Sagaan Developments and Trading Ltd. v. Quail Cruises Ship Management et al, No. 1:2011cv23873 - Document 66 (S.D. Fla. 2013)
Court Description: ORDER Granting 41 and 42 Defendants' Motions for Summary Judgment and Denying 50 Plaintiff's Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 5/22/2013. (asl)
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Sagaan Developments and Trading Ltd. v. Quail Cruises Ship Management et al Doc. 66 UN I TED STATES DI STRI CO UR T CT SO UTH ERN DI STR I O F FLO RI CT DA CA SE NO . 11 238 Cl - TZ/ M ON TON - 73- V SEI Sl SA GAAN DEVELO PM EN TS AN D TR AD I G LTD. N , Pl ntf, ai if QUAI CRUI SHI MANAGEMENT L SES P a/ a HA PPY CRUI S,S. . J EL O W NER k/ SE A , EW LTD . a m TERN ATI AL SH I NG , nd ON PPI PARIN ERS, D tf endant . s / OR DER G M NTING DEFENDA NTS'M O TIO N S FO R SU M M A RY JUD G M EN T A ND DENYIN G PLAINTI S CRO SS- O TIO N FOR SUM M AR Y JUD GM EN T FF' M TH I M ATTER i befor t Cour on Def ndant l er i S s e he t e nt natonalShi ng Part s' M oton ppi ner i frSu r J o mmay udgme t( 41,Dee a Jwe Own sLTD.sM oi f Su r J dgme t n DE 1 fnd nt e l er ' ton or mmay u n ( 421 a Pli ipsI or rtd Cr sM oi fr Summay J me t( 50) Thi i a DE , nd antf nc poae os- ton o r udg n DE . s s c rc c s i a rly. 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The Cour has consder Jew eland I S m otons,Pl ntf opposii and cr m oton t i ed SP' i ai ips ton oss i f smmay j me t ( 501 Dee ans rpl an r pons t Pl nifscos moto f or u r udg n DE , fnd t' e y d es e o aitf r s in or s ummayj dgme t( 59 ,a Pl ntf rpl ( 621 Whiet r i no diput t tPli if r u n DE 1 nd ai ips e y DE . l hee s s e ha antf ha s fe e l s si e es of$ 0 u r viw oft r c d e d e t r i no g nui s u f r d os e n xc s 500,00, pon e e he e or vienc , he e s e ne dip east a maeilf ta Dee nt aee ildt j me a amatroflw.Net r s ut o ny tra ac nd fnda s r ntte o udg nt s te a ihe J welno l owe Pli ifa c ta t ldut a net rwas u j ty e ihe b Pl ntf' e r SP antf onr cua y, nd ihe nusl nrc d y ai ifs p r or a c oft unde l ng f de i r c r c . A c or n y, h Cou tg a st e de e da s e f m n e he ryi uel lve y onta t c di gl t e r r nt h f n nt ' moinsf s to or ummayj dgme . r u nt BA CK G R O UND3 Qu lCr s c rer t M / Ge i fom J welt o at a cr ie lne ta na ai uies ha t ed he V m ni r e o per e us i rde med d- ppy Cr s s' Qu lo ae te Ge niund a sa r tme c re,me ni Qu lha sl la uie . ' ai pertd h mi er tndad i hatr a ng ai d e l i us ofte Ge nif a sttmea durngte c re pei Qu lc d un ra a xcusve e h mi or e i nd i h hatr rod ai oul detke s ma yvoya sa iwa td.Qu ldeemi dwheet Ge niwo ds la whihporsiwo d n ge s t ne ai tr ne r he mi ul ai, t c t t ul c l a mos i ra f pur esoft sc s Qua l ss ey la ef a r gi f rt s p' al, nd t mpo tnt or pos hi a e, i wa oll ibl or ran ng o he hi s f la p n f i. Un rte a r men,Jwe,c i d t opeaet ve slf Qual b ue nd ayig or t de h gee t e l ontnue o rt he se or i, ut J welco r c ed w ih I a pr es i nal s p m a ge , t m a g vit aly e er as ec of t e e nta t t SP, of s o hi na r o na e r u l v y p t h Ge i ' o a i ns a man eme on J wels b hal The Ge i c re sa t d on M a c 30 m nis per to nd ag nt e ' e f4 m ni ha t r t r e rh , 200 a wa t ha r u iOcobe l 201 b Qualha fna a pr e . OnSe emb r 9 nd s o ve un ntl t r 4, 2, ut i d i ncil oblms pt e 3Thebac o i de i d fom t undiputd f t u es ot r s sae kgr und s rve r he s e acs nl s he wie t td. 4J li asngl a s te iy f medby aDanih c ewe s i e-s e ntt or s ompany,t Clppe Gr s el f t pur eofowni he i r oup, ol y or he pos ng t Gemi . l hasaboa dofdiecor a empl t Gemi ' de and e necew butI ma sJe ' he ni t r r t s nd oys he nis ck ngi r SP nage wels a i srtonandfna es dm nita i i nc . 2 2 20ll l stant wee aferSa a delv rdtesc bun r Qu lis e aprs r e s 6, ,es h wo ks t ga n iee h e ond ke, ai su d e s elae announci i w ascancelng isr ai ng cr s f 2011. ng t i t em ni uies or The que ton p es nt d i t s ca e i whe he J we a or 1 a e Ia e t Pl n if f s i r e e n hi s s t r e l nd/ SP r i bl o ai tf or Qualsn p yme oft bun r und rt ore ofbe ch ofi id-n-a c ta t a co i' on-a nt he kes e he is ra mple i fct onrc, c unt sae a /runus e ihme .Theeor ceti fcsc nc ni t bun rdel r pr es a ttd, ndo j t nrc nt rf e, ran a t o er ng he ke i y oc s nd ve t e tme c re r lto hi b t e Quai a J we a l a e r e n . Ac o di y,e c of h i - ha tr ea ins p ewe n l nd e l nd SP r elva t c r ngl a h t e i di s i t n. hes s scus ed n ur 4. The BunkerD elver Proces i y s - The t bunkerdelveres atisue occured on A ugus 29,2011,and Sept ber 13,2011 at wo i i s r t em , t Por of St Pet r bur Rus i . l i u s t d t at t Pl n if ne i t d t e unde l ng he t e s g, s a 5 t s ndi pu e h he ai tf gota e h ryi . s yc nta twihQu lalne Theeaenowrte c ta t bewe Sa a a et rJwe or uppl o rc t ai o . r r i n onrcs t en ga n nd ihe e l l I be au e asi dicuse beow,t Ge niwason tme c re t Qu l Un rt tme SP, c s , s s sd l he mi i hatr o ai. de he i ch trage me ,Jwe sied te s p,bu Qual ltrly,stt c s The Ge nisie are re nt e l al h hi t i, ieal e he oure. mi ald ac or ng t Qu lsiierr Ac or ngl,t ChifEn n errquiii d f lf te ve s c di o ai' tn ay. c di y he e gie e stone ue or h sel b e o whe eQua l tr i d t Gemi woul c l as d n r i dee m ne he ni d al. Th pr ce sofbun rng t ve s s a t d wih t Chi fEn ne rr que tng f lfom e o s ke i he s el t re t he e gi e e s i ue r QualsTe hnia Ma ge. Afe ta,Quale u i l h ndl t ne tainsa dpuc sng. i' c c l na r6 tr h t i xclsvey a ed he goito n rha i 5 Sa n' pe f ma ei nota is I i undipuedt tSa andei r boh bunke sasr r d. gaa s ror nc s t s ue. t s s t ha ga lveed t r equie 6Th p risdip t wh te teChe En ierh dtea toiyt od rfe.