Dunn v. WAL*MART store # 3235, No. 1:2011cv21756 - Document 67 (S.D. Fla. 2013)
Court Description: ORDER granting 49 Motion for Summary Judgment; Case is Closed. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 4/8/2013. (ls)
Download PDF
<![CDATA[
Dunn v. WAL*MART store &#035; 3235 Doc. 67 I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT SOUTHERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA Cas No.1: c 21 e 11- v- 756- TZ/ M ONTON SEI SI M ARCI DUN N,Ba pt y Tr t e, A nknl c use Pli if antf , W AL- ART STORES EAST, P. M L. , De e f ndant . ORDER GM NTI MOTI F9R SUMMARY J NG ON UDGMENT THI M ATTER i be or t Cour on De e ntW alM a tsM o i f Fi lSum ma y S s f e he t f nda - r' ton or na r J d me t( 4 j Plitf l n e Co li t l g scamso rtlai ni v oaino u g n DE- 9 . anifs Ame d d mpan al e li f eaito n i lto f e Til Vl,t Fl i Ci lRi sAc, nd42U. C.j1 te l he orda vi ght ta S. 981.Pl ntf,a AsitntM a rf ai if n ssa nage or De e n ,a s rst ta trs r l edcompl i sofr edic i nato t hi he f nda t s e t ha fe he eay ant ac s rmi i n o g r ma a e n, h s frd a ves e l y n a to s sat wihc mplit a o th r o n g me ts e ufee d re mp o me t cin , tri t o ans b u e j b ng pe f ma ea cul i tng i he t r i ton. ror nc nd m na i n r e m nai De e d n ha mo e f rs mmayj dg n o a1c u t a g n t a Plitf c n o fn a t s v d o u r u me t n 1 o ns r uig h t anif a n t e tbls he prm af ci ca e a e n i s c d, enda hasa lgii a e nonsa ih r i a e s nd, ve f he oul Def nt e tm t , dic i nao yra o f risa to s Plitf h sfldars o s ( 5 )a dDee d n h s srmi tr e s n o t cin . an if a i e e p n e DE- 5 n fn a t a fldarpl ( 6 1 Co sd rn t erc r i tel h mo tfv rbl t Plitf, h h sn t ie e y DE- 3 . n iei g h e od n h i t s a o a e o anif s e a o g esabls d aprma f c ec eofr t la i bec us s ha notesa ihedt ts e age i t ihe i a i as ea iton a e he s tbls ha he ng d n pr t ct d ac i t Cons que l D e e nt sm o i i g ant d. o e e tviy. e nty, f nda ' ton s r e l heCour us t t m Epl ntf't r ert Daiy Beri , notM ar a Dunn,t Bankr c ' r t es he er i ai if' o ef o s ros ci he upty Tr t who wass tt ed a Pl ntf aherM s.Ber osfl bankr c usee, ubsiut s ai if ri ied upt y. Dockets.Justia.com 1 . UNDI SPUTED M ATERI FACTSZ AL Pl ntf washie byDef nton Aprl1 , 2000,a a houry As ocat I ai if rd enda i 4 s n l s i e. n Se embe 2005, ai ife er d De e ntsM a eme Tr i ePr a a waspr pt r Pl ntf nt e f nda ' nag nt ane ogr m nd omot d e t a a ssa ma ge poston on J nua y 7, 2006. Pl i ifr m ane a as it ntm a ge o n s itnt na r ii a r antf e i d n ssa na r u i he t r na i on J y 20,201 . Pli ifa lgest ts wa t mi td i r t lai f ntl r e mi ton ul 0 antf le ha he s er nae n e ai ton or r pori cai sofdic i nato by ot wo ke st hi rmana m e . e tng l m s rmi i n her r r o ghe ge nt Dtrng t c r e ofhere o e , Pl ntf wor i s ve alsor .On J y 4, li he ou s mpl ym nt ai if ked n e r t es ul 200 s wa ta f redt sor #3 i Norh M i miBe c , Fl rda.Cludi El n wa t 9, he s r ns e r o t e 235 n t a a h oi a ne vi s he sor mana rofsor #3235 a El n s cfc ly s ece Pl ntf t bepa t her te ge te nd vi pe ii a l el td ai if o r of ma eme ta ( . p. 1 1 24. Att tme sor #3235hadanew ma ge nttn nag nt e m. P1De 3 05:0- ) he i , t e na me e m bec us De e ntwa ed t i r eAs oc a em or l a s ts a ton a a d uni z i . a e f nda nt o nc eas s i t a e nd a if c i nd voi oniaton (d a 1 1 23. Thema ge ntta i hirrhialor r c itdoft sor mana r 1 t 06:8- ) na me e m,n eac c de, onsse he t e ge, El n,hr c mana r ,a s known a s f m a ge s a s ve a as itntm a ge s oneof vi t ee oge s lo s hit na r , nd e r l ssa na r , wh m wa Plitf.(d a 1 3:- 3 2) o s anif 1 t 3 6 1 4:. z antf Sttme tofDipue M aeilFa t ( 54 doe no c mpl wi t sDitits pli ifs ae n s td tra cs DE- j s t o y t hi src ' h LocalRul l i sngl s es. t s i e paced and s t i l exc ubsantaly eedst t n pagt lm iai . Pl ntf di not he e i t ton ai if d pr l s laveofCour t fl he non- omplantSt ement i t d, s s opery eek e t o ie r c i at ; nsea he oughtl eave i a f not n oot e i t Sae nt Furhe,Plitf' rs onet t moinf s n he ttme . t r anifs ep s o he to or ummayj gme tas e edstep ge r ud n lo xc e h a lm iaton and doesnotcom pl wih t Diti ' f mati r es. Asa memberoft Sout n Diti i t i y t he srcts or tng ul he her srct ofFl i Bar Pl ntf scouns i r r t be f ii wih t LocalRul and t com pl wih orda , ai if el s equied o am lar t he es o y t t hem. 3 . Dep.r er t Pl ntf sDeposton,whi i fl a DE- 3 and 50- . Pl Dep.Cont s l Pl ef s o ai if ii ch s ied t 504 . . hal r e t Pl ntf ss ef r o ai if econd orcontnued deposton whi i fl a D E- 5. i ii ch s ied t 502 Dee d tsPo iis f n an ' lce4 Def nda ha a Ope DoorPolc t tpr dest , i an As ocit hasapr e he e nt s n n iy ha ovi hat f s ae obl m, o s ca tl t a membe ofm a ge e . ( 5 - . Th , nAso it d e n t a t r he n a k o ny r na m nt DE-0 1) us a s cae o s o h ve o f l as ii c n ofc olow pecfc hai omm a whe e es i a c e n orac nd n