Arch Insurance Company et al v. NCL (Bahamas) Ltd. d/b/a Norwegian Cruise Line, No. 1:2011cv20577 - Document 76 (S.D. Fla. 2012)
Court Description: ORDER granting 65 Defendant's Amended Motion for Summary Judgment, Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 10/15/2012. (lh)
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Arch Insurance Company et al v. NCL (Bahamas) Ltd. d/b/a Norwegian Cruise Line Doc. 76 UNI TED STATES DI STRI COURT CT SO U TH ER N DI STRI T O F FLO R I C DA CASE N O.11 20577- V- TZ/ M ONTON Cl SEI SI ARCH I NSUM NCE COM PANY a nd NAVI GATORSM ANAGEM ENT ( UK) LTD . , Pl i if , a ntf s NcL ( BAHAM AS) LTD.db/ /a NORwEGI c s LNE AN RèlE I , Def nda . e nt / ORDER GRANTI DEFENDANT' AM ENDED M OTION FOR SUM M ARY NG S JU DG M EN T THI M ATTER c m ebe o e t Cour upon Def nda ' Am e d M oton f Summ a y S a f r he t e nts nde i or r J dg n ( 6 jPli if, oa etee c s l blt i u e s o ac n e so ar ta p o ie u me t DE 5 . antfswh r h x e s i i y ns rr f r o c si n ie h t r vd s a i s s vieson NCL cr s s ps s ek co rbuton and ori m niy fom NCL f mai e nc pa er c uie hi , e nti i / nde t r or ntna e a dc r padt t ec n e so ie se o e f rij re h s san dwhi wo ki o a NCL n u e i o h o c sinar ' mply e o n u is e u tie l r ng n n e s i.Upo rviw o t De e d n ' M oin ( 6 1 P an ifsRe p n e( 7 , fn a ts hp n e e fhe fn a ts to DE 5 , litf s o s DE 41Dee d n ' Re l ( 7 2 a dterc r teCo r wi g a t py DE 5 , n h e o d,h u t l rn NCL' M o infrS mmayJ d me t e a s l S to o u r u g n b c u e t a ee nt t t gove ns t r a i hi bewe n t c e sona r and NCL c a ns a he gr me ha r he eltons p t e he onc s i ie onti pr sont t r Pli if fom s e ngconti to nd ori m niyfom N ct f ant na e ovii ha ba s a ntf s r e ki rbu i na / nde t r aorm i e nc a c epa dt t co e sonar se oy Ass h,heCour wil r c NCL' a tr tve nd ur i o he nc s i ie' mpl ee. uc t t lnot ea h S le na i g o n f rs mmayj g n t a Plitfsa e b re fo s e ig c nrb to fo NCL r u d o u r ud me t h t an if r ard r m e kn o tiu in r m be a et conc s i ie,n s ti t m ant na a c ecli sagans i i t unde l ng c us he e sona r i etlng he i e nce nd ur am i t t n he ryi saec u t ci n ddn te tn us NCL' l bit a t ealg dj it o te s r tt o r a to , i o x ig ih S i l y s h le e on t rfa o . a i Dockets.Justia.com L BACKGROUND Sti Tr nsoc a Lt (s ene' Pli if 'i urd, r t as aboadDee nt ener a - e n, d. ç i r), antfs ns e ope aed pa r fnda st NCL' c ie s p,t Norwe an Cr S nzs hi he gi own. On Fe a y 22,2006,Danny Si ps n,a ft s bnlr m o ines isr co e ly db Sen r s san dp ro a ij re wh nh sip da df lo awe to r n tu t r mpo e y tie, u tie es n l nu is e e lp e n el n tl o ont No e an Cr he nv gi own.I i uncea fom t r c d whet rt ar ai whih Si on f l wa t s l r r he e or he he e n c mps el s p r o t es a( 1a ! 1 )o wa at o nae 'o t es i ( 7 a 2, 7 . a t f h p DE t 1 r s ç mmo r a' f h hp DE 4 t ! ) c Att tm eofSi on' a i t t r l to hi be we n St i randNCL,i l ngt he i mps s ccden ,he e ai ns p t e e ne nc udi he pa tes oblgai t St ne ' e pl es wa gove nedbyt Ame ri ' i tons o ei r s m oye , s r he ndeda ResaedConc s i nd t t e son Age me t n e so re n ' ( 6 - 11 eCo c sinAg e me t r v d sh t tie r e n Cfo c sinAge me t' DE 5 1. Th n e so re n p o i e ta S en r ) mu t iti tes c iu e i ace n o d ry a ds ntr c n t n.DE 6 - a 3 .Ho v r s manan h pa e t s s n la , r el, n a iay o dio ( 5 1 t j we e, i t eAge me t lopr vd st t h r e n as o ie ha NCL i rs o sbef rs e iga dpoihigtefo r.fd.. s e p n il o we pn n ls n h lo s l j Aferhi a ci nt Si on s d St i ra NCL i Fl i sa ecour t r c rf rt t s c de , mps ue ene nd n orda tt t o e ove o he ij re h s fee ( 7 2 . As a an tS en r mps n a s re cams f rJ n s Ac nu is e