( 41! 2 Plitf camste e at s ue eh r h if gn e a h uh rt o re u l DE 2 . anif li h e ChifEngi e coul or f elt defndant cai hec d no .Howeve ,be us i i undiputd t tt e ne r d der u ,he e sl m oul t r ca e t s s e ha he defnda sdi notor rt f eli t sca e whehe t Chi Engi e coul o de f li no r eva .Howe r e nt d de he u n hi s , t r he ef ne r d r r ue s t el nt ve , t Cour brefy dic s t is he ebe us Pli ifr s t Chi Engi e ' a tviiswih rgad t he t i l s us es he sue r ca e antf aies he ef ne rs c i te t e r o b n eigi i ag me tfrd n n s mmayj g n t Dee d nso tebe c of o ta t li u k rn n t ru n o e yig u r ud me to fn a t n h ra h c nr c cam. s Thediput,i woul s em,i ba e ont me ng oft wor ço de .'Pl ntf r s e t d e s s d he ani he d <r r' ai ifa guest td-'eChi ha i h f ef En n e, ehe tev se i o c atrt QUAI (ra yoh rtidp ry o n twa a drman a e ly e gie rwh t r h es ls n h re o L o n te hr at) r o, s n e is n mpo e ofJ EL,who i r po i ef a r ngf bunkerdei r rque tng bunke st bedei r d,a ove s ng EW s es nsbl or rangi or lvey, e si r o lve e nd reei a dsg igfrteb n eswhihaed l ee ' ( 6 p 2 (e o dctt n o te .Ho v rted p st n n inn o h u k r c r ei rd. DE 2, . 1 rc r i i s mitd) we e,h e o ii v ' ao o ofI SVi Pr sde ofM a i Ope ai , c l i,whih Pl ntf cies satsçt Chi Engi rr que t SP' ce e i nt rne r tons Nik ngls c ai if t , t e çhe ef nee e ss fe . .tsu t Qu it d cd ho mu ho ta te aea tal g n t d l e..'( p sto o NikIgi u l . i' p o alo e ie w c f h th y r cu ly oig o ei r . De o i n f c n ls v ' i Clgi De ' ( 4l, p. 2-6 ) Mo e e, e Igl wa ak dt tigtec atrp ryp ro wh h d çn l p.) DE- )p 6 3. rov rwh n n i s s e s ln h h re at eid, o a s ' s D r t au ho iy t or rbun r t t ve el' Hea we ed,ç-a Cr s . he t rt o de ke s o he ss ?' ns r tlppy uies' l ' Q:t y o y es ?' S b d le ' An A;ç . (d a p. ) ç ' 1 t 20. No ' 3 QualsTec nialMa ge nomi tdSag a c i' h c na r nae a n, ommuniae t rquie nt t Sag an, nd c td he e rme s o a a arng dwihSa a f delv y.QualsTe hnia M a ag rwa EnrqueDopio.Hi c tr r ra e t g an or ier i' c c l n e s i c s ounepat c nd v i e he g itons t i t negotatonsatSagaan wasSer Lunev. D opi o a Lune snalz d t ne ota i wih n he ii gey an exchange ofe- aison A ugus 17,2011. m l t Folow i t negotatons Sagaan is a SBunker Confr aton' da ed A ugus 18,20l1. l ng he ii , s ued s im i ' t t Th bun r c i ma i was a r s ed t Hap Cr s s S. M a i a t t a t n i of M r e ke onfr ton dd e s o py uie , A. drd nd o he te ton . M iuelMouni o Ha Cr s s Mou rwa Quai' Exe utve Vie Prsde tofOpeai . g r f ppy uie . ni s ls c i c e i n rtons Ha y Cr s a M ouni we e t e onl ls e r ci en s on t d um e . The bu e pp uies nd r r h y i t d e pi t he oc nt nk r c ima in r t r td t e tr Dopio ne it d a e rirc fr d wih Lune i t Aug t onfr to eie ae h e ms c gota e nd a le on ime t v n he us 17t e- ai. Paym entwasdue 30 daysf om t dat ofdelver The f l i l h m l r he e i y. olow ng anguage appear on s t confr aton: he im i Ac oun u r M a t ra d/ rOw ne sa / Ch t r a or c o ye : se n o r nd or are s nd/ Oper or and/ M anagi A gent and/ at s or ng s or HA PPY CRU I SES,S. .Panam a c/ HA PPY A o CRU I SES,S. M adrd A. i ( 1 1 Ex.l. DE - , ) The e i no e de e t s ge tt tSa a a s s nta c oft s c i m a i t e t r J w e o r s vi nc o ug s ha ga n l o e opy hi onfr ton o ihe e l r I SP. Sagaan' t r pary agentdelver t f t t s p as r r J els Chi Engi s hid- t i ed he uel o he hi equied. ew ' ef neer c nt r s g d t d i r r e pt sa pe t r c i a delve e a c i me b e- ai t t ou e - i ne he elve y ec i , t m d he e e pt s i r d, nd onfr d y m l o he Te hni lM a g t a f h d be n r c i d i bot t a ac i . c ca na er h t uel a e e e ve n h r ns tons B. TheTi Chare Agre ntbewe n Quai a Jewe me tr e me t e l nd l M o et nt ye r be or t bunk d i re a is ,Qu la J we sgne t e c re r ha wo a s f e he er elve is t sue ai nd e l i d h ha tr pa t a r e tt tg ve Quai us oft vesel The a ee n b t e Quai a J we wa a ry g e men ha a l e he s . gr me t e we n l nd e l s s andar tm e charer whi w as t have r fom M ar 30,2009 t ough Oct t d i t ch o un r ch hr ober 14,2012.The c re pa t a r m e t w a m e ora i d i a t - r doc m e t Pa t 1 i a s a a d BI CO ha tr ry g ee n s m i lze n wo pa t u n . r s t nd r M On balnce t r or r te st Chi Engi rto de e 'hef i of a hecommu c t r quie nt t a , he ec d el ct he ef nee çr r d't uel ns ar s niaed e rme s o Qual Qu ie cusv l d atwihtes p l r.l , 1 ; 5 ) i. al x l iey e l t h u pi s d p. 6 p. 0. e Unior Ti chatrdoc n ont BALTI E 1 39( Re s d2001 f m. Pa t2c ti f m me- re ume t he M 9 As vie ) or 7 r onans s fc cl es r at t t charerB Par a 4 of t BALTI E 1939 f m set out t pecii aus el ed o he t. agr ph he M or s he Chatrr'oblgai .Quai' oblgai und rt a e me tt prviea pa frf li ce l rees i tons ls i ton e he gre n o o d nd y o ue s lary s outi lne one: et ni TheChare e ss lpr vi and pa fralf loi...e tr r hal o de y o l ue I (mpha i a d .t postonof ss dde ) (De ii NeisErkLun (sa De ')( 41 1, 3) l- i d i und p. DE - )Ex. ) l ' Undera tm e chart agr ent t charer contol atwhi porst s p calsand w her i er eem , he t er r s ch t he hi l e i s l . Forispa t t o ne ' p i ci lo goi oblg ton i t na g t ,o r t an m a g t t ais t r , he w r s r n pa n- ng i a i s o vi a e pe a e, d na e he vess f t beneft of t charer l exchange,t chart er pays t ow ner a f known as el or he i he t er. n he er he ee charerhie. The daiy