Foster v. Verkouteren, No. 3:2008cv00554 - Document 22 (S.D. Cal. 2009)
Court Description: ORDER granting defendant's 14 Motion for Summary Judgment; denying defendant's 15 Motion to Dismiss for Failure to Exhaust; the Clerk of the Court shall close the case. Signed by Magistrate Judge Cathy Ann Bencivengo on 8/12/09. (All non-registered users served via U.S. Mail Service).(kaj)
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Foster v. Verkouteren Doc. 22 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 RICHARD LEE FOSTER, ORDER: v. 13 1) DENYING DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS [Doc. No. 15]; and, 2) GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT [Doc. No. 14] A. VERKOUTEREN, 15 16 08cv0554-CAB Plaintiff, 12 14 Civil No. Defendant. 17 18 Plaintiff Richard Lee Foster, proceeding pro se, filed a civil rights complaint pursuant to 42 19 U.S.C. § 1983 against A. Verkouteren, a prison officer at R.J. Donovan Correctional Facility 20 (“Donovan”), where Plaintiff was incarcerated. The parties have consented to the undersigned’s 21 jurisdiction to decide all matters in this case, including trial and entry of a final judgment. [Doc. No. 9.] 22 On June 5, 2009, Defendant moved to dismiss Plaintiff’s complaint for failure to exhaust administrative 23 remedies. [Doc. No. 15.] Defendant also moved for summary judgment, arguing that there is no 24 genuine issue of material fact and that he is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. [Doc. No. 14.] On 25 June 10, 2009, the Court notified Plaintiff of these two motions and informed Plaintiff that if he wished 26 to oppose these motions, his oppositions were due on June 16, 2009. [Doc. No. 16.] Plaintiff filed a late 27 opposition on July 24, 2009 [Doc. No. 20], which this Court accepted. Defendant has not filed a reply. 28 Having carefully considered the papers submitted and the relevant legal authority, the Court hereby 1 08cv0554 Dockets.Justia.com 1 DENIES Defendant’s motion to dismiss and GRANTS Defendant’s motion for summary judgment. 2 I. BACKGROUND 3 According to the Complaint, on August 25, 2007, at approximately 7:50 p.m., Plaintiff was 4 instructed by Defendant Verkouteren to go to his cell. (Compl. 3.)1 Plaintiff informed Verkouteren that 5 he was feeling stressed out, did not want to have a new cell mate, did not want to be at Donovan any 6 longer, and would rather go to administrative segregation. Verkouteren told Plaintiff, “The only way 7 you will go to the hole is if you get up and swing on one of the officers or myself.” Plaintiff said he 8 would not swing at Verkouteren, but he did not want to go to his cell. Verkouteren directed another 9 correctional officer to cuff Plaintiff and take him back to his cell. Plaintiff stepped away from the 10 officer, and Verkouteren “proceeded to sock me in my facial area approximately four times with closed 11 fist(s).” (Id.) “After being socked/punched by Verkouteren approximately four times I then from 12 spontaneous reaction had pushed Verkouteren one time away from me in order to ward off the blows 13 which he had been inflicting upon me.” (Id.) Other correctional officers then tackled Plaintiff to the 14 ground. (Id. at 13.) Plaintiff was then taken to have a medical evaluation. (Id. at 14.) Plaintiff later had 15 some “minor pain” and noticed three small drops of blood on his shirt. (Id. at 15.) He was taken to the 16 prison hospital, but it is not clear what treatment he received at the hospital. Plaintiff later appeared at a 17 disciplinary hearing where he was found guilty of battery on Verkouteren. (Id. at 16.) As a result, 18 Plaintiff was placed in the segregated housing unit for 12 months. (Id. at 19.) 19 On August 31, 2007, Plaintiff filed an inmate appeal form alleging that Verkouteren had 20 committed a battery on him. (Id. at 22.) He requested that the matter be addressed in “a real court of 21 law.” (Id.) The appeal was “partially granted” on September 30, 2007. (Id. at 23.) In the response, 22 Plaintiff was informed that his appeal was “processed as a staff complaint appeal inquiry.” (Id. at 21.) 