Beltran v. U.S. Department of State et al, No. 1:2010cv24288 - Document 48 (S.D. Fla. 2012)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OF DECISION. Signed by Judge K. Michael Moore on 7/6/2012. (rg1)

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I THE UNI N TED STATES DI STRI CO URT CT FOR THE SO UTH ERN DI STRI OF FLORI CT DA Ca eN o. 1 c 24288- M M s 2: 0- vK ANTONI M ORENO BELTM N, O Pl i if antf, VS. M ARVI I N UVEM , ta . e l, Dee f ndan s t. / 1 . I NTRODUCTI ON Th smatri b f r teCo r f rd cso flo n a o ed y n nj r tilh l o i te s eo e h u t o e iin o lwig n a , o -u y ra ed n M o y, Aprl 23, 201 i M im i Fl i nda i 2 n n , orda. Pli if An oni M or no Belr n, s ks a antf, t o e ta ee d caai np rua t o 8U. C. 1 0 t thei aUntd S ae ctz nb vrueo hi alg d e lrto u s n t S. j 5 3 ha s ie tts iie y it f s le e bit i t Unie Stt . Thi Cour ha ng f l consde e t t tm ony a docume a y rh n he td aes s q vi uly i r d he esi nd nt r e de e r e ve a ti l a wel a t a ia e 1w a a pl e s of c vi nc ec i d t ra, s l s he pplc bl a nd r m nt ouns l or land e, a wrte now fnds t t Pli if has notm e hi bur n of pr ,by a pr ponder nce of t itn, i ha antf t s de oof e a he evi nc t thei aUnie St t ciie de e, ha s t d aes tz n. I. I FI I S O F FA C T ND NG Pli ifwasbo n on M a 1 1960. Pl i ipspa en swe e m i a wor r who ofe antf r y 0, antf r t r gr nt ke s tn ta ld f e e i pe i oftme be we n M e co a t Unied Stt . Apr 23,201 r vee or xtnsve rods i t e xi nd he t aes . 2 Hrg Tr,a 37- Bot hi pa e swe eilt r t a di notundert t Engls lngu . ' . t 38. h s r nt r lie a e nd d sand he ih a age Tr,a 1 1 Pl i ifs pa e s t d hi a mi w ie ade wih hi bit whie t y we e . t 6, 7. antf r nt ol m d f i d t s rh l he r wor ng i t Unie Stt . Hi pa e s t d hi a hi sblngs t t he was bor a ki n he t d a es s r nt ol m nd s i i ha n nd ba ied i Vit ra Te .Pl i ifspa e sr t ne t M e c s ty a trhi bit . Tr. at ptz n c o i, xas antf r nt e m d o xi o horl fe s rh , 35,38. On M a 21 1 y , 960,Pl i ifspa e sfld a bit c tt a e i M e c sa i t the antf r nt ie rh erik t n xi o t tng ha wa bo n o M a 1 ,1 6 i Za t,San Al Za ae a ,M e c Ex.A ( No. -) s r n y 0 9 0 n paa i t c trs xio. o, ECF 47 1 . Pl i ifwasa s ba i d i M e c butheno l rhast ba imalc rika e Tr, t21 antf lo ptze n xi o, onge he pts e tf t . .a . Pl itf g e up i M e c a lved t r untlhe wa a oxi t l 24 ye r ol . Tr. an if r w n xi o nd i he e i s ppr ma ey as d , a 1 Gr wi up,Pli if a t r s ofhi br he s a s se s beleve he wa bom i t 7. o ng antf nd he e t s ot r nd it r i d s n Vit i Tt s Pl n i s f miy me be s ho ve ,w e e a r t the ha bit ce tf t s c ora, xa . aitT a l m r , we r r wa e ha d rh rika e a ba im a r c dsfom bot M e c a Te . Al ofPli tf sbr t r a sse swe e nd pts l e or r h xio nd xas l a n if o he s nd itr r bor i Za t ,San Alo,Za t