r e ofhie was634, 9 The agr ententted J elt t sf r dl s t r l at r 000. eem il ew o hi ee egar es ofwhet t Gem i wasunder her he ni way,i por,orhad pas enger aboar The charerhie wast be n t s s d. t r o pai e r t we ks bu sa tng i Fe ua y 201l Qua lf l be nd i ispa n s a d i wa d ve y wo e , t t ri n br r i el hi n t yme t n t s c nsse l i dea tu itech rerwastr nae Jwe ga Qualnoieon Ma l 2011 o itnty n ful ntl h a t emi td. e l ve i tc y 9, , t t i wa tr i tn Quai' c re pu s a t a pr vii i t a r me tt tal d f r ha t s e m na ig ls ha tr r u nt o o son n he g ee n ha lowe o t m i ton on t basi of s t i ,accr ar ear i t charer hie pa ent By t end of er na i he s ubsantal ued r s n he t r ym . he J 2 1 Quaiowe J wel , , i ba kp me s une 0l , l d e 61428000 n c ay nt. Re ee ai sofQual J wel a d t Cl rGr J welspae c prsnttve i, e , n he i ppe oup, e ' rnt ompa ,me i ny t n Cope ag n onM a 25,201 ,t n otaeas tlme t Qualage d t apa nts e eta nh e y 1 o eg it ete n. i re o yme ch dul h t wo dha m a e i c r nton ispa nt,pr de t a Qua lha c tnue us oft e Ge nit ul ve d t ure t yme s ovi d h t i d on i d e h mi o r is 201 s un t 1 umme c uie s as But whe Qu lc as d opea i i lt - ptmbe 201 ,i r r s e on. , n ai e e rtons n a e se e r l t w as sil neary 62, 000 i ar ear Jewel m ii ed is l s , i par, by executng on a tl l 000, n r s. tgat t os es n t i 7Th Batca dItmain l rtmeCou clBI e li n ne to a Mai i n i( MCO)itewol' lretitraina s ipng s h rds ag s nen to l hp i a s iton.TheBALTI E 1 f i oneoft e sa r f s ocai M 939 onn s hr e tnda d onnsus d i tmec re i 2ThomasJ e n i ha trng. . S h e b u Ad r l a dM aii La jl - (t e . 01 )Se as Miei v Hom a dWo si, 9 Fs p c o n a m, miat n rtme w 12 5h d 2 1, e lo lt . l n n l 2 4 .u p v . c d 7 2( . N. 1 6 )(ecii teBALTI fr a û l-n wn'nt c atrid sr . 7 SD. Y. 9 8 d srbng h ME o m st lk o 'i he h re n u ty) we 8 Thert ofhie,dur ton,s p f iiy r r m e s andot rm a t sa ea e s d i pa t2 oft c tr ae r ai hi aclt equie nt, he ter r ddr s e n r he hare pat agr m e butno oft eaeatis he e ry ee nt ne hes r s ue r . 9Thi wast dal c trhier t a t tmeoft r eva eve s Thehier ewa s hed edt i r as s he iy hare r ae t he i he el nt nt. r at s c ul o nc e e e r yea oft cha tr ve y r he re . 62, , frtcl sb gu rntei obti d fom Qu li t orgi c re parya r men, 500000 is- as ank aa e t ane r ai n he i nal ha tr t gee t bu Qualsilo dJ welmoemo yt nJ we rc rdund rt ba g rnt .Qualo d t i tl we e r ne ha e l e ovee e he nk uaa ee i we J l a Pe r Ow n r a he Clppe Gr ewe , nd a l e , not r i r oup s phi owni e iy ne l 61500 000 f c e ng ntt , ary , , or r w r raton cos s epati i t. I A NA LYSI I. S d. Sum m ar Judgm entSt y andard , oprit d t eadi , tons w s o S mmay j d me t i appr a e w hen d he pl ngs deposii , ans er t u r ug n s i t roga ore ,a ad is ons on fl t t r w ih t a da t ,i a s w t t t r i no n e r t i s nd m s i ie, oge he t he m vis f ny, ho ha he e s ge neisea t a maeilfc a t tt movi pa t i e tte t aj gme a amatrof nui su s o ny tra a t nd ha he ng ry s nild o ud nt s te lw. And ron v fi ry Lobb I . 477 U. 242,247 (986 . On t movi pat a ' e s . bet ' y, nc, S. 1 ) ce he ng ry dem ons r es t absence of a genui i ue of m at i f , t non- ovi part m us ' e tat he ne ss eral act he m ng y td com f wa d w ih ç pe fc f c s s or r t s cii a t howi t tt r i a ge ne is f t i l'' M at u hia El c. ndu . ng ha he e s nui s ue or r a .' ss t e I s Co.v Ze t Radi Cor ,475U. 57 587( 98 ( otngFe R.Ci P.5 e) Th Cou t t . nih o p. S. 4, 1 6) qu i d. v. 6(). e r mus vi w t r c d a a lf c uali e e es t r f o i t lgh m os f vor bl t t e n m o ng e he e or nd l a t nf r nc he e r m n he i t t a a e o h on- vi pa t a d de de w h t erdt e evi en e pr s nt a s fc e dia e m e t r quie s bm i son t a ry n ci eh ih t d c e e s uf i i nt s gr e nt o e r u s i o j r o whehe i i s on sde t tonepat mus prvala a matroflw.' Ale v T o uy r t r t s o e-i d ha ry t e i s te a ' ln . ys n ' Food ,nc,1 F. 642,6 ( 1hCi.1 ( igAn ron, U. a 2515 s l . 21 3d 46 1 t r 997) quotn de s 477 S. t -2:. #. Moto forSummayJud nt lns r gme Thou Pl i ifha c e d t tt er we e no wrte a e m e s b we n i a J welo gh a ntf s onc de ha h e r it n gr e nt et e t nd e r I Pl ntf nonet ess aleges i Count I of is com pl nt t t e def SP, ai if hel l n t ai hat hes endant br s eached a contact I t s vei Pl ntf m akes a pr ousl unpl alegaton i is opposton and cr s r . n hi n, ai if evi y ed l i n t ii os moin f s mmar j dgme ( 50q t t Dee nt b e c d a i id-nfc c ta t to or u y u nt DE ha fnda s r a he n mple i-a t onrc. Pl nifalo ale sa cou sae a u j s e rc n i Cours1 a 11oft Compl n aitf s lge c nt ttd nd n ut n ihme t n t 1 nd l he ait 6 r pectvel Pl ntf s atem pt t s es i y. ai if t o hoehor t f s of t s case i o t e l n he act hi nt hes egal t i i heores s unavaii The r d evi lng. ecor dence doesnots uppor any ofPl ntf' t i t ai ifs heores. Dee d nsse s mmayj d me to a1c u t. On teb e c o c nrc a d a c u t fn a t e k u r u g n n l o ns h ra h f o ta t n c o n sat cl m s D ef t ed ai , endant ar t never contact w ih Pl ntf, ar not oblgat t pay f s gue hey r ed t ai if e i ed o or Quai' dea t a a c di y,s d be ga e s ls ful, nd c or ngl houl rntd ummay j r udgme on b h cli . On t nt ot ams he unus e ih ntcam, fnd t ar t tt ywer no be ftd b Sa a sd ier off l j t nrc me li Dee ans gue ha he e t neie y ga n' elv y ue t Quala t tSa a speronna eofisage me wihQualwa i tra t t m be a e o i nd ha ga n' f nc t re nt t i s mmaeil o he c us Def endant w er pai r dl ofw het t