23 He was also informed that an inquiry into the allegation had been conducted. Plaintiff then sent a letter 24 to the district attorney’s office on December 18, 2007. (Id. at 11-20; E. Franklin Decl. Ex. C.) In the 25 letter, he recounted the incidents of August 25, 2007. He complained that his appeals rights were being 26 violated and he had not received any justice in prison. (Compl. at 20.) He asked the district attorney to 27 “please help me if you will/can”. (Id.) The district attorney’s office forwarded the letter to the warden at 28 1 Citations to the Complaint refer to the page numbers assigned by CM/ECF. 2 08cv0554 1 Donovan. (E. Franklin Decl. ¶ 10.) The warden asked that the appeals coordinator, E. Franklin, respond 2 to the letter. (Id. ¶ 11.) On February 25, 2008, E. Franklin responded to Plaintiff’s letter and informed 3 him that the appropriate method for expressing his concerns was the California Department of 4 Corrections Form 602, Inmate/Parolee Appeal Form. (Id. ¶ 12 & Ex. D.)2 5 Plaintiff filed the instant Complaint in this Court on March 24, 2008. [Doc. No. 1.] When 6 Plaintiff filed his Complaint, he consented to magistrate judge jurisdiction to conduct any and all 7 proceedings in the case, including trial and entry of final judgment. (Id. at 7.) On October 30, 2008, 8 Defendant also consented to magistrate judge jurisdiction. [Doc. No. 8.] On December 1, 2008, the 9 district judge entered an order reassigning the case to the undersigned magistrate judge. [Doc. No. 9.] 10 This Court issued an order setting pretrial deadlines on December 4, 2008. [Doc. No. 11.] On June 5, 11 2009, Defendant filed a motion to dismiss the case for failure to exhaust [Doc. No. 15] and a motion for 12 summary judgment [Doc. No. 14]. The Court addresses each of these motions below. 13 14 15 II. DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO DISMISS FOR FAILURE TO EXHAUST A. Legal Standard The Prison Litigation Reform Act (“PLRA”) provides that “[n]o action shall be brought with 16 respect to prison conditions under [42 U.S.C. § 1983], or any other Federal law, by a prisoner confined 17 in any jail, prison, or other correctional facility until such administrative remedies as are available are 18 exhausted.” 28 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). Non-exhaustion under § 1997e(a) is an affirmative defense. That is, 19 defendants have the burden of raising and proving the absence of exhaustion. Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 20 F.3d 1108, 1119 (9th Cir. 2003). In deciding a motion to dismiss for failure to exhaust administrative 21 remedies, the court may look beyond the pleadings and decide disputed issues of fact. Id. at 1119-20. If 22 the court concludes that the prisoner has not exhausted non-judicial remedies, the proper remedy is 23 dismissal without prejudice. Id. at 1120. 24 California’s Department of Corrections (“CDC”) provides a four-step grievance process for 25 prisoners who seek review of an administrative decision or perceived mistreatment. Within 15 working 26 days of “the event or decision being appealed,” the inmate must ordinarily file an “informal” appeal, 27 2 28 Plaintiff also filed another 602 inmate appeal form appealing the disciplinary hearing finding that he committed battery upon Verkouteren. (E. Franklin Decl. Ex. E.) That form was returned to him as duplicative of the first appeal. (Id. ¶ 13.) 3 08cv0554 1 through which “the appellant and staff involved in the action or decision attempt to resolve the grievance 2 informally.” Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, §§ 3084.5(a), 3084.6(c).3 If the issue is not resolved during the 3 informal appeal, the prisoner next proceeds to the first formal appeal level, usually conducted by the 4 prison’s appeals coordinator. Id. §§ 3084.5(b), 3084.6(c). If denied at that level, the inmate can appeal 5 to the second level of formal review conducted by the institution head or his/her designee. Id. at § 6 3084.5(c). The third and final level of formal review, called the “Director’s Level,” is conducted by the 7 Director of CDC or his/her designee. Cal. Dept. of Corr. Operations Manual § 54100.11; Nichols v. 8 Logan, 355 F. Supp. 2d 1155, 1161 (S.D. Cal. 2004).4 9 B. Analysis 10 Defendant argues that Plaintiff failed to exhaust his administrative remedies, because he only 11 completed the first formal level of review. (Def. Mem. P. & A. in Supp. Mot. to Dismiss 4.) Defendant 12 argues that Plaintiff was required to submit a written grievance through all formal levels of review, but 13 he failed to do so. (Id. at 5.) The Court disagrees and finds that Plaintiff had properly exhausted “such 14 administrative remedies as are available” before proceeding to federal court. 