Mendel v. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd., No. 1:2010cv23398 - Document 171 (S.D. Fla. 2012)
Court Description: ORDER Granting 151 Motion for Summary Judgment Signed by Senior Judge James Lawrence King on 6/21/2012. (jw)
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Mendel v. Royal Caribbean Cruises Ltd. Doc. 171 UNI TED STATES DISTRICT CO URT SO UTH ER N D I STR I O F FLO R I A CT D M I IDI I O N AM V SI CA SE N O :1023398- V - l G CI K N ROSE M END EL, Pl ntf , ai i f ROYA L CA RI BBEAN CRU I , LTD . SES , a Li r a cor a i d/ a ROYA L be i n por ton b/ CA RI BBEAN CRUI LI SE NES, D ef nt enda . O RD ER G M N TING D EFENDA NT ' M O TI N FO R SUM M AR Y JUD G M ENT S O TH I M A TTER i bef et Cour uponDef S s or he t endantRoya Ca i l rbbean Cr s Lt .'s uies d Se o Re we M oto f rSu r J g nt( #1 ) fld M a c 22, 2 The c nd ne d in o mmay ud me DE 51 , ie r h 201 . Cour i f l bref i t m aterl Upon ca ef cons de a i oft uncont s ed f t i t s uly i ed n he t . r ul i r ton he e t ac s n t r d a t a gum e s s tf h i t Pa tes'bref , t Cour snds i m us gr nt he ecor nd he r nt e ort n he ri i s he t t t a s mma yj dg n i f v o De e da . u r u me t n a or f f n nt 1 Background . Thsi apes na ij yc s .Plitf M e l le st t hewa ij e whe s e i s ro lnur a e an if nde alge ha s s nurd n h si d on a s e whie exii apoolon Def lppe tp l tng endants c ui e s p. ( ' r s hi Am. mp.DE # ) Co , 95 . D ef ndantRoyalCa i e rbbean Cr s , Lt no mo sf rs uies d. w ve o umma yj dg nt n t g o nd r u me o he r u lPlitf fldaRe p e( #1 7 onJ e 1 201 t whihDe e ntr ple ( #1 )o anif ie s ons DE 6 ) un , 2, o c fnda e id DE 68 n June 11 201 , 2. Dockets.Justia.com t tPl ntf ha f l t pr ha ai if s aied o oduce a evi ny dencet ti b ha t r eached a dut t her ny y o . Afe t cl eofdicove y, t f l i uncont s ed f ct e er tr he os s r he olow ng e t a s m ged . Pl ntf w a ai if s a pas enge on D ef ntstoassoft Sea ' ui s p. On J s r enda ' c i he s'cr se hi anua y 18,2010, Pl ntf r ai if a herhus nd wentt s i i t s t poolon t s p. nd ba o w m n he pors he hi ( Compl DE #95 a !7 . Am. . , ,t ) The had notgone s i m i i t poolprort t da t y w m ng n hat i o he y h e i de occur ed, ( an if nci nt r Pl itf D e ,D E #151 , a p.317 2) Afe a utffe n mi t sof s mmi g p. -1 t :-1 . tr bo ite nu e wi n , Pl ntf ai i fs hus nd e t t pool usng t handr l t clm b t l routoft pool ba xied he i he ais o i he adde he , . 1 a pp. d. t 42: -24,43: 1 . A fe w a c ng herhus 21 1 -16 t r t hi band exi, Pl ntf e t t pool usng t t ai if xied he i he , s el am adderand ha ais 1 a 2-4.l m edi t y afe e tng t poolPl ntf pl ed ndr l . d. t44: m a el tr xii he ai if ac , herf on a s e desgned t as i tguessi e tng t pool oot tp i o ss t n xii he . ( Co .DE#95a !7 . Am. mpl, t ) Pl ntf f lwhen s t a s cond s ep. ( an ifDe ,DE #1 1 1 a p.46: 7 8 ai if el he ook e t Pl itf p. 5 -, t 1 -1 ) . Pl ntf puthe rghthand down t br he s ff t f l 1 a 53: -1 ai i f ri o ace r el or he al. d. t 1 2. The ale l ged ij yr s tdfo t tfl. nur eule rm ha al The Am e nded Com pl i , fl J y 27,2011 s s f t d ner alegatons'of a nt ied ul ge al l i ' , et orh ç D ef nda ' neglge . ( #9 ) A fe t c os ofdicove y a t Cour ' r i on e nt s i nce DE 5 . tr he l e s r nd he ts ulngs varousm otonsi lm i , D ef ntfl hei t SecondRe w edM oton f Sum m ar i i n i ne enda iedt ns ant ne i or y J udgm enton M a c 22, 2 1 ( !