r s M e co a none ofhi sblngs we e bo n i a hos tl n n pa a i t ca e a , xi nd sii r r n pia . Tr,a 3 - 0 Plitf s sbi g wo d s mei s c l h m ç oa o'wh c me n ' t . t 9 4 . an if iln s ul o tme al i t j d ' ih a s t ' M we ' be us he wa bor i t Unied St t . Tr,a 36,43. Addii ly,Pl i ifobt i a ca e s n n he t aes . t tonal antf aned M txia drve ' lc ns durng hi yout Tr,a 25. c n i rs ie e i s h. . t Pli ifde i d t move t Fl i i a oxi a ey 1 . Tr,a 1 Att stm e, s a ntf c de o o orda n ppr m t l 984 . t 8. hi i hi m ot rga hi l ga doc e ai n i or rf hi t e e t Unied St t . Tr,a 18- . he ve m e l um ntto n de or m o nt r he t aes . t 20 Hi mohe k p alo t efmiy' lg l o u n s Tr, t4.Hi moh rg v hm: 1 aTe a s t r e t 1 f h a l s e a d c me t. .a s te a e i ( ) x s b rh c ri t,Ex.D ( No 4 - ) wh c sae h wa b m i Vit ra Te s ( ) a it etkae t ECF . 7 3 , ih tts e s o n co i xa ; 2 c rikae o ba ts Ex.G ( No. 7-) fo ac u c i Te s a d ( )as ca s c t et t f p im, f ECF 4 6 , r m h rh n xa ; n 3 o il e miy ca d. Tr,a 1 20. Pl i ifus t sdoc e ai n t e e t Unied Sa e t oug Lar do, r . t 9antf ed hi um nt to o nt r he t t s hr h e Te s Tr, a 3- Pl ntf ta e t M e c i a oxi a ey 1 xa . . t 4. ai if r veld o xi o n ppr m t l 991 a us d t s nd e hi docl nt tont r mr t t Unie Stt ss rl t e tr Tr,a 5. lme ai o e n o he t d a e ho ty her afe . . t Pl i ifus d hi s i ls c iy c r t wor i t Unie Stt sf o 1 t i 1 . antf e s oc a e urt a d o k n he t d a e r m 984 mtl 990 Tr,a 1 Pl i ifl thi s a s c iy ca d s he we t t s i s c hy ofk ei For . t 9. antf os s ocil e m t r o nt o he ocal e ur f n t M e er ,Fl i t obt i a ne one.Tr,a 20. Howe r t s i s urt ofk e woul not y s orda o an w . t ve , he ocal ec iy t d i s hi anew ca d bec us t ofk e c amtd t s a s c iy numberbtl s ue m r a e he f l i he ocil e m t onged t a he o not r pe s Tr, t20.Alhoug Pl i ifpr ese t sde e mi ton,Pli tf di notha a s a r on. .a t h antf ot t d hi t r nai a n if d ve ocil s c iyca d f anumbe ofye r .Tr, 20. e urt r or r a s .at Pl i ifm a red hi wie,M a i As i M or no,on Fe ua y 22,1 i Za t ca , antf ri s f ra uncon e br r 992 n cae s M exio. Tr,a 5. They wer m a red a a co t e a wer is a m a a c riia e. c . t e ri t urhous nd e s ued ni ge e tfc t Tr,a 45. The m n ra c rik a e lss t i pa e s nn e a Pl i ifs plce ofbit as . t r ige e tt t it her r nt ' m s nd antf a rh Za ae a , e c Ex. ( No.4 - ) Plitf a d hswie cam te dd no r a ti c tc s M xio. l ECF 7 8 . anif n i f li h y i t e d h s doc e buta m i t sgni i. Tr,a 5- 46. um nt d t o i ng t . t 6, I 1 n 997,Pl ntf a hi wie r m a e i Fl i t hep wih he i mi ai s a s ai if nd s f e ni d n orda o l t r m grton tm . Tr,a 7. Pl i ifpe ii .t antf ttoned f rhi wiet bec eal ga r sde usng hi orgna Te bit o s f o om e l e i nt i s i i l xms rh c tf ae. Tr,a 7- Eve ual Pli tf peii ne f hi sblngs