xpr sng onc r ompl nt (t Dee a ai . ff) fnd nt a s hasaDic i i ton & Ha a s e Pr ve i Polc whi h sa e t tDe e ntwilno lo s rm na i r s m nt e nton iy c t t s ha f nda l t t e ae a f n ofdic i i ton orha as me . ( 5 - ) P ru n t t eDici n to & olr t ny on' s rm na i r s nt DE- 0 2. u s a t o h srmiain Ha as me Pr nton Polc r s nt eve i iy: I ( n g r)o s r e rc iearp r o o h r s b c mea r o apo sbl f Ma a es b e v , e ev e o q r t ewie e o wa e f si e vi ai n oft spolc y m us i e at yr ts h co olto hi iy, ou t mm di el epor uc nduc t t a o i e t o he ppr prat lv l fma a e n f riv siain.A slre me e o ma a e n wh f ist e e o n g me t o n e tg to aaid mb r f n g me t o al o rpo t v oaino t spoiyma b s b e tt d s il e u t a dicu i e r a i lto f hi l c y e u j c o icpi , p o n n ldng n tnui ton. e na i A prpra elv lo n ge n i cu e , u i n t i tdt ,h Fil Lo itc p o it e e fma a me t n ld s b t s o lmie o te ed gsis Huma Re our e M ana r Empl m e Advi o , M a ke H um a Re our esM a ge , n s cs ge , oy nt sr r t n s c na r Re o lHuma Re our e M ana r orPe e Die t . gi na n s cs ge , opl r c or (# (mp a i i o iial) f . e h ss n rgn l. l a ton t t Ope Do Polc a t Dicrm i ton & Ha as m e Pr ve i n ddii o he n or i y nd he s i na i r s nt e nton Polc Def nda ha aLa Reltonsde rm e . I am a ge be om e a r ofa lbor iy, e nt s bor a i pa t nt f na r c s wa e a is ,heors i r r d t r por t is t La rRea i . ( . p. 1 23. The s ue he s equie o e t he s ue o bo ltons PlDe 102:0- ) pup os ofLa Reltonsi t e ur As oc a es tsaci n i or rt a duni za i . e bor a i s o ns e s i t aif to n de o voi oni ton 4 an ifsSa e nto Dipu e Fa t ( 5 sae t tDe e nth ddifr n pol ist a plitf ttme f s td c s DE-4) tt s ha fnda a fee t i e h n c t es outi Def hos et n endantswrte polci Specikaly,Pl ntf sat t t wih r dst cl ms of ' itn i es. f l ai if t es ha, t egar o ai dicrm i i t polc wasf a a sit managert r tt dic m i i t t sor m anager s i naton, he iy or n s sant o epor he s ri naton o he t e o ac - na e .Se DE- a 2, .Howe rt e d nc ctdb Plitf,hede osto o J a r oma g r e 54 t !5 ve,he vie e ie y anif t p iins f o n G ry a Shil Ann Nei,doesnots e nd rey l uppor t exitnce ofa s a epolcy t tcl m sof t he se epar t i ha ai dic i i ton wer t be r td t i sor manage ent Thede ii ,i t dicus t pr s s rm na i e o epore o n- t e m . postons nsead, s s he oces t ta sor f l a t a mana orc m a ha t e olows fer ger o- nagerhasbecome awa e ofa dicrm i i com pl nt See r s i naton ai . Gr y Dep.at1 23- 23 andN ei Dep at1 20-1 19. e 4: 16: l 24: 28: 3 (d a 1 3:8 1 4:6) Th r f r, na e n wa r q ie t rp r a yAso it 1 t 0 1 - 0 1 . ee o e ma g me t s e ur d o e o t n s cae dis tsac in ora t l a s a if to ny a k boutpot nta uni z i n t La Reltons e i l oniato o bor a i . (d a 1 1 22. 1 t 04:7- ) Onc ac e ompl ntofdic i i to o ha a s e i r c i d, a i tgai c le a ai s rm na i n r r s m nt s e e ve n nvesi ton a ld tt Book'i ope . ( e De 51 1 1 ; vi De a 1 1 25 s ed l ' s ned Gry p. 5:0- 1 El n p. t 80:8- . ) TheRedBook i tgai n i us l doneby t sor ma ge ort s f mana r who woul be nvesi to s ualy he t e na r he hit ge d , r ponsbl f i tga i t c es i e or nvesi tng he ompl nta s ndi t i or ton t t pr pe a hortes ai nd e ng he nf ma i o he o r ut ii outi t sor ( i De 61 2- ) sde he t e. Nel p. 26: 20. As ocat Compl nt s i e ai s Ats omepoi i e ry 201 , t eeAs ocat a oac d Pl ntf, asam e rof nt n a l 0 hr s i es ppr he ai if mbe ma nage nt wih co ai sa me , t mpl nt boutdoubl sa dsa dic i i ton. ( . p.1 2125. e tndar nd s rm na i PlDe 07: - ) Asa me be ofma ge nt Pli ifwa r s m r na me , a ntf s e ponsbl f r pori s c i e or e tng uch ompl n st t ait o he pr rrs c wihi t c ope e oures t n he ompany.(d.a 1 5- 2. Ac or ngt Pl ntf stsi y, I t 08: 1 ) c di o ai if e tmon onc a As oc aecompl i ofdi c i i ton, Plitf j bd t wa t rp r t ec mpan e n s it aned s rm nai anifs o u y s o e o th o lit t t s f m a ge orsor m a ge . ( . p. o he hit na r t e na r P1 De Cont a 48: 1 ) Pl ntf, . t 9- 5. ai if howe r di not ve, d do t twhe s r e ve t As ocit s'c ha n he ec i d he s a e ompli s i t ad, s c ld La Reltons ant ; nse he ale bor a i . Pl ntf ca ld La Rea i t cet r por t As ocit s co pl nt . ai if le bor ltons wi o e t he s a e ' m ai s ( . p.a 1 0:4PlDe t 1 1 l 111:- 7. Pl ntf sfrtc l t La rReai r ae t aco ai ofdici nai by 8; 7 1 ) ai if is alo bo ltons eltd o mpl nt s rmi ton S e D e . r er t t de ii ofJ Gr ahuman r our managerf Def Gr y p ef s o he poston oan ey es ces or endant , fl atDE- . ied 54-l , 6 ei Dep. r er t t deposton ofShily Ann Nei, a s h managerofs or #3235 N I ef s o he ii re l hi t e . The de ton i fl at54posii s ied 3. Sal s A s oc a e Ta a a So ol e s i t m r t ongo.? (d a 1 2: 1 ) Afe c lngLa Reai a 1 t 1 4- 2. tr ali bor ltons bout As oc ae Sot ongo,Pl n ifwa noti ve i a ot rwa wih t handlng or s it ol aitf s nvol d n ny he y t he i i si to oft c nve tgai n he ompl nt (d a 1 9:9- 20: 1) ai . 