u frd. DE 4-2 g i s tie ,Si o s etd li o o e t neglge e uns a t ne s a m ant na eand c e. W ih r pe t NCL,Si on a s re i nc , e worhi s , nd i e nc ur t es ct o mps s e td acai f uns aworhi s Prort til St i s tl d t m antna e a c ecli a i t l m or e t nes . i o ra , ener e te he i e nc nd ur a ms gans i.DE 652 . L s ta tr emo tsa trSti e stld a db f r t til e a , r a h d t( - 2 e s h n h e nh fe en r ele , n e oe he ra b g n NCL e c e iso s tlme t g e me t n r c i e ag n rl ee s fo Smp o ( 6 3 . t wn e t n a r e n a d e ev d e ea r la e r m i s n DE 5-) e Su s q e ty t ec s p o e d dt aj r til n Smp o sr manig u s tldcams b e u nl ,h a e r c e e o u y ra o i s n' e i n , n et li e f r o s t gie ea du s a rh n s a ans Sen r T tilu g p e i igo e tec s o l ne Ac ne l nc n n e wo ti e s g i t tie . he raj d e r sdn v rh a e g 1 eCo csinAg e me tsb t e NCL a dMa d r Sp ( us I)( 6 1a l.Ac odigt a Th n eso re n i ewen n n aa a Crie I DE 5- t 1 c r n o n afi viby Rober Boehm,Exe utveViePr i n ,Ge alCo el a Sec ea yofSt ne Leilr Li t tda t t c i c esde t ner uns , nd r tr ei r sze mied, Ma d r a dSene Trn - e n Lt aeidrc, ol- wn ds sdaiso Scn rLesr Li td ( 7 n aa n ti r a soc a , d. r n ie twh l o e ub iire f tie iue mi .DE 4 y e 3. 1 2 nz dt a NCL c u dn tb lse o t ev r it o m wi S ene. DE 7 9a 2 ) Th j r t n l ht e o l o e itd n h ed c f r t ti r ( 4- t 2 . e u y he h r t ne a ve di fndi t tSt i ral wa ne i ntand a r Si ps $9, 000 i eur d r ct i ng ha ene one s glge wa ded m on 486, n d ma e .( 6 - 1 W hiep ttilmo inswee p n n ,Smp o ,S ene,a d Sen rs a g s DE 5 4 . l os-ra to r e dig i s n ti r n tie ' i u es i ldngt eP an if, a t iae i ame ain ( 1a ! 21 2 1 I se do watn ns rr,ncu i h litfsp ri p td n dito .DE t ! , 3 . n ta f iig c f r na j dc to ofh p s-ra moi n a dte in c say a pe ln t e u yvedc, ti e o a du iai n t e o ttil to s n h n,f e e sr , p aig h j r r itS en r s tldwi Smp o f ra u d s ls ds m.f ) et e t i s n o n n ico e u (#.. h The ea tr Pli if ca t t sCour a s dNcL f i mniya orc rbutonf r fe , antf s me o hi t nd ue or nde t nd/ onti i or M an e a c a d Cur ( u t1 a dPe s n l nu yt u tI)f rd ma e p i t Smps n o itn n e n e Co n ) n ro a Ij r co n I o a g s ad o i o n b h l o S en r ( 1. Plitfsas a s re ab e c o c nr c cam t u t11 o te e af f tie . DE ) an if lo se td r a h f o ta t li co n 1) n h g o n t a NCL' alg db e c o t eCo c sin Ag e me tc u e Smp o sij e .f .. ru d h t S le e r a h f h n e so r e n a s d i s n' nmi s g#) La t ,Plitfss u h e u tbl s b o ai n f rt eman e a c a d c r a d p ro a ij r sl anif o g t q ia e u r g to o h itn n e n u e n e s n l nu y y d ma e ( u tI , u s bs q e tywih rw t i cam a d piaieo ohes (#; 1 a a g s Co n V) b t u e u nl t d e h s li s u lc tv f t r.f .DE 4 t 1 ) NCL mo e t d s s al li ,e c p frCo n 1 ( 11.Th Co r g a td NCL' 9. v d o imis l cams x e t o u t . DE ) e u t r n e S mo inwihp eudc ( 2 1 Cu rn l p n i b f r teCo r i NCL' Ame d dM oinf r to t rj ie DE 0 . re t e dng eo e h u ts y S n e to o Sum ma y J r udgme a t t s e r i ng cai f c rbuton a or i m niy f nt s o he ol ema ni l m or onti i nd/ nde t or M ane a c a Cu e( u tI.DE 6 1 itn n e nd r Co n ) ( 5 . I .DI I SCUSSI ON 4.Le St gal andar d , S mmay j d me t i a prp it wh n çh pla ig , d p sto s a s r t u r u g n s p o rae e i e e dn s e o iin , n we s o t i erog t i ,a a isons on fl t t rwih t a fda t ,i a s nt r a ores nd dm s i ie, ogehe t he fi vis f ny, how t tt r i no ha he e s g n ieis ea t a ymaeil a t n t a t emo i pat i e t ldt aj d me t samatr e un su s o n tra fc a d h t h vng ry s ni e o u g n a t te ofl ' Ande s v.fi ry Lobb I . 