#1 ) Th si t fr t i et eCo r ha a dr s e t e rh 0 2. DI 51 . i s he is tm h u t s d e s d h meisofDee da ' agu nsi fv ro s rt fn nts r me t n a o f ummayj g n z r ud me t . 2 e Def ndantfl a M ied tonf r r udg nt DE 44 n rl , f l bref d a wast m i oiby o Summa yJul me ( # )o Ap i 1 20l1,whih wasneve r uly i e nd er nat ed t Cour on J y 28, 201l Prort t Courtsr i c he t . i o he ' ulng upon t he partes'D auber motons, De e n fldaRe we M oi f rSu i t i fnda t ie ne d ton o mma yJ dg nt( /75 onJ l r u me DE / ) uy 1 2011. On Febr y 21 201 t eCou t e e wi ou prj dieDee ntsRe we Mo in f , uar , 2, h r d nid t t eu c fnda ' ne d to or h 1l Sum m ary Judgm entSt . andar d Su r j me ti a prpraewheet pla n a sppotng m at i s mmay udg n s p o it r he e digs nd u ri eral e t bls t t e i no ge ne is a t any m at s a ih hat her s nui s ue s o e i lf ta t tt m ovi pa t i r a ac nd ha he ng ry s e ildt u me ta amatro lw SeeFed.R.Ci P 56;Cel ex Cor ntte oj dg n s te f a v. ot p v.Catet, r t 477 U, 31 ,3 2 ( 98 ) A fc i S tra'i i i ma d tr net out e under t S. 7 2 1 6 . a t s t eil f t s y eemi he com ma ' he . . . applca e s t i l w , Ander on v.fi t Lobb i bl ubsantve a s bery y, I ,477 U. 242 nc. S. , 248( 98 ) 1 6; Ale 1 F. a 646. I t r d asa whol coul notl ad a r i l n, 21 3d t f he ecor e d e atonalf fnde t fnd act i r o i - f t nonm ovi pary, t e i no genui i ue of f tf ti l or he ng t her s ne ss ac or r a . I ndus.Co.v.Ze t Radi Cor ., nih o p See M at hia E l c sus t e . 475U. 5 4,58 ( 98 ) The nonm ovi part m us S. 7 7 1 6 . ng y t s how s ci f t t s pe sc ac s o uppor t tt e i a genui diput . t ha her s ne s e 1 d. Onamoinf rs mmayj gme ,h c u t s viw t e d nc a r s l a1 to o u r ud ntte o r mu t e he vie e nd e ove 1 i e enc i t lghtm os f vor bl t t nonm ovi pa t . See Ander on,477 U nf r es n he i t a a e o he ng ry s .S, t a 255. How e r, m e e s ntla ofe de i s ve a r ci il vi nce n uppor oft nonm o t he vi pa t sposton i ng ry' ii s i ufiin t d fa amoinfrs mmayj g nt See i at252.l t evi nceoff red ns fce to e e t to o u r ud me d. f he de e . by t nonm ovi pa t i m e el col a e or i not sgnis nt he ng ry s r y or bl s i tca l y pr tve,s m ar oba i um y j gme i pr pe . ei a 24 -5 ud nt s o r Se d. t 9 0. 1 1 D icus i 1 . s s on Pl ntf brngsasngl negtgencecl i a ns Def nda alegi t tt a e of ai if i i e i a m gai t e nt l ng ha he r a , t poolwhe e s f lwasda r , t D ef he r he el nge ous hat endantf l d t m a nt n t a e aie o i ai he r a , Sum mar J y udgm entand i tuct t pari t fl ne bref nsr ed he tes o ie w i teCoutsr igon t adm isi lt ofe h r' uln he s biiy xpertt tmony es i . a t t nd ha sons mmayj me tis si lg tof u r udg n sue n ih ( #1 ) DE 50 . Def nda f l t w a n heroft alege y da r condii . ( . mpl, #95 e nt aied o r he l dl nge ous ton Am Co .DE , a 1 -9) De e da mo s f rs mma yj me o Pli tf n glg nc ca m wih t 57 . f n nt ve o u r udg nt n a n ifs e i e e li t t r eagu n s ( )Thee d n ed sno e tbls t a De e a twa r s nsbl f rt h e r me t : 1 vi e c oe