Urquilla-Diaz et al v. Kaplan University et al, No. 1:2009cv20756 - Document 314 (S.D. Fla. 2012)
Court Description: ORDER denying 288 Motion to Dismiss; denying 288 Motion for Judgment on the Pleadings. Signed by Judge Patricia A. Seitz on 5/21/12. (tp)
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Urquilla-Diaz et al v. Kaplan University et al Doc. 314 U N I D STAT ES D ISTR IC T CO UR T TE SO U TH ER N DI STRI T O F FLO R I A C D CASE N O. 20756- V- TZ/ M ONTON 09CI SEl Sl U NI TED STA TES OF AM ER I , CA e r .J DE GI x el U LLESPI E, Pl ntf , ai if K A PLAN UN I ERSI , tal, V TY e . De enda s f nt. / ORDER DENYI M OTI TO DI I AND M OTI FOR JUDGM ENT ON THE NG ON SM SS ON PLEADI S NG THI M ATTER i bef et Cour on Def nda s M oto t Dim isf La k of S s or he t e nt ' i n o s s or c S b e t atrJ rs ito o ,nteAlen t e Moi nf rJ d me to teP e d n s( u j c M te u id ci n r i h tr ai , to o u g n n h la i g DEv 28 2 Reao Gils efldt sq ia a to pus a t oteFas Cli Ac ( CA) 8 . ltr lepi ie hi u tm cin ru n t h le ams t F . Gil pi s Sec Am e d Co pl nta l est tDe e nt fl f le cai sf pa e les e' ond nde m ai leg ha f nda s ied a s l m or ym nt u d rTil I o t eHih r u ainAc ( n e te V f h g e Ed c to t HEA)b c u ete weeno eii et fl t e e a s h y r t l bl o ie h g cai sbas d on t i f l et c lm e her aiur o ompl wih r quie t ofei biiy.De e nt s e t y t e r men s lgi lt f nda s e k o ds s b c us teCo r lc ss be t te j rs ito bae o t g v r me ta to b r imis e a e h u ta k u jc matr u id ci n s d n he o en n -cin a o t eFCA.I t atr aie De e d nss e j d me to t ep e d n sb c u eGils i ' fh n he len tv , fn a t e k u g n n h la i g e a s l p es e c pl i s s o isf e t tt vi a i a t ba e ofGil s e' FCA cl m w e e not om a nt how n t ac ha he ol tons t he s le pi s ai r m a e i lt t G ove n e ,a e s ntale e e ofGil pi s c a m s Bec us t Cour has t r a o he r m nt n s e i l m nt les e' l i a e he t s b e tmatr u idcina is e o f c e s a t mae ilt, fn ns M oinsae u j c te j rs ito nd su s f a t xit s o trai Dee da t' to r y de e ni d. Dockets.Justia.com 1. Fact and ProceduralH i ory s st Gil s e a f r e e oye ofDe e nt,aongwiht o he f me e pl es le pi, o m r mpl e f nda s l t wo t r or r m oye , fl d t rfrtc pli unde s alon M a c 7,2008. Subs que l t a e d compl nt ie hei is om a nt re rh e nty, wo m nde ai s wer tld.Theopertvec antt Sec Ame e ie ai ompli ,he ond ndedCo ai ( 1 , sfl u r mpl nt DE- 70) wa ied nde s a on J 24, e l une 2009 a uns ld, Cour or r on J y 1 2009. Uli t y, heCour nd eae by t de , ul 5, tma el t t dim is d one ofGil pi ' cli s dimis d t FCA c am sbr ug by t ot re oye s s se les e s am , s s e he li o ht he he mpl e , a s ve edanot rcli l vi onl Gils e' FCA cai pe ng i t sc e. nd e r he a m, ea ng y le pi s l ms ndi n hi as Def nt Ka a Uni riy( a Ka a Hi rEduc ton Cor ( enda s pln vest KU) nd pln ghe ai p.KHEC)ae r a c edied b t H i rLea ni Com m i s on a a e r c pi nt off de