Gem i wasf ed and m ovi ornot s e d egar ess her he ni uel ng . Def endant have s fci l dem ons r ed t abs s ufi enty t at he ence of a genui i ue of m at alf , ne ss eri act and ast non- ovi pary Pl ntf m us s he m ng t ai if t how s fc f st r r r ol i by ti . Thi i pecii act hat equie es uton ral ss a t lor gi t t onl t tm oni evi al der ven hat he y es i al dence fl i t cas t f i t depostons of ied n he e hus ar s he ii t ee l empl hr SP oyees. That evi dence, t aken wih t docum ent y evi t he ar dence r at t t el ed o he tans i ,and t charerpary agr ent cl l es abls t t stansacton occured i t r actons he t - t eem , eary t ihes hat hi r i r n he nor alcour e of t bunkerng of a shi on chart and t Def m s he i p er hat endant w er not pari t t s e tes o he bunker tansac i r ton. Ther ar no diput f ual i ues whi m us be r ol e e s ed act ss ch t es ved at t i . ral Accor ngl Def di y, endant pr lon bot count asa m aterofI . s evai h s t aw However Pl ntf does s i t t t e ar no diput m at al i ues of f as t , ai if ubm t ha her e s ed eri ss act o Defnda t'unus e rc men a ise ns . ( 50, 3) l arue t tDee nsweeunusl e ns j t n ih t tt xpe e DE p. . t g s ha fnda t r j ty e ihe b a e Quai us d t f lb r Sa a dei r d t s lt r e cuie i Aug ta nrc d ec us l e he ue unke s g an lve e o ai h e r s s n us nd Sept ber201l and i t tm e m ade 61, 000 i back charerhie paym ent t Jewel Pl ntf em , n hat i 400, n t r so . ai if cos- sfrs mmayj gme on t scai By cos- vi frs mmayj gme ,t r smove o u r ud nt hi l m. r smo ng o u r ud nt he pari agr t t e i no i ue ofm at i f and t tt sol i ues ar ques i ofl f t tes ee hat her s ss eral act ha he e ss e tons aw or he Co tsdeenniai Th Cour fndste dee nt we eno unusl e i e an alo ga s ur' t n ton. e t i h fnda s r t j ty nrch d d s rnt s ummayj dgme tf deend nt onCl m 11 r u n or f a s ai 1. C. Sub t ieLaw o mial santv fAd r t y Pl ntf cl m ssound i adm ialy. Fort s t i l t be appled i an adm ialy ai ips ai n rt he ubsantve aw o i n rt c s c t frtl kt sauoylw a t nt S dii l ce tdmaii prncpas' Coa t ae, ours is oo o tttr a nd he o ju caly rae rtme i i l. ' sal Fu sMa k tn I c v Fl i Ex Shi n Co.I .207F.d 1 1 ( 1hCi.20 .I el r eig, n . . orda p. ppig ,nc, 3 247, 251 1 t r 00) n t ea sn eo sauo ylw a dfd r lu iil c e tdmaii p icp l, e ea c u t ma h b e c f tttr a n e ea j dcal rae rtme rn ias fd rl o rs y y t n t sat l t r ol m artm e contactdiput See Ham M ari l v.D r er l t es ur o t e aw o es ve ii r s es. ne, nc. ess ndusri , di y e oprat he t i ori aw.0 I .72F.d45 (t Ci.1 ) A ccor ngl , wher appr i e,t Cour applesFl da l 1 nc 3 4 5h r 995. D. Br c o ea h fconta t rc 1 Defndan r pondst Pli ifsa gumen son brac ofc r tt tFlrdal i i pplc ebe us t 0 e t es o antf' r t e h ontac ha o i aw s na iabl ca e he c rctwasnoten eedi o i Fl i Rahe ,De e onta t r nt n orda. t r f ndantciesClus 1 ofSa n' Ge r lTe msa t a e 9 gaa s ne a r nd Co dt n whc siuae En ls lw wi b a pl da dta En ls Co rsh v jrs ito .Dee d n cams n ii s ih tp lts gih a l e p i n h t gih ut a e uidcin fn at li o l e En ih 1 doesnotr cog zei id-n-ac conta s Dee nt havepr de t Cour wih ac ofa gls aw e ni mple i f t rct. fnda s ovi d he t t opy Qu e ' Be c Diii Ad rl Co r c s ,ildT eY t Bo a o s a ,(9 7 2Lly sRe 3 7 wh r e ns n h vson miat u t ae tt h ua nd r v kya 1 9 1 o d' p. 5 , ee y e a Engls Cour r f edt hol a ownerla ef ac re e ' deful o pa n ih t e us o d n ibl or ha tr rs a t n yment t a s pple . Howe r s o u ir ve , Panifi n tse igt bidDee d nst tec nrc b t e S g a a dQu i.Rah risag me tsta a litf s o e kn o n fn a t o h o tat ewe n a a n n al te,t r u n i h t s r t c r ts dbei er d fom De e tsc epa ae ontac houl nf re r f ndan ' onduc i t bu rta aci Ac di y,hechoieof t n he nke rns ton. cor ngl t c lw p o iini S g a a dQu i' c nrc i n t p l a et oh rc oc o lw matr i tec s . a r vso n a an n als o tat s o a pi bl o te h ie fa tes n h ae c TheCour not t tnet rparybreed,ore n a esed,hec c oflw is ,whih i s p ii gi n t es ha ihe t if ve ddr s t hoie a s ue c s ur rsng ve t i enatonalnaur oft diput. Thebu r we edelve e i Rus i by abunke -upple i or aedi he ntr i t e he s e nke s r i r d n sa rs ir nc port n t Brts Vigi l l ,onac ntofac re e bas i Spai fraM ats ta he iih r n sands cou ha tr r ed n n, o le e l gged ve s l ownedby a s e, Ba i en iy,a m a d b a Am e ia c ham an tt nd nage y n rc n ompanyt topert fom M im i Fl i l a adm iat ha aes r a , orda. n n r ly c r c sc et c ceofl a ysst nsonw hi ts r i e iy hast mos sgnii ntr atons p w ih onta t as he hoi aw nal i ur ch çove egn ntt he t i fca el i hi t teta a to a is e' Drs e e Ba kAG v M/ Olmpi V ya r 4 6F.d 1 7 ,1 8 ( 1hCi. 98 ) h rnscin t su . e d n r n ' . V y a o ge, 4 3 3 7 3 2 1 t r 1 9. Asd fo Dee d ns o j cindsu sda v , ohp riswo l s e t b i a re n ta Flrd 1w ie r m fn a t' be to ic se bo e b t a t ud e m o e n g e me th t o ia a e a pis Bohp rish v ctdife u nl tru h t h i bif.Se Walc v NCL ( h ma)L/.8 p le. t at a e i t rq e t ho g ou t er res e la e . e e y Ba a s #, 9l F.u pz 1 4 ,1 51(od n, .