Diaz et al v. U.S. Century Bank et al, No. 1:2012cv21224 - Document 50 (S.D. Fla. 2013)
Court Description: ORDER granting 34 Motion for Summary Judgment; denying 35 Motion for Partial Summary Judgment. Signed by Chief Judge Federico A. Moreno on 5/14/2013. (tkn)
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Diaz et al v. U.S. Century Bank et al Doc. 50 UNI TED STATES DI STRI COURT FOR THE CT SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA M im iDi so a vii n Ca eNum ber 12- 224- V- ORENO s : 21 Cl M LI VAN M ARTI DI N AZ FI GUEROA VI LLASUSO, a nd JAVI ER Pli if , a ntfs VS. U. CENTURY BANK, I S. NTERNATI ONAL RI RESPONSE,m C. and JOSE ANTONI SK , O QUIANO, J De e nt . f nda s / ORDER GR ANTI DEFENDANT U. CENTURY BANK ' M OTI FO R NG S. S ON SUM M ARY JUDGM ENT Pli if Li Diz an J e Vil us we e hie a s cu iy ofi r by De e antf s van a d avir las o r r d s e rt fce s f ndan t I tr ain l s Re p n e I c Cç '. Th yh v fld s i a ans Dee a tU. Ce tr nen t a Rik s o s , n . 1 ) e a e ie ut g i t fnd n S. nu y o RR' Ba f aleg vi ai oft FarLa Stndads Ac (TLSA' . The FLSA i es nk or l ed oltons he i bor a r tû ' ) mpos m i m u wa a m a mum hou sr r m e sonempl r .Bec et Cour fndst tU. ni m ge nd xi r equie nt oye s aus he t i ha S. Ce tr Ba kwa n tPli if ' on e l y ru d rt eFLS s mma yj d me ti fv rof nu y n s o ant s j it mp o e n e h f A, u r u g n n a o Dee d n U. Ce t r Ba ki ga tdwhl Pli tfs mo inf rp ril u r u g n i f n a t S. n u y n s r ne ie anif ' to o a t s mmayj d me t s a de ed. ni 1 FA C TUA L BA CK G R O UN D I . Def ntI ope a e a s curt s r cet tpr ded s curt ofi e sa r aed enda RR r t d e iy e vi ha ovi e iy fc r nd elt s r i st isc int .The ec int i l d ac e vce o t le s s le s ncude ondom i um ,as nna ke chan, nd ni upe r t i a 1 Thef l i fc ua s olow ng a t l umm a yi l r ncudesonl t ef csnoti dipue. y hos a t n s t Dockets.Justia.com De e f ndan Ce ur Ba t nt y nk.On Fe a y 3, 0, RR e e e i o avendora e ntwih bnlr 201 I nt r d nt gr eme t Ce t yBa t pr de s c iy ofi er a t ba svarousbr nc ,i l ng t br s n ur nk o ovi e urt fc s t he nk' i a hes nc udi he mk' h a q atr i Do a, lrd .Thi a r e n p o ie t a 1a 1wo kp ro me b I i e d u re s n rl Fo ia s g e me t r vd d h t$ 1l r ef r d y RR n ( c n e to wihtemae il s t r , rS r ie d srb d ( ri . .E ud b p ro me o n ci n t h tra, ofwa e o e vc s e ci e t enl . wo ll e e fr d he b IRR a a id p n e t o ta t ra dn t st a e to e l y eo ( jBa k. Ese a y I I s n n e e d n c n rco n o a he g n r mp o e f t he n ' tv n ' De lEx. Ad iin l ,h a re n p o ie t a ça1 p ro sf r ih db (RR1 c. A. dto al te g e me t r vd d h t1 Jl e s n u ns e y l y ( ( ud b fra1 u p s ss ey (RR')e ly e o a e t a d ( u d n tb d e dt b wo lj e o lp r o e oll I s mp o e s r g ns n wo l l o e e me o e e ly e o (h lBa kf ra yp r os wh to ve. 1 . mpo e s f te n o n u p e as e r' d ' Re r ngt de a l ofIt sc r maloblgai ,t a e m e sa e t tI ga di he t is lR' ontac i tons he gr e nt t t d ha RR woul pr dea unior d ovi f med s curt ofi ra all a i de ie by Ce ur Bank a as he e e iy fce t l oc tons sr d nt y t c dul s tby t bnnk. I woul bilCe ur Bn f t e s r i esa a houry r t ,pr di t e he RR d l nt y nk or hes e v c t n l a e ovi ng he ba wih a i cet t ba woul pa a a lt rtm e.Fi l I wa r ponsbl f nk t n nvoi hat he nk d y t ae i naly, RR s es i e or t a s g e ofea h of i rt a s cii l a i a r t i d t rghtt r a e of i e s t he s i nm nt c fce o pe fc oc ton nd e a ne he i o ot t f c r o dif e l tonsa isdicr to Ne rhe e s Ce ur Bank ha t a hort t bo h r que t fer nt ocai t t s ei n. ve t l s , nt y d he ut iy o t e s t a sg e ofapari ulrofi e a as c fcl a i a wel ast ove rdelt ' dicr ton he s i nm nt tc a fc r t pe ii oc ton s l o ri lR s s ei a r f et a sgnme ofapa tc a ofi e a a ofisbr nc . nd e us he s i nt riul r fc r t ny t a hes Ac or ngl I i c d Ce ur Ba f revey hol l d by t s urt ofi e sa c di y, RR nvoi e nt y nk o l z ogge r he ec iy tc r t t Dor ll a i The ba wo d t pa I f t s s r c .Apa tfom t i c s he a oc ton. nk ul hen y RR or he e e vies r r he nvoi e a t ra tc tm es e s Cen ur Ba ne rc e t o mant i d a e pl nd hei ta hed i he t , t y nk ve r aed r i a ne ny m oyme nt r co dsf a s curt of i rt twor a t D o albr nch. Si t c nty, he ba di not e r or ny e iy fce ha ked t he r a gnii a l t nk d ow n t f c lte a isD o a l a i butr t rl s d c r a n f oor f o t buidi sow ne . he a iii s t t r l oc ton a he ea e e t i l s r m he l ng' r I f c , m pl esa c t m e sofo he busnes e l td i t buidi ofe us d t n a t e oye nd uso r t r i s s ocae n he l ng tn e he 2- - pa ki l a ga a nextt Cent y Ba s f c lte . r ng ot nd r ge o ur nk' a iii s W.Emplyme t fplit Vla u o o n o an # ils s I e ry2 0 Dee d n Quj n , lR' o e a dp e i e t itr iwe a dhie n a l 01 , f n a t ia o lt s wn r n r sd n ,ne ve d n rd Plitf Via u oa as c rt o fc r Quj n tl Vils oh w mu hI wo l pa hi an if l s s s e u iy fie . ia o o d l us o l a c RR u d y m a dta Vils s wo drc iep y n b c e k drcl fo Ik I a dto Quj n g v n h t l u o ul e ev a me t y h c ie ty r m IR. n d iin, ia o a e a Vil us a c pa i ntfc ton c d a pa c s be rng t I s bolt be w or on a las o om ny de ii a i ar nd t he a i he RR ym o n u f r ta Quj n r q rdVils s t we r Th su iom n v rc nan da yr frn et nio m h t ia o e uie la u o o a . i n fr e e o t ie n ee e c o Ce t y Ban n ur k. Folowi hi hii I as i l ng s rng, RR sgnedVil us t wor a Ce ur Ba sDor ll ton las o o k t nt y nk' a oca i b gn igo F b u r 8 20 0.Quj n if r dVils oo tesa t gd t, r Vi aus e i nn n e r ay , 1 ia o n o me l us f h tri ae whee l s o a n l wo d sa i t ba a de a l o how Vil us woul kee ta k ofhi hour . ul t nd n he nk, nd t is n las o d p rc s s Spe ik aly,Vil us woul r c d hi hour on atme s e c eaed b Ik A r pr e a i c t l las o d e or s s i he t r t y IR. e es nt tve o Ce tr Ba kwo l te r ve a d sg t s e e eyffe nd y .La t Quj n f nu y n ud h n e iw n in he he t v r ite a s sl ia o y, notfe Vil s o oft da a ho st hewoul wor ii d la us