a pa e s t be ome erik t . t 8. nt ly, a n if tto d or s i i nd r nt o c r sde si t Unie Stt .Tr, t11 1 1 e i nt n he t d aes .a - 2, 7. Lae t s me ye r Pli ifa i d f a Unie St t spas por. Tr,a 1 I s t r he a a , antf pple or td a e s t . t 2. n uppor t of hi a ia i Pli if pr de t org na Texa bit c rik a e t t pa s r ofk e. s pplc ton, antf ovi d he i i l s rh e tt t o he s po t t Howe r t pas por ofi e c am e t bit c rik ae wa a c e f ta c ve , he s t fc l i d he rh e tt t s ount rei nd onûs a e i. c td t Tr,a 1 Pl ntf wms t n a r sed f pr di f le doc nt ton a ta pore t . t 3. ai if he re t or ovi ng as ume a i nd r ns td o i mi r ton s r i s f r r mova pr ee ngs Tr,at 1 , 28. The de tton pr ee ng , m g a i e vce o e l oc di . . 3 pora i oc di s howe r wer tr na e on Jme 1 1 ve , e e mi t d t 0, 998 d t t is nc of a de a ue o he s ua e l yed Te bit xas rh c ri t o Jme9, 9 8.S eEx. ( No. 7 1 ) e tkae n t t 19 e K ECF 4 - 0 . Pl i if obt ne a dea antf ai d lyed Texa bit c rii t by pr di a afi vi fom hi s rh e tfcae ovi ng n fda t r s br t r M a lM or Belr n,a hi c l e s bit c rik a e fom Fl i . Tr,a 29; o he , nue eno ta nd s hidr n' rh e tt t s r orda . t Ex.C ( No.47- .Alhoughhi br he pr de a afda tsai t tPli ifwmsbor ECF 2) t s ot r ovi d n fi vi ttng ha antf n i Te s hi br t rdoe notha pe s lkno e oft sf d . Tr,a 38. H i br he onl n xa , s o he s ve r ona wl dge hi a . t s ot r y be ive t s bt us hi paent r t td fo Te s wih Pl i if a t y t d hi wht e le s hi ca e s r s eum r m xa t antf nd he ol m r Pli ifwm bo n.Tr,a 41 a ntf a knowldg t thi c l e sbit c rik a e i cae antf s r . t .Pli if c e es ha s hidr n' rh e tt t s ndi t t the wa bol i Te sbec us hegavet s i or ton t t hos t . . a 29. Alho h ha s ' n xa n a e hi nf ma i o he pial Tr, t t ug hi par nt wer ai ,Pli ifdi no a k hi par nt f a af vi be us hi a t ne di s e s e lve antf d t s s e s or n fda t ca e s tor y d not a s hi t obt n a tdavis fom t . Tr,30. Howe ,he c r e hi pa e s dvie m o ai fi t r hem . ver onfont d s r nt a utt doc bo he umen s a t y i it d t doc e s we e va i Tr,a 31 He tu t hi t nd he nsse he um nt r ld. . t . r sed s pa e t a ha no r as t t nk t y we el ng t hi .Tr,a 1 r n s nd d e on o hi he r yi o m . t 6. Afe Pl i if r ce ve t dea d Te bit c rik a e,he ob a ne a new s i l tr antf e i d he lye xas rh e tt t ti d oc a s c iy num be .Tr,a 20- . Pl n if as r a id f a pa s ti 1 but was agan e urt r . t 21 aitf lo e pple or s por n 998 i de e Pli if cl ms he wr e a lte wihdr wi hi a ia i be us he no l ng ni d. a ntf ai ot e tr t a ng s pplc ton ca e o er ne ed a pa s tt ta lbe we n t Unie Stt s a M e c . Tr,a 1 ;Ex J( ed s por o r ve t e he t d a e nd xio . t 4 . ECF No. 47- .Alho hPli ifsg d t lte ,heddnotradi be us hecr tr a no wr i 9) t ug antf ine he etr i e t ca e mno e d r he n Engls ih. Pl ntf ag i a i d f a pas por i 2006 bec us he c am e he now nee d i t ai if a n pple or s tn a e li d de t o ta lbe we t Unie St t a M e c Tr,at1 Hi a ia i wasde ed onc a i r ve t en he t d aes nd xio. . 