(e l n t s as neu d ra ec oc o lw a l i u d rs me s p .d 3 3 3 J ra J) d ci g o u po t n e tk h ie f a nayss n e a ni cru tn e) ic msa c s. Thepa te c ryboh t bur n ofr sngt is t tf ei lw ma a y i a a ton,a t bur of ris a r t he de aii he s ue ha or gn a y ppl n n c i nd he den ade t y pr ng f ei lw t ena et c tt a y i i apariulrca e. e Whil Fi Cor v quael ovi or gn a o bl he our o ppl t n tc a s Se rpool n. p. . Se a x 9 F.d21 , 21(t Ci.g 6 todn ta p rywav dc nlcso lw is eb c u eifi dt fl l v u, 6 3 6 2 7h rl g lh lig h t at ie o tit f a su e a s t al o ut l e i isoblgai unde Fe R.Ci P.44. topr det dititc twih Sea ona enotc ofhi i en i t r s t i ton r d v. 1 i ovi he src our t r s bl ie' s nt ton o aie t a is eo fr inlw.) Re ttme t( c n )Co fito La j 1 6c . ( 9 )C( h p rywh camsta n su f oeg a '; sae n Se o d n l f ws 3 mt f 1 71 $T)e at o li h t ' c t f egnlw i difr fom t l allw oft f u ha t blr n ofe tbls ngt co en oft f ei he or i a s feent r he oc a he or m s he zde sa ihi he nt t he or gn lw.)Wh r p risfit stsyete b r e tec u t lodn rl a pl tefrm' lw. eWatrv a '. ee at alo aif i r u d n h o r wil riai p y h ou s a Se le . ' e h y Neh ra d Me M,51 F.d l 3 ,1 3 n. 4(dCi.9 ) s eas Ba c d Cr dt I u. . e o ei te ln s adN. 4 2 1 0 1 7 1 3 r1 75; e lo n o e e io nd s v T s r ra Ge ea, 9 F.d8 7 8 7(t Ci.9 3Cç e tep rish v fi dt c n lsv l etbl hf eg lw, n r l9 0 2 2 , 3 5h r1 9 ) Wh n h at a e al o o cu iey sa i orin a a e e s c uti ette t lo t i o f rm'lw i o d rt fla yg p .) Co riln .Co o wa k NJ v o r s ni d o o k o t wn ou s a n r e o il n a s'; mme ca ls .fNe r, . l s ' Pa 6cpeuCo sr Cop.5 8F.d9 , 2(t Ci.9 7 (p yn frm lw wh r p risfie t rieis e c - r n t. r , 5 2 48 95 9h rl 7 ) a plig o u a ee ate ald o as su o frinlw'a pl a ii l Rettme t(e o d Co fito La j1 6c . (9 1 Cû leeete n f o eg a s p i bly ; sae n S c n ) n l f ws 3 mth 1 7 ) l h r i r o c t c W h i onnai orelei ufk inti or i ha bee obt nedabou t f egn l t f u wilus ly decde nf ton, s ns t e nf maton, s n ai t he or i aw, he or m l ual i t c ei a or nc wih isownl e ptwhe t do s woul no me tt ne oft c eo woul notbe he as n cc da e t t aw, xce no o d t e he eds he as r d i teitrsso j tc .) n h nee t fusie' . ' 8 Pli ifc ce est r wasno wrte c nta tb we n Sag nan Defnda sJ wel nd antf on d he e i n o rc et e t aa d e nt e a I Rat ,Pl ntf guesf t frs tm e i isopposii and cr m oton f s m SP. her ai ifar or he i t i n t ton oss i or um ar y j d me t( 5 Jta a i l d i-a t o ta t biae J we a d1 Pt p yS g a fr h u g n DE 0 h t n mpi -n fc c nrc o l ts e l n S o a a a n o t e e g bunke s l ple i f ctc tac sa e t e %f ded u n a m e tn oft m i whi alhough r . m i d-n-a on r t r hos koun po e i g he nds ch, t , notembodi i an expr scontact i i ered, s a f ctfom c ed n es r , s nf r a a r onduc oft pa tess t he r i howi , i t ng n he lgh oft s r i t he uroundi cic s a e , t i t ci un r t ndi ' Bali e t Ohi R.R.v.Unied ng r um t nc s he r a t de s a ng. tmor f o ' t St e,261U. 5 (923 . ats S. 92 1 ) Pl nf ca n t n i Co an i i Repo s ait n o Ame d t mplitn t s n e s s Pr e a i a l f rPl i if i c nno r s t si ple i - f tc t a tt or f t e fr t obl m tc ly o a ntf , t a t aie hi m i d-n ac on r c he y or h is t a tes mmayj d me tsa e Gi u v Gae, Do ada dCo 382 F. l312,13l5 i t h u r u g n tg . l r . ts Mc n l n ., me mo 3d ( lhCi. 04) Thec antdoe no algeabra hofa i id-n-a tc rc nordoe i 1 t r 20 . ompli s t le ec n mple i fc onta t st pr de t f c ua ba i f rwhy s c a c t a ts oul be i i d. D ef ovi he a t l s s o u h on r c h d mple endant ar notr r t s e equied o i eral pos bl cl m st coul ars undert f soft com pl nt f Pl i ipsale ton nf l si e ai hat d ie he act he ai . #. a ntf l ga i i lm ied t whati pl w ihi t f cor soft com pl ntunl s ot si t o t ed t n he our ner he ai es herwie am ended pur s suant t Fe r lRul ofCi lPr c e l . l iscom pl ntPl ntf ed onl br o de a e vi oc dur 5 n t ai ai ifpl y each ofcontact not r , br each ofi pled-n- actcont act Pl n ifnow c e sno wrte co r c e s s A ccor ngl m i i f r . ai tf onc de it n nta t xit . di y, t Cour fndst ts he ti ha ummayj dgme a t Cl m li warne . r u nt s o ai s ra td i i . NoCo ta tc nb I id i- c Be a s o h Pr -xsig TmeCh re nr c a e mpl -nFa t c u e fte ee itn i e a tr I Pl i if sbr a h ofi i d-n-a tc r c cl i a S m e d'by is o f a ntf' e c mple i f c onta t a m s s nde ' t pposton p a ii a s per wer per it i woul f l even when t e m ted, t d ai, aken i t lghtm os f abl t Pl ntf An i pledn he i t avor e o ai if m i i f contacti a tue contactand r r al neces ar el ent ofa bi n n-act r s r r equies l s y em s ndi g agr ent eem , i udi m ut ass . WI ITON ON CONT ncl ng ual ent LLS RACTSj15(t e 1 0) Hee muualasntt : 4h d. 99 . r, t se o contactbet een Sagaan and J r w ewelcannotbe i er ed becaus Jewel and 1 asJewels m anager nf r e SP ' , , conduct t s vesonl i accor w ih t roblgatonsundert charerpary agr em entand not ed hem el yn d t hei i i he t t e accor ng t a t tdealeiherhad w ih Sa di o aci t t gaan. 9 Thetm e chareri r i pr i i t m arne tans ti ty. i-'e gener s m e of i t s outne actce n he i r por ndusr d h f al che atm e chareri t t ownert nsovtra f l equi i t s hat he ur uly pped shi t t charer and oper est s p p o he t er at he hi f t charer ' beneft bei compensat by m ont y hi ..The ownerpayst or nar or he t er s i, ng ed hl re. he di y r ng expens asar s aly i dentt t t ade i whi heem pl her. I gener t m s on unni es e peci l nci o he r n ch oys n al er , m os tm e c re s t owne spa t e cr w swage a s y t rf pa f re ne r om t i ha t r , he r yh e s nd uppl hei ood, y o ngi o sors ke ptevesele r a p yfri uan , mo te r higes alsu te t e, e h s rpaied nd a o nsr ce al s veyt n lef l pon h ch trr' Mar a Ucn, A.v S Gaii 7 F. 994(s Ci.1 )(mpha i orgi l aree . ' cil i S. . S lca, 23 2d 1t r 983 e ss i na) (ntr lctto a quoai omitd) i ena iains nd ttons te . As an i ty pari pant Sagaan w asundoubt y awar t neiherJewelnorl w er ndus r tci , edl e hat t SP e oblga ed t pay f t Gem i ' f w