als ude fna a ai c r t y he ghe r ng s i nd r e i e s e r t nt i nci l d f undsfom t U. De rm e ofEduc ton,puruantt t HEA. KU oper t num e ous r he S. pa t nt ai s o he aes r onlneeduc tona e e prs stz i a i l ntr ie h oughoutt Unie St t . KU i a wholy owne s i ar of he td aes s l d ubsdi y KHEC. KHEC i adi so ofDefnda Ka a l ( p1n)2 Relt J Gils e I s viin e nt pln, nc.Ka a . aor ude le pi w or d f D e e ke or f ndant 3f o Apr l2004 t oug A pr l2005 a a Cour e D e ope , e t e s rm i hr h i s s vel r D parm nt Cha r an,a A s oc a e Pr es orofPa a e lSt es im nd s i t of s r l ga udi . Gil pi scl msalgeavi ai oft Pr r m Pa tcpai Agee nt( .l les e' ai le olton he og a rii ton r me PPA) n or t obt n f der lsude fnanca ad t ough Til I oft HEA, e atonal der o ai e a t nt i il i hr te V he an duc i i tt i mus c riyt t Unie Sttsgovenment( r nt t tiwilc ywih nsiuton t e tf o he td ae r Govenme ) ha t l ompl t l he Sec nd Am e ' r o nded Com pli ,i t s m epa a a al gest tKU i awholy a nt n he a r gr ph, le ha s l owne s i a y ofTheW as ng on Pos Compa a t tKU i awholyowne s i a y d ubsdir hi t t ny nd ha s l d ubsdi r ofK HEC. 2 Se nd Am e d Com pl i doesnotexpl n w ha De enda Ka a does The co nde a nt ai t f nt pl n . 3 Se nd Am e d Com pl i doesnots iy f w hi h oft D e e nt Gil pi The co nde a nt pec f or c he f nda s les e w or d. ke sa ut y a r gul or pr r quiiese tbls d by t HEA a t De t e ofEd ton tt or nd e at y e e st sa ihe he nd he parm nt uca i ( DOE) Ce tfcai i donet o ht e utonofaPPA. . rii ton s hr ug he xec i Gil pi ' cai sa l ea vi ai n oft PPA bas o De e nt 'a l ge f iur t les e s l m leg olto he ed n f nda s le d a l e o c pl w ih s to 504 oft Re biia i A c . The PPA r f r est tt e om y t ec i n he ha lt ton t4 e e enc ha he duca i l tona i tt i w ilc pl w ih s c i 5 oft R e biia i Ac . On Apr l1 2005, Gil pi ns iuton l om y t e ton 04 he ha lt ton t i 4, les e fldaeompli wiht DOE' Ofkeo Ci lRiht ( ie ant t he s t f vi g s OCR)be a eDe e nt f l t c us f nda s aied o ac c omm odae Gil pi sbi a dio de .TheOCR i ve tg t d t c am ,whih i de e but t les e' polr s r r n si a e he l i c t ni d, i Oc obe 2005 t OCR f n t r , he ound t tDe enda swe ei vi a i ofs c i 504 oft ha f nt r n olton e ton he Re lt ton Ac and isi plm e i r gultonss A sar ul oft fndi OCR a habiia i t t m e ntng e a i . es t he i ngs nd 4 c i 50 oft Re biia i Ac , 29U. C. 794, e dsi pe t nt r: se ton 4 he ha lt ton t S. j r a n ri pa t ne ()Prmul ton ofr e a rgulto a o gai uls nd e ains N oot nviequalfe i vi lwih adia lt i t Unie St es asdefne i he s iid ndi dua t s biiy n he t d at , i d n s ton705( oft stte,s l s eyb r s n ofhe orhi dia lt bee l eci 20) hi il hal, oll y ea o r s sbiiy, xcuded fo t pa t iain i, d n e teb n ft o , r es b e tdt ds rmiain r m he ri p to n be e id h e eis f o b u j ce o ici n to c u ra pr a or a tviy r c vi Fe r fna i las i t nce orund a pr r nde ny ogr m c i t e ei ng de al i nc a