4. s pplc ton ni e gan a t ofi e ke hi bit c tt a e Tr, a 1 nd he fc pt s rh erik t . . t 5. Pli if ti d t ge s ppo tng antf re o t u ri d l ntton t pr hi plce of bit buthe wa uns e s ul Tr,a 15- 6. The Te s oclme ai o ove s a rh s ucc s f . . t 1 xa Bur u ofVia Sttsi shasno r or ofa orgi lbit ce tt ae f Pl i if Ex. C ( ea t l aitc tc d n i na rh rik t or antf. ECF c ora e d ai if No. - ) Ex.F ( No 475 . Si iary,t Ciy ofVit i has no r cor ofPl ntf s 472 ; ECF . - ) m l l he t c ha t y s antf brh Ex.E ( No 4 - ) Fi ly,t Chur h t tpurporedl isued Pl i ifs Texms it. ECF . 7 4 . nal he b p ima r c r d e n th v arc r f rPlitf.Ex. ( No. - ) W h nt ep spo t a ts l e o d o s o a e e o d o anif H ECF 47 7 . e h a s r ag ncywoul notis hi apa s t Pli ifde de t tl t sl ws t Tr,a 15. e d s ue m s por, antf ci d o ie hi a ui. . t 11 1. DI SCUSSI N O Thi Cour,ha ng f l c i r t t si s t vi uly onsde ed he e tmony a doc nd umentr e de r eve a a y vi nce ec i d t til a we last a ia e lw and ar ra , s l he pplc bl a gume s of c nt ouns l fnds t tPl ntf has f ie t e, i ha ai if a ld o m e thi b de ofpr ,by a pr ponde a e oft e de ,t the wasbo n i t Unie e s m n oof e r nc he vi nce ha r n he t d St t s 1 ae . I sndi t thehasno m e hi bur n ofpr ,t sCour l gey ba e isde son on n ng ha t t s de oof hi t ar l s s t cii t f tt t Pl i if ha a c e he ac ha antf s ont mpor ousy fld M e c n bit c tt a e. The M e c n ane l ie xi a rh erik t xia bit c tfcae wasfl d e e n da a trPl i ifwasbor Pli ipsf t rbr rh erii t ie l ve ys fe antf n. antf a he oughthi t m o t r gity i or t ha t M e c n bit c tfc t is d a lse hi plce ofbit as he e sr n der o ve he xi a rh erii a e s ue nd itd s a rh M e c Thi f c orweghshe viy i f xio. s a t i a l n avoroftndi t tPli ifwasbor i M e c Ri r i ng ha antf n n xio. ve a v Alrg t No.9 C 3 8 2 0 W L 1 4 75 a * ( D.11 t 1 ,2 0 ) (i dn a . b ih , 9 2, 00 51 0 , t 3 N. 1.Oc. 1 0 0 fn ig p e u to o ain g whe te e i a c ne o a e usy fld f rin bit c ri t) r s mp in f le a e n h r s o tmp rn o l ie o eg rh e tkae . t Pl i ifofe sno e ana i f why hi pa e sobt i d t M e c bit c rii t orwhy antf f r xpl ton or s r nt ane he xian rh e tfcae he wasba i d i M exi l e Pl ntf e n a tedt thec d ha a tnded s ptze n co. nde d, ai if ve dmit ha oul ve te chooli n M e c wih hi Unie St t sbit ce tfc t Thi Cour a s not st ta 1ofhi sblngswe e xi o t s t d a e rh ri a e. s t lo e ha 1 si i r bor i t s m e t n n he n own t tt M e c n bit ce tfc t sa e asPl ntf splce ofbit Se ha he xi a rh rii a e tt s ai if a rh. e Ex. ( No. 7 1. Fu te , an ifsmara ec ri t is e i 1 9 lssh spa eo A ECF 4 - ) rh r Plitf rig e tkae su d n 9 2 it i lc f t brh a Me io.Se Ex. ( No 4 - ) Alh u hPlitf camst t eddn tfl o t hs it s x c e I ECF . 