Marano v. Neotti et al, No. 3:2016cv00189 - Document 11 (S.D. Cal. 2016)
Court Description: ORDER granting 9 Motion for Leave to Proceed in forma pauperis. The Secretary CDCR, or his designee, is ordered to collect from prison trust account the $350 balance of the filing fee owed in this case by collecting monthly payments from the trust account in an amount equal to 20% of the preceding month income credited to the account and forward payments to the Clerk of the Court each time the amount in the account exceeds $10 in accordance with 28 USC 1915(b)(2). Plaintiff� 39;s Complaint is dismissed for failing to state a claim upon which relief may be granted pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and § 1915A(b)(1). Court grants plaintiff forty-five (45) days leave from the date of this Order in which to file an Amended Complaint which cures all the deficiencies of pleading noted. (Order electronically transmitted to Secretary of CDCR). Signed by Judge Larry Alan Burns on 12/8/16. (All non-registered users served via U.S. Mail Service)(kas)
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Marano v. Neotti et al Doc. 11 1 2 FILED 3 4 DEC 2 1 2016 5 CLERK US DISTRICT COUln SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF C;,Llf 6 BY . 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 12 FRANK MARANO, CDCR #AE-1543, ORDER: Plaintiff, 13 14 Case No.: 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) vs. 1) GRANTING MOTION TO PROCEED IN FORMA PAUPERIS [ECFNo.9] 15 16 17 GEORGE NEOTTI, et aI., AND Defendants. 2) DISMISSING COMPLAINT FOR FAILING TO STATE A CLAIM PURSUANT TO 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) AND 1915A(b)(I) 18 19 20 21 22 Frank Marano ("Plaintiff'), a state prisoner currently incarcerated at the Richard J. 23 Donovan Correctional Facility ("RJD") in San Diego, California, and proceeding pro se, 24 has filed a civil rights action pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. (ECF No.1.) Plaintiff claims 25 the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation ("CDCR") and several RJD 26 officials subjected him to "unsafe prison condition[s]" by failing to properly supervise 27 inmate plumbers' access to "industrial sized tools." See Compl. 28 As a result, Plaintiff alleges that on December 10,2009, his throat was "slashed" with a 6-8,23,33-37,47,57. 1 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) Dockets.Justia.com 1 box cutter by a fellow inmate while he was working to repair a drinking fountain in RJD's 2 Facility 3 culinary area. Id. at 3 to provide him "competent medical care during a ... life-threatening emergency," by 4 transporting him to Alvarado Hospital instead of a trauma center equipped to address his 5 injury. Id. at 6 and "exemplar[y]" damages. Id. at 32-33. 3,9. Plaintiff further alleges that the Defendants failed 17-18,24. Plaintiff seeks injunctive relief as well as general, "specific," 7 Plaintiff did not prepay the filing fee required by 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) when he filed 8 his Complaint, and did not file a Motion to Proceed In Forma Pauperis ("IFP") pursuant to 9 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a). As a result the Court dismissed this action without prejudice to 10 Plaintiff to either pay the filing fee or submit an IFP motion. (ECF No.2.) After Plaintiff 11 requested and received two extensions of time, he filed the instant IFP motion. (ECF No. 12 9.) 13 I. Motion to Proceed IFP 14 All parties instituting any civil action, suit or proceeding in a district court of the 15 United States, except an application for writ of habeas corpus, must pay a filing fee of 16 $400. 1 See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a). The action may proceed despite a plaintiffs failure to 17 prepay the entire fee only if he is granted leave to proceed IFP pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 18 § 1915(a). See Andrews v. Cervantes, 493 F.3d 1047, 1051 (9th Cir. 2007). However, 19 prisoners who are granted leave to proceed IFP remain obligated to pay the entire fee in 20 "increments" or "installments," Bruce v. Samuels, 577 U.S. _, 136 S. Ct. 627, 629 (2016); 21 Williams v. Paramo, 775 F.3d 1182, 1185 (9th Cir. 2015), and regardless of whether their 22 action is ultimately dismissed. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(I) & (2); Taylorv. Delatoore, 281 23 F.3d 844, 847 (9th Cir. 2002). 24 III 25 26 In addition to the $350 statutory fee, civil litigants must pay an additional administrative fee of $50. See 28 U.S.C. § 1914(a) (Judicial Conference Schedule of Fees, District Court Misc. Fee Schedule, § 14 (eff. June I, 2016). The additional $50 administrative fee does not apply to persons 1 27 28 granted leave to proceed IFP. Id. 2 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) 1 Section 1915(a)(2) also requires prisoners seeking leave to proceed IFP to submit a 2 "certified copy of the trust fund account statement (or institutional equivalent) for _.. the 3 6-month period immediately preceding the filing of the complaint." 28 U.S.C. 4 § 19l5(a)(2); Andrews v. King, 398 F.3d 1113, 1119 (9th Cir. 2005). From the certified 5 trust account statement, the Court assesses an initial payment of 20% of (a) the average 6 monthly deposits in the account for the past six months, or (b) the average monthly balance 7 in the account for the past six months, whichever is greater, unless the prisoner has no 8 assets. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1); 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4). The institution having custody 9 of the prisoner then collects subsequent payments, assessed at 20% of the preceding 10 month's income, in any month in which his account exceeds $10, and forwards those 11 payments to the Court until the entire filing fee is paid. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2); Bruce, 12 136 S. Ct. at 629. 13 In support of his IFP Motion, Plaintiff has submitted copies of his Inmate Statement 14 Reports for the six-months preceding the filing of his Complaint. See ECF No.9 at 5-8; 15 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(2); S.D. CAL. CrvLR 3.2; Andrews, 398 F.3d at 1119. 16 statements show that Plaintiff had an average monthly balance of $128.45, and average 17 monthly deposits of$178.72 to his account over the 6-month period immediately preceding 18 the filing of his Complaint, as well as an available balance of $310.68 at the time he 19 submitted the statements. See ECF No.9 at 8. Based on this financial information, the 20 Court GRANTS Plaintiffs Motion to Proceed IFP (ECF No.9), and assesses his initial 21 partial filing fee to be $35.74 pursuant to 28 U.S.c. § 1915(b)(1). These 22 However, the Court will direct the Secretary of the California Department of 23 Corrections and Rehabilitation ("CDCR"), or his designee, to collect this initial fee only if 24 sufficient funds are available in Plaintiffs account at the time this Order is executed. See 25 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4) (providing that "[i]n no event shall a prisoner be prohibited from 26 bringing a civil action or appealing a civil action or criminal judgment for the reason that 27 the prisoner has no assets and no means by which to pay the initial partial filing fee."); 28 Bruce, 136 S. Ct. at 630; Taylor, 281 F.3d at 850 (finding that 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(4) acts 3 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) 1 as a "safety-valve" preventing dismissal of a prisoner's IFP case based solely on a "failure 2 to pay ... due to the lack of funds available to him when payment is ordered."). The 3 remaining balance ofthe $350 total fee owed in this case must be collected and forwarded 4 to the Clerk ofthe Court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(1). 5 II. Screening Pursuant to 28 U.S.c. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A(b) 6 A. 7 The Court must review complaints filed by all persons, like Plaintiff, who are 8 proceeding IFP and who are "incarcerated or detained in any facility [and] accused of, 9 sentenced for, or adjudicated delinquent for, violations of criminal law or the terms or 10 conditions of parole, probation, pretrial release, or diversionary program," "as soon as 11 practicable after docketing." See 28 U.S.c. §§ 1915(e)(2) and 1915A(b). Pursuantto these 12 statutes, the Court must sua sponte dismiss complaints, or any portions thereof, which are 13 frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim, or which seek damages from defendants who are 14 immune. See 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B) and 1915A; Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 15 1126-27 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (§ 1915(e)(2»; Rhodes v. Robinson, 621 F.3d 1002, 16 1004 (9th Cir. 2010) (discussing 28 U.S.c. § 19 15A(b». Screening Standards 17 All complaints must contain "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that 18 the pleader is entitled to relief." FED.R.Crv.P.8(a)(2). Detailed factual allegations are not 19 required, but "[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere 20 conclusory statements, do not suffice." Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662,678 (2009) (citing 21 Bell Atlantic Com. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007». "Determining whether a 22 complaint states a plausible claim for relief [is] ... a context-specific task that requires the 23 reviewing court to draw on its judicial experience and common sense." Id. at 679. The 24 "mere possibility of misconduct" does not meet this standard. Id. 25 "When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should assume their 26 veracity, and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief." 27 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679; see also Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 447 (9th Cir. 2000) 28 ("[W]hen determining whether a complaint states a claim, a court must accept as true all 4 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) 1 allegations of material fact and must construe those facts in the light most favorable to the 2 plaintiff."); Barren v. Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193, 1194 (9th Cir. 1998) (noting that 3 § 1915(e)(2) "parallels the language of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6)"). 4 However, while the court has an obligation "where the petitioner is pro se, 5 particularly in civil rights cases, to construe the pleadings liberally and to afford the 6 petitioner the benefit of any doubt," Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010), 7 quoting Bretz v. Kelman, 773 F.2d 1026, 1027 n.l (9th Cir. 1985), it may not, in so doing, 8 "supply essential elements of claims that were not initially pled." Ivey v. Board of Regents 9 of the University of Alaska, 673 F .2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). Finally, in deciding whether 10 Plaintiff has stated a plausible claim for relief, the Court may consider exhibits attached to 11 his Complaint. See FED. R. Crv. P. 10(c) ("A copy ofa written instrument that is an exhibit 12 to a pleading is a part of the pleading for all purposes."); Hal Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard 13 Feiner & Co., Inc., 896 F.2d 1542, 1555 n.l9 (9th Cir. 1990) (citing Amfac Mortg. Com. 14 v. Ariz. Mall of Tempe, Inc., 583 F.2d 426 (9th Cir. 1978) ("[M]aterial which is properly 15 submitted as part of the complaint may be considered" in ruling on a Rule 12(b)(6) motion 16 to dismiss.)). 17 B. Plaintiff's Claims 18 Plaintiff may not proceed with his claims against Defendant Wagner, the inmate 19 Plaintiff alleges attacked him. Unlike the prison officials who Plaintiff alleges acted under 20 color of state law, see Compl. at 2-3; Leer v. Mumhy, 844 F.2d 628, 633 (9th Cir. 1988) 21 (finding prison officials "administer[ing] the prison" acted under color of state law for 22 purposes of 42 U.S.c. § 1983), Wagner is alleged only to have acted in his "personal 23 capacity as an inmate," Compl. at 3, and not "under color of state law" when he attacked 24 Plaintiff. See Gomez v. Toledo, 446 U.S. 635, 640 (1980) (a private individual generally 25 does not act under color of state law). Purely private conduct, no matter how wrongful, is 26 not covered under § 1983. Ouzts v. Maryland Nat'l Ins. Co., 505 F.2d 547, 550 (9th Cir. 27 1974). The infliction of constitutional deprivations by private individuals is not actionable 28 under § 1983. See Van Ort v. Estate of Stanewich, 92 F.3d 831,835 (9th Cir. 1996). 