477 U. 242,247 ( 986) Oncet mo ng pa t am ' r on be t y, nc, S. 1 . he vi ry de onsr t t abs e ofa ge ne is ofm aera f c ,t nonm taes he enc nui s ue t il a t he movi pa t mus û e ng ry tt com f wa dwih tpe fcf c ss or r t s cii a t howi t tt r i age neis f rti l''M atus t El c I . ng ha he e s nui s ue o ra .' s hia e . ndus Co v Ze ihRa oCop.47 U. 5 4 5 7 ( 9 6 ( u tn Fe R. v P. 6e ) Th Co r . . nt di r , 5 S. 7 , 8 1 8 ) q o ig d. Ci. 5 (). e u t mus viw t r co d a a1 f c ua i er nc t e r i t lg m os f vor bl t t nont e he e r nd l a t l nf e es her fom n he i ht t a a e o he movi pa t a de de whehe tthe e de pr e s a s fc e diag e men t r quie ng ry nd ci t r tt vi nce es nt ufi i nt s r e t o e r s b s int aj r o wheh ri i s o -ie t a o ep rymu t r v i a amatro lw.' u miso o u y r t e t s o nesd d h t n a t s p e al s te f a ' ' Ale v T onFoods I . 1 F.d642, ( 1hCi.1 ( i ln . ys , nc, 21 3 646 1 t r 997) quotngAnde s 477U. a 251 r on, S. t 52:. B. nal i A ys s NCL s e s mmayj d me t nt atmaieg omds Frti a s rs h t md r oh e ks u r u g n o wo le tv r t . is,t s e tt a t e b t Fl i l w a f der l a t Conc sonAr e m e bewe nt pa tespr cl Pli if fom orda a nd e a l w,he es i e nt t e he ri e udes antfs r s e ng c rbu i a ori mniy f mai ena a c epai t Si on.NCL mai ai , e ki onti ton nd/ nde t or nt nce nd ur d o mps nt ns i t at r tve t tPli if a eba r d fom s e ng c rbuton fom NCL be a eSt ne ,n n he le na i , ha a ntfs r re r e ki onti i r c us ei r i s tlng t mai e nc and cur cai s a ns i i t unde l ng sat c tc s di not e ti he ntna e e l m gai t t n he ryi t e our a e, d e tn us NCL' l bit a tealg dj ittrfa o . c u et Co r fn t t p o iin x ig ih S i l y s h le e on o te s r Be a s he u t ids ha a r vso a i i t Conce son Ag ee tba sPl ntfs fo r co rng c rbu i n a ori m niy f n he si r men r ai if r m e ve i onti to nd/ nde t or mane a ea dc r padt Si o t eCo r wil rn sl r j d me tnfv r f itn nc n u e i o mps n,h u t lg a t l mmay u g n i a o O NCLa nd wil o ra hNCL' atmaieg o ndf rs mma yj d me t ln t e c S le t r u o u r u g n . v 1.Choi ofLaw ce The i tali r i t s c s i whe he Fl i 1 w or f de alma ii e l go r nii nquiy n hi a e s t r orda a e r rtm aw ve ns Pli if 'cai f c rbuton a ori m niy f m ant na a c le Typi ly,whe t antfs l m or onti i nd/ nde t or i e nce nd tr . cal n he Co r st i a miat u idcin fd r l rt c nlc o lwsp icplsc n r l Co pe v u t i n d r lyj rs ito , e ea ma ime o tit f a rn i e o to. o r . s i 4 M e iinY c t, t.5 5F.d 1 51 1 616 ( 1hCi. 0 9 . I 2 0 ,h S prmeCo r h l rda a hs L d , 7 3 1 , 1 - 2 1 t r 2 0 )2 n 0 4 t e u e u t ed t a twq nac n rc i amaii o , n t eds u ei n tn ee tyl c lfd r la c nr l h tt he o ta t s rt ne a d h ip t s o i h rn l o a,e e a 1w o to s g me t ec n rc itmrtto 'Nof l o te nR Co v Kib 5 3U. 1 2 - 3( 0 4 . heh r h o ta tn e eain. ro ks uh r y. . . ry 4 S. 4, 2 2 2 0 ) W t e ' aco r c i ma ii ei na ur de ndsonç henaur oft con r c , st whet ri ha r f r nc nta t s rtm n t e pe s t t e he ta t a o he t s e e e e t m a ii e s r i e orm a ii e t a a tons ' I a 24. o r tm e v c s r tm r ns c i .' d. t He e,t Conce son Agr e e i m a ii e i na r be us i i a c r tf t r he si e m nt s rtm n m e ca e t s ontac or he pr vii ofs s r i sonN CL' s ps Thes viesc r c e f a ei nowa r lt dt l nd; o son pa e vce S hi . er c onta t d or r n y ea e o a t y a et bepe f m e e usvey on t s psa a s .Thus t Conce sonAgr e e i a he z o ror d xcl i l he hi nd t ea , he si e m nt s m a ii con r c .Howe r f de al a ii elw doe nota y.Thi i be us t Conc son rtme ta t ve , e r m rtm a s ppl s s ca e he es i Agr eme c ans a c ce of1w pr son s c f i t i i g m e by a s d be e nt ont i hoi a ovii pe iyng hat t s ove d nd houl itr rtdu d rFlrd lw.