7 8 . t o g an if li ha h i o il u t i i or ton,t sCour doe notfnd c edi e Pl i ifs cai t te r hi on t c rik ae nf ma i hi t s i r bl antf l m ha ve yt ng he e tt t 1 Pli if bea s t bl de of pr ng hi ctze hi by a prponde a e of t evi nc . antf r he z n r ovi s ii ns p e r nc he de e Rn rz v.Cl t n No.0 - 7 0 201 W L 2 3 7 ,a * ( M i J l 1 ,2 1 (i n mie i o, n 85 7 , 1 8 81 3 t 4 D. r uy 8 01 ) ct g m. i Rieav Alrc tNo 9 C 3 8 2 0 W L 1 4 75 a * ( D. 1. t 1 , 0 0 Ho v r v r . b ih, . 9 2 , 0 0 51 0 , t 3 N. 11Oc. 1 2 0 :. we e , %th r i n s cfc ls o d c me t (litfl mu tu e o ma u e ( plitfl mu t fl ee s o pe ii it f o u n s p an it s s r y s . A an it s g smpl de i y monsr t by a pr ponder nc oft e de e t the wasbor i t Unied St t .'' ta e e a e he vi nc ha n n he t aes I d. i a c a ee ptf hi plc ofbit Fu t r t f tt tPl i ifha ar dy be n lvi i s c m t xce or s a e rh. rhe , he ac ha antf d lea e i ng n t Unied St t s f a oxi ael ei ye r bef e t is nc oft m n rage c tt a e he t a e or ppr m t y ght a s or he sua e he r i erik t u r i t se a ton. nde m nes hi xpl na i Pli ifc nnotme thi bm de ofpr wih t doc e ai t twa gi n t hi antf n e s n oof t he um nt ton ha s ve o m by hi m o he . Ea h o t doc e sha be n pr n t beacot e f i.Pli ifca tr y s t r c f he um nt ve e ove o mtr et antf nno el on t orgi lTe bit c rik a et thi m o he ga hi . The f tt tnet rt Te s he i na xas rh e tt t ha s t r ve m ac ha ihe he xa Bur a ofVia Sttsis nort Ciy ofVit i have r c dsofPli ifsbit de eu tl a itc he t c ora e or a ntf rh monsr t s ta e t a ti d c me ti a c t efi. Se Ex C ( No 4 - ) Ex.E ( No 4 - ) Ex F h t h s o u n s omtret e . ECF . 7 2 , ECF . 7 4 , . ( No 4 - ) Lie s ,Plitf c n o r l o t Te a b p ima c ri c t t a hs ECF . 7 5 . k wie anif a n t ey n he x s a ts l e tt ae h t i i m o he ga hi . The c c Pli ifcli s is t c rii t doe notha a r c d f t r ve m hur h antf am s ued he e tfcae s ve e or or Plitf sb pim wh c i iae t a i t o i ac u tret Ex. ( No. 7 7 . Fi l anif a ts ih ndc ts h t t o s o n efi. H ECF 4 - ) nal y, t s i ls c iy ca d hm be n pr n t be a c e f i be a e i a he oc a e urt r s e ove o ount ret c us t cmaly be o ed t l l ng o a he pe s not r ron. Tr,a 20. W hie t f c t tt e doc e s a e countrei doe no pr . t l he a t ha hes um nt r e f t s t ove t tPli ifwasbor i M exio, he lke s c motpr hewa bor i t Unied St t . ha antf nn c t y i wie al ove s n n he t aes Addii ly,Pl i ifc nnotr y on hi de a d Te sbit ce tt ae t pr t the tona l antf n el s l ye xa rh rik t o ove ha wa bor i t Unie Sut s Fis ,a de a bit c rii a e i gi n l sevi nta y we g s n n he t d e . rt l yed rh e tfc t s ve es de ir i ht t n a c empor neo l fl d bit ce tfc t Se Li a v.Ke dv,1 F.Supp. 630, ha ont a usy ie rh rii a e. ç ac kos nne 95 6 ( D. 1 61 .Plitf sd ly dTe sb rhc ri t wa is e o J n 9 1 9 , l s 31 D. C. 9 ) anif ea e xa it e tt e s su d n u e , 9 8 amo t ka fryy a sa trPlitf wa b m . S eEx. ( No 4 - ) Co ta tti wi h sMe c n o t e r fe anif s o e C ECF . 