he ys nd ur hat d k. Onh strt a a teb n , l s ome wi Quj n a dLid To rs t eb a c i ls d y t h a k Vil us t t ia o n n a re ,h rn h a h m a ge ofCe ur Bank' Dor ll a i Toresa t stme ga Vils o s cfc na r nt y s a oc ton. r t hi i ve la us pe i i t u tonson hi dute . Sher quie hi t bepr e fom 7: a. . ot cl i oft nsr c i s is e rd m o es nt r 30 m t he osng he ba diece hi t st sa a ea l h a s cii tm e ;a i tuc e hi t gr e a nk; r t d m o i, t nd, nd t unc t pe fc i s nd nsr t d m o e t nd bi f r welt a 1c t e s l hee ountr d a hi s pii , r swa e Vil us t d a e l o l usom r . f nc e e nyt ng us c ous Tore ntd las o o i or ba pe s nf m nk r onne i m edi t l Fur he r s t d V il us t cons tw ih t lm a e y. t nno e, he ol las o o ul t he r e i nitbe or t ng l h a f ba hi fom la ng a ni htt i afe ba e pl es ec pto s f e aki unc nd or de m r e vi t g mtl tr nk m oye ha pl c d t m one i t s f d a e he y n he a e. - 3- Vil s o c i d t f l t e i t c i t oughouthi tme wor ng i i t la us ontnue o olow hes nsnltons hr si ki nsde he b ank.Ea h da aba empl ewoul i or Vils o whe t money waspl c d i t c y, nk oye d nf m la us n he a e n he s f s t Vil s o c d lavef t niht On a f w oc asons a ba e pl e woul t l a e o hat la us oul e or he g . e c i , nk m oye d el Vil us t a k ac t las o o s usomert r m oveahators a s .Addii ly,a Ce ur Ban o e ungls es tona l s nt y k s a c lyexpe t acle a t hou s abank e oyeewoul i or Vil s o oft por di a l ced int fer r , mpl d nf m la us he cintsi ntt s Vil us c d1thi orhe i t buidi le ' de iy o las o oul e m r n he l ng.W he Vils ot da ofl n la us ook ys f hewoul 1tTore know i a nc a woul pr deherwih t na eofhi s tt e. de rs n dva e nd d ovi t he m s ubsiut Howe r lt aonedeer ned whi ofie woul r a Vil s o.And pur ua t ve , lR l t mi ch fc r d eplce la us s nt o Qujn sisr cin , re o a oh rCe tr Ba ke o e wo l sg Vils s stme i o' n tu to s To rs r n te nu y n mply e ud in l u o' i a a s e e r ffe n da . he t ve y i t e ys Vils s c n iu dt wo ka Ce tr Ba k' Do a lc to u tl i n frdhm o l u o o tn e o r t nu y n s r lo ain ni Quj o ie i n a a Oc o r31 2011 Durng t spe i Vils o hel no ot poston ofempl e . t be , . i hi rod, la us d her ii oym nt #.Emply n o an t Diz o me t fpl it a l J e20 9 Quj n hr dP an ifDizt wok a as c rt o fc ra ac n o n u n un 0 , ia o ie litf a o r s e u iy fie t o d mii m. Be a s Quj n rq ie Dizt h v as c rt ofc rlc n ef rt p sto , a t o c u e ia o e u rd a o a e e u i fie ie s o he o i n Diz o k p i tann ca s st a q ietel e s p irt b i ghie AswihVi a u o Quj nop o i e riig ls e o c ur h i n e ro o en rd. c t l s s , ia r v d d l Di zwih a I i ntfc ton c r andpac sbe ng t I s a t n RR de ii a i a d the mi he RR ymbolt we ro hi t f m . o a n s mior Quj n as g v Dizt s meI t s e t t rc r h shozs ia o lo a e a he a RR i h es o e o d i l . me r I J 201 I a sg Di t wor a Ce u y Ba sDor ll a i s c fc l n une 0, RR s i ned az o k t nt r nk' a oc ton, pe iialy sain n h m o tiet eb nka di tep r igae .Qujnotl Dizh w mu hI wo l tto i g i u sd h a n n h akn r a i od a o a c RR ud pa hi a wel ast da and hour t the woul wor a t ba y m s l he ys s ha d k t he nk. On J 26,201 Di z une 0, a me wihQuj n , n uyBa kS n o ViePrsd n Ma u lDa dLo e , n b l e ly e t t ia o Ce t r n e i r c e ie t n e vi p z a d az mpo e k - 4- Duni ky Ese n.Lopeza Ese n notfe Di t hewoul ne d t wa c ove t t r es tva nd t va iid az hat d e o t h r he hid too oft pa ki l ton W ed s ysduet awe kl e utvemee i Di z e nt l l r he r ng o ne da o e y xec i tng. a ve ualy wor i bo h t pa ki 1 a we last frtfooroft buidi ked n t he r ng ot s l he is l he l ng. Thr houtDi z' tm ea Ce ur Ba Eseva m o t e a1 a e oft Do albr nc oug a s i t nt y nk, t n nior d 1 r as he r a h vi ca r i l ngt ea e t whi h Diz wasa sgne a me a, ncudi hos r as o c a s i d.Thoug t pr iede eeof h he ecs gr dal s pe vson i uncla fom t r cor Ce ur Ba a t ver l a ti t u t Di z o iy u r ii s e r r he e d, nt y nk t he y e s nsr ced a n oc aso t g t dif r ntl to on t pr mieswhe ba empl ye notce s t ng c i n o o o fe e ocai ns he e s n nk o es i d omehi outoft or na y. Suc i t nc i l he di r h nsa es ncuded t pr e ofa s i iorora ilgaly pa kedca . he es nce olct n le l r r And a not d,Dizm ant i apos on t t r fooroft pa ki l on W e da f rt s e a i aned t he hid l he r ng ot dnes ys o he we kl e utveme i M or ove ,no bank e oy e e rdici i d Diz durng hi e y xec i etng. e r mpl e ve s plne a i s em pl e . oym nt l e ry 2011, i be n a t ng Engls cl s e . Toa ss Diz Quj n a j se n al D az ga tendi ih a s s sit a , ia o du td Di z' s he et pe mi hi t l vet ba e ryt ma hi cas .Ove t f la s c dul o r t m o ea he nk a l o ke s l s r he otrmont h perod i whih Di l two k ea l t a tnd ca s hene s i n c az ef r ry o te ls , ver ought and di no ne t s e , d t ed o e k, per i s on f om a Ce u y Ba e pl e. m si r ny nt r nk m oye Dizc n iu dt wo ka Ce tr Ba k' Do a lc to u tlQuj n frdhm o a o tn e o r t nu y n s rl o ain n i ia o ie i n Ocobe 31 2011 Dtrng t spe i Di zhel no ot rposton ofe pl t r , . zi hi rod, a d he ii m oyment . C. FfSA LJw-lf ç/f Pl i if fld t pr s nts ta s tng t e c am sunde t FLSA a i tCent y antfs ie he e e ui s eri hr e l i r he gans ur Ba k I a dQuj n S e iial, anif s u h rc v r of n ado e t wa e i n , RR, n ia o. p cfc l Plitfs o g t e o e y u p i v ri y me g s n Count1fom a 1t e Def nda s l Count 1 a 11 e c Pl i ifr s c i y s m itd a r l hr e e nt. n s 1 nd 1, a h antf e pe tvel ub te cam f rrtlao yds h rea ans 1G a d Quj n .Ce t r Ba ks bsqu nl tr n td li o eaitr ic ag g i t 1 n ia o n u y n u e e t emiae y isr l to hi wih I i J y 201 t e ai ns p t RR n ul 2. Ce t r Ba kfldt ep e e tmoi nfrs mmayj d me t nFe r a y2 2 3 nu y n ie h r sn to o u r u g n o b u r , 01 c ne dn ta i wa n t anif'ont mply ru d rteF A.Pli tfst ra trflda o tn ig h t t s o Pli tfs j i e o e n e h LS anif hee fe i e mo infrpat l u r u g n ag igta Ce tr Ba kwa ter oit mpo e to o ri s mmayj d me t r un h t nu y n s h ij n e ly r a ac or