t sa ih h t f nd n s e po i e o he alg di op rde inoftes be t wi ngp ;( )t e d n edo sn tetbls le e mpr e sg h u jc s mmi ool 2 he vie c e o sa ih t t fnd nt dnoieofh alg dda r usc ndto a ( ) fnd nt dno ha ha Dee a ha tc te le e ngeo o iin; nd 3 Dee a di t ve a dut t war t Pl ntf of t c ton com pl i of as t aleged da ous y o n he ai if he ondii a ned , he l nger condii w a open,obvi ,a a r ntt t Pl i if ( #1 , t1 ) TheCo t ton s ous nd ppa e o he a ntf . DE 51 a -2 . ur wiladdr sea oft e a gum ent i t n. l es ch hes r s n ur A. Def ndantW asNotRes e pons bl f t Alege l properD e gn i e or he l d m si A cr s lne i notla e f a aleged i pr r de i i t pl ntf does not ui e i s i bl or ny l m ope s gn f he ai if es a i h t tt s pt bls ha he hi ownerorope a orw asr ponsbl f t aleged i pr rdes gn. rt es i e or he l m ope i See e. ,Grove v.Ro Cari an Cr s s Lt ,No.11 10815,201 W L 933236 a #1 g. s yal bbe uie d. 2 t ( 1hCi. a. 0, 01 ( fimi s 1 t rM r2 2 2) atr ng ummayj me t r pli ifpa s n rp e e e r udg n whee antf- se ge r sntd no evi nce t tdef nda c ui e lne Sac ualy c ea ed,pari pat i or appr de ha e nt r s i d t l r t tci ed n, oved t he alg dn gi nt e inofh s ae sn a t dnngr o whee( anitwa ij e ' . le e e lge d sg te e ra e rhe ii o m r plitfl snurd.) ' Is n uppor ofisposton, e t t ii Def ndantr i upon Rodger v.Cos a Cr er ,S P. , 0 Fe eles s t oci e A. 41 d. . Ap x 21 ( 1h Ci. 01 .l Rod r , h pl itf sipe a d f l whied s e di a p' 0 1 t r 2 0) n ge s t e an if lp d n el l e c n ng s aic e on a c ui e s p. 1 at 211. The pl ntf neglge t y was t t t t r as r s hi d. ai ifs i nce heor ha he s phi owne w as la e f c e i a dange ous st i by t i pr r i bl or r atng r iuaton he m oper de i of t s gn he s ar e. f The Elve h Cicui, afim i t diti cour ' gr nt of s m ar t icas #. e nt r t fr ng he s rct ts a um y 4 j me , l ta t plitf fiur t o fra ye ie es owigtatt shi owner udg nthed h the anifs al e o fe n vd nc h n h he pw asr ponsbl f t de gn oft saisw a f alt t pl ntf es i e or he si he t r s at o he ai i f sneglgentdesgn t y i i heor ofla lt 1 at21 . i biiy. d. 2 The Cour fndsRod r i tuctve l t pr s cas lke i Rodger ti ge s nsr i n he e ent e, i n s, Pl ntf ai i f . f l t of e a e denc s ais o f r ny vi e howi t tD ef nda had ng ha e nt a r l i t de i n o t s j c ny o e n he sg f he ub e t pr i e I i undi put t tD ef nda di not desgn t po em s s. t s s ed ha e nt d i he ol or t se whe e t he t p r he Pl i ifsi de occ r . ( p. Def' Co p. p. vi nc el (: a ntf nci nt ur ed De of .s r Re Da dBa ila C RCL De p ', ' DE ) . #151 2,atp.34: -20.) ( #1 7,a 3 .Rahe , an ifc ntndst tu e t f c sof 3 ; DE 6 t ) t r Plitf o e ha nd r he a t t s ca e,t f c t tt poolw asnot ac ua l desgne b hi s he a t ha he t ly i d y D ef nti ir l enda s r e evant 1 . d. Pl ntf a gues S-he f t a e t tt Def ndantus t s m e des gn and contg ai if r l ac s r ha he e es he a i s , dur ton ai oft ss m m i poolsep i us on t e ie Roya Ca i an te hi wi ng t t es he ntr l rbbe l e . Fr t f ct t t om hat a , he t iroff tca r s re ac n ea onabl i ert tt D ef nda ac ed a a oved t y nf ha he e nt cept nd ppr h e desgn a i nd confgur ton oft s mm i poole t' 1 i ai he wi ng xi. ' d.The Cour i notpe s ts r uade d . Fis ,her i no r or evi nces r t t e s ec d de uppor i Pl ntf as e ton t tDef tng ai ifs s ri ha endantus es St s e des gn a confgur ton oft s s i m i pools e i use çhe am i nd i ai hi w m ng tp t s on t entr Royal he ie Carbbe tee .' 