hie s w asunderchart ,pr ded ofcour e t Sagaan i t o or he nis uel l he er ovi s hat kne t Ge niwasun rc re whe i s dQu l hebu r .1 Butwh t rSa a kne t W he mi de ha tr n t ol ait nke sl e he ga n w he Gem i w asunderchareri notcrtcalbecaus ascont actf m aton r r m ut as ent Jewel ni t s ii e, r or i equies ual s , and I Snon- entt t contacti is fdi ii N eiherJew elnorl had an oblgaton t SP' ass o he r s t el spostve. t SP i i o pa f t G e i ' f la Pl i ifdo no i n iy an e de e whih s y or he m nis ue nd a ntf es t de tf y vi nc c ugge t t ti s t o s s ha n pie f t snon- i i Jewelorl as ed t underaki t soblgaton.z hi oblgaton, SP sent o t ng hi i i l E. A ccountSt ed at To pr lunder an accounts at t y,Pl ntf m us pr t t def evai t ed heor ai if t ove hat he endantexpr sl es y or i ple y a e d t t a a ou ow e was c r c a d,t t t de e n pr m ie t pa t m i dl gr e ha n m nt d or e t n ha he f nda t o s d o y he baa c Me rl- e n Dr'Doc Co v.Cor c Ex 400 So. 1 6 ( a.3d DCA 1 ) ln e. rilstve s y k nihe p. 2d 28 Fl 981. 1 Sa n' bun rc im ai documentis l s ciialy r e e st 1 gaa s ke onfr ton tef pe fc l efr nce ç ownes'asditnc fom ç ha e e s' r' si t r f rtr r' orç a r . ç nage s' M ' ' Pl ntf poit t t ChifEngi e ' r ei r stoni t bunker a i c ie oft defndan s i e 2 ai if n s o he e ne rs ol n equiii ng he s s ndiatv he e t ' ntnt t beboundt af c r tw ih Saga Thi Chi Engi r co o o uel ontac t an. s ef nee s nduc i t srgad i i c tveonl oft t n hi e r s ndia i y he owne ' oblgain t opeat t veselonbe foft c re e .Pl ntf as ct t bunkerc i ton' rs i to o r e he s hal he ha tr r ai if lo ies he onfnnai s no i t tt f wa s i on a ountofçM a tra orOwne sand/ Cha tr a orO peat sa / tng ha he uel s uppled cc é se nd/ r or re s nd/ r or ndor M a gi A ge sa / HA PPY CRU I na ng nt ndor SES,S. . nam ac/ HAPPY CRU I , S. . adrd'ase de et A Pa o SES A M i ' vi nc hat t defndant it d t bebound. ei no e de t tt confr ton wa ev s ntt et rde e nt he e s nende o Ther s vi nce ha he ima i s er e o ihe f nda a t r f e t c i ton i no pr i oft de e nd he eor , he onfnnai s t obatve he f ndant i e . s' ntnt 1 0 Pl i if s a c t sa e c ai f is f t s m e r as a a ntf ' c oun t t d l m a l or he a e on bove J wela d 1 ha n oblga i t e n SP d o i ton o , pa f f lunde t Cha t rPa t A gr e e . y or ue r he re ry e m nt An a co sa e m u tbeba e o prorde i s r uli g i a s bs s i de t Ni aysen c unt t t d s s d n i alng es tn n u itng b . col v.Fl o,204 So. 547, 5 ( a. hDCA l ) s aloNansv F. LC.864 F. at 2d 49 Fl 4t 967 ;ee s t . D. supp 1211,1 220 , ( D.Fl 1 4)(x anigapl nifmus s w a t tmeofsai teac oun t r ha b e S. a. 99 e pli n aitf t ho t he i ttng h c thee d e n pr vi d aln a t a a tonsw ih t de e nt) He e t a c tsa e wa not s d on e ous e i gs nd r ns c i t he f nda . r,he c oun ttd s bae p i de lngsbe wee Pl i ifa J wel Pl i tf nd I , bu bewe n Pl n ifa d Qua l The ror a i t n a ntf nd e or a n ifa SP t t e aitf n i. c re pa t a e m e s ua el pl c t bu d n a cos ofo de i bu r f rt e G em i on ha tr ry gr e nt q r y a ed he r e nd t r rng nke s o h ni Qual Plitf ve d lwihJ welo 1 u iatrt bu r weed ierdt tes p, and i. anifne r eat t e r SP ntl fe he nkes r elv e o h hi e n t n, he e de lngsw e e Im ied t t Chi fEn ne rr c vi t m on boa d. U nders ve he t s a i r i t o he e gi e e ei ng he r uch cicum s ances accountsat i nota cogni e cl m . r t , t ed s zabl ai F. Un s Enrc nt ju t ihme Pl i ifa gue ,i t ale n tve t t fnda t wer u j tye rc dbyPl ni s a ntf r s n he t r a i , ha Dee ns e nusl n ihe aitT de i r oft e b er . Spe ii aly, Pli ifcl mst tbe a eQualwa a et ope aet lve y h unk s c fc l antf ai ha c us i s bl o r t he Ge i l e t n i ot r s woul ha be n abl t , a d,i t ttm e Qu lpad c are hiet m ni ong r ha t he wie d ve e e o n n ha i , ai i h tr r o Jwe,Jwe a l Pweeunusl e ihe Pli ifc l siwoul bei qui et al e l e l nd S r j ty nrc d. antf oncude t d ne lbl o low Dee an t rt nt be ftoft epa nt i lgh ofQualsno pa nt ForPl ntf t fnd t o eai he nei hos yme s n i t i' n- yme ai if o . prvalun ra u j teni men t or imus prveic erdabe ftont dee n e i de n nus rch the y t t o t onfre nei he fnda t . PeplsNatl ko o e 'Ban fcomme c v Fis Uni Nat Banko a., 66 So. 8 8 ( a 3dDCA r e . rt on ' l fFl 7 2d 76, 79 Fl. 1 ) Thebe ftmus ha be ndie tyc erd f fPl ntf can s w i diecty beneft d 996 . nei t ve e rcl onfre J.l ai if ho t r l ie . De e n s i m us t e s f nda t , t t h n how t tDe en nt kn w a outt be ft vol arl accept and ha f da s e b he ne i, unt iy td r ai t conf r beneft a t a i woul be i quiabl f De e nt t r t n t e be ft et ned he ered i, nd h t t d ne t e or f nda s o e ai h ne i . Comme c al 'hi 80 L/f # 'hi v Equiy Contactng Co., I . 695 So. 38 388( a. t r i P s p 98 t s p . t r i nc, 2d 3, Fl 4h DCA 1 97) 9 . 