s s a er ny og mn o a tviy c uct by a Exec i a ncyorby t Unie St t PosalSe v c .The r ci t ond ed ny utve ge he td aes t r i e hea ofe h s h a nc s l pr ul t s h r ul tons a m a be ne es a y t ca r d ac uc ge y ha l om ga e uc eg a i s y c s r o ry o t a e ut he m ndm e st t s s c i m ade by t Re lt ton,Co pr hensve Se vi s nt o hi e ton he habiia i m e i r ce , a Deveopm e a Dia lte Ac of1 nd l nt l s biiis t 978. #** ( C ogrm ora tviy'dei d b) i a pr ci t ' fne Fort pur esoft s s cto t t m d ogr m ora tviy' m ea a loft he pos hi e i n, he er t pr a c i t ' ns 1 he ope a i of r tons +++ ( ( a e iecopor to pa t rhi orot rprvaeor niai ora e ies e 3)A) n ntr r ain, rnes p, he i t ga z ton, n ntr ol pr i t s popre or hi - ()i a ssanc i e ende t s hc porton, rne s p, i t or niai ors e i f sit e s xt d o uc or ai pa t rhi prvae ga z ton, ol pr pre or hi a a whol or o it s p s e; (i whih i prnci lyenga di t busne sofpr di e ai he lhc r i) c s i pal ge n he i s ovi ng duc ton, at ae, hous ng,s a s vi es orpa ks a r r a i i oci l er c , r nd ec e ton; 5 OCR s to is fndi i a O c obe 27, 2005 doc e whi h sa e t The e ut t i ngs n n t r um nt c t t d hat Def nt weei vi ato ofscton 50 f t f lwi r s :( )t uni riydoe not enda s r n ol in e i 4 or he olo ng ea ons 1 he ve st s Def nda se e e i o a Res uto Agr me , whi h wa f l e c e on Ocobe 27, 2005. e nt nt r d nt ol i n ee nt c s uly xe ut d t r Bas o t OCR' fndi ,Gil s e al st tDefnda sf lel c rii d t t ed n he S i ngs le pi lege ha e nt a s y e tfe o he Gove nm e t tt w e e i c pla e w ih t ne s ar pr r qui ie t obt i ng f de a r nt ha hey r n om i nc t he ce s y e e s t s o a ni e r l f ng.Gils ealo a lgest t e n afe e e i i o t Re ol i A gr e e , undi le pi s le ha , ve t r nt rng nt he s uton e m nt Def nt c i d t bei non- ompla ewih t Re biiai Ac andw ih t enda s ontnue o n c inc t he ha lt ton t t he R e ol ton A g e m e . H ow e r by proror r t Cour lmied Gil s e' c am st t tme s ui r e nt ve , i de , he ti t le pi s l i o he i fa ec rng o y up untlt OCR f r m ove i nl i he ound De e nt i c f nda s n ompla ewih t Re biia i i nc t he ha lt ton Ac . On Nove be 27, 2007, f nda sa t Gove n e entr i o ane PPA . t6 m r De e nt nd he r m nt e ed nt w I . The M o i t D i m i s i D e e I t on o s s s ni d Dee da t mo et d s s f rlc o s b e tmatr u idcinbae o t fn ns v o imis o a k f u jc te j rs ito s d n he g r m e - to ba i t FCA , hi s a es ove n ntac i n r n he w ch t t : l noe ntma aperonbrnga a tonunde s e ton( whih i ba e upon n ve y s i n ci r ubs ci b) c s s d alg to sor rnscin wh c aet es be t facv l ut ra a mi itaiecv l le ain ta a to s ih r h u jc o ii s io n d n srtv ii m one pe t pr e ng i whih t Gove nm e ti a r a apa y. y naly oc edi n c he r n s le dy rt 3 U. C. 3 3 ()3 .Dee d n sag eta, nisfc ,h S c n Ame d dCo an 1 S. j 7 0 e( ) fn a t r u h t o t a e te e o d n e mplit ha publs dpr ed e deaii how adiablde oye ca rqueta ommodai ;( ve ihe oc ur s t lng s e mpl e n e s cc tons 2) t uni r iy ne ded t pr depolcesa pr ce e t ta e sdic i i ton s pa a ey he ve st e o ovi i i nd o dur s ha ddr s s rm nai e r t l fom haasme ;( t c antpr e es dbea nde t pr det dealdpr es r r s nt 3) he ompli oc dur houl me d o ovi he tie oc s bywhihempl esco ds e i or la fr lr ol i oft i c er ;( t c oye ul e k nf ma nd oma es uton her onc ns 4) he uni r iy s ul de i na e co i t nty t w ho i or ala f m a co pl i sm a be ve s t ho d s g t ns s e l o m nf m nd or l m a nt y a d e s d ( )tep iisa dp o e u e s o l bea n e t p o d ad fn tv ma e a d d rse ; 5 h ol e n r c d r s h u d me d d o r vie eiii e nn r n c tmei whihi tgai aet bec ee ( t c antpr ed e s dbe i n c nvesi tons r o ompltd; 6) he ompli oc ur s houl a e d t r quiet uni r iyt notf c m pl na si wrtngoft r ulsof m nde o e r he ve st o iy o ai nt n ii he es t i tgai ;a ( t polcess d sto t wheeonec da ala i si ton' nvesi tons nd 7) he ii houl e ut o r oul ppe n nve tgai s fndi . i ngs 6t i notcea fo t Sec Ame 1 s l r r m he ond nded Co pl ntwhe t OCR f m ai n he ound De e f ndan si t n co i nc Howe r i woul a mpla e. ve ,t d ppea fo doc e sfl d wih t Cour t tt OCR m a r rm um nt ie t he t ha he de istndi ofc t s ng ompla eno lt rt n M a 24,2007. inc a e ha y 4 de monsr t st tt Gove nm e ha ale i si t d a r ol d t ough a ta e ha he r nt s r ady nve tga e nd es ve hr n a i s r tve pr ee ng t cl i st ta e t ba i ofGil pi s FCA cl i s Spec f c ly, dm nit a i oc di he a m ha r he s s les e' am . ii a l De e nt a guet tt OCR pr e di t tr ule fom Gil pi sflng ofhi OCR f nda s r ha he oc e ngs ha es t d r les e' ii s c ompli a eça a i sr tvecvi m o y pe ly pr e i i whih t Gove m e ti ant r dn dm nitai i l ne nat oc edng n c he m n s a r dy a pa t ' lea ry. ' Thesa ut doe no de i d dm i sr tve cvi moneype lypr e i ' t tt e s t fne i nitai i l a nat oc ed ng'and he Elve h Cic thasnota esed t si s Howe r t Fis Cic thassaedt t e nt r ui ddr s hi s ue. ve , he r t r ui t t ha : w he i i notc e w he he ornota quit a ton s d be ba r d b t a bi nts l ar t r am c i houl r e y he m guous pr son pr l ngt a ton i i i S s d upon ta a i o al ga i whi h a e ovii ecudi he c i f t s d e ba r ns ctons r le tons c r tes b e t ' n te s to p o e dn i whc t eg v r me ti ap ry wet ik h u j c of a oh r ui r r c e ig n ih h o e n n s a t, hn t aco ts d l fr tt whehert t ca e c n pr rybevi hat ur houl ook is o t he wo s s a ope l ewed a havi s ng t qualte ofahos/ r st r l to hi l a we i t squesi wet nk i woul he iis tpa a ie e ai ns p. n ns rng hi ton, hi t d beus f f t c t o begui b t de i to oft wor S a ie,' a a k eul or he our t ded y he fnii n he d t st ' nd s par whehe t quit c s i r c vi ts t r he am a e s e ei ng çuppor,a nt ge ort lke' r t t t' t dva a , he i 'fom he t ' hos c s (nwhi t g r nti apa t ç t gi nga us ulorpr pe rt n't a e i ch he ovenme s ry) û hout vi ny ef wi o r eur 'o t govenme ( a l