1 . D ef nda cont i an l t' d e nt endst tPl ntf s a eri i bot e r ha ai if ss ton s h r oneous a nd ba ed on i s nadm i sbl t tm ony. ( #1 8, t4) s i e esi DE 6 a ,Theo yba i f Pl i ifspu re nl ss or antf mo td if ct'i t deposton of Pl ntf s e r , Randal J ques. ûa ' s he ii ai if xpe t l a A r vi of M r J e ew . aques' de ii e tm ony, how e , e sno s postont s i ver r veal upport orpl ntf sas e i f ai if s rton . M r J que of e s .a s fr w ha he a isi a opi on, satng i ds m slket Oasi hasconfgur t rde pl t dm t s n ni t i t see i he s i ed hei ck an 5 i t re nee i and consr i i t s pya d oft Oasi andAlurepool t bet n hei ngi rng tucton n he hi r he s l s o he s mea t Vo ge o heSe . ( p. fRa lJ q sDE#1 - , t 1 4 2 9) a she ya r ft as' De o ndal a ue , ' 68 1 a pp. 23:-1 4: . Si pl M r J m y, . aque of e s a opi on bas on hi r ew ofadif e cl sofves e , not s f r n ni ed s evi fer nt as sl t entr RoyalCarbbea tee .Furher e,t sCour hasaleady r ed t tM r. J he ie i nl t t mor hi t r ul ha aques ma n p o detsi n o t smatr S e( #1 9, de o Da e t oins a 2 . y ot r vi etmo y n hi te. e DE 4 Or r n ub r M to , t )3 Theeor, rJ q s o nint th d sgnofhes b etse a ha r isi t sme rf e M .a ue ' pi o ha te e i t u jc tps nd nd al s he a on Ro Ca i yal rbbean' e iefee i i dm i sbl a ass s ntr l t s na s i e nd, uch,doesnotpr de s ovi uppor f t or Pl ntf sne i ai if glgentdesgn t or i he y. Se cond,c r r t Pl i if s as e ton,t undiput f tt t poolwas not ont a y o a ntf s ri he s ed ac hat he a ualy de i ct l s gned by Def endanti notir e nt l i t l w oft sCicui t apl i i f s r el va . t s he a hi r t hat a ntf w ho pr e snoe de t t hedef es nt vi nce ha t endantacua l c ea ed, r i pat d i o appr ve he t ly r t pa tci e n, r o dt desgn ca i nnotpr lon a neglge cl m t t e e t tt cl i i pr i e on a evai i nce ai o he xt nt ha he a m s em s d t y ofne i ntdesgn.SeeRodge s 41 Fed. heor glge i r, 0 App' at21 Grove 201 W L 933236 x 2; s, 2 at*1.The ef e,heundi put d e dence s i t Def r or t s e vi how ng hat endantw a notac ualy i ved s t l nvol i t desgn oft s i m i poolsep and ha ais pr cl n he i he w m ng t ndr l e udes Pl ntf cl m t t ai ips ai o he ext nthe cl m i pr m ied on a t y ofneglgentdesgn. e r ai s e s heor i i 4 3Forf t i or i on exper t tmony urher nf maton t esi t Co tdrcst pate t J g Tj lts he ur ie t he ris o ud e ofa, tor g e a ai ofwhe a e pet noni neesay.Se Ro efedv Ocani Cr s sI . h ou h xpln ton n n x ropii s c sr e s n l . e a uie,nc, Ca eNo.1 - 2651 Or ronRe e rnge Ba ,Dis n ( 1h Ci. un. , 2) s 0 1 , de h a i n nc se t 1 t r J 7 201 . 