5 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) 1 As to the remaining Defendants, however, the Court finds that while Plaintiff styles 2 his "causes of action" in terms of state torts, workplace safety laws, and as a "breach of 3 contract" governing Defendants' duty to respond to "reasonable and heightened 4 expection[s] of dangerous risk to the life of inmates and staff," see Compl. at 20, 21, 24, 5 25, 26, the "factual content" in his Complaint, when liberally construed, is sufficient to 6 "state a claim to relief [under 42 V_S.C. § 1983] that is plausible on its face." Iqbal, 556 7 U.S. at 678 (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). "[P]rison officials have a duty to protect 8 prisoners from violence at the hands of other prisoners." Farmer v. Brennan, 511 U.S. 825, 9 833 (1994) (internal quotation marks, ellipsis, and citation omitted). If an inmate has been 10 assaulted by a fellow inmate, a prison official can be held liable under the Eighth 11 Amendment so long as Plaintiff demonstrates that the deprivation is sufficiently serious, 12 id. at 834 (citing Wilson v. Seiter, 501 U.S. 294, 298 (1991)), and that the prison official 13 was deliberately indifferent to the risk. Id. at 837. In addition, "deliberate indifference to 14 a prisoner's serious illness or injury states a cause of action under § 1983." Estelle v. 15 Gamble, 429 U.S. 97, 105 (1976). 16 C. Statute of Limitations 17 "A claim may be dismissed [for failing to state a claim] on the ground that it is barred 18 by the applicable statute of limitations only when 'the running of the statute is apparent on 19 the face of the complaint.'" Von Saher v. Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadena, 592 20 F.3d 954,969 (9th Cir. 2010) (quoting Huynh v. Chase Manhattan Bank, 465 F.3d 992, 21 997 (9th Cir. 2006)). "'A complaint cannot be dismissed unless it appears beyond doubt 22 that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts that would establish the timeliness of the claim.'" 23 Id. (quoting Supermail Cargo, Inc. v. V.S., 68 F.3d 1204, 1206 (9th Cir. 1995)); see also 24 Cervantes v. City of San Diego. 5 F.3d 1273, 1276-77 (9th Cir. 1993) (where the running 25 of the statute of limitations is apparent on the face of a complaint, dismissal for failure to 26 state a claim is proper, so long as Plaintiff is provided an opportunity to amend in order to 27 allege facts which, if proved, might support tolling); see also Tahoe-Sierra Pres. Council, 28 Inc. v. Tahoe Reg'l Planning Agency, 216 F.3d 764, 788 (9th Cir. 2000) (court may raise 6 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) 1 the defense of statute of limitations sua sponte), overruled on other grounds by Gonzalez 2 v. Arizona, 677 F.3d 383, 389 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc); Hughes v. Lott, 350 FJd 1157, 3 1163 (11th Cir. 2003) (upholding sua sponte dismissal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B) of 4 prisoner's time-barred complaint). 5 Because section 1983 contains no specific statute oflimitation, federal courts apply 6 the forum state's statute of limitations for personal injury actions. Jones v. Blanas, 393 7 FJd 918, 927 (9th Cir. 2004); Maldonado v. Harris, 370 F.3d 945,954 (9th Cir. 2004); 8 Fink v. Shedier, 192 F.3d 911, 914 (9th Cir. 1999). Before 2003, California's statute of 9 limitations was one year. Jones, 393 F.3d at 927. Effective January 1,2003, the limitations 10 period was extended to two years. Id. (citing CAL. CN. PROC. CODE § 335.1). The law of 11 the forum state also governs tolling. Wallace v. Kato, 549 U.S. 384, 394 (2007) (citing 12 Hardin v. Straub, 490 U.S. 536, 538-39 (1989)); Jones, 393 F.3d at 927 (noting that in 13 actions where the federal court borrows the state statute oflimitation, the federal court also 14 borrows all applicable provisions for tolling the limitations period found in state law). 15 Under California law, the statute of limitations for prisoners serving less than a life 16 sentence is tolled for two years. CAL. CN. PROC. CODE § 352.l(a); Johnson v. California, 17 207 F.3d 650, 654 (9th Cir. 2000), overruled on other grounds, Johnson v. California, 543 18 U.S. 499 (2005). Accordingly, the effective statute of limitations for most California 19 prisoners is three years for claims accruing before January 1,2003 (one year limitations 20 period plus two year statutory tolling), and four years for claims accruing thereafter (two 21 year limitations period plus two years statutory tolling). In addition, the limitations period 22 for prisoners is tolled while the "prisoner completes the mandatory exhaustion process." 