s ha ngt poe i t dos .Se Ra he r nt or t eat vi he tntalo o) e ndom Hous Dito r e cinay oft Engls La ge1 ( ed. brdge 1 ) I t sq si i a weedi he ih ngua 409 2d una i d 987 .f hi ue ton s ns r n t a fr tve t c tma pr ry c udet tt r i a i ntt be we n C he he fima i , he our y ope l oncl ha he e s n de iy t e t t b ss' fheq i a a to a dçhes be to 'heoh rs i o p o e dn i ti a i'o t u t m cin n t u j c f t t e ul r r c e ig;f h s t que ton i a wer d i t ne tve t c tsm ia l m a ga he t ts h an i ntt si s ns e n he ga i , he our i l ry y t r ha uc de iy i lc ig. . g ) ti ki ce rt a aq i a s i' p tnilfra dn f n t t e s a kn . .W e h n t la h t u t m uts o e ta o d ig u ds o h gove nme ' c f r ,wihoutm or ,s d notber ga ded a c tt i us ulor r nts ofe s t e houl e r s onsiutng ef properr ur t t gover ent et n o he nm . US e r lS Pr we d Co v Fle Ba ko ie 2 F.d3 0 3 7 28( s Ci. 9 4 .Th . x e. . a r r . . e t n fMan , 4 3 2 , 2 - 1 t r 1 9 ) e Pr rCour concuded t tt c s be or i wa no ba r b t gove nm e - ci ba awe t l ha he a e f e t s t red y he r nta ton r be us i pr vi d a l ef orpr rr t n't t gove nm e be a e i s ca e t o de s ul us ope e ur ' o he r nt c us t oughtt r c rf o e ove or a alg d fa do t eg v mme t h t a n t e b e tes b e to acam b t e n le e r u n h o e n t a h d o y t e n h u j c f li y h go nme a i ha t po e ilt r t r mone t t publcfs t tw o d nota co d ver nt nd t d he t nta o eso e y o he i ie ha ul nd ul notha be r sor d i t ea lerc e.1 a 329.l U S. e r lCos ne v URS Cons t s ve en e t e n he ri as d. t n x e t r . ulant , I . 1 F. 667,67 ( t Ci.1 ,t Ei h Cic t r l ng on Prewar,alo hel t a nc, 53 3d 6 8h r 998) he ght rui, eyi s d hat quit a i wasnotbare be us i wass e ngt r m e afa t tt gov am cton r d ca e t e ki o e dy r ud ha he e nm e had r nt notye a tmptd t r medy.Tha i t c s he e. Gils e i s e ng t r dy a al d t te e o e t s he a e r le pi s e ki o eme n lege fa do t eGo e n n wh c h sn t e ntes be t fa yp irp o e dn Gils e' ru n h v r me t ih a o b e h u j c o n ro r c e igs le pi s . OCR compl ntal ed dic i i ton by KU a i thi ;i di notale fa o even alege ai leg s rm na i ga ns m t d l ge r ud r l t s ve vi a i oft Re biia i Ac f undast r ul oft OCR i si i n. Thus he e n oltons he ha ltton t o he es t he nve tgato , t OCR i tga i whih wa f us d on Gils e' team e , and t fa a t hea tof he nvesi ton, c s oc e le pi s r t nt he r ud t he r t quit m a to ar notbas o t s m eta aci nsorale tons. he a cin e ed n he a r ns to lga i De e d n sr l o Fo n a inf rFarCo ta tn ,Lt. . fn a t ey n u d to o i nr cig d v G&M Ea tr Co ta tn , se n nr cig 2 9F. u 2 3 9( N.. 0 3 t s pp r t ec n l so t a teOCR iv si ai n 5 S pp d 2 D. J 2 0 ) o u o t h o cu in h t h n e tg to consiut s( n a i sr tvecvi m o pe ly pr ee ng i whih t Gove nm e i tt e t dm nitai i l ney nat oc di n c he a r nt s ale dy apa t ' Howe r t i tga i byt De rme ofLa ri Foundaton wa ra ry. ' ve , he nvesi ton he pa t nt bo n i s ba e on t e c s me c s d he xa t a ompl i st tt quit aci wasbas on - i c a er pori ant ha he am ton ed nac ur t e tng oft s m e e pl ee hour ,i cc a e r por i ofe pl yee nu be s and w a m i he a m oy s na ur t e tng m o m r, ge s cl s i i t o . 