4 c us i i u s u e t tDee da tdi no de in tes j c p , any t tm ony by t Be a e t s ndip t d ha fn n d t sg h ub e t ool es i he Plitf e etRa alJ q s rgadi tedi n inso t sbe tse i s porofhe anips xp r, nd l a ue,e r ng h me so f he uj c tp n up t r , neglge desgn cl m i m oot See Grovesv.Ro Carbbean Crui s,L/ No.09i nce i ai s . yal i se 2, 20800,2011 W L 1 96 9, S. Fl J n.11 2 1 a #1(tBlc us none lge de in t or i po sbl i t sc s , h 0 3 ( D. a. a , 0l ) t ç e a e g gi nt sg he y s s i e n hi a e t e e pe tstsi nya t t ed sg ta i t r lva ta e so t sve s li moo .) x r' e tmo s o h e in l ws n he ee n r a f hi s e s t' . ' 6 B. Ther I N o Evi e s dence That Def endant H ad N otce of t Aleged i he l Dangerous Condii t on D ef nda ' la lt i t pr entc e alo t nson whet D ef nda had notce e nt s i biiy n he es as s ur her e nt i , eihera ualorc tuc i , oft a l t ct ons r tve he leged dangert pas e s. i-'e a i bl sa r o s nger i h pplca e t nda d f ofca e Ce r ,as apr equiie t i r r quies er s t o mposng la lt , t t c r e ha had a ualor i i biiy hat he ar i r ve ct c t ctvenotc oft rs c ea i c ton. ''Youn v.Car valCrui Li N o. onsm i i e he i k r tng ondii ' g ni se nes 09, 21 49 2 1WL 465 6 a * ( D. a Fe 4, 01 )( n , J)( uo i Ke. v Bah 9 , 01 3 6 t 3 S. Fl . b. 2 1 Ki g . q tng eè . ama j Cr s Li ,l ., 8 F. 1 1 32 ( 1h Ci.1 89 ) Gr v s 2 2 < uie ne nc 67 2d 3 8,1 2 1 t r 9 ); o e , 01 9 323 a #1 3 6, t (s e t lw i t scrui,d fn nt r s l )c nbela l onyfrne lge t sg i rhe a n hi ic t(ee da cuie i a ibe l o gi n de in und ne of t di ng ar i i ha a ualor consr i notce of s h haza dous condii .' . he ni ea f t d ct tuctve i uc r ton ' ) Pl ntf hasnotpr ded any evi nc t tDef ndanthad act orconsr tve notc of ai i f ovi de e ha e ual tuc i ie t aleged da rpos by t se . Ra he ,Pl ntf r les upon s a em e s m ade by he l nge ed he t ps t r ai if e i t t nt uni ii d w ines ess m eton t cr s s p. Pl ntf t tfed t tot pas enge son dentfe t s he he ui e hi ai if es ii ha her s r t c uie s p s he r s hi poke t her a o boutt s i m i poole tng s yi , doh,t was ver he w m ng xii a ng d hat y s i r Eve ybodyw asf lngt e.'( an if p.DE#1 - , t p. 2 -25, 1 .) lppe y. r ali her ' Pli tf De , 51 1 a p 48:2 49:-6 . The e s a em e sa e notenough t es a i h t tD ef ntw a on notceofa danger s t t nt r o t bls ha enda s i ous condii d e econcl i a uns ton. ' r M usons nd uppore f t alegatonsar l l i ufi entt td ac ual l i e egaly ns fci o dee t s mmayj g nt to 'Eli vEn an 43 F.d1 1 1 26( 1hCi 20 ) fa a u r ud me moin. ls . gl d, 2 3 32 , 3 1 t r 05 ' . ( ii gBal M ou ai Pa k Lt v Olv r 8 3 F. 1 6 1 63( 1h Ci 1 96 ) ctn d nt n r , d. . ie , 6 2d 5 0, 5 1 t r 9 ) . . 7 Pl ntf ss at m ent ar m er y uns ai if t e s e el upporedalegatons Pl ntf adm iss di not t l i ai if t he d . ha anype s ve r onal know l edgeofanyoneel ef lng i t s m es ts di s ali n he a po he d . ( antf De , Pli if p. DE #1 - ,a p.4 7 . Fu t r r ,Pli if a m is t r i no r c r e d nc 51 1 t 9:-9) rhe mo e antf d t he e s e o d vi e e i ca i D ef ndantwason notc ofanyprorac dent ori de si vi p ndi tng e ie i ci s nci nt nvol ng as s enger s si ng a f lng whie e tng t s i i pool ( f' Ans r oPl' l t ro a o y lppi nd ali l xii he w mm ng . De .s we t .s n e r g t r No.1 DE /1 - ; DE #1 7, t3 . 