ng o antfl nni epo d o tt a ng: Iknow y a lha be n he e al pe i oftme, 1f e wih hi bei yo and ou l ve e r ong rod i but e l t m ng ung t do t ta lngbas t la a1 t s dif e t ngs..., wih t ol and i o he r vei kebal nd l he e fer nt hi out t he d n w ih t ne . t he w (d a 7 1 - 7) Smih' a onme t oAci PaksDie trwa j s o eo sv rl 1 t 4:2 1 . t s pp it n t t ng r r co s u t n f e e a Or niatona andpes lc ngesFi ema i J y2009.( 32- 9. ga z i l ronne ha nni de n ul DE- 1 ) OnDec m be 1 2009 Pl ntf s it d acompl i f m t Def nda sa i t tt e r 0, , ai if ubm te ant or o e nt t tng ha he Pa ksDe rm e had be m eahosie e r e afe Smih wa a nt PaksDie t r r pa t nt co tl nvionm nt tr t s ppoi ed r r co . ( 32- Ex.1 ) OnDe embe 1 2009,Pli ifwrt alte t t Huma Res ur s DE- 2, 7. c r 0, antf oe etr o he n o ce De rme as compli nga utaahosiee r nt ( 32- Ex.l ) Ot r pa t nt lo ani bo tl nvionme . DE- 2, 6. he e oye as fl smia co ai s.( 32- ) mpl es lo ied i lr mpl nt DE- 23. l De e be 2009, nni r sgned a Ciy M a ge a i J n cm r Fi e e i s t na r nd n anua y 201 Cl e e r 0, ar nc 5 Pat s wa a ntd Ciy M a ge . On J 22. 0, teron pr teron s ppoi e t na r une 201 Pat s omot d Smih fom e t r Aci PaksDie t t Diecor ( 32- Ex.1 ) l t memoaboutt pr i tng r rcor o r t . DE- 2, 9. n he he omoton, Pat r on not d t tSm ih ha bee tnsr e a i r va pi t pa ksa r r aton te s e ha t d n l tum nt l n e m ng he r nd ec e i i f iiis l addii t e ndi pr a ofee t t c mmuniy. (d. aclte . n ton o xpa ng ogrms f rd o he o t 'I ) ' On Se e be 5,201 Pl i iffl d aCha geofDic i i ton wih t Fl i ptm r 0, antf ie r s rm na i t he orda Com m i s on on Hum a Re a i . Pl i tf s e nty fl d t ss t si n l tons a n if ubs que l i e hi ui . l. l SUM M A RY JU D GM ENT STA N D AR D S umma yj g n i a p o raewh nlh p e dng . . h w t th r i n g n n r ud me t s p r p it e k e la i s . s o ha te e s o e uie t is ea t a ymaeil a a ta t emo igpat i e tte t aj d me ta amatro su s o n tra f d nd h t h vn ry s nild o u g n s te f lw. And ro v fie t Lob y l c, 7 U. 2 2, 47( 9 6 ; a ' es n . b ry b , n .4 7 S. 4 2 1 8 ) HCA He lhS r s o .I c ' a t e v . fGa, n . v EmplyesHe t I .Co.240F.d 98 991( 1hCi. ) Oncet movi pa t . o r alh ns , 3 2, 1 t r 2001. he ng ry de ons r t s t a e e ofa ge ne i s ofm a e i f c ,t non- ovi pa t m us t m e m ta e he bs nc nui s ue t ral a t he m ng ry tç co f w a d w ih ç pec fc f c s s i t tt r i a ge ne i s f t i l'' M at u hia El c or r t s ii a t how ng ha he e s nui s ue or r a .' ss t e. I .Co.v Ze t Radi Cor ,475U. 57 587( )( otngFe R.Ci P.56().The ndus . nih o p. S. 4, 1986 qu i d. v. e) Cour m us vi t r cor a a lf c ua i e e e t r f om i t lghtm os f vor bl t t t t ew he e d nd l a t l nf r nc s he e r n he i t a a e o he non- o ng pa t a d i whet rdûheevi ncepr s nt a s fcen diag e m e t m vi ry nd ecde he kt de e e s ufi i t s r e nt o rq ies miso t a u yo wh te ii s o e sd dta o p rymu t r v i a amatr e u r ub s in o j r r eh r t s o n -ie h t ne a t s p e al s t e oflw.' Alenv T onFoods I . 