( 6 - a 20 .t- h g n rl uei fd r l o rsi t a s c a nep ee n e o i a a DE 5 1 t 1 tf e e e a r l n e e a c u t s h t u h gl pr so wil a i unl st saei que to hasnos tnta r a i hi t t pa te or ovii n l be ppled es he t t n si n ubsa il eltons p o he ri s t tans ci ort sae' lw c lc swih t f ndnme a pum os ofm a ii lw . Gr at he r a ton he t t s a onfit t he u nt l e rtme a ' e ' Lak sReisur ( ,PLC v Ro n,757F. zd 1 1 ( D.Fl.201 (ole tng e n ance UK) . si supp. 244, 251 S. a 0) c lci c e l. ass) Pl i if do no co e t t Fl i l c a s t i r a i hi t t pa tes antfs t nt nd ha orda a ks ubsantal eltons p o he ri . M or ver whie bot pa te t t Conc son Agr eme a e f e gn c por to ,t y ha eo , l h ris o he es i e nt r or i or a i ns he ve ofk esi Fl i NCL' prncpalpl eofbusnes i i M im i Fl i and M a r Spa,who t n orda. S i i ac i s s n a , orda nde a i Pli if 'i ur d' s i a yandasgna or t t Conc sonAgr eme ,hasofk esi Cor l s antfs ns e s ubsdir i t y o he es i e nt t n a 2 r, 1itfsh v ivo e bohteCo r' a mi l urs ito a disdv ri midcin.DE 1a Hee Panir a e n k d t h u ts d r t idcin n t iest s it ( a yj yj o t ! 45.Ho v r rgadls o h w Plitfpla sj s it n,ti ten tr o tec nrc a is eta ! ,1 we e,e r e s f o anif e d mi dci i sh au e f h o tat tsu h t o d tr n swheh rteCo r st i a miat j rs cin, n , ssc , eh rmaii lw, so po e t sae ecmie te h u t i n d rl u idito a d a u h wh te rt a a p sd o tt s y me l govens. heeaconta i mmii i na e,martmelw gove nst diput.Ot r s ,saelw aw, r W r r ct s tme n mr ii a r he s e he wie tt a c nrl.Mie e Ma i Co sr cin I . . fokDrd n Co, 0 8U.. s. S9 3 1 a * -8( D. o tos s n r rne n tu to , nc v No l e gig .2 0 S DitLEXI 5 2 , t 6 * S. Ga No e e 2 2 0 ) . v mb r 4, 0 8 . Ga ls Flrd .( 65 1 a 1 . Th Co c sin Ag e me tas p o d st ta y n tc s be , o i a DE - t ) e n e so re n lo r vie ha n o ie , de a ,o o he co muni a i gi n i c m e ton wih t Agr e e m us bes ntt N CL' m nds r t r m c ton ve n ol c i t he e m nt t e o S M imio tc a d Ma d r S as Co a Ga lso tc .Ld.a 1 1 F te ,te Co r fn si a fs e n n aa p ' rl b e fs e l t 9 . urh r h u t i d t r s bl t a y Fl i 1 bec us t unde l ng ltga i i vi Si on,NCL,a ea ona e o ppl orda aw a e he ryi ii ton nvol ng mps nd St ne ,outofwhi t i t ntc s a os oc ure i Fl i sa ec t Se Coo r,575F. ei r ch he nsa a e r e, c r d n orda t t our. e pe 3d a 11 ( r Duthc c of1w pr so coul nota yduet t pate fiur t pr de t 66 whee c hoie a oviin d ppl o he ris al e o ovi t Cour wih r lva Duth lw,Fl i 1w a ple be us Fl i wa t orgi lf u of he t t ee nt c a orda a p i d ca e orda s he i na or m tel iain, lrd h d s mef cu l o e to t t el iain, n n o h r mi dcinha h i g to F o ia a o a t a c nn cin o h i g to a d o t e j s ito d t t sr rte) Fi ly,t pa tesha noti ntfed a c lc bewe n Fl i 1w a t tonge is. nal he ri ve de i onfit t e orda a nd he f ndn nt lpu pos ofmartme lw .Thus t Co twila y Fl i lw t Pli tfs'cli u me a r e ii a , he ur l ppl orda a o a n if am f ma ntna ea c e. or i e nc nd ur 3 2. Ef e t of t fc he C onc s i e s on A gre m e e nt on Pl i i f C l m a nt f s' ai Cont i i l m niy f M ai enanceand Cur r buton/ nde t or nt e f or N CL as e t t t a pr son i t Conc son Ag e ment pr cl s rs ha ovii n he es i re e udes Pl i if fom a ntfs r r c rngconrbutona ori mniyf e ovei ti i nd/ nde t ormai e nc andcur padt Si on.Paag a 5( ntna e e i o mps r r ph B) o t eCo c sinAg e me t ( 6 - a 8 , r vd st a: f h n e so re n , DE 5 1 t ) p o ie h t CONCESSI AI her byr pr s nt t ON RE e e e e s oNcLt tiwilpurua t oUnie St tsGe a ha t l, s n t t d ae ner l M a ii eLa ber s rtm w, e ponsbl t isEmpl e a s l bede m e t e l i e o r i eo t oye s nd hal e d he xcusve mpl ye her t rf al oblga i orlabiii s i l ng butno lm ie t t e a ii fom emde or 1 i tons i lte , ncudi t i t d o