11 Th p rish v co smo e f rsmmayj d me to Plitf' u j s e rc me t li e at a e r s- v d o u r u g n n an i s nu t n ih n cam e f . Def endant pr lf t r ons Fis , ai tf di no die l c e a be fton De e a s s evai or wo eas . r t Pl n if d t r cty onf r ne i f nd nt . S c n , fn a t ween tsnu tye rc e '-tec atrhr p y nsDee d nsrc ie e o d Dee d ns r o i j sl nih d' h h re ie a me t fn a t e ev d u w er f good consi aton and wer par ofa s at , pr - xitngba ganwihQuai Un rt e or der i e t epar e e e si r i t l de he . c r um sa es i i noti quia e f rD e en nt t r t i t m . ic t nc , t s ne t bl o f da s o e a n he Plit h sn t h wniDie t Co f re aBe e o De n a t an# a o S o t r cl ne rd nft n # d ns y Sa a a lgest tisd i r off ena e Qualt ma ba kcha trhiepa m e t of ga n le ha t elvey uel bld i o ke c re r y n s 62, 85, be wee A u t l a Se e be l , 20ll 1 Pl ntf cl m st tb d i rng f lt 1 000 t n gus 9 nd pt m r 6 .3 ai if ai ha y elve i ue o Qu lQualwasa et s t ntrea to cr ssi Au ta Se emb r and becaus t ai, i bl o usai he ddiinal uie n gus nd pt e , e hey wer abl t contnue oper tng, Qu l a et ma b kp yme s ( 6 . aitf doe no e eo i ai aiwas bl o ke ac a nt. DE 21 Pl nif s t diectt Courtt any aut iy, n ha t Cour l a e s h a t iy t a sa f t e r he o hort or s he t oc t d uc u hort h t t nds or h , pr poston t ta m a i s i ri en il t digor e ch r e pa e sm a t a owne b o ii ha rne upple s tted o s g a t r ym nt de o n r ya c re e be au et c t r rdi no pa t s pple f ne s a i ss ppled t t s p. ha t r r c s he hare e d t y he u i r or ce s re u i o he hi On isf ce t e a gum e i a t nua e , es aly snce Pl ntf m us s t a ,h r nt s te t d peci l i ai if t how i pr ded t ovi De e n sa die tbe ft Her t m eans Sagaan w oul have t s f nda t r c ne i. e, hat d o how a causalconnec i ton be w e n t e t r e c ui e isf ale dl e abl d, t er ve sg ne a e t r fom an a t e h h e r s s t uel l ge y n e h e nue e r t d he e r d ny , pa me sQualma t I a J we .M or s cfc l Sa a woul h et pr et a t f l y nt i de o SP nd e l e pe iialy, ga n d av o ov h t he ue t tiprvi duli tl wasusdb Qu lt ge ert rven a t ti t felwa us dt ha t o de tmaey e y ai o n ae e ue nd ha f he u s e o ge rt rv ue t tmon y(sop e t mo yfo an he s c )waswha waspadt neae e en ,ha e a posd o ne rm ot r oure t i o J w e a I Pl ntf ha notm a t s s w i . l leu ofconnectng t bunker s i by e l nd SP. ai if s de hi ho ng n i i he s uppled Pli itt t c us c cedb Qu lt t mon yQuaima ha mad ont s cr s s t antfl o he r ies ondu t y ai,o he e l y ve e hee uie, o t cont he empor aneousy m adepaym ent ofback charerhie t D ef l s t r o endant , Pl ntf si pl poi st s ai if m y nt o a l dge s ow i g t tbe wee A u t 1 a Se e be l , Qu i pai 62, 8 00 i b kc re e r h n ha t n gus 9 nd pt m r 6 a l d 1 5, 0 n ac ha tr 1 Pl ntf a kno edge t tnotaloft smon 3 ai if c wl s ha l hi e wasowedt J wel Pli ifpoi sou t tatlas 614 y o e . antf nt t ha e t . m ilonc li oudb asg e t p s d ep y nso t eGe n wi t rs ben o db Qu ifri u eo te l e sin d o at u a me t n h mii t he et ig we y alo t s f h h s M/ Per.( 6 , 4 1.l. V al DE 2 p. , J 1 2 hiet Jewel Pl ntf ar r o . ai if guest t e pa ent ,coupl w ih t f t Jewelr hat hes ym s ed t he act hat enegotat a i ed pa me s t eba e onQualspomii upc mi cuies s s tntat ttu j t y nt ch dul s d i' r sng o ng r s eaon ubsa its h nus e ihme tcli a usiisafn ngo s mmar udgme tfrPli ifTh fctrmans nrc n am ndj tfe idi f u yj n o antf e a e i , howe r Pl ntf ha notc r id isbu de ofs i g i die ty b ne ie t D e e n s Even i ve , ai if s a re t r n how n t r c l e ft d he f nda t . f a marn s pple c n di g g ch r e hie pa e sm a t a owne by a c re e t tde a t d i e u ir a s or e a t r r ym nt de o n r ha t r r ha f ule on paym entf m arne necess i ,t s Pl ntf cerai y hasnotl d t neces ar f ualpr cat or i ares hi ai if t nl ai he s y act edi e f r c r unde s h a t eor .1 Ther f e t e Cour m us de Pl i tf' m o i f s mar or e ove y r uc h y 4 t t ny a n if s ton or um y e or , h j me . udg nt Je l u n 'Un usl 'Enrch we wt ot ' j t ' i ed y ûW hen a def d endanthas gi a ven dequat consdtr i t s eone f t bene i conf r , a e i aton o om or he ft ered cam o u j s e r h n fi . Ame .s7c. I s z nw,I c v Grg s 9 9 S .d 3 2 3 13 li f nu t ni me t al ' r ' / n .s . n . . ig , 5 o2 2 , 3 - 2 c s' t p / c ' ( a 5h DCA,200 ;s e as Ge B. ik Co. I .v Suns neRe d Conc eeCo.I . 651 Fl. t 7) e lo ne Glc , nc . hi ay r t , nc, So. 1 ( a. t DCA 1 95)( ci ngunus e i men ase tbl i naur a nota ia e 2d 90 Fl 4h 9 desrbi j t nrch t quia e n t e nd valbl wheepa men ha be ma f t be ftc nfre . Acc r ngl Pl nifscli ofu j t r y t s en de or he nei o erd) odi y, aitf am nus e rc me f isbe a et pa mt sQualma t J we i Aug ta Se e ro 2011we e n ih nt al c us he y nt i de o e l n us nd ptmbe f r notunusl orunusiibl ati d. Rahe,t yweet b nei ofabaganbewe nJ wela j ty j tfa y tane t r he r he e ft r i t e e nd Qualt twa s port bymut co ierto i ha s up td ual nsd ain. Qu lpad Jwe purua t a stlme a e me ta pr d td t c ta tbewe ai i e l s nt o ete nt gre nt h t e-ae he onrc t en Qua la Sa a b o r t mon hs Qualwa i a r a s o is Cha tr hie pa nt snc i nd ga n y ve wo t. i s n re r n t re r yme s i e Febr y of2011.5 I M ay 20l1, J wel v not t Qual h ti i e dt wi a t Ge ni uar 1 n e ga e i o ita tntnde o t w he mi ce hdr fom Quai' c re i Qualdi no ma eba kc re pa nswihi tveda oft noie.On r ls ha tr f i d t k c hatr yme t t n s ys he tc June 3,2011,t partes r he i eached a setem entand negotat a paym ent s tl i ed chedul f t arear i e or he r s n 1 TheCour doe notr c algalc uson a t whehe as irc digor anowne ' cha t hiepa e 4 t s ea h e oncl i s o t r upple an s ge rs rer r ym nt ahe t c reerdeaulson ispaym e st t s ir The Cour notst i s cicu sa sa ialy r he ha tr f t t nt o he upple . t e hat n uch r m tnce dm r t pr desar ovi emedyt t s iri t f m ofisobt ni amartme le a ns t ve s a ar si i o he upple n he or t ai ng ii in gai t he s el nd re tng t 1 l i unclarfom t r cor t exa ta ountoft a r r geon J 3 5 t s e r he e d he c m he rea a une , 2 l b t n J n 3 , 0l Qu i o d 0l u o u e 0 2 1 al. we J l62, 496. ewe 663, 83. 