ng t t Ac . c di o he t I . LEGAL STANDARD I A c u t h l g a t u r u g n i Sh mo a ts o ta te ei n g n ie o r s al r n s mmayj d me t f t e v n h ws h t h r s o e un t d s u ea t a ymaeil a ta dtemo a ti e tt dt j d me t samatro lm ' F d R. ip t s o n tra fc n h v n s nil o u g n a e te f a ' e . Ci P.5 a .Consque l t mova t ast i ta r s i lt ofi or ngt ditit v. 6() e nty,he nts r he niil eponsbiiy nf mi he src be c toft bassf ism oto a i ntf ng t epori ofçhepl a ngs de ii , our he i or t i n, nd de iyi hos tons t e di , postons a we st i e r t is a a isonson fl,t et rwih t afi vis i a 'whih i ns r o nt rogaore , nd dm s i ie og he t he fda t, f ny, c t bei ve de le s monsr t t a e eofa g ne is ofmatra f t' Se Ceotx Cor v ta e he bs nc enui s ue e il ac . e l e ' p. . Catet477U. 31 323( 986) r t, S. 7, 1 . I e l tng whehe t m ov ha m e t sbur n, c t us vi w al t e de e n vaua i t r he ant s t hi de a our m t e l he vi nc i t lg mos f vor bl t t nonn he i ht t a a e o he movi pa t Se De v Gi mo,606 F.Supp. 1 ng ry. e nt . ai 2d 357, 1 5 ( D. a 2 0 )(ii S at . l rBr wig Co, 0 F.d 6 5 6 6( 1hCi.1 8 ). 3 9 S. Fl. 0 9 ctng we v Mil e n .7 8 2 5 , 5 1 t r 9 3) e Thi me nst tac tl tconsr a lf c sand d a alr s bl i e e esi f roft s a ha our ç mus tue l a t r w l ea ona e nf r nc n avo he no m o ng pm4 ' I n- vi y.' d Oncet m ova ha me isbur n unde Rul 56,t bu de ofpr ton s fsa he nt s t t de r e he r n oduc i hit nd t non- ovi pa t S us do m or t n s m pl s he m ng r y é t m e ha i y how t tt r i s m e m e a ha he e s o t physca doubta i l s t t matra f ct.'M atus t Elc. ndu .Co.v Ze t Radi Cor ,475 U. 57 58 o he e i l a s' s hia e I s . nih o p. S. 4, 6 ( 98 .l e û r co us y,u onobo ae alegai byag movi pary i a 1 6) nde d,t e ncl or nc me r td l tons non- ng tq n n - 6- afi vi orde ii wilnotc eae a is off c f rtils fcen t de e tawel fda t poston l r t n s ue a t o ra ufi i t o f a l- s p o tdmo inf rs mma yj g n . De t 6 6F. u p. da 1 5 .Rahe,h n n u p re to o u r ud me t' n , 0 S p 2 t 3 9 t r te o ' movng pa t m us c i ry t ome f wa d wih ç pe ii f c ss or r t t cfc a t howi age nei s f til' t s ng nui s ue or ra 'or he c u t lg a ts mmayj d me t S eLo zv An , . 9 6 7 4 CI COHN/ ELTZER, o r wil rn u r u g n. e pe . s No 0 - 0 3 - VS 201 U. DitLEXI 75 at* ( D. a.Jn.29,201 )( i Mat s t 475U. a 0 S. s. S 43, 9 S. Fl a 0 quotng su hia, S. t 5 7 .A g n n is eo maeil a td e n t xitS ne st r i s fiin e ie c fv rn 8 ) e uie su f tra fc o s o e s l ls hee s u fce t vd n e a o i g u t en n vn p ryf rar a o bej r t r tr av r iti isf v r' An e s nv Lic l h o mo ig a t o e s na l u y o eu n e dc n t a o . d ro . : r. ' p fobb I .477U. 242, ( 98 . y, nc, S. 249 1 6) 1 1 D I U SSI N 1 . SC O l i mo inf rs mmayj d me t Ce t r Ba ku g st eCo r t fn a amatro n t to o u r u g n, n u y n r e h u to i d s te f s 1w t ttwa n tPlitfs j ite ly ru d r h FLS Plitfsi t l p e e t h i a ha i s o an if' on mp o e n e t e A. anif n u' r sn t er n moinf r rils mmayj d me ts e igteo po i c ncu in. to o pa t u r u g n e kn h p st o lso a e Se ton203()oft FLSA dei sS mpl r' S nype s a tngdie tyor ci d he fne ç oye'as t e a ron ci rcl i drcl i t eitr s o a e ly ri rlto t a e o e . U. C. 2 3 d ( 01 ) n ie ty n h nee t f n mp o e n eain o n mply e' '29 S. j 0 ( ) 2 3 . Ane t yi mp o 'ap ro u d rt eFLS i i t u frs o p r ts't ei iiu lo ni l lys' e s n n e h t e A f ts fe g) r emilj'h ndvd a t s wor 1 j203g) I dee mi ngwhehe apa tc a e iye oye a i viua,aco t k. d. ( . n tr ni t r riulr ntt mpl d n ndi d l ur m us a k çi,a ama trofec t s tf s te onomi r alt t i vi li de nde on t e iy. Ant r c e iy, he ndi dua s pe nt he ntt ' eno ' v D & SFar ,88F.d925, ( 1hCi.1 .Thi d onomi raltests't rf e . ms 3 929 1 t r 996) s t ec c e ii et'heeor l ksa t çs r oo t he luroundi cr umsa e oft whol aci t ' o a c ran whe he t pe s n ng ic tnc s he e tviy't s e ti t r he r o wa de nde upon t puttve e o r Be kv.Boc Gr ,L. ,391F.Supp. 118 118 s pe nt he a i mpl ye . c e p. C. 2d 3, 6 ( D. a. S. Fl 2005) . I a ton, he FLSA r c n ddii t e ogni est 1 wor rca be e z hat 1 a ke n conom i a l de nde on,a c ly pe nt nd 7- - tus onl e l y db , r ta o ee t ya t s metme' Antn r 8 F.d a 9 9. h j it mp o e y moe h n n ni the a i . e o , 8 3 t 2 y t ' Ac o dngy ç eh rtee ly nt ytee o esi t b c n i ee on e ly n o c r i l,ç te h mpo me b h mply r s o e o sd rdj it mpo me t r wh s pa at a ditnc empl e r e nd si t oymentf pu pos soft a de ndsupon a1 t f c si t or r e he ct pe l he a t n he pariulrc e. 29C. R.j7912()( 3) TheEl ent Cic ts ciial empl eg tc a as ' ' F. . a 201 . ev h r ui pe fc ly oys iht fco si a ay igwh te aj ite ly n rlto s i e it: 1 tenau ea dd g e o a tr n n lzn eh r on mp o me t eai n h p x ss ( ) h tr n e re f t put i e oye ' c r oft wor r;( t deg e ofs r son,die tori r tof he atve mpl rs ontol he kes 2) he r e upevii rc ndiec, tewok; 3 terg t drcl o idr cl,ohr ,ie o mo iytewo kes e ly nt h r ( ) h ih , ie ty r n ie ty t ie fr , r d f h r r' mpo me c n iins ()tep we t d tr n tewo k r ' a rtso meho so p y n ; 5 t e o dto ;4 h o r o eemie h r e s p y ae r t d f a me t ( ) h prpaai ofpa r la pa me oft wor r 'wa ;( t ownes poft fclte e rton y ol nd y nt he ke s ges 6) he rhi he a iiis wh r tewo ko c re ()wh t e tewo k r p ro me aln j bitg a t tee e e h r c u rd; 7 eh r h r e s ef r d ie o n e r l o h nd pr t a ( t r ai i sme i e pme a fcltes Beck,391F.Supp.2d at oduc' nd 8) he eltve nvet nt n qui nt nd a iii . , 1187. Furhe mor ,t El ve h Cic tha pr de af w unde l ng prnci est g det t r e he e nt r ui s ovi d e ryi i pl o ui he e c to o t sa ay i.F rt tei ur i j ite o me tc s si S o wheh rt e xe uin fhi n lss is,h nq iy n on mply n a e s i t t e h n wo k ri mo ee o o c l d p n e t nteid p n e t o ta t ro tegle e e ly r, r e s r c n mial e e d n o h n e e d n c n rco r h alg d mpo el y wiht wi ra di r s i lt a a e oy . fa onv. t he nne voi ng eponsbiiy s n mpl er' yt Dsf Ex e sW S ,I , ' pr s A) nc. 6 6F.d 1 7 ,1 7 ( 1hCi. 01 )( u tn Ane o , 8F.da 9 2 .Rah r t ec u t s 8 3 1 2 1 7 1 t r 2 2 q oi g tn r 8 3 t 3 ) te ,h o r mu t co n r t on û ac e oy e r a i hi a i e s sbe wee t wor ra t pary nce ta e t h mpl m nt eltons p s t xit t n he ke nd he t e a sre t b aj it mpo e . d ( u tn Ane o , 8F.da 9 2 .S c n , oo efco i se td o e on e ly r' q o ig tn r 8 3 t 3 ) e o d n n a tr s 'I d tr n tv a tee se c o aj i t mply n r lto s i d p n so tee o o c eemi ai e s h xitn e f o n e o me t eain hp e e d n h c n mi r lt o al t c r um s a s ea iy f l he i c t nce .Ant nor 88 F. a 932. Thid,e onom i de nde i t e , 3d t r c c pe nce s he uli aenoton t mus diec t c tsde son a thewe g ofe ch f c orde ndson tm t i hat t r t he our' cii nd t t i ht a a t pe - 8- t elg ti s e so te(wo k r ' c n mi d p n e c (rlc t ee g o t ealg d h ih t h d n h l r e s e o o c e e d n e o a k h r o n h l e e e ly r whc i tr d p n o tefcso t c s . 