23 Brown v. Valoff, 422 F.3d 926,943 (9th Cir. 2005). 24 Unlike the length of the limitations period, however, "the accrual date of a § 1983 25 cause of action is a question of federal law that is not resolved by reference to state law." 26 Wallace, 549 U.S. at 388; Hardin, 490 U.S. at 543-44 (federal law governs when a § 1983 27 cause of action accrues). "Under the traditional rule of accrual ... the tort cause of action 28 accrues, and the statute of limitation begins to run, when the wrongful act or omission 7 16cv0189-LAB OLB) 1 results in damages." Wallace, 549 U.S. at 391. Put another way, "[u]nder federal law, a 2 claim accrues when the plaintiff knows or has reason to know of the injury which is the 3 basis of the action." Maldonado, 370 F.3d at 955; TwoRivers v. Lewis, 174 F.3d 987, 991 4 (9th Cir. 1999). 5 In this case, the "wrongful act" which is alleged to have caused Plaintiff harm 6 occurred on December 10, 2009, over six years before Plaintiff constructively filed his 7 Complaint in this action on January 10,2016. (See CompI. at 35.) Plaintiff states that he 8 completed his mandatory exhaustion of administrative remedies on February 2, 2011, when 9 he received a response to his Director's Level Review indicating that it had been rejected 10 as untimely, nearly five years before he initiated this action. (Id. at 7.) Thus, assuming 11 Plaintiff is not serving a life sentence (the record is silent on that issue), and assuming he 12 is entitled to tolling for the entire time he was exhausting administrative remedies, and 13 therefore giving him the maximum possible amount of statutory tolling, the statute of 14 limitations expired at the latest (based on the allegations in the Complaint) in February 15 2015, well before this action was commenced in January 2016. Based on the allegations 16 in the Complaint, it is outside California's statute of limitations, even including all 17 presumed periods of tolling provided by statute, or pending the exhaustion of any 18 administrative remedies. Wallace, 591 U.S. at 391; see also Maldonado, 370 F.3d at 955; 19 CAL. CODE Crv. PROC. § 335 .1 (tolling statute oflimitations "for a maximum of 2 years" 20 during a prisoner's incarceration); Jones, 393 F.3d at 927; Valoff, 422 F.3d at 943. 21 Finally, Plaintiff's claims could be considered timely if, in his Complaint, he alleges 22 facts sufficient to show the limitations period may be equitably tolled. See Cervantes, 5 23 F.3d at 1276-77. Generally, federal courts also apply the forum state's law regarding 24 equitable tolling. Fink, 192 F.3d at 914; Bacon v. City of Los Angeles, 843 F.2d 372,374 25 (9th Cir.1988). Under California law, however, Plaintiff must meet three conditions to 26 equitably toll the statute oflimitations: (1) he must have diligently pursued his claim; (2) 27 his situation must be the product offorces beyond his control; and (3) Defendants must not 28 be prejudiced by the application of equitable tolling. See Hull v. Central Pathology Servo 8 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) 1 Med. Clinic, 28 Cal.AppAth 1328, 1335 (CaI.Ct.App. 1994); Addison v. State of 2 3 California, 21 Cal.3d 313, 316-17 (Cal. 1978); Fink, 192 F.3d at 916. As currently pleaded, however, the Court finds Plaintiff has failed to plead any facts 4 which, if proved, would support any plausible claim for equitable tolling. See Cervantes, 5 5 FJd at 1277; Igbal, 556 U.S. at 679. In fact, Plaintiff previously filed an identical version 6 of his Complaint in this Court on December 19,2013, which survived screening under 28 7 U.S.c. § 1915(e)(2) and § 1915A(b), but which was dismissed for failure to prosecute after 8 Plaintifffailed to effect service of process on the Defendants. See Marano v. Neotti, et aI., 9 So.Dist.Ca.Civil Case No. 13cv3117-LAB (BLM), Order filed 8/7/15 [ECF. No.9]. 