8, / 513) ( 6 a ) Pl ntf r i upon#/cc f hepr ii t tpl ntf ne notpr Def nt ai if eles /çp ort oposton ha ai if ed ove enda hadnotc oft alege dange ouscondii . Roc y vRo Cari i e he l d r ton ke yal bbean Cr s , Lt No. uies 4 9970 2 W' 42 93( D.7a. b. 0, 001 ( d J) I Roc e , t dit itcourt - 8, 001 L 09 S. ll Fe 2 2 ) Gol, .. n ky he s rc f ound t t pl i if di not have t pr t cr s lne had notce of t danger ha a ntf d o ove he uie i i he ous condii i ane i ncea i whe et cr selne' ow n ac i i i pr ry s orng t ton n glge cton r he ui i s ton n m ope l t i he bi boar c ea ed t da r condii Rocke 2001 W L 420993,a *4-5. Rock y ngo d r t he nge ous ton y, t e . i ditnguihabl how e , beca e t def s si s e, ver us ht endant i Rock y c ea ed t ha r n e r t he za dous condii Suc w asnott ca e he e. The pr entcas i m or a ogoust Gr , i ton. h he s r es es e nal o oves n whc t Elve hCic ia fr dtedititc r' g a ofs mmayj gme i fvo ih he e nt r ut fime h src ou ts rnt u r ud ntn a r ofdef ndantw he e pl i i ff ied t pr de any f t s i t tdef ntha notc e r a ntf a l o ovi ac s how ng ha enda d ie ofhealge da e o de inofhednigae wh r plitf wa ij r d and t ew as t le d ng r us sg t i n ra e e anif s nu e , her no e de of ot sm ia a de s whi h coul ha put def nda on notce of a vi nce her i l r cci nt c d ve e nt i n ale dl da r condii l ge y nge ous ton.Gr es 201 W L 933236 at#1 Thus t l k ofnotce i ov , 2 . , he ac i n t i t ntc e i f alt Pl ntf'st y ofneglgence. he ns a as s at o ai il heor i 8 C. Def endantDi NotH ave a D ut To W arn d y I i a w el- e te prnci e ofm a ii e 1 w t ta s p- ne ow espa se ts ls tl d i pl rtm a ha hi ow r s nger t s he dut of exer sng r s y ci i ea onabl ca e under t c r sa e r he icum t nces Ker ec v Compagni . mar . e Ge r eT an atant , 8U. 62 ( 9 ) Re s na ec r i lde t ec rirsd y ne al r s l i 35 S. 5 1 59 . a o bl a e ncu s h a re ' ut que t wa n ofdanger t tar nota entorobvi . fub v.Car v Cruie Li 633 F. o r s ha e ppar ous y ni al s ne, S p. 41( D. a 1 6 .A cuielned sno ha a y d y t wa n o d n r t t up 40, S. Fl . 98 ) r s i oe t ve n ut o r f a ge s ha ar ofan ope a obvi na ur Young,2011W L 465366 a # e n nd ous t e. t 3. l t pr s cas a dange pos d by e tng t s i m i poolw as ope a n he e ent e, ny r e xii he w m ng n nd obvi t Pl ntf .Pl ntf c ous o ai if ai if oncedest tt r w a not ng t pr nthe f om s ng t ha he e s hi o eve rr eei he se t tp e i tt d he f l. ( antf De ,DE #1 - ,a p.4 1 ) M or o r tp ha r cpiae r al Pli if p. 51 1 t 6:-9 . e ve , Plitf h ba ha e tdtes j c s mmigpo u i t s mese j t me t anips us nd d xie h ube t wi n ol sng he a tps us mo ns be or he . 1 a p.43: 0. H a ng a t nded a aqua ae obi cl st ee t f tm e a f e r d. t 2-1 vi te n r cs as hr o our i s week i t t o yea s pr or t t i de on t cr s s p, Pl ntf had ext ve n he w r i o he nci nt he ui e hi ai i f ensi expe i rencew ih s i m i pool .1 a p.1 1 7.A sa expere t w m ng s d. t 92 4-1 n i nced s i e , ai if w mm r Pl ntf s d have be a ar oft pot ntalhaza dsas oci t w ih e tng a s m m i pool houl en w e he e i r s a ed t xii wi ng . Thi Cour fnds Young pa tcul ry i tuctve on t spoi .I You t pl ntf s ti r i a l nsr i hi nt n ng, he ai if br oughtaneglge a i a ns t de e i nce cton gai t he f ndantcr selne afe he ti ui i t r rpped and f lwhie el l hi ng on a s e excur i t thepa tci ed i durng t cr s ki hor s on ha r i pat n i he uie.See Young,2011W L 465366. N otng t tt pl ntf w as a e i ha he ai if n xpere inced hi ,t s Cour det r i t t ker hi t e m ned ha une n t r ai w asan a entda roft pl ntf hi ove aboul rfe dt agl ci r ve e r n ppar nge he ai ifs ke r de i l o a e , 9 a t t pl ntf ts el ... nd hat he ai i f sur y under t he woul be tave sng une , r s ood d r ri ven ugge t r n d er ai and t tt i ng i a rs pos by t ac i t .' 