1 .a 9 2 3 Fo rh,h j n mp o e , ih n u n e e ds n h a t f he a e' d t 3 -3 . u t t e oit ' e oy nta yssi ç dee mi d by am ahe a ia f mul .'I a 933. The a e eof mpl me nal i s t not tr ne t m tc l or a' d t bs nc a yo eo mo eo tefco sd e n t r cu eafn igo j i t mpo me .I I d e n n r r f h a tr o s o p e ld i dn f o n e ly nt d n e d, ûth p r o eo weg n tefco si . .ove t e q aiai eyt a s s tee ie c o i q e u p s f ihig h a tr s . t iw h m u l tv l o se s h vd n e f l t ec m i de nde e,whi ma poi t bot ' t tvee pl r .l Fit t c tç us ono c pe nc ch y nt o h'pu a i m oye s d fh,he our t t m n tal w c mmo -a c n e so e ly n t dsrc (tlf c sfo e o o c o lo o n lw o c pt f mp o me to ita t is o u r m c n mi de nde y.'I Las,t FLSA a ar medi saut s d beco tue br dl Be k,391 pe nc ' d t he s e al t t e houl nsr d oa y. c F.Supp.2d a 118 t 7. TheCour wilnow pr e t e l t Pl ntfs an Cent y Ba sc t l oce d o vaua e ai if ' d ur nk' ompetng cli s i am unde e h oft e gh f c or .l doi s t Cou tfr tt snot oft El ve h Cicui' r ac he i t a t s n ng o, he r is ake e he e nt r ts d cso i fa o v DHL Ex es% S ) l c I ta c s , e iin n ytn . prs A , n . n h t a e DHL, p o ie o s ipiga d a r vd r f hp n n l itcs ni s c r ctd wih at r pary,Sky La Expr s , ort us ofdrver t dei r og si e ce , onta e t hid t nd e s f he e i s o lve DHL' p c g s La o , 8 F.da 1 7 .Utlzngt ej it mpo me a ay i,hec u t S a ka e . ytn 6 6 3 t 1 3 iii h on e ly nt n lss t o r c n ld dt tDHL wa n t on e ly ro t ed ie su d rt eFLS S ei. t1 81 l o cu e ha s o aj it mp o e f h rv r n e h A. e d a 1 . n pa tculr t c the d t tDHL di notexe cies fce c r ove t drver des t t ri a , he our l ha d r s ufi int ontol r he i s pie he f c t ti madebusne sde ii a r eved e r tcpi up o der t toc aso ly afece a t ha t i s csons nd ec i ra i ck- r s ha c i nal f td tonal t our ound t tDHL di ha d t lngt oft d i r 'wor ys Se i a 1l Addii ly, hec tf he e h he rve s kda . e d t 78. n te e cs e o g s pe vso o e t ed ie st q lf a aj it mpo e e e t ug DHL o x rie n u h u r iin v r h rv r o uaiy s on e ly r v n ho h ma ge sove s w t l di ofpac ge byt drve seve ym or ng, udiedt drver ' na r r a he oa ng ka s he i r r ni a t he i s ve ces a pe i c l c cke i wih t drv r vi s ame s See/f a 11 Fi ly, he hi l , nd rodialy he d n t he i e s a c l r . t t 79. na l t c te our mpha i d t f tt tDHL had no powe t hieorfr t drve s hadno powe t s t sze he ac ha ro r ie he i r , ro e - 9- pa r t s di no pa t d i r ,di notown t d i r 'va ,a di note oyt drve si y a e , d t y he rve s d he rve s ns nd d mpl he i r n as e ilyj bitga t i b sn s .Se i a 1 7 -8 .I r a higisc ncu in,h c u t p cat o ne r l o t u ie s e d t 1 9 0 n e c n t o lso te o r s di no fnd t fna f t ,i sme i e pme a f c ltes t bedipostveasbot Sk d t i he i l acor nve t nt n qui nt nd a iii , o s ii h ' y La and DHL mad sg fca i t nt i t drve s equi nd e inii nt nvesme s n he i r ' pmen a f c ltes Se i a t nd a iii . e d. t 1 81. 1 W. Joi Emplyme Anal i nt o nt yss 1.N aur a De e ofCe ur Ba sCon r ofPl ntfs t e nd gr e nt y nk' tol ai if Ast eElv nhCic i sae i f ytn ûc o to aie . . e te(u p re j i t h e e t rut ttd n a o ,t l nr l rs s . wh n h p r o td o n g e ly r g e b y n g nea isr cin . . ndb gn t a sg s cfcts ,oa sg mpo el o s e o d e rl n tu to s . a e is o sin pe ii aks t sin s c fcwor r ,o t tke a ove l a tver ei t ove sghtoft wor ' 1 a 11 pe ii ke s r o a n ry c i ol n he r i he k. d t 78 ' ( i Ai ev. quotng mabl Long& Sc tFar ,20F. 434,441( t Ci.1 4).A pur t ot ms 3d 11h r 99 ) pored e ly rtk sa o e t a tv r l i t eo e sg t wo kwhe i d cd ss c t ig a t 1 mpo e a e n v rl cie oe n h v rih of r y n t e i e u h hn s s 1 ) ( f rwh m a dh w ma ye o e st hr ; 2 h w t d sg tee ly e ' n g me t o o n o n mply e o ie ( ) o o e in h mp o e s ma a e n sr cur;( whe wor begi ea hda ( whe t lboer s l sa ta sopt i wor tu t e 3) n k ns c y;4) n he a r s hal tr nd t her k tr ug o t h d y a d ()wh t ralb r rs ul b d si ie o rtie ' I ( u tn h o h u t e a ; n 5 ehe a oe ho d e icpl d r ean d. d q oig n ' Mari zMe av Champi I 'Cop.340F. 1 1 -1 ( 1hCi.2003). tne - ndoz . on nt1 r , 3d 200, 209 0 1 t r ) l ismo inf rs mmayj d me tCe tr Ba k a srst a ilc e s fiin c nr l n t to o u r u g n, nu y n se t h t t a k d u fce t o to o e Pli tfst q aiya ter on e ly r Frtt b n a g e t a io l p o i e v r anif o u l s h ij it mp o e . is,he a k r u s h t t ny r v d d f Pli tfswih ge r i tu tonsr ga di t i dutes I c e t ti ne rga r ulr a n if t ne al nsr c i e r ng her i . t ont nds ha t ve ve eg a i t u tonst V il s o afe Tor ess nsr c i o la us t r r poke w ih hi on hi fr tday and ne rpr de D i z t m s is ve ovi d a wih f rhe i tuci unl s s t ng outoft or nar ha ne t u t r nsr tons e s ome hi he di y ppe d.Furhe m o e Ce ur t r r , nt y Ba e t s isr gul i ofV il us sw or hour t DH L' i r tcontoloft drve s nk qua e t e aton las o' k so S ndiec r he i r ' - 10- ho si fa on.Na ey,Ce ur Ba ur t Co tt de isfxt eofVil s o' hour ur n yt m l nt y nk ges he ur o em t i ur la us s s t teco igo t es f a t oa src,u ta teElv nhCic ih l i r lto t tei a t o h lsn f h ae