1 t 1 1 1 1 . Pl ntf ss co pho c l t La Reato wa i r s ai if e nd ne a l o bor l i ns s n e pons t c e o ompli sof a nt dic i i ton a f rts fom SaesAs oca e Ese l Cr a J anet Cor s rm na i nd avo iim r l s it s tla uz nd e te doba.8(d a 1. t 1 2- ) W he t Asocit a oa he Pl ntflt yt dhe a t dici nai but 22: 8. n he s aes ppr c d ai it he ol r bout he s rmi ton a s sa e t tt y we e noti t uni ye , b t h yc udd i.( . p. nta 5 :- ) lo tt d ha he r n he on t u t e o l o t Pl De Co . t 43 6. Pli ifmadet c l t La Rea i be aus ofhe dute a oblga i a am a ge . antf he a l o bor ltons c e r i s nd i tons s na r ( . p. t1 6-0. W he Pli ifcaldLa Reltons s ha noperonalknowldge P1De a 28: 1 ) n antf le bor ai , he d s e a boutt aleg dic i i ton t tt As ocatsr pore t Pl ntf a Pl ntf di not he l ed s rm na i ha he s i e e td o ai if nd ai if d i siaet co ai s.(d a 1 7- 7.1 21 1 : . Howe ,a cor ngt Pli if nve tg t he mpl nt 1 t 39: 1 , 40: -4121) ver c di o antf, be o e c li La rRea i , Pli ifwaked wih t s t As oc a e t c k t rwor f r a lng bo ltons antf l t he e wo s i t s o hec hei k s he e t s ei t r a a edt bef vorts i t s he i . ( . p. n . 3 1 1 . c dul s o e f he e ppe r o a iim n he c dulng Pl De Co t 5 :- 2) W he Pl ntf s ket La Rea i ,s wasi tuc e t c lam eei oft sor n ai if po o bor ltons he nsr t d o al tng he t e ma a est d s u st Aso its c mplit.( . p a 1 :- 1) Plitf c n e e t e n g r o ic s he s cae ' o an s P1De . t 273 1 . anif o v n d h meei i t m a e ' ofk e, ndr lye t c tng, n he nag r s f a ea d he onve s ton wih La Reltonsa t rai t bor a i nd he A s oc at s'c pl i s t t ot rm a e s, ncl ng El n. (d.a 1 4- 3. s i e om a nt o he he nag r i udi vi 1 t 29: 1 ) 7 c r ngt PlitflSool goc mplie t tEl nh ddic i nae a ans he b Ac o di o an it t on o an d ha vi a s rmi td g i t r y m ovi hert anot deparmentbe es di nots k e ng o her t caus he d pea nough Engls . M s.Sot ongo,however ih ol had t tai herr ac e and s had ha adec eas i herhourypay. ( .De a 1 3: 11 1 . o rn epl em nt he d r en l Pl p t 1 4- 4:0) ' Accor ng t Pl ntf , Cr and Cor di o ai if uz doba compl ned t tEl n wass ai ha vi howi f iim t ds ng avorts owar Bl ksa wasdicrm i tngagai tHipa cs t t had notbe pai pr rl f wor ng ac nd s i na i ns s ni , hat hey en d ope y or ki over ght t tt rhour ha been cut and t t wer wor ha de t t Bl empl ni , ha hei s d , hat hey e ked r r han he ack oyees ( . . Pl Dep.1 19-1 15. 23: 24: 5 A c eofda a trt meei Pl i ifwa c le t El n' ofie. (d. t1 2: oupl ys fe he tng, antf s a ld o vi s fc 1 a 3 6- 1 ) Pli ift tfeda t co rai wihEl nasf l : 6. antf esii bout he nves ton t vi olows The sor m a ge s i t m et tlwasneve t da et go overhe he t t k about t e na r ad o ha ro r o r ad o al a co pl ntbec us - - t twoul ha n i he sor , be aus t wa he sor ny m ai a e ha d ppe n r t e c e hat s r t e. Tha lha - - 1wa nots ppos d t ha c le t l ort n f t is st twe e t d s u e o ve a ld he ab e m or he s ue ha r goi on i he sor Shes i t wor et nglhad e rdonewast go o rhe hea . . ng n r t e. a d he s hi ve o ve r d . . And t l o owe m yposton be us s wa pr ii m et ts wa goi t la r ii ca e he s om sng ha he s ng o e ve mej be swi n b e do tetbea dt t h wa gvn mea o po tn t t k e o ls t o r a n h a l n ha s e s iig n p ru iy o e p h ao j b. (#.a 1 6- 8. El nde e t ts c ac f t 35: 1 ) vi nis ha u h onverai t plce ( vi De 9269: 1 ) ston ook a . El n p 6- 2 . . Te miat na dA r r n i n pe o Afe Pli ifm e wih El n a El n a lge yt e t ne Pl i if Pl ntf al ge tr antf t t vi nd vi le dl hr a e d antf, ai if le s t ts sare t r ei neg i f e c a ha he t td o ec ve atve e dba k bouthe wor a wasuli a ey tr natd, as a r k nd tm t l e mi e r ul.o Afe Pli ifwast nni ed, onJ y23,201 Pl ntf fl ac r of es tl tr a ntf e nat ul 0, ai if ied ha ge Y l nDe rf r t t ed po iin o Clu n El nflda DE- 0- 8, 50-1 and 50vi p. ees o h e sto f a die vi ie t 5 l 9, 20. lBecaus t Cour fndst tPl ntf hasf l t pr entevi o e he t i ha ai if aied o es dencet s o uppor herprma f e t i aci c s , h fcsrgadi Pli ifs o pef nn nc a d h re lainsaen rlv n t t eCou ts ae t e a t e r ng antf j b ro a e n e vau to r ot ee a t o h r' anal i. However t Cour i udesa s mar oft ef ct f pur esofpai i a mor complt yss , he t ncl um y hos a s or pos ntng e ee pit e. c ur W hiePl ntf appea st ar t tprort hercont wih La Reltonss had not l ai if r o gue ha i o act t bor a i he r cei any negatvef dback,Pl ntf di r ei s e ved i ee ai if d ec ve ome nega i com ment and Sbel expecatons' tve s ç ow ti ' ort evel e N e d'r i on herannualr ewsprort c actng LaborReltons ( 50 1 o opm nt ede ' atngs evi i o ont i a i . DE- - 0, DE- 0- 1 DE- - 2. Howe r tea a rviwsas i lde p iiec mme t a s met x e d 5 l , 50 1 ) ve, h nnu l e e lo ncu d ostv o n s nd o d c e s e e e tton 'rtngs (d. Ahe Plitf ma et c lst La rReains Pli ifrcev d aveba xp cai s' ai . 