10 Plaintiff filed a motion to vacate the judgment in that case on December 15, 2016, which 11 was denied on the basis that he had failed to respond to the July 17, 2016 Order to show 12 cause why that case should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute, and because he failed 13 to adequately explain why he had failed to serve the Defendants. Id., Order filed 12116/15 14 [ECF No. 12]. That Order informed Plaintiff that if he refiled his Complaint, as he has 15 done here, that he would likely need to explain why he is entitled to equitable tolling of the 16 statute oflimitations. Id. at 4. Plaintiff has made no such effort in the instant Complaint, 17 which is a duplicate of his 2013 Complaint, despite the fact that he has attached the 18 December 16, 2015 Order dismissing his prior action. (See Attach. to CompI. [ECF No. I 19 at 68-72].) Thus, although Plaintiff acknowledges a potential need to set forth facts 20 supporting equitable tolling, he has failed to do so. Accordingly, the Court finds that a 21 review of the Complaint reveals that Plaintiff's claims are barred by the statute of 22 limitations, and his entire Complaint must be dismissed for failing to state a claim upon 23 which section 1983 re1iefmay be granted. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii); Barren, 152 24 FJd at 1194. 25 F. Leave to Amend 26 Because Plaintiff is proceeding without counsel, and he has now been provided with 27 notice of his Complaint's deficiencies, the Court will grant him leave to amend. See Rosati 28 v. Igbinoso, 791 F.3d 1037, 1039 (9th Cir. 2015) ("A district court should not dismiss a 9 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) 1 pro se complaint without leave to amend [pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii)] unless 2 'it is absolutely clear that the deficiencies of the complaint could not be cured by 3 amendment."') (quoting Akhtar v. Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202, 1212 (9th Cir. 2012)). 4 III. Conclusion and Order 5 Good cause appearing, the Court: 6 1. 7 8 GRANTS Plaintiffs Motion to Proceed IFP pursuant to 28 U.S.c. § 1915(a) (ECF No.2). 2. ORDERS the Secretary of the CDCR, or his designee, to collect from 9 Plaintiffs trust account the $35.74 initial filing fee assessed, ifthose funds are available at 10 the time this Order is executed, and to forward whatever balance remains of the full $350 11 owed in monthly payments in an amount equal to twenty percent (20%) of the preceding 12 month's income to the Clerk of the Court each time the amount in Plaintiffs account 13 exceeds $10 pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b)(2). 14 CLEARLY IDENTIFIED BY THE NAME AND NUMBER ASSIGNED TO THIS 15 ACTION. 16 3. ALL PAYMENTS MUST BE DIRECTS the Clerk of the Court to serve a copy of this Order on Scott 17 Kernan, Secretary, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, P.O. Box 18 942883, Sacramento, California, 94283-0001. 19 4. DISMISSES Plaintiffs Complaint in its entirety for failing to state a claim 20 upon which relief may be granted pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and 21 § 1915A(b)(1), and GRANTS him forty-five (45) days leave from the date ofthis Order 22 in which to file an Amended Complaint which cures all the deficiencies of pleading noted. 23 Plaintiffs Amended Complaint must be complete by itself without reference to his original 24 pleading, and must comply with S.D. CAL. CrvLR 8.2(a). Defendants not named and any 25 claim not re-alleged in his Amended Complaint will be considered waived. See S.D. CAL. 26 CrvLR 15.1; Hal Roach Studios, Inc. v. Richard Feiner & Co., Inc., 896 F.2d 1542, 1546 27 (9th Cir. 1989) ("[A]n amended pleading supersedes the original."); Lacey v. Maricopa 28 Cnty., 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th Cir. 2012) (noting that claims dismissed with leave to amend 10 16cv0189-LAB (JLB) 1 which are not re-alleged in an amended pleading may be "considered waived if not 2 repled.") 3 If Plaintiff fails to file an Amended Complaint within the time provided, the Court 4 will enter a final Order dismissing this civil action based both on Plaintiffs failure to state 5 a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii) and 6 19l5A(b)(I), and his failure to prosecute in compliance with a court order requiring 7 amendment. See Lira v. Herrera, 427 F.3d 1164, 1169 (9th Cir. 2005) ("If a plaintiff does 8 not take advantage of the opportunity to fix his complaint, a district court may convert the 9 10 dismissal of the complaint into dismissal ofthe entire action."). IT IS SO ORDERED. 11 12 13 14 Dated: /7..-- /6....- {(" HON. LARRY ALAN BURNS United States District Judge 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 11 16cv0189-LAB (JLB)
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