1 3 Quals c re hie pa nt. Atte tme t s tlme t was ne itd, J w el coul have i' hatr r yme s h i he ete n gotae e d t nni t d t c a t r a r t ke pos es i n of t Ge i f no -payment of charer hie f e na e he h r e nd e a n s so he m ni or n t r ees pur suantt Cl e 6 of t CharerPary Agreem ent J l howe r c tnu t pr d Qual o aus he t t . ewe, ve, oni ed o ovie i t us oft Ge nis Qualcoul r isbusnes. l e ha e, J w elr ceied s heduld he e he mi o i d un t i s n xc ng e e v c e t pt e . 6 Pa m e t ofa cr e a r r ,i u ng t pa e s i Augus and Se em b r l Cons que l , t y n s c u d rea s ncl di he ym nt n e nty he pa nt Qu ldi ma t J we we eneihe a grt t nora wi a l t y we em a e puru t yme s ai d ke o e l r t r a uiy, ndf l; he r d s an t a i pe e , pr vi us y e s i c r c ual oblg ton. N onet ess Pl ntf l o n nde nd nt e o l xi tng onta t iai hel , ai if ooks t o Def endant f r tt i . But De e an s h e alea y gi en s e hi g o va ue t r c ve t s or esiuton f nd t av r d v om t n f l o e ei he be ftta Pl nifcli i unusi d,na l te c tnue us oft Ge n by Qual nel h t aitf ams s j tfe mey, h oni d e he mii i t oughoutt s m er of2011. Resi tonby Def da si no j tfe a dthe lw ofqu i hr he um tt i u en nt s t usiid s d l a l ascontact does notr r an owner t pa t ce.' Commer al P 'hi 8098 Lt . r equie o y wi ' ci s p d P 'hl v.Equi sp t y Cont actng Co. I . 695 So. 383,38 ( a 4h DCA 1 . Ac or ngl t e Cour fnds r i , nc, 2d 8 Fl. t 997) c di y, h ti s mmayj dgme tfrDee nt ast Co t11 u r u n o fnda s o un 1. Pl n ifalo ale st tDef nda s ha e un e n h ds i t tç e e a 1 c tnu t ai tf s l ge ha e nt v cl a an n ha ç w l nd SP on i ed o l s fe Quait e oyt Ge nian t atveyco e fom pr desofg ufr lo mpl he mi d o ci l nc al r ovi r oodsa sr ie t t nd e vc s ha s ha be om e fna i ly uns a o t y b a ope a orwho w a c r ng o a d h s rng o r ton' he d c i nc a l e w rh y n r t s aryi n s oe ti pe a i b ies. ( 50,p.l . Pli ifs ge t t tDee ns mafaan s ul no berwade usn s' DE ' 6J antf ug ss ha fnda t' le s ce ho d t e r d a s e t t t Cou te r i e is e t bl po e i ad ialy a di g ge t va ue of t e nd e ks ha he r xe c s t quia e w r n m r t nd s or he l h b r. Se Gz#- lT a ng Co v Crol Supl,596F2d 51 520 ( Ci.1 ) Fort unkes e f Oi r di .. e e p y 5, 2d r 979 . he . rasnsdicu sda e,Plitf' unus e ih n cl m fisa amatroflw But Pl ntf's e o s se bov anifs j t nrc me t ai al s te a , ai if . ar ent he t Def gum re, hat endant have uncl hands and s d be srpped of beneft pai i s ean houl ti is d s , uns uppo t i f c a lw a i f l on i p nde gr nds red n a t nd a nd t ais nde e nt ou . 1Th stlme t ge me t ewe nQu ia Jwe as e tn e t a oh ro e e iy,Pea lOwne 6 e et n a re n b t t al nd e l lo x e d d o n te wn r ntt e r r Qual wa t h v p i J s o a e ad i e l n Per,onl, 98 ,0 Thsp y n wa t ha eb e ma ei isal nsp y be we a d alj ity 6 ,250 0. i a me t s o v e n d n n tlme t a a l ev yFrda bewee J ne3, land Se e r30, 2 l .Qu i utmaey fie t ma e6 , 1 ,0 i er i y t n u 20l ptmbe 0 l al l tl, ald o k 20 20 0 n , i . pa nt,hough i i uncl rfom t r or how muchoft twasas rba et t dek inc s tyast J ls yme s t t s ea r he ec d ha ci bl o he t e y oll o ewe ' ac unt co . 1 4 Sa a a gue t tb r e itng t pa e t nns oft c re i J ne J wela 1 ga n r s ha y en gota i he ym nt e he ha t r n u , e nd SP al d Qua l omai ai abusn st a wa i ol nta t a woul vii fna a h r onot r lowe i t nt n ies h t s ns ve nd h t d st i ncil a m he s . Therc d, ve,i c t t Deen nt di no kn a yt nga tQuai' de igswih is e or howe r ndiaes he f da s d t ow n hi bou ls aln t t s i s. I wasnotuntlSept ber28, 20l1 w hen Ser Lunev e- aied Capt n I i t fr t uppler t i em , gay m l ai ngls he is bunk ivoie t tteDee nswo dha ha ra o t k ta Qualh o sa n de t er n c ,ha h fnda t ul ve d e s n o now h t i ad uttndig bs w ih iss i s. t t uppler Eve i Def da swe ea r t tQuai owe iss pple smo y, Pl ntf hasnotpoi ed n f en nt r wa e ha l d t u ir ne ai if nt t a au h iy t t m a s De e an s labl f r ne ta i is a e m e i lg t of s c o ny t ort ha ke f nd t i e or e go i tng t gr e nt n i h uh kno l dg N or ha Pl i if diec e t Cour t a hort t i pos a afs m a i d y o a w e e. s a ntf r t d he t o ut iy hat m es n tr tve ut n s p ownerm anager t pr hi / o event a charer f om canyi on a çshoesrng oper i ' busness. t er r ng ç ti aton' i Pl i ifcie t c s i vol ng fna i s a t ne s butt e cas concer t t tlabiiy of a ntf t s o a es n vi i nc al e worhi s , hes es n he or i lt fnanci l unseaworhy cargo car i s and ar non-nsr i her , wher t i ue i whet a i aly t rer e i tuctve e e he ss s her s i m ay di ge paym ent i quas - r f om a s p owner bas on t non- paym entofa uppler sgor sn icontact r hi ed he chart er who or ed t s i . N orhas t Cour l ed any aut iy t st er der he upples he t ocat hort hat ands f eiher or t l ga pr ii t t Pl ntf a a es A c or n y, f t s a to r a on,t Cour g an s e l oposton ha ai if dv nc . c di gl or hi ddii nal e s he tr t s ummayj men f Dee ans r udg t or fnd t. 1 1 C ON CLUSI N 1. O Fort r s s tf rh a e,i i he ea ons e o t bov t s ORD ERED THAT ( ) Dee n Itr tona Shipi Pat r Moton f Summay J dgme ( 41, i 1 fnda t nenai l p ng rnes i or r u nt DE j s GRAN TED . ( Defnda J l Owne, LTD.s M oi f Summay J gme ( 421 i 2) e nt ewe r ' ton or r ud nt DE , s GR ANTED. 15 ( Pli ifsl r ae Cr sMotonfrSu r J dgme ( 501i DENI 3) antf' ncoportd os- i o mmay u nt DE s ED. ( TheCou t le e aspaaej gme . 4) r wil ntr e rt ud nt DONEAND ORDE D i MimiFlrd ,hs27 Jyo- y 2 3 RE n a , oia ti tva , 01 . 4 > PATRI A A . l Z CI UNI TED STATES DI STRI J DGE CT U c c: Hon a e Andr a M .Si ont or bl e m on Al c uns o r c d l o el f e or 1 6
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