hos rsng r J ones Ac neglge e c am s a t doc rne of M ai e nce a Cur s d docrne t i nc l i nd he ti nt na nd e, ai ti gene a l r quii t pa e of mediale r ly e rng he ym nt c xpens s i ured be us of i t nc of e nc r ca e nsa es ac i entoril st isEm pl e on boar t Ve s l . CONCESSI cd lnes o t oye s d he s e s ONAI s lbe RE hal r pons bl f r a be r qui e t pay,a c r buton or i m niy a a and a1 es i e o nd e rd o ny ont i i nde t nd, ny l 3 OWe ,i appe st t Cour t tt r i ltl, i a difr ncebewe Fl i lw a f r H ver t ar o he t ha he e s ite f ny, fe e t en orda a nd edeal ma ii lw wih r pe tt t it pr ttonofexc paor a i mniy pr sons Bot bodisofl r quke rtme a t es c o he ner eai ul t y nd nde t ovii . h e aw e t tt paris'i e bee e s d i cl ra uneq voca t msi or rt dicli a orlmi la lt Se eg. ha he te ntnt xpr s e n ea nd ui l er n de o s am nd/ i t ibiiy. e . Co pe, 7 F.da 1 6 - 7(p yngFlrd lw) T e it . .DrligCop.7 3F. 5 7, 40(t Ci. o r 5 5 3 t 1 6 6 a pli o ia a ; h ro v Ba i n r , 8 2d 2 5 5h r , l V 1 6 (p l n fd rl rt lw) 98 ) a pyig e ea maime a . i 6 mant na ea c eunde hege a m a ii lw . t a da eofdoubta e e i e nc nd ur rt ner l rtme a For he voi nc nd xc pt a o h r s prvie i rg a h( i hi scin,CONCESS ONAI h rb sl s s t e wie o d d npaa rp L)nt s e t 4 o I RE e e ya sl me alla lt f pa ntofm e c le ns si ur e bec us ofac i ntoril st is l i biiy or yme di a xpe e nc r d a e c de lnes o t Emplyee on boa d orwhieon s e orot r s whie s h Empl ei i t s vie o s r l hor he wie l uc oye s n he er c oft Ves e s a a ee t r mbur e N CL f a pa e s a nce by i f s h he s l , nd gr s o ei s or ny ym nt dva d t or uc e ns s NCL s lha no oblga i t a nc ,orla lt f ,pa e ofm e ca xpe e . hal ve i ton o dva e ibiiy or ym nt di l expe e r l tngt t Empl ee ofCONCESSI ns s e ai o he oy s ONAI RE. I Fl i fe ul t y pr sons whih a tmpt t r le a pa t ofhi or he own n orda, dxc paor ovii c te o e ive ry s r ne i nc a ege a l l duponwihdifxoï'sunn s e M a na, nc v Adul , So. glge e r ner ly ooke t sa .' yl l s ri I . . ami706 2d 9 922( a. r DCA 1 )( ttonsomitd) çsuc pr sons howe r ha be f t 20, F1 3 d 998 ciai te . f h ovii , ve, ve en ound o be vai a e or a e by Fl i c t wher t i en i i m a c e ra unequi al' ld nd nf ce bl orda ours e he nt ton s de l a nd voc .' Coo r 575 F.d a 11 67.Spe ii aly,i or rt bee or ed, hewor ng oft e ul t y pe , 3 t 66c fc l n de o nf c t di he xc pa or pr vii û tbes cl ra undert nda et ta or na ya knowl dge bl parywilknow o son û mus o ea nd sa bl ha n di r nd e a e t l wha he i con r c i awa ' I a 11 s e Zige Cr Re al,I v Doubl W I sre , t s ta tng y. d. t 67; e e r ane nt s nc. . ' e ndu tis l c, 6S 3 9 7 91 ( l. t DCA 2 0 ) h l n id mnt ca s e f r e b eb c u eisems n .1 o.d 0 , 4 F a 4h 0 9 ( odig n e i lu e n o c a l e a s t tr y ce rya une voc l pr vi d t t ge r c r t i e la l nd qui aly o de hat he ne al ontacor nt ndedt i mniyac a ls or o nde f r ne e s a i tt l s ' o neglge e ;Cai v Bank 93 So. 575,579 ( a.5t DCA 2006) gans he esors wn i nc ) n . a, 2 2d Fl h ( di t ta e ul t y clus t ta ol t defnda oft ny a a1la lt cams hol ng ha n xc paor a e ha bs ved he e nt ç nd l ibiiy, li , a d ma ds a dc u e o a to wh to v r'ncu e t eplitf n g ie c a to l. e n , n a s s f cin as e e 'i ld d h an ifs e lg n e cin ) I t i t ntc e,hepr son a i s i s fcinty ce a t mbi n he nsa as t ovii t s ue s ufi e l lar nd mn guouss h t ta uc ha n 4 rga h( )ofh Co c sinApe me tg 6 - a 1 Jwhihi n trlv n t teis e pee td Paa rp L te n e so e n,DE 5 1 t 0, c s o ee a to h su s rsne heei pr dest t r n, ovi ha NCL mayi iss ediceton mait i aqualfedme ca docoronboar e h Veselwhiet Ves e i n t ol s r i n an ii di l t d ac s l he s l s ats a,a s h docorwilbea lbl t