1 a # Thi Cour gr nt t c ui e ha rppi s i k ed he tviy ' d. t 4. s t a ed he r s lnesmo in f rs mmayj g nto tepli ifsne ie ecam,hodngt tte i ' to o u r ud me n h antf glg nc li li ha h c ui elneow edno dut t w ar t pl i ifoft obvi and a r ntda r pr e ed r s i y o n he a ntf he ous ppa e nge s es nt byt a tviy.1 a #3,Li w i t sCoul fndst tDef nti t pr se ac i had he c i t d. t ke se,hi ' i ha t enda n he e nt ton no dut t w a n Pl i ifoft pos i e da r pr e ed by e tng t s i m i pool y o r a ntf he sbl nge s es nt xii he w m ng . Addii l Pl ntf c e t tt dut t w a' doesnotdi cha ge D e e nt tonaly, ai if ont nds ha he y o l n s r f nda fo t du yt man ant p o ryi ar a o bl s f c nd to ( #1 7, t1 ; e r m he t o i t i he r pe t n e s na y a e o iin. DE 6 a 2) s e Ke s v Boc Rat Co y.Ho p. I . 711 So. 23 ( a 4 h DCA 1 98 (i ng r ul . a on mf s , nc, 2d 4 F1 . t 9 ) fndi Calhough t ope a obvi nat e of a ha d m a dichar a l ndow ne s dut t it he n nd ous ur zar y s ge a r' y o war i does not di c r t dut t m ai a n t pr ry i a r as n, t s ha ge he y o nt i he ope t n e onabl s e y af c ndto ' i c aloLotov Po n Ea tF Con mi u Co p.70 So.d 1 61( a. r o ii n.l w e s t . i t s wo do ni m r , 2 2 3 Fl 3 d ' DCA 1 7 . I Ke s ,t Pl i ifsipe a f l o a u ve sde l o ti a 99 ) n r ul he antf lp d nd e l n n ne n i wak u sde hos t .Ke sul 711So. a 234. The Fl i Thid D iti tCour ofA ppeal r ve s a pial r , 2d t orda r sr c t s e r ed ga tofs mmayj dg nta ans t plitfs i ig t tt plitfsprs ne rn u r u me g i t he anif,fndn ha he anif ee td evi et t da rwasnotope a obvi andt t hos t m ayha hadnotce denc hat he nge n nd ous hat he pial ve i oft dange ouscondii t ough a prori dent 1 he r ton hr i nci . d. Thepr s n a to ho ve ,sd si g s bl îo Ke s lnt wa : 1 Pl itf e e t c in, we r i itn uiha e ç m r u i wo ys ( ) an if ha n tpr s ntd e d nc t tt da e wa n o i us ( Pl i ifha n tp e t e s o e e e vi e e ha he ng r s ot bv o ; 2) antf s o r s ntd a tvi nce t s ny de o how t tD e e ntf l t m a nt n t pr rt i a r ona y saf ha f nda aied o i ai he ope y n eas bl e 10 c dton.Hee tese us dt e thepo weeo o .Pli ifha uswac dhe on ii r,h tps e o xit ol r bvius antf dj t the r hus nd exi t poolus ng t e se Pl ntf adm is i w oul notbe unr asonabl t ba t he i hos t ps. ai if t t d e e o t nk t tw a erw oul be pr ent a ound t pool 1 a p.51: hi ha t d es r he . d. t 6-9. I i cl t tt t s ear ha he pr e oft ale danger-t s i m i es nce he l ged he w m ngpoole t-was ors dhavebee obvi xi , houl n, ous t Pl ntf by t or nar us ofhers es. See Lub 633 F.Supp.40. A ccor ngl o ai i f he di y e ens y, 5 di y, Dee f ndantdi notbr ch isdut ofca e t Pl ntf . d ea t y r o ai if I .C oncl i V us on Pl ntf ha notof e e a e dencet tD ef ntw asr pons bl f t aleged ai if s f r d ny vi ha enda es i e or he l i pr m operdes gn,had notceoft a l i i he leged dange ouscondii orhad adut t wana The r ton, yo . r cor e de s e d vi nce hows t Pl i iff lw hie exii t s i m i