1 F. 642,646( 1h Ci.1 ( otngAndes 477 a '' l . ys nc, 21 3d 1 t r 997) qu i ron, U. a 25152). S. t - ) l o p ig amo inf rs mma yj g n ,h n n- vn p lyma n t eys ll n p osn to o u r ud me tt e o mo ig a' y o r l oey t o t pl di ,butm us s n he ea ngs t how by a fda t ,de ii ,ans e st i e r t i s a f i vis pos tons w r o nt r oga ore , nd a i s onst ts c tc f t e s de onsr tng a g ne i s f t i l Se Fe R .Ci P. dm s i ha pe ii ac s xi t m ta i enui s ue or r a . e d. v. 6 56() () s ealoCeotxCor v.Catet 477U. 31 324( 986) A me eû cntla'of c, e ; e s l e p. r ts S. 7, 1 . r û i il' s e denc s vi e uppori t o tng he ppos ng pa t sposton w ilnots t c i t d,t r m us be a i ry' ii l ufi e; ns ea he e t s fiin s o n t a tej r c udr ao byfn f rt t a t.An e s n 47 U. a 25 ufce t h wi g h t h u y o l e s na l id o ha p ry d r o , 7 S. t 2; s alo Walerv Dar y,911F. 1 1 ( lhCi.1 0) ee s k . b 2d 573, 577 1 t r 99 . 11 1. D I USSI N SC O De e d n manan ta i i e t ld t s mmayj d me tb c u ePlitf c n o fn a t i tis h t t s ni e o u r u g n e a s anif a n t t e tbls aprm af i ca eofa dicrm i ton a be a eDef ntha al gii t ,nonsa ih i ace s ge s i na i nd c us enda s e tma e dic i i or r a on f notpr otng Pl ntf Pli ifr pondst tDef nda i not s rm nat y e s or om i ai if a ntf es ha e nt s e tte t s mmayj d me t e a s s eh sp e e tddr c e ie eo a ed srmi to n ild o u r u g n b c u e h a r sn e ie t vd nc f g ic i nain, s c n esa i h he prm af i ca e a De e ntspr f r d lgii a e non- s i naor he a t bls r i ace s , nd f nda ' ofe e e tm t , dicrmi t y r as f notpr m otng Pli ifi pr e ua . e on or o i a ntf s etxt l Pl ntf a De e a diag eea ai if nd f nd nt s r boutt na ur o Pl ntf ' e de e t s ppo he he t e f ai ifs vi nc o u rt r ale d dic i i ton.Pl ntf a s rst ts haspr e e diec evi eoft lge s rm na i ai if s e t ha he es nt d r t denc he dicrmi ton,whie Def nda a s rst ta e denc ofdicrm i ton i cic sa il s i nai l e nt s e t ha ny vi e s i na i s r um tnta . The t ofevi ncede e ne t met ofa l i t Cou tm us a y. ype de t nni s he hod nayss he r t ppl l apl i ifesa ihesby diec evi nc t adi c i naor a m usplye a f antf t bls r t de e hat s rmi t y ni a d sgnii a r e i t e oyme de ii t n t e oye wilbe labl f dic i i ton i tc nt ol n he mpl nt c son, he he mpl r l i e or s rm na i u e si c e t ih t tt e oy woul ha m a t s nl s t an sabls ha he mpl er d ve de he amede son a e t i pr pe cii bs nt he m o r motve Ha sv l C.Ca (rCo.52F. 9 931( 1hCi.1 .Howeve,i a i . yne .#: ye < , 3d 28, 1 t r 995) rf pli if scli i ba e on cic sa i levi nce ac tus st bur n s fi a ysss t antf am s s d r um t nta de , our e he de hitng nal i e outi Mc n Donnel- glsCop.v Gr e 411U. 792( 973) Cha lDou a r . e n, S. 1 ; pman v A1Tr por,229 . ans t F. 1 2,1 24( 1hCi. )(p yi M c 3d 01 0 1 t r 2000 a pl ng DonnelDou asa ysst ADEA c es. l- gl nal i o as ) 7 Unde M c r DonnelDougl , pli ifhast bur n ofe t bls ng aprm af ci c e of las a antf he de sa ihi i a e as dic i nai 1 a 8 A pl ntf e tbls saprmaf ci ca eofa dic i nai b s rmi ton. d t 02. ai if sa ihe i a e s ge s rmi ton y etbl hn t t h ( )wa ame e of h p o e tda ego p,2 wa s be tdt a v re sa i ig ha s e 1 s mb r t e r tce g