1 ) r an if d he al o bo lto , antf e ie r l c a hi ( 5 1 )a dt nawrte c a higfom a As itntM a g r( 5 - 4) Plitf wa o c ng DE- 0- 3 n he itn o c n r n ssa na e DE- 0 1 . an if s t nplc donaPef r n el o me Pln( P)b c us s wa n me tn e e tto .( . he a e ro ma c mpr ve nt a P1 e a e he s ot eig xp cains P1 De Co . t5: 6 5:2-6. Pl n ifrc i di lw Ex cai s' ai so he tr ePI f lowp. nta 2- ; 1 1 ) aitf e eve ç o pe tton 'rtng n r h e P o l Be up .( 50 1 DE- 0 1 & DE- 0 1 ) Att t r f lw- p, vne e de Pl n ifsPl f ra s DE- - 5, 5 - 6 5 - 7. he hid olo u Eli xtn d aitf P o n a dii a t we ks ( 50 1 ) Alho hPlitf wa s j c t tr naina ars l o tePI d ton l wo e . DE- - 7. t ug an if s ub e t o e mi to s e ut f h P f lw- s Plitf wa plc do asc dPI ( 50 2 ) olo up , an if s a e n e on P. DE- - 2. Two da lt ,on Aprl24,20l Pl ntf ecei her2010 per or ance eval i fom Shit ys aer i 0, ai ifr ved fm uaton r f M anage W ilam Per abec e El n wason m a e niy lave. ( 5 - . Plitf e eve a r li er aus vi tr t e DE- 0 23) an ifr c i d n eval ton ofSs i peror er'fom Per a, (#) Th e auain, ua i sold f m ' r er f . e v l to howe r sae t ti wa is dby ve , tts ha t s s ue 6 dici nai wiht Unie Stt Equa Empl s rmi ton t he td aes l oymentOppo t t Commison( runiy s i EEOC) . Pli ifsEEOC c r ale t El n r t laed a ns Pli ifafe Pl i ifdic s d a ntf ha ge lges hat vi e a it gai t antf tr antf s us e wih El n t As oc aes co e nsofdicrm i ton a pr e e i lte t t t vi he s i t ' nc r s i na i nd efr nta r a men . ( 50- ) DE- 25. l he Pr - t m i ton l er iw wih t EEOC , Pl i ifa knowl d t ts ha n r e Deer na i nt ve t he antf c edge ha he d p o lmsp romig s meo h r o d te .( 5 - 6) r be e f r n o f e j b u is DE- 0 2 . On M a 1 2011 Pli iffld he i ta c y 3, , a ntf ie r niil ompl i i t sm a tr ( 1) I he / ant n hi te . DE- . n rrr sc e ompli t Pl ntf ale st ts wasr t laed a i ta trs ca ld La Relto on a n , ai if l ge ha he e ai t ga ns fe he le bor ai ns t o oc a i nst r l y A s oci t c e ns Pl ntf ' ame w c s o o ea s a e onc r . ai ifs ndedcompl i a s ale sr t iton ant lo l ge eala i ba e on he phonecal t La Rea i a a trs E r edt St eM a ge t sd r ls o bor ltons nd fe he ç confont he or na r o dic st ec s us hos ompl n sa oppos s h unf i pr ci est r t Hipa ce oy s'' ait nd e uc ar a tc owa ds he s ni mpl ee . ( 1 a! . DE- 8 t 6) I. I SUM M ARY JUDGM ENT STANDARD S mma yj d me ti a p o raewh nûh pe dn s. . ho t a teei n g n ie u r u g n s p r p it e é e la ig . s w h t h r s o e un t is ea t a ymaeil a ta dt t h mo i pat i e tte t aj d me t samatrof su s o n tra f c n ha t e vng ry s n ild o u g n a te lw.'Ande s v fi ry Lobb I . 477 U. . 2 , 47(98 ) HCA He lhS r s o .I c a ' r on . be t y, nc, S 42 2 1 6 ; a t e v . fGa, n . v. o r HealhI .Co.240F. 982,991( 1hCi. ) Oncet movi pat Emplye s t ns , 3d 1 t r2001 . he ng ry de monsr t st a e e ofage ne is o m a e i f d , t no m ovi pm. mus çc ta e he bs nc nui s ue f t ral a he nng t y t çome f wa d wih çpectcf dss or r t s is a howi t tt r i a g nui is f til'' M atus t El . ng ha he e s e ne s ue or ra .' s hia ec . I .Co v Ze t Radi Co p. 475U .S. 4, ( 986)( tngFed. Ci P. e) The ndus . . nih o r , 57 587 1 quoi R. v. 56(). Cour m us viw t r c d and alf cuali er nc t r fom i t lg mos f a et t t t e he e or l a t nf e es he e r n he i ht t avor bl o he El n (d. Plitf ha t f low- p s sinsr ae t t s c nd P1 a d b h fun ta Plitf vi. 1 ) an if d wo ol u e so eltd o he e o P n ot o d h t an if me e pe tton .( 5 - & DE- 4 5. On J y 2 201 ,El ntnni td Plitf c us Pli if t x ca i s DE- 4 4 5- ) ul 0, 0 vi e nae anifbe a e antf had f l t e ur t t meatca e wasf l socked. ( 5 24; . p. t 3 7 1 ) aied o ns e hat he s uly t DE- 0- P1 De Con. 3:- 9. 7 non- o ng pa t a dec d whe he ûçhee de pr s nt a s fcintdia ee ntt m vi ry nd i e t r çt vi nce e e s uf e s gr me o rq ies b s int a uy o wh t e i i s o esd dt t n p rymus prv i a amatr e u r u miso o j l r eh r t s o n -ie ha o e at t e al s te oflw .' Ale v T onFoods I ., 1 1F.d 6 2 6 6( 1hCi.1 9 )( oigAn e s n, 7 a '' ln . ys , nc 2 3 4 , 4 1 t r 9 7 qu t n d ro 47 U. a 2 - 2 S. t 51 5 :. l o po igamo inf rs mmmyj d me tt en n- vigp ryma n t eys ey n p sn to o u u g n ,h o mo n a t y o r l oll on t pl a ngs butm us s w by a fdavis de ii ,a we st i t roga ores and he e di , t ho f t, postons ns r o n e r t i , a s i t ts ii f c se s demonsr tng age neis f til Se Fe R.Ci P. dmi sons ha pec fc a t xit ta i nui s ue or ra . e d. v. 5 () () s eas Ceoe Cop. . tet4 7U. 31 , 2 ( 98 ) A meekcnil'o 6c, e ; e lo l tx r v Car t, 7 S. 7 3 4 1 6 . r s itl ' f s a e de es vi nc uppo i t opposngpa t spostonw ilno s t e;i t d, t r m us be a rtng he i ry' ii l t ufk nsea he e t s fiin s o ngt thej r c u dr a o a l fndfrt a pat.An e s n, 77U. a 25 u fce t h wi ha t u y o l e s n by i o h t ry d ro 4 S. t 2; s alo Wale v Dary 911F. 1 1 ( 1hCi.1 ) ee s kr . b 2d 573, 577 1 t r 990 . 