15 On August 31, 2007, Plaintiff filed a 602 inmate appeal form alleging that Verkouteren had 16 committed a battery on him. (Compl. 22.) The appeal was “partially granted” on September 30, 2007. 17 (Id. at 23.) Plaintiff was informed that his appeal was “processed as a staff complaint appeal inquiry.” 18 (Id. at 21.) He was also informed that an inquiry into the allegation had been conducted. The response 19 letter also contained the following two paragraphs: 20 21 22 ALL STAFF PERSONNEL MATTERS ARE CONFIDENTIAL IN NATURE. As such, results of any inquiry/investigation will not be shared with staff, members of the public, or inmates. Although you have the right to submit a staff complaint, a request for administrative action regarding staff or the placement of documentation in a staff member’s personnel file is beyond the scope of the staff complaint process. 23 24 25 26 27 28 3 There are eight situations in which attempted resolution at the informal level is not required. See Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, § 3084.5(a)(3). As relevant here, the informal level is not required when a grievance involves “[a]lleged misconduct by a departmental peace officer.” Id. § 3084.5(a)(3)(G). 4 Department of Corrections regulations provide that “[t]he decisions of the Departmental Review Board which serve as the director’s level decision, are not appealable and conclude the inmate’s or parolee’s departmental administrative remedy pursuant to section 3376.1.” Cal. Code Regs., tit. 15, § 3084.1(a); see also id. § 3084.5(e)(2) (“Third level review constitutes the director’s decision on an appeal, and shall be conducted by a designated representative of the director under supervision of the chief, inmate appeals.”). 4 08cv0554 1 Allegations of staff misconduct do not limit or restrict the availability of further relief via the inmate appeals process. If you wish to appeal the decision, you must submit your staff complaint appeal through all levels of appeal review up to, and including, the Director’s Level of Review. Once a decision has been rendered at the Director’s Level of Review, your administrative remedies will be considered exhausted. 2 3 4 (Id.) 5 There is no evidence that Plaintiff filed anything in the second and third levels of formal review, 6 nor does Plaintiff argue so in his opposition. Defendant argues that because Plaintiff never appealed his 7 grievance to the second and third levels of formal review, he did not properly exhaust his administrative 8 remedies. However, the analysis does not end there. The PLRA requires that the prisoner exhaust “such 9 administrative remedies as are available.” 28 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). In Brown v. Valoff, 422 F.3d 926 (9th 10 Cir. 2005), the Ninth Circuit reiterated the holding in Booth v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731 (2001), that the 11 PLRA does not require a prisoner to exhaust the prison grievance process when no pertinent relief can be 12 obtained through the internal process. Brown, 422 F.3d at 934-35. “Without the possibility of some 13 relief, the administrative officers would presumably have no authority to act on the subject of the 14 complaint, leaving the inmate with nothing to exhaust.” Booth, 532 U.S. at 735 n.4. 15 In Brown, the Ninth Circuit considered two cases with similar factual backgrounds. In one of the 16 cases, the prisoner claimed a correctional officer assaulted him. Brown, 422 F.3d at 930. He made a 17 formal grievance to prison officials and requested “to be compensated for these abuses, and blatant 18 disregard for my constitutional rights.” Id. The appeal was denied at the first level of review. The 19 prisoner pursued the second level of formal review. Id. at 931. At this second level, the grievance was 20 classified as a “staff complaint” and it was “partially granted.” The prisoner was informed: 21 22 23 A thorough investigation will be conducted into your allegations and evaluated in accordance with Departmental Policies and Institutional Procedures. The matter has been referred to the Office of Internal Affairs. You shall be notified by the Office of Internal Affairs of the disposition of your complaint upon completion of the investigation, in accordance with [California Penal Code § ] 832.7 and the Department Operations Manual Section 31140.4.2. 