r u ( ) s u j ce o d es s e o me ta to , 3 wa q aiidt d tej b a d ()wa rp a e b o otewiels a mply n cin ( ) s u lfe o o h o , n 4 s e lc d y r h r s o t poston t ayounge i vi l Cha ii o r ndi dua . pman,229F. a 1 24. Thebu den t s fst t 3d t 0 r hen hit o he e oye t ari at al gii ae, mpl r o tcul e e tm t non- s rm i t y r s f isaci . Wis r B/ dic i na or ea on or t tons lon . E Aer pace I .?7 F. l 1 ( 1hCi.2004) l t e oye me st sbur t n os , nc 6 3d 079, 087 1 t r . f he mpl r et hi den,he t bur n s fsbac t t pl i ift ofe evi nc t t a lge r a on gi en by t he de hit k o he antf o f r de e hat he le d e s v he e o ri apr txtf il ldicrmi ton.I Bec us a s toutbe o , ai ifha no mpl ye s ee or lega s i nai d a e, s e l w Pl ntf s t pr entd die te de e ofdic i i ton,s mus esa ih he c e usng t M cDonnel es e r c vi nc s rm na i he t t bls r as i he lDougl s b den-hitnganayss whih s hasnotdone a ur s fi l i, c he . A. Pl ntf H as NotPr s nt d Any D i c Evi ai if ee e re t denc ofD i cr m i i e s i nat on W hieDe e n m ant i t t M c l f nda t i ans hat he DonnelDou asfa e k a ist t sc e, l- gl r m wor pple o hi as Pli ifar uest ts ha pr s nt die te denc ofdic i i ton a t r f e, hene antf g ha he s e e ed r c vi e s rm na i nd, he e or s ed notesa ih a prm af ci c e unde M c t bls i a e as r Donne lDou as Spe ii aly,Pl ntf a guest at l- gl . c tc l ai if r h Fi e ssae e t t$ know you a1 ha be n he ea l pe i oftm e butlf e wih hi nni' t tm nt ha t 1 l ve e r ong rod i , el t m bei y ngand t do t tavei ba ket la alt edif r ntt ngs...,outwih t ol ng ou o he r lng s bal nd l hes fe e hi t he d and i wih t ne ' nsiutsdiec evi nceofa dicrmi ton. n t he w'co tt e r t de ge s i na i TheElve h Cic tdefnesS r c e denc ' a û vi et te t ihest e se e e nt r ui i t e t vi e' s t denc ha sabls he xit nc di e ofdic i i t r i e be ndt e pl s rm na o y ntnt hi he m oymentde son wihou a i er nceorpr umpton. cii t t ny nf e es i ' ' St andar v A. E. . r i s I . 161F. 1 8,1 ( 1h Ci.1 ) loj yt mos d . B. L Se vce , nc, 3d 31 330 1 t r 998 . i nl he t g bl t r a ks whos i e cou d m e n not ng ot rt n t di c i i e o t ba i ofs e a ant em r , e nt nt l a hi he ha o s rm nat n he s s om 8 3 t 086 i nuisbl f t co tt ediec e de eofdic i nai ' W is 376 F. d a 1 mpe s i e acor nsiut r t vi nc s rmi ton.' l on, (ntr lquoatonsomitd) I t sae ntonl s i ena t i te . f he ttme y uggess butdoesnotpr adici naor t, ove, srmi t y motve, he i c tt escicu sa ile de i t n t onsiut r m t nta vi nce.I d He e, nni ssa e r Fi e' t t menti notdie te denc ofa dic i i t y i e . l i notcla s r c vi e s rm na or nt nt t s er fom t sa e ntwhehe Fi i sr f e e t ol and ne r f red t t f ctt manyoft r he tt me t r mze' e er nc o d w e e r o he a hat he e oye ha bee wih Def nda f a l rpe i oftmet n Sm ih orwhet ri r f red mpl es d n t e nt or onge rod i ha t he t e e r t t f ctt Sm ih w a m ung r t n t ot rem pl ee . Fur he ,w hie Fi e di r e e o he a hat t s e ha he he oy s t r l , nni d ef r nce t f c t tSm ih wasyoung,not nghes i i c edt tSm ih' agewa t r s hegot he a t ha t hi a d ndiat ha t s s he