1 a 337- Furhe m or , i Foundaton,t De rm e ofLa ha a r a a s fca i ns d. t 38. t r e n i he pa t nt bor d le dy r c r dm one f t vi ai e ove e y or he ol tons Tha i nott c e i t i t ntma tr ts he as n he nsa te . Gil pi sc les e' ompl i t OCR di notaleg fa a wasba ed o al ge ant o d l e r ud nd s n le d dic i i t o by K U a i tG il pi .? The O CR c pl i onl na e K U ;i w asno a i t s r m na i n ga ns les e om a nt y m d t t ga ns t o he De e n st t ss t Furhe , he t r f nda t o hi ui. t r OCR di notr a h t sag ofpr e ngswhe ei d e c he t e oc edi r t c d at mptt r c ra mone Addii ly, OCR ' Oc obe 27,2005 l te t ts t out oul te o e ove ny y. tonal S t r e t r ha e s 7 ' OCR c r c e i d Gil s e' c 'he I ha a t rze le pi s ompl n a c ani al ga i t Ka a ait s ont i ng le tons hat pl n Uni r iy f l t pr dea co moda i her quese a t tKa a Uni st r t it d ve st aied o ovi c m tons e t d nd ha pln veriy ealae a i tGil s e.SeeDE- 1 gans le pi 289- . 6 istndi r ga di Gils e' co pl ntsa e t ti S snoti ende nors d i be t i ngs e r ng le pi s m ai tt s ha t ' i nt d houl t , c tue t cove a ot ris rga di ( s c inc wih Se ton504t tma onsr d,o r ny he sues e r ng KU'J ompla e t ci ha y e s a a enotdi c s d her i .' Se D Exit nd r s us e en ' e 289- a 24. Thus t bassoft OCR co ant 1 t , he i he mpli i nott s me a t bassf Gil s e' FCA cl m - t De e nt f lel c rii t tt s he a s he i or le pi s ai hat f nda s a s y e tfed ha he y weei c incewih j50 oft Re lttonAc i or rt r ei f rlf r n ompla t 4 he habiiai t n de o ec ve edea unds . Be aus Gil pi sOCR co pl ntdi notale fa a t OCR di noti tga efa c e les e' m ai d lge r ud nd he d nvesi t r ud , t gove nm e - to ba doesno a yi t sc e a t M oton t Dim isi de e . he r ntaci n r t ppl n hi as nd he i o s s s ni d 1 1 The M oton f Judg enton t Pl adi s i D e ed 1. i or m he e ng s ni l t eatr aie De e d n smo ef r u g n o tepla ig ag i t a Gils i n h len tv , fn a t v o j d me t n h e dn s r ung h t l pe e c nnotesa ih matra iy,anec s ay elm e ofhi cli . d udgm e ont pl a ngsi a t bls e ilt e s l e nt s am d l nt he e di s pr rwhe no is sofma e i lf c e s, a dt mo igpat i e tte t j d me ta a ope n s ue t ra a t xit n he vn ry s n i d o u g n s l matro lw ba e o tes bsa c o tepla ig a a yj d cal n tc dfcs' An r te f a s d n h u tn e f h e dn s nd n u iil o ie a t. d x y ' Pha mac ial,l v El Cor ., 421F. 1 r eutc s nc. . an p 3d 227,1 2( 1h Ci. ) Maeilis of 23 1 t r 2005 . tra sues f c do e s r ga di m aera iy;t r f e,j d me to tepla i g i no a prp it a t i a t xit e r ng t ilt he e or u g n n h e d n s s t p o rae t hs poi i t pr e ngs nt n he oce di . Thi Cour haspr vi l hel t tt ea e f ee e st a f le