11 1. DI SCUSSI ON De e d n manan t a i i e tte t s mmayj g n b c us Plitf c n o fn a t it is h t t s n ild o u r ud me t e a e an if a n t esa ih aprm af c eca eofr t iton a bec us De enda ha al ii a e non-e ai t y tbls i ai s eala i nd a e f nt s egtm t , r t laor r a on f t r i tng Pli if Pl ntf r s e s or e m na i a ntf . ai if e pondst tDe e n i note ild t s ma y ha f nda t s ntte o um r j d me t c us s eh sp e e tddr c e ie c o rtlain, h c ne tb ihh rp i u g n be a e h a r s ne ie t vd n e f eaito s e a sa ls e rma f i c s ,a De e ntspr f r d lgii t non-e ai t y r s f rt r i tng Pli if ace a e nd f nda ' ofe e e tma e, r t laor ea on o e m na i a ntf i pr t xt l s e e ua . Pli ifa De enda diagr ea antf nd f nt s e boutwhe he Pl i ifha pr s nt d died or t r antf s e e e r cr m sa ile de eoft ale r t la i Pli ifa s rst ts ha pr s nt diec icu tnta vi nc he lged e a iton. a ntf s e t ha he s e e ed r t evi nce oft r a i w hie Def nda a s r st ta y e denc ofr a i ton i de he el ton, l e nt s e t ha n vi e et la i s cic s a i l Thet ofe de e de e m i st m e hod ofa ys st C o tm us a y. r um t nt a . ype vi nc t r ne he t nal i he ur t ppl 8 I apl ntf e t bls sbydie te de et ta r t it y a m usplyeda sg fc nt f ai if sa ihe r c vi nc ha eala or ni a i nii a r ei t e oyme de son,t nt e oye wilbela ef r t la i unl s i c n ol n he mpl nt cii he he mpl r l ibl or e ai ton e s t a e t bls t tt e pl rwoul ha mad t s m ede son a e t r t it y motve. sa ih ha he m oye d ve e he a cii bs nt he eala or i Ha sv M C.Ca ( Co.52F. 9 931( 1hCi.1 ) Howe r i apli ifscam i yne . ye f , 3d 28, 1 t r 995 . ve ,f antf li s bas d on cic sa i levi nc ,aco tus t bur n s fi a l i s touti M c e r um t nta de e ur es he de hitng nayss e n Donne l l- Dou asCor v Gr n,411U. 792( 973) Unde Mc gl p. . ee S. 1 . r DonnelDou as apli ifhast l- gl , antf he bt de ofe tbls ngaprma f ce c s ofr t la i I a 80 A pl i ifesa ihesa l n sa ihi r i a i a e e a iton. d t 2. antf t bls prmafcec s byesa ihi ()s e ge i sautrl pr e tde e so ( s i ai ae tbls ng: 1 he nga d n tt o iy otce xpr sin,2) he s fee a a v ree ly n a to a d( ) h a v rea o wa c us l r ltdt t u fr d n d e s mpo me t cin, n 3 t e d e s din s a al eae o he y pr tce e esi Br v Snow,4 F. 1 1 ( 1h Ci. ) Thebur e t n oe td xpr son. own . 40 3d 259, 266 1 t r 2006 . d n he s fst t e oye t ari a eal gii t ,non-e a it y r as f risa tons W ison v. hit o he mpl r o tcult e tma e r t laor e on o t c i . l B/ Ae os e I 376F.d 1 9,1 7 ( 1hCi. E r pac , nc. 3 07 08 1 t r 2004) l t e o rme t t sbur n, . f he mplye es hi de t n t bur n s fsba k t t pl i ift ofe e de t tt al ge r s gi n by t he he de hit c o he antf o f r vi nce ha he le d ea on ve he e o ri apr txtf il lr t lai mpl ye s ee or lega e ai ton.I Bec us a s toutbel Pli tf ha not d. a e, s e ow, a n if s pr s ntd die te denc ofr t la i s m us esa ih herca eusng t M c e e e r c vi e e a iton, he t t bls s i he Donnell Dou asb de s fi a ys s gl ur n- hitng nal i . Pl ntf H asN o Pre e e A ny Di ec Evi nc o R e alaton ai if t s nt d r t de e f t i i W hieDe e ntm ant i t tt M c l f nda i ans ha he DonnelDouglsfa e k a i t t sca e, la r m wor pples o hi s Pli ifa g t ts haspr e e died e de ofdic i i ton a t ef e,s ne antf r ues ha he es nt d r vi nce s rm nai nd, her or he ed notesabls aprma f i c s unde M cDonne lDou as Spe ii aly, ai ifa lgest t t ih i ace a e r l- gl . c fc l Pl ntf le ha Eli si t a Plitf ç sn v rt d r t g o e g vn')h a t tl a u a yc mplit vn ad h t an if i e e o ae o o v r Eli s e d o ak bo t n o an wa . . . b c u eta wa h rso e Th ta yhigta ha p n d ( an it h dt g t t r u h e a s h t s e t r . a n t n h t p e e , Plitfl a o o o h o g 9 ( vn . .( j wa p o sn meta s ewa g igt la emej bls wi nob e do te El ij . .S he s r miig h t h s on o e v o es t h ra n h t bl ' Pli ifa g t tt ssaeme c tt esdie evi eofdi c i na i . Se DEa e. antf r ues ha hi t t nt onsiut r d denc ' s rmi ton e 5 a 2& DE- 4a 11 !1 . 5t 5 t , 2 TheEl ve h Cicui detnest r c evi nce' l de t esa ihe t e se e nt r t s t e t de 'as t di evi nce hat t bls s he xitnce ofdic i i t y i e be nd t e pl s rm na or ntnt hi he m oymen de son wihouta i e e e orpr s m pto .'' t cii t ny nf r nc e u in St andar v W. J .Se vce , I c,1 F.d 1 8 1 3 ( 1hCi.1 98 .çol l temo t d . #.lf r i s n . 