s o b ta tj s s h e e t rut ed n eain o h mp c ofDH L' bus nes de i i nson t drve s'hour . Las l t S i s c so he i r s ty, hough Ce ur Bank a ist ti nt y dm t ha t c t a t d f t pr e ofs c iy of i e s f c r a n hour a is D o a l a i i s r s es on r c e or he es nce e urt f c r or e t i s t t r l oc ton, t t e s t ti di notne ta ef t pr s nc ofs cii ofi e ss h a Pli if on ispr mies ha t d go it or he e e e pe fc fc r uc s antfs t e s . I tad, heba poi sou t tPli if wo ked ou t rs he eswih I a t I nse t nk nt t ha antfs r t hei c dul t RR nd hat RR m a t de ii t s Pli if t wor atCe ur Ba de he c son o end antfs o k nt y nk. I f t I hadt a hort t n ac, RR he ut iy o a sgn Pli if t wor f ro he cle si i s de ied a c r l t as i e of si antfs o k o t r int f t o sr nd ontoled he sgnm nt s tt t sf rPl i if . ubsiu e o antfs l r s e, antfsfrta s r t tCe ur Ba e r ied s fce c r ove n e pons Pl i if is s e t ha nt y nk xe c s ufi int ontol r t m .Fo i t nce Pli if cai t Ce ur Ba s tup t rma ge e snzt eby he r nsa , antfs l m hat nt y nk e hei na m nt t c ur ha ng Tore a Eseva a sg s ii t kst Vils o and Di zr peci l To t se vi r s nd t n s in pecfc as o la us a es tvey. hi nd, t yno et tToresi tu t d Vils o onhi dutesdurnghi fr tda whieEse n he t ha r nsr c e la us s i i s is y l t va a sgne Dizt wor ont t r fooroft pa ki l on W e daysa t ons tofhi tm e si d a o k he hid l he r ng ot dnes t he e si a t ba M or over Pli if poi t t pr sonsi t ve t he nk. e , antfs nt o he ovii n he ndora e m e r e vi gr e nt es r ng Ce t r Bn k' rg t orq e t rrj c t ep e e c o s cfco tc r a dg a tn it e nu y n s ih t e u s o ee t h r sn e f pe ii fi es n rn ig t h a t iy t desg t t ofi er 'hour . Be ndt ag e nt Pli if as e tt tt ba u hort o i na e he fc s s yo he r eme , antf s s r ha he nk e r ie f rhe c toloverVil us shour by t ng t e ofhi wor yt t cosng of xe c s d u t r on r las o' s yi he nd s kda o he l i t s e. he af D e pie Pl i if 'a gum e s t t c r r t Cour fndsf om t undiput d f c s s t a ntf s r nt o he onta y, he ti r he s e at t th frtfco weg a an t fn igo j ite l y n .Tob gn,h Co r d e ha te is a tr ihs g is a i dn f on mp o me t e i te u t o s ac w l e t tCe ur Bn m a ha e r s d a ce t n a ountc r ove Pl ntf s kno edg ha nt y nk y ve xe ci e rai m ont ol r ai i f ' ho s I fa on,DHL m e ey s tt tmef drve st pik up pac gesi t m o ni m . n yt r l e he i or i r o c ka n he r ng, la ngt drve si c toloft lngh oft i wor ysba e on t rde i r oft e vi he i r n on r he e t her kda s d hei lve y he pa ka s.Se i DHL onl oc so ly a f cedt dur ton oft drve s wo kda whe i c ge e d. y ca i nal f e t he a i he i r ' r ys n t ha e r tcpik- or r t whih d i r ha t r pond.1 n c r s,Ce ur Bankher d rai c up de s o c rve s d o es d.l onta t nt y e s tt sa ta e tme f bo h Vil s o a Di z.Tho h Vil us se tm eva i d e he t r nd nd i s or t la us nd a ug las o' nd i re bas d upon t cosng oft s e t twa sila s te nts ti plc by Ce ur Ba e he l i he af , ha s tl e ve e n a e nt y nk. N e rhels , t yBa f ie t e r much c r be nd isr ul ton of ve t e s Cen ur nk al d o xe t ontol yo t eg ai Pli tfs hol s Ce ur Ba lr l di notdie tPli tfsbe a n if ' z . nt y nk a gey d r r c a n if yond pr di t m wih ovi ng he t ge r i tuc i durngt i tme a t ba I pa tc a ,Ba r pr e a i si or ne al nsr tons i her i t he nk. n riul r nk e es nt tve nf med Pli if oft i ge r lt s on t rr s c i trtda , o y s a c l pr de antfs her ne a a ks hei e pe tve i s ys but nl por dialy ovi d Pli if wih a y s tofs ci i tudi a tr r Ce ur Ba t di nota tvey a antfs t n or pe t nsr ons fe wa d. nt y nk hus d k ci l nd o ty i ve is fi Pli tfs's ik t kson ac tntba i . verl nvol tel n a n if pecf as onsa ss M o e r Ce ur Ba di no e c s a c r ove t s ik as i e tof r ove , nt y nk d t xer ie ny ontol r he pec t sgnm n Pl ntfs I aonem a t c c t as i Pl ntfsi pa tc a t wor a Ce ur Ba ai if . RR l de he hoi e o sgn ai if n riulr o k t nt y nk fom a r mongs t i va i c int .I aone ma t de e nai ofwhowoul s tt e t he r rous le s RR l de he t nni ton d ubsiut f rPlitfswh nt e t o d y ofo wo k An I ao ea j se Dizsshe uef rf t o an if e h y o k a s f f r . d RR ln d u td a ' c d l o ol r m o hst al w hi t a tnd Engls c a s s.l lghtoft s f c s t Co tc ude t t nt o lo m o te ih l s e n i he e a t , he ur oncl s ha t lm iedco r t tCe u yBa di e r s ove Pl ntfswa a n t t û bsr t' he i t ntol ha nt r nk d xe cie r ai if s ki o he ç tac' a c r t tt El ve h Cic tf und lc ng i fa on.Seei ontol ha he e nt r ui o a ki n yt d. 2. Ce ur Ba s Deg ee ofSu r s on ofPl i i f 'W o k nt y nk' r pe vi i a ntf s r A put tve em pl rm a exe c s s r i i ' e r e sofw he he or r a e ai oye y r i e upe v s on t ga dl s r t r de s r c ommuni aed die ty t t al ge e oy ori r c l t ough t conta t . f a c t r c l o he le d mpl ee ndie ty hr he r c or' #. t ' - 1 2- 1l78 9. Howe r tnfe nta s ri ofmi malove sghtdo notc tt e t r qui ie -7 ve ,t r que s e tons i ni ri onsiut he e st deg e ofs r ii n.'M ari zM e r e upe v so ' tne - ndoz 340 F. at1 11 a, 3d 2 . Ce u y Ba pr m ie muc ofisdic son oft s c f t on t a lge nt r nk e s s h t s us i he e ond acor he le d i r que y ofiss peni i ofPli if .Spec fc ly,t ba a s rst ti neve ga nfe nc t u son antf s ii a l he nk s e t ha t r ve Vil us compr he i i tuc i on hi dutesa trt frtda l t a Cent yBnnk las o e nsve nsr tons s i fe he is y. nse d, ur a sg d hi s c fct ksonl on t r eoc ason whe e ac t e wa noti c s i ne m pe ii as y he ar c i r usom r s n ompla e inc wih ispolc e ori e t t ii s t xpeceda c t ra trhour .Fo Di z t ba cli st thi daiy t usome fe s r a , he nk am ha s l ts di notc nge e e i t oc asonalc e whe e oneofise pl e woul a ks d ha xc pt n he c i as r t m oye d c omm unia ewih Diz a c t t a bouta f r i ' iua i s non-outne'st ton.Fi ly,t bnnk de e t ta o is na l he ni s ha ny f t e oy seve a t d Pli if wor t dee m i whe he i wasi c mpl ee r udie antfs' k o tr ne t rt n omplanc wih t i e t he ve ndorag e m e . r e nt Pl i if i t n e pha ie t i t nc whe