7 2 . n rs h s t i xia h bit c rikaewhihwa fld eeve da atrhi bit eEx. ( No.47- ) Se nd, rh e tt t c s ie l n ys fe s rh.Se A ECF 1. co Pl n ifs dea Te bit ce tt a e was i s d bas d e iel on doc e s t tdo not aitf lyed xas rh rik t s ue e ntr y um nt ha pr t t he wa bor i t Unie Stt s To obt i t delye Te bit c rii a e, ove ha s n n he td ae . an he a d xas rh e tfc t Pl n ifus d hi c l e s bit c rik a e a a afda tfom hi br t r Hi c l e s aitf e s hidr n' rh e tt t s nd n fi vi r s o he . s hidr n' 6 bit c rik aes whih ls t Unied Stt s a Pl i ifspl c ofbit s d notf c ori o rh e tf t , c it he t ae s antf ae rh, houl a t nt t sCou tsa l i. Pl i ifr a l a is t the r pore hi pl e ofbit t t hos t l hi r ' nayss antf e diy dm t ha e td s ac rh o he pia . Tr,a 29. A lhough, t a fda tof Pl i ifsbr he s d be gi n s e pr tve val . t 2 t he fi vi antf ot r houl ve om oba i ue be us t rpa e st d hi Pli ifwa bor i Te , hmsno fr tha knowl e oft s ca e hei r nt ol m a ntf s n n xas he is- nd edg hi f c.Tr, t3 s eas Ra rz 2 1W L 2 38 7 a * ( ii gp o ai v l t p anifs at .a 8; e lo mie , 01 8 1 3, t 4 gv n r b tve aue o litf rp tt n n ngfmiyme e st a p anifwa b m i t eUntd S ae ) Lic k s 1 5F. e u ai mo n l mb r h t litf s o n h ie tts; a a o , 9 o Su p. t6 3(tt g ta amo h rssae n t Plitf o hsplc o brh s o l b gv n p a 3 sai h t n t e ' ttme t o an if f i a e f it h ud e ie s me e ie ta y weg tsn e i c ro o ae d cl na y e i e c ) Th r f r ,t e Co r o vd nir ih ic t o r b rts o l tr v d n e . e eo e h u t me gi Pli tf sdt a d Te sbit ct tf t ltl we g i isde e mi ton. ves a n if l ye xa rh rika e ite i ht n t t r nai Li wie,Pl i ifc nno r l on t f tt the w a is a ne s i ls c iy ca d ke s antf n t ey he ac ha s s ued w oc a e urt r a t thi r m o lpr ee ng we e t r naed. The a or m e i d oc ured o y be us nd ha s e va oc di s r e mi t f e ntone c r nl ca e Pl n ifwa i s d t deaye Texa bit ce tt a e. Thi Cour not t te n whe f c aitf s s ue he l d s rh rik t s t es ha ve n a ed wih r t emova pr e ngs Pl i iff ie t obt i an a fdavi fom eihe ofhi pa e s who l oce di , antf a ld o an fi t r t r s r nt we e sil ai a t tm e. Tr, a 30. An afi vi fom Pl ntf s pa e s woul ha r tl lve t he i . t tda t r ai if r nt d ve s upporedhi pe ii be us hi pa en sha fr thandknowldgeofhi plceofbit t s tton ca e s r t d is e s a rh. Thi Cour bas s is de ii n s el o t lc of e de e pr ng t tPli if wa s t e t c so ol y n he a k vi nc ovi ha a ntf s bor i t Unie St t s Howe r by fndi t tPli ifha no m e hi bur n ofpr ft n n he td a e . ve , i ng ha antf s t t s de oo o