61 3 31 , 3 0 1 t r 9 ) ç ny h l s blt r m a ks whos i e coul m e n not ng ot rt n t di c i i t on t bassofs m e aant e r , e ntnt d a hi he ha o s rm na e he i o i r s i ef c orc tt edie te de e ofdi c i na i .' Wis ,376 F. a 1 mpe mi sbl a t onsiut r c vi nc s xmi ton ' l on 3d t 086 (ntr lquotto omitd) l t sae ntonl s ss butdoesnotpr , a i ena ains te . f he ttme y ugge t, ove dic i i t y motve,he i c tt esc r um santale de e. I s rm naor i t n t onsiut ic t i vi nc d Her El n' sa e nti notdiec evi nceofa i nnisbl r t laor i e . I i e, vi s t t me s r t de n mpe s i e e ai t y nt nt t s notcla fom t sa e e wheherEl n' sa e e wasmadebe us Pl ntf c e r r he tt m nt t vi s tt m nt ca e ai if ompli d a ne ofdic i na i orbe aus Pl i ifwe ove El n' hea t makea c s rmi ton c e antf nt r vi s d o ompli . I El n ant f vi m a t t e tbe us Pli ifwe o rEl n' hea t r se ac de he hr a ca e antf nt ve vi s d o egit r ompli t notbe a e o an, c us f t t ofc he ype ompli ,El n' sae e woul no c e ry de onsr t a i e t r t la e ant vi s t tm nt d t l a l m ta e n ntnt o e a it ba ed on a i nni sbl m o i Thus be a eEl n' sa e e doesnotdiecl esa ih s n mpe s i e tve. , c us vi s tt m nt r ty t bls t e se e ofa i pe m isbl r t laor i e wihouti e e o pr s he xit nc n m r s i e e a it y nt nt t nf r nce r e umpton, i i not i ts died e de eofa i pe m isbl r t laor motve. Compar Damon v Flmi r vi nc n m r s i e e ai t y i e . e ng S pe ma k t o o ia I c,1 6F.d 1 5 ,1 5 ( 1hCi.1 9 )(i dngt a t esae n u r r es fFl rd , n . 9 3 3 4 3 9 1 t r 9 9 fn i h t h ttme t by de son- ke ,S tt c pa ne ded wasagg es i young m e . . . t be pr cii ma r l wha he om ny e r sve n o omot ' ed' d dn tc n t uedrc e ie c o a eds rmiain , n Bu r l v Bo r o r se so i o o si t ie t v d n e f g ici n to ) a d r el . a d fT u te f t Ge gi M iiar Cole 1 F.d 1 1 ( 1h Ci.1 ( di t tsae ntby or a lt y lge, 25 3 390, 393 1 t r 997) hol ng ha ttme 10 decsonii make t thewa e t hieam a f t poston be a et manywom e fle t r ha nt d o r n or he ii c us oo n ild he ofkerpostonswa no diec e de eofg rdic i nai ,wihCaban- ee v f ii s t r t vi nc ende srmi ton) t Whe lr . Ele 71F. 837,843( 1hCi.1 ( ngt tsae ntbyde son- ke t thedi s a, 3d 1 t r 996) fndi ha ttme cii ma r ha d notw a ts m e lke pli tf i poston butwa e aBlckpe s i poston co tt e n o one i a n if n ii ntd a r on n ii nsiut s die tevi nceofrcedici nai . Cons quenl Pli ifscamsmus bea l ed rc de a s rmi ton) e ty, antf li t nayz unde t M c onnelDougl s fa e k. r he D la r m wor B. Pl nt f D i N otPar ake i Pr ec e Actviy ai i f d t n ot t d it A1 ofPli ifsc am sr to whehe he t r i ton wasc us ly c l antf l i es n t r r e m nai a a l onnece t he td o r enga me i E ot c e a viy,' t ttr i dt i d by Til VI oft f de alCi l gt nt n t e t d di t 'as ha e m s fne pr te l he e r vi Ri ht Ac . Unde Til VI i i g s t r te 1 t s unlwf ...f ra e oye t dic i i t agans an ofhi empl ee . . . be a e he a ul o n mpl r o s rm na e i t y s oy s c us ha oppos d a pr c i mad a unl ule o e pr ctceby t ss s e ny a tce e n awf mpl ym nt a i hi ubcha e , or ptr be a ehe ha m adeac r , e tfe as it orpa tcpa e i a manne i a c us s ha ge t s ii d, s sed, ri i t d n ny rn n i si i pr e di orhe rng unde t ss ha e . nve tgaton, oc e ng, ai r hi ubc pt r 42U. C.j2000e3( .Thi s ci ha be n itprtdassti outt t ofpr ece S. - a) s e ton s e ne ee etng wo ypes ot td aci t ( )opposngunlwf e oy ntpr tc a ( ma ngac r o pari pai i tviy: 1 i a ul mpl me acies nd 2) ki hage r tci tng n a ivetg to o p o e dng a f r v M erpoia Go e n n o s vle& Da is n n n siain r r c e i .Cr w o d . to ltn v r me t fNa h il vd o Count Tenn s e 55U. 271, ( y e s e, S. 274 2009) Det nta s rst tPl ntf c nno e tbls a . fnda s et ha ai if a t sa ih cai unde eihe t pari pa i clus ort o lm r t r he tci ton a e he pposton clus ii a e. Pl nt ca n t tbiha Cli Un rtePa t ia inClu e ait n o Esa ls am de h ri p to a s c De e n a g st tPl i ifc nnote t bls ac am unde t pa tcpa i c a e f nda t r ue ha antf a sa ih l i r he rii ton lus b c u es c adam aie o l fo ç r c e n sa da tvte whc o c ri c nun to e a s u h i rs s ny r m s o e dig n ciiis ih c u n o j ci n p wih ora trt ûlng ofaf m a c r wih t EEOC;i doe no i udepa tcpa i i an t fe he i or l ha ge t he t s t ncl ri i tng n e oye ' it r ,i hous i si ton, ond t a r fom af m a c r wiht mpl rs n e nal n- e nve tga i c uc ed pa t r or l ha ge t he EEOC. E. 0. v Tot S t m Se vi s I .221F. 1 71 1 74( 1h Ci. ' E. C. . al ys e ' r ce , nc, 3d 1 , 1 1 t r 2000) Theei . r s no que ton t ,a t tm e Pli ifr l ye t c si hat t he i antf e a d he ompl i s no EEOC c geha bee fl d. ant , har d n ie Thus De e ntmai ai t tPl i ifc , f nda nt ns ha antf nnno e t ih acli unde t pari pa i c a e t sabls am r he tci ton l us . Pl n ifdoesnotdiput t tno EEOC c r wasfld. Howe r Pl ntf as e t t aitf s e ha ha ge ie ve , ai if s rs hat t hol ng ofTot S t m a no l rbegood 1w be a e ofs e he di al ysem y onge a c us ubs quentSupr m eCour e t de sons Howe r Pl i ifhasnotexpli d how t ede sonsc ng t El nt cii . ve , antf a ne hos cii ha e he eve h Cic tshol ngt tt flng ofa EEOC c r i a r quie e ofac am t rt r ui' di ha he ii n ha ge s e r m nt l i mde he pa tci ton caus . Furhe m or , heElvent Cicui r c ze t sa gume a de lne t ri pa i l e t r et e h r t e ogni d hi r nt nd ci d o add es i by notng t tç r st i ha ç undert pro pa p ec dentr l , we a ebo by ea le pa he i r nel r e ue r und ri r nel hol ngs... e sanduntlt y a eoverul e ba orby t Supr Cour.' Br s v. di unl s i he r r ed n nc he eme t' u h Se sHol n Cor ,466Fed.App' 781 785n. ( 1h Ci. 2) Noneof heSuprmeCour ar dig p. x , 5 1 