eCe ur Bank di i f c e r i e antfs n ur m sz he nsa es r nt y d n a t xe c s s r ii ove t m .Fo Vil us Pli if f uso t occ sonswhe eba empl es upe vson r he r las o, antfs oc n he a i r nk oye i tu t d hi t a k ac t e t r m oveaha ors a s , whe et y die t d hi t 1t nsr c e m o s usom r o e t ungl s es or r he r c e m o e acle e era trhour . Fo Di ,Pli if not t tEse n woul ca lDi zon W e da int nt fe s r az a ntfs e ha t va d l a dnes ys t t l hi whe t g ti oposton f t wee y me tng, we la on oc sonswhe o he o el m n o e nt ii or he kl e i as l s ca i n t r st to a os s h ast pr s eofas i ior Addii l Pli if hi hlghtt f c t t iuai ns r e uc he e enc olct . tonaly, antfs g i he a t ha Ese n monior d a ea oft ba vi c m e a i l ngt a e ove whih Di ha t va t e r s he nk a n r , ncudi he r as r c az d rs e ponsbiiy. i lt Ye , n t i i o a ountt i t e wher Ce ur Ba exe ci e c r e t eve ak ng nt cc he nsanc s e nt y nk r s d onc et s pe v son ove Pl i if , heCour fndst tt s oc asonsdi notrs t t lvelne es a y u r ii r antfs t t i ha he e c i d ie o he e c sr t s g e t on e o me t ld e ,h Elv nhCic ir a h dasmia c ncu ini o u g sj it mply n . n e d te e e t r ut e c e i lr o lso n - 13- fa o d piet f c t tDHL e r s d a muc i notmor s per son ove t drv s yt n es t he a t ha xe cie s h, f e, u vii r he i er t n Ce ur Ba e r ie i t sc s I fa on,t c t e v t tt drve sl de ha nt y nk xe cs d n hi a e. n yt he our obs r ed ha he i r oa d t i tu kse h mor ngataDHL war her r c ac ni ehous unde t over ihtofDHL m a ge swho a e r he sg na r t tmesc ii ied t drv s l di t hni .fa on, 6 F. a 11 DHL alo a t d t i rtcz he i er ' oa ng ec ques yt 68 3d t 79. s udie he d i r 've cesand t f mst e ur c pla ewiht sa r c ai d i t rve s hil mior o ns e om i nc t he tnda ds ont ne n he a e m e bewe DHL a SkyLa 1 gr e nt t en nd nd. d.Lasl DHL woul oc sonaly c a tt drve s ty, d ca i l ont c he i r vi s a r whe non-ou i st tonsa os . I a c nne s n r tne iua i r e d I t sc e Ce ur Ba onl pe i dialy i tu t d Pli if on t i t s onc i had n hi as , nt y nk y ro c l nsr c e a ntfs her a ks e t p o ie te wi g nea i sr cinso ter o o terrs e tv satn d t s Asi r vd d h m t e rl n tu to n h ij bs n h i e p cie tri g ae . n h fa on,muc ofCe ul Bnnk' c muni ton wih Pli if c m ei e mit ntyasnonyt h nt y s om cai t a ntfs a ntr te l r i st tonsar e,s h a t pr s nceofas i t ort a rva ofaclentafe hour . outne iua i os uc s he e e olcior he ri l i tr s No doest r c d s es t tCe ur Ba e ge i c itnta tng ofPl ntfs wor r he e or ugg t ha nt y nk nga d n onsse udii ai if ' k t co i c o nfnn ompla wih t ve ince t he ndora e m e .Pl i if we e t r o el gel u upe vie gr e nt antfs r he ef r ar y ns r s d durng mos oft i wor ys i t her kda .Cons que l t Cour fndst tCe ur Ba si r que e nty, he t i ha nt y nk' nfe nt a s rinso mi i l v rih o e Plitfsd no idc t t ee se c o aj it set o f nma o esg t v r an if o t n iae h xitn e f on empl e r a i hi oym nt el tons p. 3. Ce ur Ba sRi t Hie,Fie orM odiy Pl i if 'Empl ym e Condii nt y nk' ght o r r , f antfs o nt tons Ce ur Ba a nt y nk dama l de est ti ha a rghtt hie, ie orm odiyPl i if ' nty ni ha t d ny i o r fr , f antfs e oy e c to .I f c ,I al hied a fr Pl i if . Though Pl ntfs mpl m nt ondii ns n a t RR one r nd ied antfs ai if ac knowl e t tCe ur Br di nothavet powe t hieorfr t ,he no t l s edg ha nt y mk d he ro r ie hem t y nehe e s con e t tt ba c d e f tvey modiy t re oyme c tonsbyr usngt i t nd ha he nk oul feci l f hei mpl nt ondii ef i her pr e e a t Dor ll a i es nc t he a oc ton. - 14- W ih Pl ntfs a isont tCe ur Ba ha no rg t hieorfr t m , heCour t ai if ' dm s i ha nt y nk d i ht o r ie he t t tn st tti f co i n t r baieo aj ite ly n r lto s i s d ha h s a t r s o p o tv f on mp o me t eain hp.Eve i Ce t r Ba k s n f nu y n ' une r ie rg t r f s apa tc a ofi ra t Dor ll a i c tt e a abiiyt xe c s d i ht o e u e riulr fce t he a oc ton onsiut d n lt o m odiy Pl ntfs e pl f ai if ' m oyme c tons t Cour fndst spowe t be lm ie Though nt ondii , he t i hi r o i t d. Ce t yBa coul a f ctPli if 'a lt t wor a isofi s t bn c d no modiy n ur nk d fe antf s biiy o k t t fce , he nk oul t f Pl ntfs'e oy e i I a sg t m t wor f a he cle . Ce ur Ba sa lt ai if mpl m nt f RR s i ned he o k or not r int nt y nk' biiy t m odiy Pli if 'e pl o f antfs m oymen c tonst e e d onl asf raslt si talde son t t ondii hus xt nde y a lR' nii cii o as i t m t t ba sgn he o he nk.Thi s tofmi mali ve ntwih t e oy e pr e sdoes s or ni nvol me t he mpl m nt oc s n ts g et on e o me t o u g s j it mply n . 4. Ce t y Ba sPowe t De e mi Pli if 'Pa Ra e orM ehodsofPa nt n ur nk' r o t r ne antfs y t s t yme Ce ur Ba a s de e t ti had a powe wha s vert de e m i Pl ntfs pa nt y nk lo nis ha t ny r toe o t r ne ai if ' y r t s l doi s t ba ct st pr sonsoft ve a e . n ng o, he nk ie he ovii he ndora e m e g an i I t gr e nt r tng RR he a ho iyt s tPli if 'houry r t I addii lypr de Pli if wih tm es e st ut rt o e a ntf s l ae. RR tonal ovi d a ntf s t i he t o r c d t rhour andwoul pa Pl i if die ty. I woul t n i c t bnnk f rt e e or hei s d y antfs r c l t d he nvoie he o hos hotr w or d. ls ke W hie Pl i if a tt tCe ur Bn di no die ty de e net rpa r t s t y l antfs dmi ha nt y nk d t r c l t nni hei y a e , he i itt tt n ountoft rc nss ha he m hei ompe a i ast pr tofan houry r t wa de nde ns ton, he oduc l ae, s pe nt upon t ba sdee mi ton oft rwo k hour .Thus i t i esi ton,Ce ur Ba s ta he nk' tr na i hei r s , n her tma i nt y nk e pa ce lng. y ii TheCo tdoe no fndPl ntfs r s ngheec ncng.Quiesmpl Ce ur ur s t i ai if' eaoni r onvi i t i y, nt y Ba s a lt t de e m i Pl i if hour wasnott pow e t det r i Pl i if 'pay r t s nk' biiy o t r ne a ntfs' s he r o e m ne a ntf s ae ort m e hodsofpa e . The ve r a r m en s c fc l g a ed I R a one t pow e t he t ym nt ndo g ee t pe ii aly r nt R l he ro - 15- de e mi t pa r t sf riss c iy ofi e sa de i t d t pr es t ough whih I t r ne he y a e o t e urt tc r nd sgna e he oc s hr c RR wo d bilCe t y Bn f t s r i e pr ded.Thi f c ort r f eweghsa ns atndi ul l n ur nk or he e v c s ovi s a t he e or i gai t i ng o j ite ly n . f on mp o me t 5.Ce ur Ba sPr pa ai ofPa ol a Pa ntofPli if 'W a s nt y nk' e r ton yr l nd yme a ntfs ge I i undiput dt tlk aonewasdiecl r ponsbl f rbot t pr pa ai n ofpa ol ts s e ha lR l r ty es i e o h he e r to yr l a t pa ntofPli if 'wage .I ed, antfsdono a tmptt te Ce ur Ba t nd he yme antfs s nde Pl i if t te o i nt y nk o et ra tviy a r fo ofe i t s m et ycelng'a g e t tt y e o d i r l ton ihe ci t pa t r m f rng ht a t pa ii ' r um nt ha he mplye n e ai t t ep e ius o n e o mt t a trr g r igp yrtsa meho so pa me t Asars l, o h rvo j it mply n f co e adn a ae nd t d f y n . e ut teCo r fn st a t i fdo t oweg sa ans atn i o j it mpo me t h u ti d h t hs a r o ih g i t i dng f on e ly n . 