poolon D ef nda ' hat antf el l tng he w m ng e nts cuies p.d antf' ij isaeun o tnae. we r(th r i afla y whihs e r s hi b i its nure r f ru t Ho ve, (l ee s alc , c e ms pl t b wiey a c ptd,t tfr a pe s a ij r howe rc usd,s me pes n or o e d l c e e ha o ny ron l nu y, ve a e o ro i tum ent iy s d be labl i da a s.Such i not and has ne r been t 1 w .' nsr alt houl i e n m ge s ve he a '' Y n ,2011WL 465 6 a * ( tngfavn v Ge r M il, nc, 1 F. pp. 33 ou g 36 t 4 quo i ie . ne al l l . 4 9 Su 2d 2, s 3 7 ( D.Ga 1 1) Thee i n g nune is e off c t tc ul s po ta tilon 3 N. . 98 ). r s o e i s u a t ha o d up r ra Plitf n glg n ecam.Theeo e s anips e ie c li rfr , ummayj dg n i a pr p it. r u me t s p o rae 5n fub , acr s s p pas enger s t cr s lne afers ti l y uie hi s , ued he uie i t he rpped overa l edge t hat s r urounded t showeri herba hr .fuby,633 F.Supp.at40.The l he n t oom edge w asl ed behi a ocat nd s howercurt n. Even so,t Courtf ai he ound,$l i cl t t tt pr enceoft I $t s ear hen ha he es he edge behi t nd he s we c ti wa , s oudha be n o vi t ( an if b t or n r us o he s ns s' 1 ho r uran s or h l ve e , b ous o plitfl y he dia y e f r e e . d. ' Th Co tga e s e ur rntd ummayjdg n t tecus l , dngt fnda i e tte t e pe tasa r u me t o h rie i holi s e nts nild o x c, ne De ma troflw,ha g an if wo dp r ev t twhihwoud b o o t he up t o di r u eof te a t t plitfj ul e c ie ha c l e bvius o r on he r na y s hers es' 1 ens .' é 11 Upon ca ef cons der ton oft r d,a heCour bei ot r ief l a s d, r ul i ai he ecor ndt t ng he w s uly dvi e i i her t s eby O RD ER ED ,AD JU DG ED,and DECR EED a f l s s olow : De e a tsSe o dRe we M o in f rS f nd n ' c n ne d to o umma yJ g n ( #1 )be r ud me t DE 51 , a t s m e i ,her by G R ANTED i f vorofDef nda RoyalCa i nd he a s e n a e nt rbbean Cr s Li ,Lt d/ aRoya Ca i n Cr s Li uies nes d. b/ l r bbea uie nes. A 1 pe ng m otonsar he eby D EN I asm oot 1 ndi i e r ED . 2. The Cl k s lCLO SE t sc er hal hi ase. J i diton i r er f a det m i ton off esand cos s urs c i s es ved or er na i e t. DO NE and O R DERED i cha be s a t J es Lawr n m r t he am ence K i Feder J tc ng al us i e Buidi and Unied St esCourhous ,M i m i Fl i t s21 tda ofJune,201 l ng t at t e a , orda hi s y 2. # , , ' / , . ' ' J A X S LA W M N CE K I G N U THERN D I STRI O F F CT CC: Co e f Pl i W uns l or a nt M ark Davi Pres d s St bi ki& Funt a ns 757 N W 27t A venue h 3r Fl d oor M im i FL 331 a , 25 305643- 00 31 Fax:305643-1 382 EmalMprs@ sa is -u .o i: e s tbn kifntc m 1 2 RI DA Co e f Dee nt uns l or f nda s Jef r Er c For an f ey i em For m an Fredm a PA e i n, One Bi c s ayne Tower 2 S Bi ca Boul r s yne eva d Suie 2300 t M i i FL 331 -1 am , 31 803 305- 6555 358Fa 305- 9077 x: 374- Emaljoe n fl g lc m i:f rma @ te a.o Br tM i et chaelBe an rm For m an Fredm an,PA e i 2 Sout Bi ca Boul va d h s yne e r Suie 2300 t M i i FL 331 am , 31 ( 05 35 - 55 3 ) 86 5 Emalbb r n flg lc m i: ema @ fe a.o K ari M .Cerda na For a Fredm a P. . em n i n, A One Bica Tow er s yne Suie 2300 t 2 Sout BicayneBoulva d h s e r M i i FL 331 am , 31 305- 6555 358Fax:3053749077 Emalkc r a fl ga.o i: ed @ te l m c 13
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