t r 201 . t e t c s sdt d byPli ifc e ry ove r et EEOC c ger quie e oft pm i i to ca e. ae e antf l a l r ul he har e r m nt he cpai n lus l f c ,t c s sr i d upon by Pli ifea a es is so he t n t EEOC c r n a t he a e ele antf ch ddr s s ue t r ha he ha ge r uie nt Se Thomps v NorhAme i St nl s , LP,- U. -,1 S. . ( 1 eq r me . e on . t rcan ai e s S. 31 Ct 863 201 ) ( di afa éewhowasaleg ytr i r t iton atrhi ta étl ac r of hol ng inc l edl sed n ealai fe s s nc ied hage dicrmi tonwiht EEOC hassandi t s unde Til VI asana re dpes ; s i nai t he t ng o ue r te 1 gg ive ron) Ka tnv S itGob nPef r n ePlsisCo p. U. -,1 1S. .1 2 ( 01 )(o dn se . an - ai ro ma c a t c r ,- S. 3 Ct 3 5 2 1 h l ig ta tea t-eaito p o ii no t eFLSA icu e o a c mplit t e ly r; a f r h t h nirt l in r v so f h a n ld s r l o an s o mpo e ) Cr w o d v v Merpoia Go e n n o s vled Da is nCo ny T n es e 5 5U. 2 . . to l n v r me t fNa h i r vd o u t e n se , 5 S. 71 t l ( 9)( di t tt o iinclus co rda e o whos keouta uts xual 200 hol ng ha he pposto a e vee n mplyee po bo e ha as m en by a w erng que tonsdurng a i e vi w , butno on he ow n i ta i ,durng r s t ns i si i n nt r e t r nii tve i e oye ' i er li siai ofahaa s ntcompli ) mpl rs nt na nve tg ton rsme ant.Thus unde ElvenhCic tlw, , r e t r ui a Pli ifhasf ie t e t ih ac am unde t pa tcpa i clus . antf a ld o sabls l i r he ri i ton a e Pl it ca n t t bihaCl m Un e t Op sto Clu e an t n o Esa l s ai d r he po i n a s i De e f ndantalo ague t tPli ifc s r s ha antf anno esabls acli unde t opposton c a e t t ih am r he ii l us b c u eP an ifddn t v as b e tv l a do a o j cieyr aon b eg o fihb le e a s litf i o ha e u j ciey n / r n b e tv l e s a l o d at eif t tDefnda e age i unl wf e oy e pr c iesa be a e Pl i ifdi notpa tke ha e nt ng d n a ul mpl m nt a tc nd c us antf d ra i sat o iy pr ece a tviy whe s r pore t ale d dic i naor aci aspar of n t ut rl ot td c i t n he e td he lge s rmi t y tons t h r obr s o sbite .Plitf rs n t a s eh ss o ta s eh das b e tv l a d e j e p n i l is an if epo ds h t h a h wn h t h a u j ciey n i o j cieyr a o a l g odfi b le ta Dee d n ha e g g di u lwf l mpo me t be tv l e s n b e o at eif h t fn a t d n a e n n a u e ly n h pr tc s Pli iff t r s aci e . antf urher e pondst tt s c le i a ge Rul ' snotsilvi bl a trt ha he o- a ld t na r e'i M tl a e fe he S p e Co r' Cr w o dd cso a d e e i i we e s ewa a tn o ti eo h r o u rme u ts a f r e ii n n , v n f t r , h s cig u sd f e j b rs e ponsbiii whe s r td t c pli st t La Reltonsde t t i ltes n he epore he om a nt o he bor a i parmen . l Cr w o d,heSu rmeCo r n tdt a t etr ç p s , a u e i Til Vl, n a f r t pe u t oe h t h em û po e' s s d n te I o ' me nsi o r ss ora a ze ..t c end a i t t confon ;r it wihsa .' 555U . a a l e it nt goni .; o ont t gans; o r t ess; t t nd ' S. t 27 W ih t sde to i mi i Br h v Se sHol ng Cor ., 466 Fe App' 781, 6. t hi fnii n n nd, n us . ar di p d. x 787 ( 1hCi. 2 ,heElve hCic ta id t t a rRul 'whihhol t ta 1 t r 201 ) t e nt rui pple he d nage e' c ds ha M ma a e n e o e wh ,nt c u s o h rn r l o pef r nc , ia r e o o p s s n g me t mply e o i he o re f e o ma j b ro ma e d s g e s r p o e t a onsofa e pl rdoesnote gei pr t de aci t unde Til V1. To S iy a he di n m oye nga n o e d tviy r te I ç f s qual çr tce a tvt a e l y emus c o stel efo b i a e o e te fr n h r o p oe td cii n mp o e y' t r s h i rm eng n mply e p ro mi g e j b n . . . t a e l y el gngap ro a c mpan .'f . q oi Mc n i v Re b r ' I c, 4 o n mp o e od i es n l o lit' # ( u tng Ke ze . n eg s n .9 ' , F. 1 ,1 6( 0t Ci.1 (ttngt ta e oye i notti ultdfom r tlai f 3d 478 48 1 h r 996) sai ha n mpl e s lns ae r eaiton or pa tdpa i i aci te whi h a enet ra r et t c ri tng n tvii s c r ihe dve s o he ompa nors ny uppori o adve s tve f re rg t u d rtesau ewhiha ea s re a ans t ec mp n ) s eas Ha nv Ec o tr ihs n e h ttt c r s etd g i t h o a fl ; e lo ga . h sa Satlie L. C. 5 F. 61 628( h Ci.2008)( di t tvoii e oye co e i elt, L. , 29 3d 7, 5t r hol ng ha cng mpl e nc ms s nota re t ac dve s o ompa si e essbuti e c l wha i e c e ofam a e ;ot wie ny' nt r t s xa ty t s xpe t d nag r her s n al e eya tvt i t en r l o reo ama a e 'j bwo dp tnilyb p oe td e ry v r cii n h o ma c u s f n g rs o ul o e tal e r tce y a t iy .W hl Pli tf ag e t a t eS p e Co r' d cso i Cr w o dt v s eae ' ci t ) ie anif r u s h t h u rme u ts e iin n a f r ç ic rtd' v e t eM a a e Rul, u hwa d cd dmo et a t y asa trCr w o da Br s e piil h n g r e Br s s e ie r h n wo e r fe a f r nd u h x l t cy rj ce ta ag me t Br s , 6 Fe . p' a 7 7(ttn t a Cr w o d h sn t o e ls d ee td h t r u n . u h 4 6 d Ap x t 8 saig h t a f r a o f rco e t M a ge Rul) he na r e. Def nda a guest tPli tf sa tonswe enotpr t de a tviy bec us pas i on e nt r ha a n if c i r o e d ci t a e sng t As o its c mplit o ds rmiainwa pa4o h r o r s o sb l is Un e te he s cae ' o an s f