24 25 26 27 28 It is the Administration’s responsibility to determine appropriate action taken against any employee, if deemed necessary. Additionally, inmates are not apprised of any disciplinary action that may have been taken against a staff member. It is beyond the scope of the appeals process to grant you monetary compensation. Id. The prisoner did not proceed to the third, and final, level of formal appeal. The district court denied the defendants’ motion to dismiss in that case, because “in granting 5 08cv0554 1 plaintiff’s appeal in part and referring the complaint for investigation by the Office of Internal Affairs, 2 plaintiff was provided all of the relief that the administrative process could provide.” Id. at 932. The 3 defendants appealed the decision, and the Ninth Circuit affirmed, finding that the plaintiff did exhaust 4 “such administrative remedies as are available.” Id. at 940. The court explained, “Once an agency has 5 granted some relief and explained that no other relief is available, ‘the administrative process has not 6 been obstructed. It has been exhausted’.” Id. at 936, citing Jasch v. Potter, 302 F.3d 1092, 1096 (9th 7 Cir. 2002). The court concluded, “the Department of Corrections did not establish that once it had 8 ordered an investigation into [the correctional officer’s] alleged misconduct through the separate ‘staff 9 complaint’ process, it had any remaining ‘authority to act on the subject of the complaint’ [] through the 10 grievance procedure.” Brown, 422 F.3d at 937 (citation omitted). In examining the Administrative 11 Bulletin of the Department of Corrections, issued on August 21, 1998, the court found that “staff 12 misconduct grievances are to be investigated only through the staff complaint process, thereby negating 13 any possibility of a parallel investigation through the appeal process.” The prisoner, therefore, was not 14 obligated to appeal to the third level of formal appeal. He had exhausted the administrative remedies 15 available to him. Id. at 938. 16 The facts of that case in Brown are very similar to the instant case. In the instant case, Plaintiff 17 filed a 602 inmate appeal form complaining that he had been assaulted by Sergeant Verkouteren. Under 18 “action requested,” Plaintiff indicated he wanted Verkouteren to be prosecuted for his actions. (Compl. 19 22.) At the first level review, the grievance was “partially granted.” (Id. at 23.) A letter attached to the 20 grievance form informed Plaintiff that the issue was being processed as a staff complaint, that an 21 investigation would be conducted, but that all staff personnel matters were confidential. (Id. at 21.) 22 Therefore, the results of the investigation would not be shared with Plaintiff. Further, Plaintiff was 23 informed that any administrative action regarding staff was beyond the scope of the staff complaint 24 process. (Id.) At this point, it is unclear to the Court what further relief Plaintiff could have sought by 25 seeking a second level of formal review. As the Ninth Circuit reasoned in Brown, an investigation 26 through the staff complaint process was the only way that staff misconduct grievances are processed. As 27 such, the possibility of another investigation or other relief for the prisoner did not exist. 28 Defendant argues that the response to Plaintiff’s complaint contained instructions for appealing 6 08cv0554 1 the decision. Plaintiff was told that if he wished to appeal the decision, he had to submit his complaint 2 through all levels of appeal up to, and including, the Director’s level of review. Defendant argues that, 3 unlike in Brown, Plaintiff here was “specifically advised” to submit his appeal to the second level 4 review. (Def. Mem. 8.) However, the advisement appears to be standard language and not a clear 5 indication that further relief was available to Plaintiff. As the Ninth Circuit pointed out in Brown: 6 8 That it may be advisable for an inmate to appeal every issue to the highest level to avoid any question as to whether the administrative process has been adequately exhausted does not alter our conclusion. While “over-exhaustion” may be wise so as to expedite later litigation, the fact remains that Booth does not require an inmate to continue to appeal a grievance once relief is no longer “available.” 