ea on t j ba Plitf d dno. Th , e a s Fine ssae n do sno d rcl e tbl hte he o nd an if i t us b c u e n i' ttme t e t ie ty sa i h s e se eofadic i na o y i e wihouti e e eorpr s xit nc s rmi t r nt nt t nf r nc e umpton,i i no diec evi nceof i t s t r t de ani r s i edici naor motve.Compa Damonv Fl ng Su r k t t Fl i mpemisbl s rmi t y i re . emi pe mar es ? orda, f I c. 1 F. 1 4,1 ( 1hCi.1 99 (i ngt t saementbyde son- ke,lwha n , 96 3d 35 359 1 t r 9 ) fndi hat he tt cii ma r t t t c he ompa ne ded wasag e sveyoun me ...t bepr ny e gr s i g n o omot d'di notc tt edie t e ' d onsiut r c e ie c o a eds rmiain , n Bu r l v Bo r o r se so o gi M ii r Co lg , vd n e f g ic i n to ) a d rel . a d fT u te fGe r a lt y le e a l F. 1 1 (1lh Ci.1 ( di t tsaeme byde ii ma rt hewa e 25 3d 390, 393 t r 997) hol ng ha tt nt cson- ke hat ntd t hiea ma f t poston be aus t many wom e fle t ofi rpostonswa notdiec o r n or he ii c e oo n ild he fce ii s r t e de eofge rdici nai ,wihCaban-khe lrp Ele 71F. 837,843( 1h Ci. vi nc nde s rmi ton) t ï ee . s a, 3d 1t r 199 (i ngt tsae ntbyde son- rt thedi notwa s onelkepli ifi 6) fndi ha ttme cii make ha d nt ome i antf n postonbutwa td aBl kpes n i postonc tt e die te de eofrcedici naton) ii ne ac ro n ii onsiuts rc vi nc a s rmi i . Furher Pli ifsr la on M or r Jac sonM emoralFoundaton,l ,597 F. 1 ,1 t , antf e ince a . k i i nc. 3d 201 204 n. ( lhCi. 0) t e tbls t tFi e' rmakc tt e die e de ei miplce 1 1 t r 201 ,o sa ih ha nni s e r onsiuts rct vi nc s s a d be aus t M or Cour s cii ly sat d t ti w a notde e m i ng whet rt pl i i f s c e he a t pe fca l t e ha t s t r ni he he a ntf e de wa die torc r um sa i l Cons quenty,Pl ntf ha notpr e e die e de e vi nce s r c ic t nta . e l ai if s es ntd r ct vi nc ofdic i i ton a he c am sm us bea yz d unde t M c onnelD ou asfa e k. s rm na i nd r l i t nal e r he D l- gl r m wor B. Pl ntf Canno E s abls H e Pr m a Fac e C as ai if t t ih r i i e Asstf t a e orh bove, prmafcec s r rsPl ntf t e tbls t ts ( )wasa a i a i a e equie ai if o sa ih ha he 1 me e o t ep o e tda eg o p,2 wa s be tdt a v ree l y n a to , 3 wa mb r f h r tce g r u () s u j ce o d e s mp o me t cin ( ) s q aiidt d t ej b a d( )wa rpa e b o oh r s ls apo ii nt ay u e u lfe o o h o , n 4 s e lc d y r te wie o t sto o o ng r i vi l Cha ndi dua . pman, F. a 1 229 3d t 024.l af iur t pr m ot st i apl ntf mus s n al e o o e iuaton, ai if t how t ts waspa s d o f t pr ton i f vorofa e l orl squalfe i vi who ha he s e ver or he omo i n a n qualy es ii d ndi dual wa no pa t t pr e t d ag g oup. Wison v B/ Ae os s t r of he ot c e e r l . E r pace I ' 376F. 1 , nc , . 