c rii ai cai : s t e ousy d ha her r our lm nt o a s e tfc ton l m ( )t s si ofaflecai ( s e er ( t flesae ntmus bemaei t t l he ubmison as l m;2) cint ; 3) he as ttme t tralo he govemne ' decsont pa outmo yst t cama ;a ( a acualcli orc lo t r nts ii o y ne o he li nt nd 4) n t am al n he govenme fs Se DE-1 i CaeNo.09- 02057(ii Unie atse r .Hendow v r nt ic. e 9n s mdctng tdst e x el . Unv ri o o nx 4 1F.d 1 6 1 717 ( t Ci. 0 6 ) Dee d n sa s r ta b c u e ie st fph e i, 6 3 1 6, 1 -3 9h r 2 0 ). fn a t se th t e a s y t Gove nme be me a r ofDe e nt 'vi a i oft Re biia i Ac a a r s tof he r nt ca wa e f nda s oltons he ha ltton t s e ul isOCR i si ton i o Gils e' c t nve tga i nt le pi s ompli a contnuedt pa De e nt, t a nt nd i o y f nda s he Re ltton Ac vi a i we enotm a e i t t Go nme ' de i i t pay. habiia i t oltons r t ral o he ver nts c son o Co s q e ty Dee d n sag et yaee tte t j d me to tepla ig n e u nl , f n a t r u he r n ild o u g n n h e dn s . Gils efr tr s le pi is e pondst tt M oton f rJ ha he i o udgm e on t Pl di i untm ey a nt he ea ngs s i l nd bardunderFe a Rul ofCi lPr e e 1 g)2) whihsae : re derl e vi oc dur 2( ( , c tts Exce aspr dedi Rul 1 h)2 or() apa t t tmake amotonunde t sr e pt ovi n e 2( () 3, ry ha s i r hi ul mu tn t k a t e mo inu d rt i r er iigad fn eo o j ci nta wa s o ma e noh r to n e hs ul asn e e s r b e to h t s a lbl t t pary bu omit fo isea le moton. vaia e o he t t ted r m t ri r i W hieGils e sa est t e eptonsdo nota y, Rul 1 h)2)doe a y.Rul 1 h)2) l le pi tt hat he xc i ppl e 2( ( s ppl e 2( ( sae ta dfalr t rieacam u o wh c r le c nb g a td. . yberie tts h t t j i e o as li p n ih eif a e rn e . ma g u asd . . . ia n moinu d rRu e1 ()' Rul 1 ()c esmoi n fr u g n o tepla ig Thus, to n e l 2 c . e 2 c ov r to s o j d me t n h e dn s ' . Dee d n s mo ini n tb re u d rRu e1 ( )2 . fn a t' to s o ard n e l 2 g ( ) Gils ene oppos st m oto ba e on t t tf m ae ilt . Gils ea s rst t le pi xt e he i n s d he es or tra iy le pi s e t ha t pr pe ts i t d t a tndenc 'es whihi afct que ton f aj y. Thus he o r e t s he f url e na y't t c s a ual si or ur ' , j d me to tep e dn si no a p o rae Dee d nsa s r t t au a tnd n yi n the u g n n h la ig s t p r p it . f n a t s etha n t rl e e c s o t co r tt s .Howeve ,s eque t t brefng oft sm otont Elvent Cic ta ed t rec e t r ubs nt o he i i hi i he e h r ui dopt he n t a tn e c ts, ttn ta ttobemaeilamirp e e tto mus ha et a ii t aurl e d n y e t saig h tt l l tra, se r sn ain t v he b ly o t i l et gove nmen ' de son- ki .' Unied St e e r l M at n v M e Healh nfuenc he r ts cii ma ng ' t at s x e . he y . dco t Soutons l .671F. 1 7,1 ( 1hCi.201 .TheMat n Co tciedt Ne rv l i , nc, 3d 21 228 1 t r 2) he y ur t o de . Unie St e 5 U. 1 1 ( 999) frt defnii ofmaeilt a ha ngt S t al td ats, 27 S. , 6 1 , o he i ton traiy s vi he s ur na t nde yt i l e ..t decsonm a ng bodyt whih i wa a es e .'' e nc o nfuenc