demonsr t t the wa bor i t Unie St ts t s Cour doesno fnd t tPli tf kne tae ha s n n he t d ae , hi t t i ha a n if w t thi do l ntton wa co e f t Li wie,t sCour m a sno de e mi ton ast how ha s clme ai s unt rei. ke s hi t ke t r nai o Pl n ifs pa e s obt ne f uly doc e s whe he by beng de i d by t mi wie or aitf r nt ai d a t um nt, t r i ceve he d f tr h ough ilga mea ur s Thi Cour doe fnd Pl ntf,hi br t r a hi wie t be c e bl le l s e . s t si ai if s o he , nd s f o r di e 2HOwe r t Cour doe f c ori t isa ysst f c t tPl i ifspa en sa wayst d hi ve , he t s a t n o t nal i he a t ha antf r t l ol m t t he w a bor i t U nie St t s Se Rn iez 2011 W L 28381 , a * (i ng smia ha s n n he td ae . e m r , 73 t 4 fndi i lr sae nt weead s i ea pr tveofaplitf spl eofbit . ttme s r misbl nd obai anif ac rh) wine s i t r t tmony.3 The Cour not s t ti a t s es n hei esi t e ha t ppea s Pl i ifha t hone ty hed r antf s he sl l bele t the wa bor i t Unie St t sa he di no ha a knowl dge t tt r we e if ha s n n he t d a e nd d t ve ny e ha he e r pr e s w ih hi doc nt ton untlhe wa de ed a pas por i 1 oblm t s ume a i i s ni s t n 997. Unf runael f o t t y or Pl n if a snc r be ifofbeng bor i t Unie St t doe notma one a cii n. Se aitf, i e e le i n n he t d aes s ke tze e M ilrv. b ih , 2 U. 4 0 4 3 ( 9 8 (uoi Untd S ae v. o Ki Ar ,1 9 U.. le Alrg t 5 3 S. 2 , 2 1 9 ) q tng ie tts W nc m k 6 S 6 9 7 2 ( 8 ) (tt t a th r ae t s u c s o ctz n hp,a d t o l bit a d 4 , 0 1 98 sai h t t ee r wo o r e f iie s i n wo ny: rh n ng t n t rl ain' au ai to . z ). I V. CONCLUSI ON Fort f egoi r a ons t s Co tfndst tPli ifhasf ie t m e thi bur n of he or ng e s , hi ur i ha antf a ld o e s de p o fu d r8 U. C.j 1 0 . P an ifc n ts o t a i i mo elk l t n n tt a h wa ro n e S. 5 3 litf n no h w h t t s r iey ha o h t e s bor i t Unie St t s Fi lJ n n he t d a e . na udgme wilbee e e f Defnda sby s pa ae Or . nt l nt r d or e nt e r t der DONEANDORDE iChmbraMimiFoiati /ddyo Jl,02 RED n a est a , lr ,hW a fuy2 1. d . c c: I CHAEL M OORE I TED STATES DI STRI JUDGE CT Al c l ouns lofr cor e e d 3 A st ti rof f c i t s c e, t eCo r ma ma j d me t r g r ig tece iiiyo t e he r e a t n hi as h u t y ke u g n s e adn h r db l f h t wine s t tc t s es ha ome be or i. Se Ca o- l n v.Curi Riha ds l ,993 F. 1 f e t e r Gava ts c r om nc. 2d 500,1 504 ( 1h Ci.1 9 )(iigCh i Bea lc v. meMi n Co.8 3F.d 1 3 ,1 38n. ( 1 Ci. 1 t r 9 3 ctn rs r . n . Ac nig , 9 2 2 5 2 2 1 1 r 1 (e ognii t tt c tmus weg t evi nc a ma cedi lt dee mi tons) 990) rc zng ha he our t ih he de e nd ke r biiy tr nai l. A wine s t tmony m a be be ived i 1 1,i pa t or e iey dicount t s ' esi y le n 1 n r, ntr l s ed. See M oor v. e Ch s p a & OhoRy Co, 4 U. 5 , 7 ( 9 ) e a e ke i . .3 0 S. 73 5 6 1 51.

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