9 Brown, 422 F.3d at 935 n.10. Plaintiff could have appealed to the second and third levels of review, but 7 10 11 that does not mean that he was required to do so to adequately exhaust his claim. Defendant also argues that Plaintiff could have submitted an appeal to the second-level review to 12 enforce the first-level decision. The Court finds this argument unavailing, because the argument 13 assumes that the CDC would not conduct an investigation as it said it would and per its own policies and 14 procedures. The Ninth Circuit specifically noted that “over-exhaustion” is not necessary. As previously 15 discussed, Defendant bears the burden to raise and prove the affirmative defense of failure to exhaust 16 administrative remedies. See Wyatt, 315 F.3d at 1117-19 & nn.9 & 13. Defendant takes the position 17 that there were additional remedies available to Plaintiff but offers up very little in terms of what those 18 additional remedies were. Defendant has not carried his burden on the issue of exhaustion. Therefore, 19 Defendant’s motion to dismiss is DENIED. 20 21 22 III. DEFENDANTS' MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT A. Legal Standard Summary judgment is proper where the pleadings, discovery and affidavits demonstrate that 23 there is “no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a 24 matter of law.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Material facts are those which may affect the outcome of the case. 25 Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 248 (1986). A dispute as to a material fact is genuine if 26 there is sufficient evidence for a reasonable jury to return a verdict for the nonmoving party. Id. 27 28 The party moving for summary judgment bears the initial burden of identifying those portions of the pleadings, discovery and affidavits which demonstrate the absence of a genuine issue of material 7 08cv0554 1 fact. Celotex Corp. v. Cattrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). Where the moving party will have the burden 2 of proof on an issue at trial, it must affirmatively demonstrate that no reasonable trier of fact could find 3 other than for the moving party. But on an issue for which the opposing party will have the burden of 4 proof at trial, the moving party need only point out “that there is an absence of evidence to support the 5 nonmoving party’s case.” Id. at 325. 6 Once the moving party meets its initial burden, the nonmoving party must go beyond the 7 pleadings and, by its own affidavits or discovery, “set forth specific facts showing that there is a genuine 8 issue for trial.” Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e). The court is only concerned with disputes over material facts and 9 “factual disputes that are irrelevant or unnecessary will not be counted.” Anderson, 477 U.S. at 248. It 10 is not the task of the court to scour the record in search of a genuine issue of triable fact. Keenan v. 11 Allen, 91 F.3d 1275, 1279 (9th Cir. 1996). The nonmoving party has the burden of identifying, with 12 reasonable particularity, the evidence that precludes summary judgment. Id. If the nonmoving party 13 fails to make this showing, “the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Celotex Corp., 14 477 U.S. at 323. 15 B. Analysis 16 Plaintiff makes one claim, that Defendant used excessive force against him in violation of his 17 right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment. In a claim of excessive force in violation of the 18 Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause of the Eighth Amendment, the core judicial inquiry is whether 19 force was applied in a good-faith effort to maintain or restore discipline, or maliciously and sadistically 20 to cause harm. Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 7 (1992) (citing Whitley v. Albers, 475 U.S. 312, 21 320-21 (1986)). Not “every malevolent touch by a prison guard gives rise to a federal cause of action.” 