6.Ce ur Ba sOwne s p oft Fa iii W her Pli tfs'W o k Oc r e nt y nk' r hi he c ltes e a n if r cu r d Theown s p oft f ciii swhe e a e oy swor occ r d i s g t a be a e erhi he a lte r n mpl ee' k ure s i nik nt c us l to the(a ite ) tewo k rmih n th v wo k a db c u eab ie st t wn o s h u t fcl is,h r e g t o a e r , n e a s usn s ha o s r wi i c r st wor ie willkey be a et pr ve lbor1 w vi a i ,e n i i deegaeshii ontol he kst l i l bl o e nt a a oltons ve f t l t rng and s r ior r s nsbiii t lborc r c or . Antno ,88F. a 937. M or upe v s y e po i ltes o a onta t s' e r ' 3d t e fm da nt l ç lndowne i t t me aly, ç a a r s houghtt ha s o ve omeknowl edgeofa contolove wha nd r r t ha ppenson hi l ' fa on,68 F. a 118 s and. yt ' 6 3d t 0. I t sc e, nt yBan e n hi as Ce ur k mphasze t ti m e e yl as d t f ciii a isDor l i s ha t r l e e he a ltes t t a l ai n a t te pl ye a c t r ofne g i busne s fe nty us d t oc to nd ha m o es nd usome s i hborng i s es r que l e he a j c n p r n lt Alh ug Plitfsa k o e g t t nu yBn kd dn to t e d a e t akig o . t o h anif c n wld e ha Ce t r n i o wn h buidi a t D or ll a i t y sr s t ba scon r ove t f c lte t ough is l a e. l ng t he a oc ton, he tes he nk' t ol r he a iii s hr t es W hie i i t u t tCe ur Ba di no o n t f ciii a isD or ll t o i l t s r e ha nt y nk d t w he a ltes t t a oca i n, t ce t nl e r ied ac i r bl a ountofc r ove iswor a et ough isl a e, rai y xe c s onsde a e m ontol r t kpl c k t es - 16- Pli if t a o i t l ditng s t pr s ntca efom La onwhe et d i r s tt antfs hus ppr pra ey si uih he e e s r yt r he rve s pen he maoiyo t i wo k a si va sid p nd nl o e b S yLa d.Se i.Thec u tnt a j rt f her r d y n n n e e e ty wn d y k n ed o ri ht ca e a c di l hel t tt d i r we e notde nde on D HL t pr det m wih t s c or ng y d ha he r ve s r pe nt o ovi he t he f ciii ne s a y t ca r outt i d y ofdei rng pa ka s Id. l contas ,Pl i if r i a ltes ce s r o ry he r ut lve i c ge . n r t a ntf s eled upon Ce ur Ba sc r ofisDor ll ton t c ry ou t i dut ofpr di s c iy a nt y nk' ontol t a ocai o a r t her y ovi ng e m t t t ba t r by s esi agr a e lvelofde nde eon t puttve e oye he et n he nk, he e ugg tng e t r e pe nc he a i mpl r r ha e itd i La o Th sfdo te eo ema weg s me a i fvo o aj ite o me t x se n ytn. i a r h r f r y ih o wh t n a r f o n mply n r a i hi eltons p. Pl i if 'Pe f m a eofa Spe at J l eg a t Cent y Ba sBusne s antfs ror nc cily ob nt r l o ur nk' i s I Ruh ro dFo dCop. . co teS p e Co r c n e t ta n tef r o r v Mc mb,h u rme u t o dud d ha sa g tr o s wa tej ite ly ro me tb neswh m i h dhie v aalb rc nr co . lu he h u e s h on mp o e f a o r o t a rd i a o o ta tr Ruh ro dFo dCop. . co , 31U. 7 2 7 9( 9 7 .Th Co r f u dt a t wo k r tef r o r v Mc mb 3 S. 2 , 2 1 4 ) e u t o n h the r e s p ro me $ s e il o o t epr d ci nl e' r a i t i e e r t a a e trrs ef r d 1 p cat b n h o u to i 'mo e kn o t c wo k h n n nep ie a yj n pi t a a tal d pe d df rs c e su o teiiitv , u g n o f r sg to t t pc l h t cu l e n e o u c s p n h ntaie j d me t r o e ih f he y ia y i pe ntco rcor' 1 a 730.Si et wor r soodast r oft (lug ehous s nde nde nta t . d. t ' nc he ke s t ç t he sa htr e') pa i e a e t tofpr ton,' heCour dee d t m t bet sa e hous se pl es 1 ntgr t d mi oduc i 't t me he o he l ughtr e' m oye . d. a 7 TheEl ve h Cicui ha s e nty e ai d t ttawor rwho pe f msar i t 29. e nt r t s ubs que l xpl ne ha 1 ke ror outne ts t ti an r l n itg a p s o t eEle e e lyelsp o ucini l l t b a k ha s o ma a d n e rl ha e f h alg d mp o r' r d to s i y o e ke d p n e to t egl g de ly r' o eal r d cinp o e s' Ane o , 8F.da 93 e e d n n h al e mpo els v rl p o u to r c s. tn r 8 3 t 7. e ' Ce u yBn now mai ai t tPli if di no pef m as cat j i e r lt is ntr nk nt ns ha antfs d t ror pe ily ob ntg a o t busnes .Reum i t fa on, hebn obs r st tt Elve h Cic tdeci d t co i r i s t ng o yt t nk e ve ha he e nt r ui lne o nsde t drve s S r i lt s 'ofdelverng pa ka sa Snt r l'snc i wa no a l he i r ' ç uc a a k' c i i c ge s ç eg a' i e t s t naogoust i o - 17- e oye wor ng on apr ton lne Se La on,686 F.d at11 Cen ur Ba t mpl es ki oduc i i . e yt 3 80. t y nk hus a gue t tPl ntf s s r i a s c iy ofi e s w a lke i e noti eg a t t bn s r s ha ai i f ' e v ce s e urt f c r s i w s nt r l o he nk' o rto d s t iscu il al e Plitfsn n tee so j c t t eb nk sc rceiaino peain e pi t r ca n tz . an if o eh ls be to h n ' haa trz to f e r t i r ewihi t ba slr rope ai The c endt tt i poston a s urt ofi r her ol t n he nk' a ge r ton. y ont ha her ii s ec iy fce s w asa s c a i d a c ii ala pe toft i e a ed uni oft ba s bus nes . pe i lze nd rtc s c he nt gr t t he nk' i s Tho s c iy s viesa ewihoutdoubtac cilas tofaba sbusne s ugh e urt er c r t nz a pec nk' i s, P an if a s c rt o fc r ddn t ro as e ilyj bitg a t Ce t r Ba k' b sn s litfs s e u iy fies i o pef nn p cat o n e r l o n u y n s u ie s i t s ns ofa e pl et ki a apa tc a poston on alr rpr ton lne' I n he e e n m oye ' wor ng t riulr ii a ge oduc i i .' d (uoi Ant r,88F. a 937) nfc,Pli if c ei ls c q tng eno 3d t .I a t antfs' as s e s ompelngt nt drves