rnde m e c a tntont Em plye ofCON CESSI e nd uc t l vaia e o e r dial te i o o es ONA I RE t t s exenta lbl t NCL' c e nembes.NCL s l ovi a no c get t o he ame t vaia e o S rm r halpr de, t har o he Conc sonaie t us ofiss pboar medialf iii f us byt Empl es Al c t orex ns s es i r , he e t hi d c acltes or e he oye . l oss pe e i uredbyNCL r ai t me ca srvc ora tntonr nder t CONCESSI nc r eltng o di l e ies te i e ed o ONAI S e oyee RE' mpl s whieof heVe s s lbec gedt t ac ntofCONCESSI l ft s el hal har o he cou ONAI Not ng i t sPa a aph RE. hi n hi r gr s l de medalmiai orwai oft parisr peci rght a oblgai s tf t i Pa a aph halbe e i tton ver he te es tve i s nd i tons e orh n r gr 5( a v o oh r s h ri. C) bo e r tewie een Paa rp 5 C)i as n t ee a toteis si ti cs . rg a h ( s lo o rlv n t h sue n hs ae 7 or na y a knowl di r nd edge pe s woul know t the or s i c r c i a y c rbu i r on d ha he s onta tng wa onti ton/ i m niy cai f rmai e nc a c esa i tNCL wih r s ct o St i ' e pl e .The nde t l ms o nt na e nd ur ga ns t e pe t eners m oye s pr son e e sy pr dest tSt ne çs lbe r ponsbl f a be r r d t pa a ovii xpr s l ovi ha ei r lhal es i e or nd equie o y, ny c rbu i ori mniya an andal mai e onti ton nde t nd, y l ntnanc andc eunde t ge r martme/ ' e ur r he ne al ii Jw. ' (mp a i a d d .Th p o ii ng e o t saet t en rG s u sa 1 i ii frp y n o e h ss d e ) e r v so o s n o tt ha Stie Q s me l l lt o a me t f a ab y m e ca expe e i uredbe aus ofa c de oril s t isEmpl yee onboa dorwhieons e di l ns s nc r c e c i nt lne s o t o s r l hor o ot r s whies h Empl ei i t s r c oft Ves e s a a e t r i bureNCL f r r he wie l uc oye s n he e vie he s l , nd gr es o em s o a pa m e sad nc d by i f s h e ns . NCL s lha no oblgaton t adv e or ny y nt va e t or uc xpe es hal ve i i o anc , l bit o , a me t f dc l x e e r ltdt t eEmply e o ( tie l'(mph ssa d d . i lyf r p y n o me ia e p ns s eae o h a i o e s f S en r. e a i d e ) ' The pr so dicl ms la lt notonl i a st ton whe e a St ne empl ovii n s ai ibiiy y n iua i r ei r oyee s N CL f ues or man e a c a dcte a Plitfsa g ( 7 a 89 , u as wh r Sen ro Plitfs a itn n e n t , s an if rue DE 4 t -1 b t lo ee tie r an if, s r St i r ss ogr es s e conti ton a o i m niyf mai ena ea c epad t aSt ne ene ' ubr e , e k rbu i nd/ r nde t or nt nc nd ur i o ei r e oyee I pa tc a ,t pl i lngua oft pori t tpr de t tPli if 'i ur d mpl . n riulr he an a ge he tons ha ovi ha antfs ns e t su sa1ib l f' n h sço. .ibit f r'heme ia e pe s so S en rse o e sa d t s me 1la ii a d a t . l l y o 't a t n a i dc l x n e f t ie ' mply e n t tSt i ri r ponsbl f ra i r quie t pa ( a a 1 ant nanc a c e'clarya ha ene s es i e o nd s e r d o y t nd 1 m i e any e nd ur ' e l nd unequi aly ba Pli if 'cai he ei f rc rbuton and/ i m niy f m ant nc a voc l r antfs l m r n o onti i or nde t or i ena e nd Cur .6 e 5M ait nceand c ei det e asf , me ca ca e andl ng.se Gr Lak sor geandooc ur s u d ood di l r , n ena odgi e eat e ed k Co v T n e Ro etWat l r 92F.d 1 0 ,1 0 ( lhCi.1 9 ) . . a k r b r tMie , 3 1 2 1 7 l t r 9 6 . l 6 li if mait i t tiwoul beil ca t i e r t pori oft pr son t tr quiesSt ne t P antfs n an ha t d logi l o ntm et he ton he ovii ha e r ei r o pa c nrb to a did mnt a rq ii Sen rt ma eto ep y nst isl.DE7 a 9 .Th Co r y o tiuin n n e i s e urng tie o k h s a me t o tef( 4 t ) e u t y agr s buts h a i e prt to i neihe compeld b t lngua oft pr sonnordoe i rnde t ee , uc n ntr e ain s t r le y he a ge he ovii s t e r he pr son a guous Thi pa toft pr so s dbe i e p ced,c se w iht r s oft clus a a ovii mbi . s r he oviin houl ntr r t onsitnt t he e t he a e, s n ac knowldgm e by St nert i N CL i f nd la et a St ne e pl e frm ai ena a c eandm a e nt ei hat f s ou ibl o ei r m oye o nt nce nd ur kes t epa nt,St ne mus pa NCL conti in ori mniy f t mai e hos yme s ei r t y rbuto nde t or he ntnancea cze,i l ngmedial nd lr ncudi c expe e ,t tNCL pai t t St nere o ns s ha d o he ei mplyee. 