22 Hudson, 503 U.S. at 9. The standard for a violation of the Eighth Amendment’s prohibition against 23 cruel and unusual punishment is the unnecessary and wanton infliction of pain. Whitley, 475 at 319. A 24 constitutional violation can be established only if force was used maliciously and sadistically in order to 25 cause harm. Id. at 320-21. The court is required to balance several factors focusing on the 26 reasonableness of the officer’s situation given the circumstances. Id. at 321. These factors are: (1) the 27 need for application of force; (2) the relationship between the need and amount of force used; (3) the 28 extent of the injury inflicted; and (4) whether force was applied in a good faith effort to maintain and 8 08cv0554 1 restore discipline. Id.; Hudson, 503 U.S. at 7. Applying these principles to the instant case, the Court 2 concludes that Plaintiff’s claim against Defendant Vertoukeren is appropriate for summary judgment. 3 The parties do not dispute that Plaintiff refused to go back to his cell. Nor is there a dispute that 4 Verkouteren struck Plaintiff. Verkouteren contends the blows were necessary to maintain order and to 5 obtain Plaintiff’s compliance with a lawful order. (Mem. of P. & A. in Supp. of Mot. for Summ. J. 5.) 6 According to Verkouteren’s declaration, when Plaintiff initially refused to return to his cell, Correctional 7 Officer Williams, who was on duty at the time, notified Sergeant Verkouteren. (Verkouteren Decl. ¶ 2.) 8 Verkouteren and Officer Jackson proceeded to the Housing Unit 13 day room. (Id.) When Verkouteren 9 asked Plaintiff why he did not want to go back to his cell, Plaintiff said that he did not want a “cellie” 10 and that he wanted to move to administrative segregation. (Id. ¶ 3.) Verkouteren told Plaintiff he could 11 not go to administrative segregation, and Plaintiff again refused to go to his cell. (Id. ¶ 4.) Verkouteren 12 directed Officer Jackson to put Plaintiff in handcuffs and escort him back to his assigned cell. Plaintiff 13 stood up in a “bladed fighting stance” and struck at Verkouteren with his closed fists. Verkouteren 14 blocked Plaintiff’s right hand and struck Plaintiff in the chin with his right fist. (Id. ¶ 5.) Three other 15 officers, who were present at the time of the incident, corroborated Verkouteren’s version of the events. 16 (Williams Decl.; Jackson Decl.; Strong Decl.) 17 Plaintiff, in his opposition, characterizes Verkouteren’s actions as that of a “rogue cop” and 18 claims Verkouteren’s version of the events is a “blatant lie.” (Pl.’s Opp’n. 1, 3.) However, Plaintiff 19 does not dispute that he repeatedly refused to go back to his cell. After he refused to return to his cell 20 several times, Verkouteren directed Officer Jackson to handcuff Plaintiff so he could be escorted back to 21 his cell. At this point, even by Plaintiff’s version of the events, Plaintiff resisted being handcuffed: “I 22 then stood up and took a couple of steps backwards from c/o Williams.” (Compl. 3.) Verkouteren 23 reasonably interpreted this as an aggressive stance and acted to prevent the situation from escalating 24 further. The force that Verkouteren used was necessary to bring Plaintiff in compliance with the 25 officers’ order to return to his cell. White v. Roper, 901 F.2d 1501, 1507. In White, the plaintiff claimed 26 that excessive force was used against him after he refused an order to enter another inmate’s cell. Id. at 27 1506-07. The officer forcibly subdued the plaintiff when he backed away from the cell. Id. at 1503. 28 The plaintiff suffered a minor cut and some bruises. Id. The court rejected the plaintiff’s claim of 9 08cv0554 1 excessive force, finding that an officer was not “excessive” or “brutal” in using force against a prisoner 2 who disobeyed orders. Id. at 1507. In this case, given that Plaintiff was repeatedly disobeying orders, it 3 was within Verkouteren’s authority to use reasonable force to control him. 4 Plaintiff has not alleged any significant or permanent injury. Although the absence of injury does 5 not preclude a claim for cruel and unusual punishment, it is one factor in determining “‘whether the use 6 of force could plausibly have been thought necessary’ in a particular situation, ‘or instead evinced such 7 wantonness with respect to the unjustified infliction of harm as is tantamount to a knowing willingness 8 that it occur.’” Hudson, 503 U.S. at 7 citing Whitley, 475 U.S. at 321. In Hudson, the U.S. Supreme 9 Court held that the injury suffered was not de minimis where an inmate suffered bruises, swelling, 10 loosened teeth and a cracked dental plate as a result of a beating at the hands of two guards. Id. In 11 contrast, Plaintiff in this case offers no evidence to support any serious injuries sustained from the force 12 Verkouteren used upon him. Fairly soon afer the incident, Plaintiff was taken to the medical office to 13 have a medical evaluation. (Compl. 