ici n to s l f e j b e p n iii e . d r h t Open DoorPolc Pl i ifwa r quie t r c vea As ocit c i y, antf s e r d o e ei ny s a e ompl nt .De e ai s f ndants ' Dic i nai n & Har s m e Pr venton Polc r quiesam a erwho r cevesar por ofa s rmi to a s nt e i iy e r nag e i e t p si ev oai no tepoiyt çmme itl rpo t u hc n u tot ea pr prat lv lf o sbl i lto f h l o ' d aey e r s c o d c t h p o i e e e o c i manageme f i tgai ' (mpha i i orgi l.A fiur t rpor byame rof nt or nvesi ton.' e ss n i na) al e o e t mbe m a ge e ca r s ti t r i ton. The Polc s a est tt ç ppr i t l velof na m nt n e ul n e m na i i y t t ha he t opra e e a m a ge e 'i ude t Fi l Logitc Hum a Res c M a na m nt' ncl s he ed sis n our es nage ,Em pl r oymentAdvior s , M a ketHum mzRes ce M a ge ,Re o lH um a Res c s M a ge , Pe e D iec or r our s na r gi na n our e na r or opl r t . Th s a p r o h r o r s nsbite , anif dt r c ieAso it c mp an sa dp s u , s a t f e j b e po i l is Plitf ha o e ev s cae o lit n a s i t c he ompli son t t a opra ema ge .Thi i exa ty wha Pl ntf di The e i no ant o he ppr it na r s s cl t ai if d. r s e de et tPl i ifdi a yt ng mor t n pas on t As oca ec pl nt .The e i no vi nc ha antf d n hi e ha s he s it om ai s r s e de e t ti r pori t c pl nt s e es e a a ee e w ih t s t nc oft vi nc ha n e tng he om ai s he xpr s d ny gr m nt t he ubsa e he c ompli so t ts t k aposton i lnewih t As ocit s Pli ifsm pl r l ye a ant r ha he oo ii n-i t he s a e . antf i y e a d m e s ,a s wasr uie t do a a As it n M a ge . Unde t de i ton ofio s age s he eq r d o s n ss a t na r r he fnii çppos ' e' s t u i Cr w o d rlyigame s g t a o i rq ie t rlyb h r o r s nsbl is e o t n a f r , ea n sa e h t ne s e u rd o ea y e j b e po i ite i doe nota ou t apr e d a viy. s m nt o otde di t W h l Plitf ag e t a s ewe tb y n h r o d te b rp ri t d srmi to ie anif r u s h t h n e o d e j b u is y e o t he ic i nain ng t La rReltons Def nda ' wrte polc e i c t o he wie. Pl ntf m ant i t the o bo a i . e nts it n ii s ndi ae t r s ai if i ans ha r r ponsbiiy wa t r po tt As oca es c es i lt s o e r he s it ' ompl i sofdic i i ton t he sor m a ger ant s rm na i o r t e na , El n,ora c m a vi o- nage a by goi ove El n' he d a r pori t LaborRe ai ns r nd ng r vi s a nd e tng o l to Pli ift a a s poston t Def nda . Se DE- a 1 Thus, antf a guest ts a ntf ook n dvere ii o e nt e 55 t 2. Pl i if r ha he wa pa tki i pr eced a tviy.Howe r De e ntsw rten polcy r quied Pli ift s ra ng n ot t c i t ve , f nda ' it i e r antf o r por a dicrm i ton t pe eouti t i e a e sor hir r hy. De e nts e t ny s i na i o opl sde he mm dit t e e a c f nda ' Dic i i ton & Ha as me Pr ve i Polc doesnotls t sor m a s rm na i r s nt e nton iy it he t e nage orc m a ge s r o- na r a a ç ppr prae lvelofm a ge e ' f rr po tngcli sofdic i i ton.Furhe mor s n l o it e a na m nt' o e ri am s rm na i t r e, Pl i ift si d t tt compl ni As oc aesm e i d t uni whe t y c pli d. antf e tEe ha he ai ng s i t ntone he on n he om a ne Thus u , nderDef nda ' polc e ,Pl i ifwa oblg t d t r por t co pl nt t La e nts ii s antf s i a e o e t he m ai s o bor Reltons Co e a i . ns quenty,des t Pl i ifst si ony,Pl i ifdi notse S t i ofhe l pie antf e tm antf d t p t sde ou r a sg e r s o sblt , o co st el fo p ro migh r o t l d igap ro a sin d e p n iiiy' r r s h i r m e fr n e j b o o gn e s n l ' ne co pl nt whe s we ove t sor lvelma m ai , n he nt r he t e e nage tt r tt c am sofdic i i ton men o epor he l i s rm na i t La Rea i .I f c ,s wa a tngwihi he r s nsbiii sa Pl ntf r c z d o bor ltons n a t he s ci t n r e po i lte nd ai if e ogni e ta wh n s et siidt a s ec udb s be t odicpl ei s fie t rp r t e h t e h e tfe h t h o l e u jc t s i i f he ald o e o th n di c i i ton. Se Pl D e 1 1 1 3;11 23-1 1 Be a e Pl i tf c nnote t bls s rm na i e . p. 01: 7- 02: 9: 20: . c us a n if a sa i h t ts parook i pr t c e ac i t Pl i if c nnotes a i h an e s nta el m e ofhe prm a ha he t n o e t d tviy, a ntf n t bls s e i l e nt r i 15 f ci ca e unde t opposto ca e.Be a ePl ntf ha f ie t e tbls he prm af i a e s r he ii n lus c us ai if s a ld o sa ih r i ace c e t Cour nee nota r s t r s oft M c as , he t d dd e s he e t he Donne lDou asa l i . l- gl na yss Acc di y,i i her or ngl t s eby OR DER ED t t ha : 1 Dee d n W a- r' Mo inf rFia S mmayJ d me t( 4 )i GRANTED. . fn a t lMa ts to o n l u r u g n DE- 9 s 2.A l pe ngm otonsnotot r s r e upon a e DENI asm oo . l ndi i he wie ul d r ED t 3 Th Co r wile traspaae u g n . . e u t l ne e rt j d me t 4. Thi c e i CLO SED . s as s DONE a ORDERED i M i , orda on t s nd n ami Fl i , hi da ofAprl 201 y i, 3. PA TRI A .SEl Z CI UN I TED STA TES D I STRI J D GE CT U Co e t pis o Al Couns lofRec d l e or 16
]]>
Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You
should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google
Privacy Policy and
Terms of Service apply.