he ii ki o c t s ddr s d ' f nt a guet tm aera iy i am i d que ton ofl w a f tt ti f ac t o De enda s r ha t ilt s xe si a nd ac ha s or our t de e m i . Att ss ag oft pr e ngs t Co tnee notde e m i w he he i i a t r ne hi t e he oce di , he ur d t r ne t rts q eto frteCo r o f rtej r b c u eDe e d nsaeno e tte t j d me t nte u sin o h u t r o h u y e a s fn a t r t n ild o u g n o h p e dn sa ti j n tr . la ig th s u cu e 8 Gi n t sde i ton ofm ae ilt ,j d me t nt epe dn i n ta p o raeb c u e ve hi fnii tra iy u g n o h la igs s o p r p it e a s , tki t pl a ngsi t lg m os fvor bl t Gil s e i i notcea fom t pl a ngst t a ng he e di n he iht t a a e o le pi, t s l r r he e di ha De e nt 'r e e a i t ti wa i c pla ewiht Reha lt ton Ac di not f nda s epr s ntton ha t s n om i nc t he biia i t d i l ncet Go r ntsdec son t pa Def nda s Unde t naur ltnde yt s t nfue he ve nme ' ii o y e nt . r he t a e nc e t he , Gove nmentsc i d pa r ' ontnue yment t De e nt afe la ni t tDef nda swe enoti s o f nda s tr e r ng ha e nt r n c ompla do notclary de o ta et tt Gove n e wasno i l nce by Def nda s' ince e l m nsr t ha he r m nt t nfue d e nt r pr s nt i nsr ga di c e e e ato e r ng ompla e.W hiet Gove nme c i inc l he r nt ontnued t pa De e an sa tr o y f nd t fe i dic r Def nda s non- mpla ewih t Re biiai Ac , i di s i lghtoft t s ove ed e nt ' co i nc t he ha lt ton t t d o n i he f c t tDef nt e e edi o t Re ol i Agr e ntwhe e De e n sa e t a t ha enda s nt r nt he s uton e me r by f nda t gr ed o c r c t i non- ompla . Li wie, heGove nme ' de i i t entri o ane PPA ore t her c ince ke s t r nts c son o e nt w occ r d onl a trt OCR ha f ure y fe he d ound t tDefnda swe ei f lcompla wih t ha e nt r n ul ince t he Re biia i Ac .Thus a t ssageoft pr ce di , t f c spld i t compl i do no ha lt ton t , t hi t he o e ngs he a t e n he ant t c e ry e tbls t tDe e nt 'r e e a i i t PPA t tt y we ei c l a l sa ih ha f nda s epr s ntton n he ha he r n ompla ewih inc t t Re biia i Actwasnotm aera t t Gove nm e ' de son t c i t pa he ha lt ton t il o he r nts cii o ontnue o y Dee d n s Th sj d me to tepla i g i no a p o rae fn a t. u ,u g n n h e d n s s t p r p it . Acc di y,i i or ngl t s ORD ERED t t ha : 1 Dee d n s M o int Dimisf rLa k o S b e tM atrJ rs i o o ,nte ) fn a t' to o s s o c f u j c te u iddin r i h Al m aie Mo inf rJ d me to tePe dng ( 28 )i DENI t tv , to o u g n n h la i s DE- 8 s e ED. 9 2)ReltrJ Gil pi sRe tf Or Ar ume Re r ng Dee nt'Pe ng ao ude les e' ques or al g nt gadi fnda s ndi Mo int Dimisf rLa ko S be t atrJ rs ito o , i t Aler i , M oton f to o s s o c f u j c M te u idcin r n he t natve i or J d me to t ePla igs( 2 1i DENI a mo t u g n n h e dn DE-96 s ED s o . r D ON E a ORD ERED i M i m i Fl i t s nd n a , orda,hi da ofM a , 2012. y y PAT C1 A SEI Z UNI TED STATES DI STRI J CT UDGE cc: A1 c l ouns lofr c d e e or 10
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