13.) Plaintiff provides no medical report from this evaluation, and 14 it is unclear what, if any, treatment was given to Plaintiff. After the medical evaluation, Plaintiff was 15 escorted to Lieutenant Smith’s office for an interview. (Id. at 14.) During the interview, he felt some 16 “minor pain” under his nose, and he rubbed off some dried blood from his nose onto his pants. (Id. at 17 15.) He also notice three small blood spots on his shirt. According to Plaintiff, a correctional officer 18 witnessed the dried blood and the blood spots, but Plaintiff has provided no declaration from this 19 correctional officer. Plaintiff was also taken to the main prison hospital, where a medical evaluation was 20 performed. (Id.) Plaintiff indicates that the evaluating physician also saw the dried blood, but again, 21 there is no evidence from that medical evaluation to support the conclusion that Verkourteren used force 22 “maliciously and sadistically” against him. 23 Because correctional officers must balance the need to “maintain and restore discipline” through 24 force against the risk of injury to inmates, correctional officers “should be accorded wide-ranging 25 deference in the adoption and execution of policies and practices that in their judgment are needed to 26 preserve internal order and discipline and to maintain institutional security.” Whitley, 475 U.S. at 321. 27 In a prison setting, temporary forcible restraint does not deny a life necessity or present a substantial risk 28 of serious harm. Since routine discomfort is “part of the penalty that criminal offenders pay for their 10 08cv0554 1 offenses against society,” only those deprivations denying “the minimal civilized measure of life’s 2 necessities” are sufficiently serious to form the basis of an Eighth Amendment violation. Rhodes v. 3 Chapman, 452 U.S. 337, 347 (1981). Under the circumstances of this case, the Court finds that 4 Defendant reasonably perceived that Plaintiff posed a threat, that the use of force was justified, that the 5 amount of force used was reasonable, and that the extent of Plaintiff’s injury was minimal. In short, 6 under the Hudson factors, Defendant did not use excessive force. 7 Plaintiff fails to offer specific facts and/or nonconclusory allegations that show Defendant 8 Verkouteren was sadistic and malicious in his use of force. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 633 (9th 9 Cir. 1988) (conclusory allegations are not sufficient to defeat a motion for summary judgment). The 10 nonmoving party has the burden of identifying, with reasonable particularity, the evidence that precludes 11 summary judgment. Keenan v. Allen, 91 F.3d 1275, 1279 (9th Cir. 1996). Plaintiff has failed to meet 12 his burden. There is no genuine issue of material fact, and Defendant is entitled to judgment as a matter 13 of law. Celotex Corp. v. Cattrett, 477 U.S. at 323. Therefore, Defendant’s Motion for Summary 14 Judgment is GRANTED.5 15 IV. CONCLUSION 16 Based upon the foregoing discussion, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED: 17 1) Defendant’s motion to dismiss for failure to exhaust is DENIED; 18 2) Defendant’s motion for summary judgment is GRANTED; 19 3) The clerk of the court shall close the case. 20 DATED: August 12, 2009 21 22 CATHY ANN BENCIVENGO United States Magistrate Judge 23 24 25 26 27 28 5 Defendant also argues that summary judgment should be granted under the “favorable termination doctrine,” because Plaintiff was found guilty of battery during a disciplinary hearing in the prison. According to Defendant, if Plaintiff were to prevail on his excessive force claim here, it would undermine the guilty finding at the disciplinary hearing. (Def.’s Mem. 7.) Defendant has not convinced the Court that a doctrine defining the boundary between civil rights actions and habeas corpus proceedings is applicable in this case to bar Plaintiff’s claim. The Court, however, need not reach that question, because the Court has determined summary judgment should be granted, because there is no genuine issue of material fact as to whether Verkouteren acted “sadistically and maliciously.” 11 08cv0554
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