8 TheCour fndst Elve hCic tsopi oni Coo r, F. 11 ,nsnltve.I t t t i he e nt r ui' ni n pe 575 3d 51 i t c i n ha c e,a s p ca an s t s powne a welashi ma ii e e pl r a he c as hi pt i ued he hi r s l s rtm m oye , not r ompan t t y ha ma a e t es p a d i ce a dt es i i r m,o rc ve d ma e frij re h s f rd n g d h hi n t rw, n h hp, n e t e o r a g s o n u is e ufe e s a dt s p.Thede e boar he hi f ndan st n fld at r pa t compl i agans t s pbuide , hes p t he ie hid- ry ant i t he hi l r t hi de i r a t de i r sAm e i nafii t f neglge ea src la lt i co c i wih sgne , nd he sgne ' rca flae or i nc nd tit ibiiy n nne ton t tec pan' ij re . ed f n a t s tldwi tec pana dt ns ug trc veyi t fr h a ti s n u is Th e e d n s e t t h a ti n he o h e o r n he o m e h ofi emniy, rbuton,a e t bl s oga i fom t s pbuide ,t s p desgne ,a nd t conti i nd quia e ubr ton r he hi l r he hi i r nd t d i rsAm e i n a fla e f t mone t def nt pad t t c pt i i s tlm e s he esgne ' rca fiit or he y he enda s i o he a an n e te nt. The s powne a gue t t a lm ia i of la lt pr son i is c r c wih t hi r r d ha i t ton ibiiy ovii n t onta t t he s pbuide di nota y t isc am sag ns t s pbuiderf conti i ndemni e t bl hi l r d ppl o t l i ai t he hi l or rbutoii î/ quia e s bog t n f rte d ma e ta te s i wn rpad t t e c pti ij rd o te s i Th u r ai o h a g s h t h hpo e i o h a an n u e n h hp. e o p o iina is esae t a t-l Bule s al a en la iiywh to v r o a yl so a g r vso ts u ttd h tçlhe i r h lh v o ib l ld t as e e f r n os rd ma e diec l a ii fom t de eci nes orde i e y ofpa t . . xc pti r uli fom i en i r ty rsng r he f tve s fcinc rs . e e f es tng r nt tonal conduc or g os ne i nc oft Buide orhi s r nt . Li lt oft Buide f l s of t r s glge e he l r s e va s abiiy he l r or os busne s l sofpr s c e ntald i s , os oft, ons que i amage orot r(ndiec)dama ,howe r i awa s he i r t ges ve , s l ys e ude ... 1 a 1159.Thes powne mai ai t tt l k ofan s ii l uagei t xcl d ' d. t ' hi r nt ned ha he ac y pecfc ang n he p o iin lmiig tela ii o t es ib id rf risn g ie c ( rsrc l bii )i c u ig r v so i tn h iblt f h hp u le o t e lg n e o tit i l y n a sn y a t p ro a ij r t atidpa t (..hec pti) e ee teca s t n o c a l.1 a 1 6 .The es n lnu y o hr ry ie t a an rnd rd h lu e me f re be d. t 1 7 Elv nh Cic i rj ce te a g me th l n t a te p o so wa s fiin l ce r a d e e t r ut ee td h r u n odig h t h r viin s u fce ty la n une voc l a t r or ba r t s powne ' c rbuton, i mniy, and e t bl qui a nd, he ef e, red he hi rs onti i nde t quia e s ogai cai sagans t s pbuide f t damage t s powne pai t t ca ai I ubr ton l m i t he hi l r or he s he hi r d o he pt n. d. a 11 t 68. 9 I i not worh t te nt t s e ty ha ve hought pr sona i s i Coo r,i t onei t i t nt he ovii t s ue n pe lke he n he nsa c e,doe not e es l ba co rbuton o i mniy cli ,t Elve h Cic t f as s xpr sy r nti i r nde t a ms he e nt r ui ound i t s t i l cl rt e m pas t ec am s Thus i lnewih Coo r,hepr so i t i t nt ufk enty ea o nco s hos l i . ,n i t pe t ovii n n he nsa c e i a s cla a t as s lo e r nd mambi uous a i une voca l sa e t tSt ne i r s g s t qui ly t t s ha ei r s e ponsbl f a 1 i e or 1 m ant nc a ctr f ise pl esand t tNCL ha no la lt f t pa e ofmedial i ena e nd le or t m oye ha s ibiiy or he ym nt c e ns t St i r s e oye . The pr son ne d notr f r e co rbuton ori m niy xpe es o ene ' mpl es ovi i e e e enc nti i nde t bec us t it ntt tN CL notbehel la