li ha he i r' poston i fa o whe e DHL c d no a co pls ise s ntalbusnes t k ofdelve i ii n yt n r oul t c m ih t s e i i s as i rng pac ge wihoutt m .Tho h a ba c ranl nee s urt ofi r f pr e i t e ka s t he ug nk e ti y ds ec iy fce s or otcton, hos ofi e sa enotdie ty i ve i t busnes ofba ng a a el r l a la y t abank' fc r r r c l nvol d n he i s nki nd r a gey ncilr o s d i a tvte .Th Co r tee oetn sta t i fco i n t r b tv o j ite o me t al ciiis e u th r fr i d h t h s a t r s o p o aie f on mply n . y 8. Ce ur Ba sa It ' Rel tve l t e i Equi e a Fa iii s nt y nk' nd lR s a i nvesm nt n pm nt nd c lte Cour sl t t co r c or sa t put tve e pl yer sr a i i s m e i t ook o he nt a t ' nd he a i m o ' el tve nve t nt n equi nta f c ltesbe us ç r r a emor lkel t bee pme nd a iii ca e t ke s r wo ei y o conomi ly de nde on t ca l pe nt he peron who s i st eq pme ort f iii s' I a 11 1 Si eI al pr de s upple he ui nt he aclte . d t 8 . nc RR one ovi d ' Pl ntfswih t c ai if t he ompan i ntfc ton c dsa t unio m pache be rng isnn e y de ii a i ar nd he f r t s ai t m , Ce ur Ba co e t ti hasnotm a a y i s m e i Pl i if 'e pm e . Pl ntf s nt y nk nt nds ha t de n nve t nt n a ntf s qui nt ai i f co e b as e tng t tCe t y Ba c r l and s i d t f ciii s i t Dor unt r y s ri ha n ur nk ont oled upple he a lte n he al l a i n. oc to Be a e bot I and Ce ur Ba m ade i t e si t f m ofe pm e a c us h RR nt y nk nvesm nt n he or qui nt nd - 18- f c lte r s ci l t Cou tfndst tt sf t doesnotai iso r l a yss I fayt a iiis e pe tvey, he r i ha hi acor d t ve a l nal i. n on, t c td dno tnd t sfna f c o t beus f lwhe eboh DHL a SkyLa i sed he our i t l hi i l a t r o eu r t nd ' nd nve t sg t a l i t d i r 'e pm e ta f iii s f . l pa tc a , i nik nty n he rve s qui n nd aclte . J n riulr DHL c rb edt ontiut he wa e r hous swhe et drve swor d brel e c da whieSk La owne t va t tt e r he i r ke i ty a h y l y nd d he ns ha he d iesu e frt emao iyo t erwo k a s 1 .Smial,h Co r d e n tf t i fdo rv r s d o h j rt f h i r d y . d i lry te u t o s o i h s a r nd t behel ulwher bot I a Cen ur Ba i t i Pl n if 'eq pm e a f iii s o pf e h RR nd t y nk nvesed n aitf s ui nt nd aclte . Ot r Co i r tons he ns dt a i Th Co r n tso ef rh rc n ie aint a weg a an taûn igo j i t e u t oe n u te o sd rto h t ihs g is dn f o n e pl m e .Asaf t rf cori e l tngt e onom i r lt ofa aleg e o e m oy nt urhe a t n vauai he c c eaiy n l ed mpl ym nt r ltons p,he El nt Cic tha a s c i r whe he t a lge empl rtmant i e ai hi t eve h r ui s lo onsde ed t r he le d oye t i aned e o mplymen r c ds' Vil ealv Woodman,11 F.3 2 2 2 ( 1h Ci. 9 7 .Hee t e or . lar . ' 3 d 0 , 05 1 t r 1 9 ) r , Ce ur Bank f ie t c eaeorm ant i a y ofPl ntfs e pl nt y al d o r t i an n ai if ' m oyme r cor be nt e ds yond t he i c a t a tc d tm es e st tI s ntwhe bilngt bank. nvoies nd he ta he i he t ha RR e n li he #. Fi As es m e nal s s nt Ba ed on t r cor a t a e eofag nei s ofm ae ilf c , t C o t s he e d nd he bs nc enui s ue tra a t he ur c n ld sa amatro lw t a Ce tr Ba kwa n tP an if' on e o e t e te o cu e s te f a h t nu y n s o litfs j it mply r md r h F A.Re al gteElv nhCic i' g ii p i cplsfrt ej it mp o me t n lss t e LS c li h e e t r uts udng rn i e o h on e ly n a ay i,h n Co tfndst tt e nomi r aiy oft pr e cr um sa e de ur i ha he co c e lt he es nt ic t nc s monsr esltl , i a tat ite f ny, ec onomi de c pende eby Pl ntfson Ce ur Bank. Thought bnnk i t c e Pl ntfson nc ai if nt y he nsnlt d ai if S a r l lgoa s' i f ie t pr dem uc i tu ton r ar ng da l t kson ac it n t c o-eve m l,' t a ld o ovi h nsr c i eg di iy as ons se t b ss S eLa o , 8 F.da 1 81( o ldngt a DHLwa n ttedi es j ite l y r a i. e ytn 6 6 3 t 1 c ncu i h t s o h rv r 'on mp o e whe et c r he ompa y çpr vi d ltl gui nc r r ngt m a rby whih t e ut dal n t o de ite da e ega di he nne c o xec e iy - 19- ts ' Cenur Bank' mi ma co r a s r ii ofPli if,pardwihismi r e a ks). t y s ni l ntol nd upe vson antfs ie t t nor ol i Pl ntfs'e oy e pr s and lc ofi ve e i t pa e ofPl i if , al n ai if mpl m nt oce s a k nvol m nt n he ym nt antfs 1 s g s t ea s n eo aj ite o me t eain hi ug e t h b e c f on mply n r lto s p. Peh psmo tidc tveo t elc o t s on r lto hpi t ef c t tI h d ra s n iai f h a k f hij it eains i s h a t ha RR a plna y a hort o rt as i e tofPli if, noto yi r t tng t m be we n dif r n e r ut iy ve he sgnm n antf s nl n o a i he t e fee t Ce ur Ba l a i , a s i t tanse ofPl i if t ot rci nt . l t u h, 1 R nt y nk oc tons but lo n he r f r antfs o he le s n r t I 1 orgnal ta f re Di zfom s r i ea ac i i ly r nse r d a r e v c t ondom i tm t hi a sgnm t a t ba . nil o s s i nt t he nk Acc di y, heCour no est tt Elve h Cicui i fa on e pha i d Sk La s or ngl t t t ha ht e nt r t n yt m sze y nd' o r hi oft va a a i c ton oft f t tt drve sc d ha wor a co ir wne s p he ns s n ndi ai he ad ha he i r oul ve ked s ure s f rot c pa e . Se i a 118 A s a r fec i n ofec o her om ni s e d. t 0. e l to onom i de nde e t n, t Cour c pe nc he he t fn ta ti fc ,nc n u cinwi teoh rf do sd su s d d mo tae Plitfs lc ids h t h s a t i o j n to t h te a r ic s e , e nsrts an if' a k h ofe onom i de nde eon Ce ur Ba Cons nty, t Cour g an sCe ur Ba s c c pe nc nt y nk. eque l he t r t nt y nk' moinf rs mmayj d me t n d nisPlitfs mo inf rp rils mmayj d me t to o u r u g n a d e e an if ' to o a t u r u g n . a l CONCLUSI V. ON Fort a ve r as ,i i he bo e ons t s ADJUDGED t tDee ntU. Cenur Ba sMotonf SlmmayJ ha fnda S. t y nk' i or l r udgme ( E. nt D. - 20- No 3 ) fldo Fe ua 2 2 3 i GRANTED, n t a Plitfs M oinf rPa t l . 4 , ie n br n . 01 , s a d h t an if' to o ri a Summmy J udgme ( E. 35) fldonFebruar 5. 3,i DENI nt D. No. , ie y 201 s ED. Ydyf y21. aoMa,03 DONE AND ORDERED i Cha r atM im i Fl i t n mbe s a , orda, hi . . .A' . ' ' ' ' FEDE A .M OREN O > 1 ED STATES DI STRI J CT UDGE Copi spr de t e ovi d o: Couns ofRe or el c d - 21 -
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