3d 079,1 089 ( 1h Ci. 1 t r 2004) Pli ifha no s wnt tSmihwase l orl squalte t ns . antf s t ho ha t qualy es ii d ha he. Thus Pl i ifc nnote t bls he pr m a f c e c e. , a ntf a s a i h r i a i as Def ntha pr s n edevi nc t Smih wa mor quai d t n Pl i if na ey, enda s eet de e hat t s e lse ha antf, m l t tSm ih wasbe tre a e wih af l- a deg eei publc a nitaton;Smih ha a ha t te duc t d t otrye r r n i dmi sr i t d bet re ua i t n Pl n if Sm ih wasa sr c te val ton ha aitf ' t , tong ommuni t 'Sm ih ha m or e re e i caor , t d e xpe inc n a e t tDef ntwihed t e r as ha enda s o xpand,s h a oute h a me o i havi de ope a uc s r ac nd nt rng, ng vel d m e orng pr r m f t Par D e r m ent and Sm ih ha m or m ana m e l vele re e nt i og a or he ks pa t ; t d e ge nt e xpe i nc t n Pli if i l ng mor e re e s r sng ot r .Pl ntf hasnotpr s nt d a ha a ntf, ncudi e xpe inc upe vii he s ai if e e e ny e de et c r c Sm ih' qualfc tons I r s e,Pli ifpoi t t heryea sof vi nc o ontadit t s ii a i . n e pons antf n s o r e r e e w ih t Par D e rm e t w hi Sm ih l c d. H ow e r t e ye r ofe re e xpe i nc t he ks pa t n , ch t a ke 4 ve , hos a s xpe i nc Tli ifas a gue t tDefnda ' f lr t pos t j i vi ai ofDee nts antf lo r s ha e nts aiue o the ob, n olton fnda ' own polcis Smih' i es a der t y r m a ks a Sm ih' a lgedi ppr it i e e ti i e , t s nc s nt ogaor e r , nd t s le na opra e nt r s n boysalo e tbls a dic i i ton. Howeve ,Pli ifha nots s sa ih ge s rm na i r a ntf s hown how Def nda ' e nts f i r t po ttej bla st a i frn eo a ed s rmi ain No h sPlitf s o ta al e o s h o e d o n n ee c f g ic i n to . r a anif h wn h t u Smih wa adecson m a ri hi own pr m oton.A sanon- ii n ma r Smih' c t s ii ke n s o i dec so ke , t s omm e s nt do noti c t t tPl i ifw a e ly o bete qua ii d t n Sm ih,pa tc ary gi n t t ndi a e ha a ntf s qua l r t r lf e ha t ri ul l ve ha Sm ih ha m or a i s r tve e r e , or s per s y e r e e,a m or e r e e i t d e dm ni t a i xpe i nce m e u vi or xpe i nc nd e xpe i nc n o he a ea t t a t t r r ni ato be am e pa toft r s t r r s ha , fer he eo ga z i n, c r he e pons biii s oft Par D ie or i lte he ks r ct , s h a c i epr ven i Cons ue l Pl ntf hasf ld t e tbls he prmaf ce c s uc s rm e ton. eq nty, ai if aie o sa ih r i a i a e. The e or t Cour nee nota r st r toft M c onn lD ougl s a ys s r f e, he t d dd es he es he D ela s nal i . A c r ngl i i he e co di y, t s r by ORD ERED t t ha : De e d n , t o Op -wc ', oi f rS mmay J d me t( 3 1i fn a t Ciy f alo kas M ton o u l u g n DE-0 s G RAN TED . TheCo r wil ne aspaaej d me t u t le tr e rt u g n . Al pe ng motonsno ot r s r ed u a eDENI a moot l ndi i t he wie ul pon r ED s . 4.Thi ca ei CLOSED. s s s D ON E a O RD ERED i M i m i Fl i t s 1 t da ofJ y,201 nd n a , or da, hi s y ul 3. e- . , ' PA C1 A.SEI A T U NI TED STATES D I STRI J DGE CT U Al Couns ofRec r 1 el od c annots uppor a c a m off iur t pr ot SeeSt ge v G e r El c r c Co. 3l F. d 1 t li g l e o om e. e r . ne al e t i , 8 3 066, 1 7 ( 1hCi. 0 3 ( od n t a sae n sb n n cso ma r un eae t ted cso a 0 9 1 t r 2 0 ) h li g h t ttme t y o de iin kes rltd o h e iin l pr ee sar notevi nceofdici nain) Fi ly, antf hasnotprs nt a e denc t t o s e de srmi to . nal Pli if e e ed ny vi e ha D e e ntknew oft ale tons a f nda he l ga i bouti ppr i t be vi prort Sm ih' pr oton t na opr a e ha or i o t s om i o A ctng D ie t r Thus none oft s a gum e ss ppor Pl i if s c a m s i rco . , he e r nt u t a ntf ' l i .
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