ef ma ntnanc and czeandt m e c lexpe e a e he n e ha d ibl or i e e tr he di a ns s i e es l sa e a ass h,ne s rl i l s c rbuton a i mniy cai sf t s xpr sy t t d, nd, uc ces a iy nc ude onti i nd nde t l m or he SD C.7 Plitfs rla c o c Li tdpa t rhl vM o a T wigo o ia I c, 6 F.d anif'ein e nNato mie rnes p . r n o n fFlrd ,n .2 7 3 1 9 ( 1hCi. 0 ) n T a s o t na Ga PieLi Cop. . bl DrligBa g , 2 F.d 1 0 1 t r2 01 a d r n c n i tl s p ne r v Mo ie i n r e 4 4 2 ne l 6 4 (t Ci. 9 0 8smiplc d W hi te ec s ssa df r h g n r l r po iint a teitn 8 5h r 1 7 ) i s a e . l h s a e tn o t e e ea p o sto h th ne t e t i mniymus bee e s di pl n,ce r a uneq voc tr ( 74a 1 ,he dono o nde f t xprs e n ai la , nd ui al ems DE t 21 t y t s uppor Pl i if ' c e i t t t pr son a is i a bi t antfs ont nton ha he ovi i t s ue s m guous I Nat o Li td . n c mie Parnes p,heElve hCic tnotdt thei mniiai caus i at gec r c di no t rhl t e nt rui e ha t nde fc ton l e n owa onta t d t f l lh sa d r s t o t i Br wnv S ab a dco s LieRai o dca, 5 F.d 1 9( t Ci. uflte tn ad e frh n o . e o r a t n l a r 5 4 2 29 5h r 1 ,na yt tt rghtofi mniymus bee e s d i ce ra uneq voc lnguage 977) mel ha he i nde t t xprs e n la nd ui al a . Howe rt Cour a fr e heditit tsfndi ha a t ne sf esc dber c e unde ve ,he t fim dt src cour' i ngt t tor y' e oul e over d r t i mnii a i c a ebec us t ki ofda a c e by a i m niy a e nt as he nde fc ton l us a e he nds m ges over d n nde t gr eme , 1 c et Cour fndst pr soncl ra una guous i wilnotconsdert paole de Be aus he t i he ovii ea nd mbi i he r vi nce , t l p o ie b Plitfs ( 7 - )t d tr n teitn o tepat s r vd d y anif, DE 4 3,o eemie h ne t f h ri . e ' Elve h Cic thasa ed, a bi ngpr ede ,de sonsoft Fi Cicuiha d downpror The e nt r ui dopt s ndi ec nt cii he hh r t nde i t oco e 1 1 .Bo ne v Prc a d 6 F.d 1 0 ( 1hCi.1 1. o tb r , 981 n r . ih r , 6l 2 2 6 1 t r 98 ) 1 0 oppos d t t rg t i e o he i ht o ndemniy,c n be e es e i ge r l br d t r s t a xpr s d n ne a , oa e m .Thepr so i t ovii n n he Conc sonAgre nti difr ntfom t onei coLi tdparne s be a eiclarya esi e me s fe e r he nNat mie t r h+ c us t e l nd une voc lys ae t tSt i ra s e a1 i lt o antna a c lea medial xpe e qui a l tt s ha ene s um s 1labiiyf rm i e nce nd tr nd c e ns s f St i r s e pl yee . or e ne ' m o s Tr c i nt Gas#l fi Cor i as ditnguihabl fom t i tntc ebe us ans ontne al #e ne p.s lo si s e r he nsa as ca e t i m niy pr so t r ,by ist ms s he nde t ovii n he e t er , oughtt i m niy al a eoper t f l s ca ed o nde f e s aor or os es us byt ne i nc orw11 1m iconduc oft bar e owne , t i m niyt l s o r t f he glge e 11 s t he g r not o nde f he ea e pe aor or isown ne i nc Ass h,t Cou hel t t las ope aorwasnote il d t i mniy t glge e. uc he rt d hat he e e r t ntte o nde t t mdert co r c . f a 693. Howe r i t i tntc e t pr son ati s i cea a he nta t #. t ve , n he nsa as he ovii s ue s l r nd unequi a a a s h, r Pl ntfs cai sa i tNCL f conti ton an ori m n t f voc l nd, s uc ba s ai if ' l m gans or rbu i d/ nde iy or m ant na a c lepa dt Si on. i e nce nd tr i o mps 11 CONCLUSI 1. ON Fo te ra o sae a ov ,te Co r wilg a ts mmayj d me ti fv ro NCL. r h e s ns ttd b e h u t l r n u r u g n n a o f Acc di y,i i or ngl t s ORDERED THAT ()P an ifsAme d dM oi nf rSu r J d me t( 6 )i GRANTED. 1 litf n e to o mma y u g n DE 5 s ( )Th Co r wil o u rn l e trafna j d me t 2 e u t lc nc re ty n e i l u g n . ( Thi caei CLOSED. 3) s s s DONEa dORDERED i MimiFlrdao ti XV o Oco e, 2 n n a , oi n hs f tb r201 r W TZ < Cl A .SEI A S PA T UNI TED STATES DI STM CT J UDGE c c: H ono a e A ndr M .Si ont r bl ea m on Couns lofR e or e c d 11
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