Hunter v. Estee, et al, No. 3:2001cv02212 - Document 152 (S.D. Cal. 2006)
Court Description: ORDER granting 119 dfts' Motion for Summary Judgment. Signed by Judge Roger T. Benitez on 9/19/06. (mam)
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Hunter v. Estee, et al Doc. 152 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 1 of 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 DEMONDZA HUNTER, 12 Civil No. 01cv2212 BEN (WMc) Plaintiff, 13 14 vs. ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT [Doc. No. 119] 15 16 17 D. ESTEE (aka D. SELLERS), H. FAST; S. CANDALOT; S. GARCIA; M.CORBIN; R. HOUSTON; D. BRAVO; G. GALAZA, Defendants. 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 I. Procedural Background This matter comes before the Court on Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment pursuant to FED.R.CIV.P. 56. [Doc. No. 119] The Court has considered the papers filed in support of Defendants’ motion, Plaintiff’s Opposition, Defendants’ Reply, as well as all relevant pleadings and documents in the Court’s file. For the following reasons, the Court GRANTS Defendants’ Motion. II. Procedural History Before the Court is Plaintiff Demondza Hunter’s (“Plaintiff”) Second Amended Complaint (“SAC”), filed pursuant to the Civil Rights Act, 42 U.S.C. § 1983. On April 13, 28 01cv2212 Dockets.Justia.com Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 2 of 10 1 2004, United States District Judge John A. Houston ruled on Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss 2 Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint which was granted in part and denied in part [Doc. No. 3 80]. See April 13, 2004 Order at 13. Specifically, Judge Houston granted Plaintiff’s request to 4 voluntarily dismiss all claims against Defendant Streeter, denied Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss 5 Plaintiff’s Fourteenth Amendment due process claims, granted Defendants’ Motion to Dismiss 6 Plaintiff’s Fourteenth Amendment equal protection claims without leave to amend, and denied 7 Defendants’ request for qualified immunity. Id. Defendants were ordered to file an Answer as 8 to the remaining Fourteenth Amendment due process claim. Id. at 14. 9 On October 24, 2005, Defendants filed a Motion for Summary Judgment. Thereafter, 10 Plaintiff filed his “Statement of Undisputed Facts” which the Court has construed to be his 11 Opposition, to which Defendants have Replied. 12 The Court has advised Plaintiff of his rights and obligations to oppose Defendants’ 13 Motion pursuant to Klingele v. Eikenberry, 849 F.2d 409 (9th Cir. 1988) and Rand v. Rowland, 14 154 F.3d 952 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc)1. Because Plaintiff was not initially notified of his rights 15 pursuant to Klingele and Rand at the time the Defendants filed their motion, Plaintiff was 16 permitted the opportunity to file a Supplemental Opposition. See May 11, 2006 Order at 4. 17 Later Plaintiff requested an extension of time to file a Supplemental Opposition, as well as his 18 own Motion for Summary Judgment. This request was granted and Plaintiff was given an 19 extension of time to file both documents. See August 4, 2006 Order at 5-6. However, Plaintiff 20 filed another request for extension of time to respond to Defendants’ Motion on August 4, 2006 21 which was denied by this Court on August 28, 2006. 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 1 Klingele and Rand together require the district court “‘as a bare minimum, [to provide a pro se prisoner] with fair notice of the requirements of the summary judgment rule.’” Klingele, 849 F.2d at 411 (quoting Hudson v. Hardy, 412 F.2d 1091, 1094 (D.C. Cir. 1968)). “It would not be realistic to impute to a prison inmate ... an instinctual awareness that the purpose of a motion for summary judgment is to head off a full-scale trial by conducting a trial in miniature, on affidavits, so that not submitting counter affidavits is the equivalent of not presenting any evidence at trial.” Jacobsen v. Filler, 790 F.2d 1362, 1364 n.4 (9th Cir. 1986) (internal quotation omitted). Actual knowledge or any level of legal sophistication does not obviate the need for judicial explanation. Klingele, 849 F.2d at 411-12. Thus, the district court is required to “tell the prisoner about his ‘right to file counter-affidavits or other responsive materials and [to][ alert[] [him] to the fact that his failure to so respond might result in the entry of summary judgment against him.’” Jacobsen, 790 F.2d at 1365 n.8 (quoting Klingele, 849 F.2d at 411). 01cv2212 2 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 3 of 10 1 On June 27, 2006, Plaintiff filed a request for leave to amend his Second Amended 2 Complaint in which he sought to only amend his Second Amended Complaint to note that he 3 verified the facts contained therein under penalty of perjury. The Court granted this request on 4 August 4, 2006.2 In this same request, Plaintiff sought leave to add a statement to his 5 Declaration attached as Exhibit “1" to his Statement of Undisputed Facts also indicating that his 6 declaration in support of his Opposition to Defendants’ Motion was signed under penalty of 7 perjury. He has attached this proposed supplement as Exhibit “B” to his request filed on June 8 27, 2006. Because Plaintiff filed this request to supplement his Opposition in the time 9 previously permitted by the Court, the Court hereby GRANTS Plaintiff’s Motion filed on June 10 27, 2006 in its entirety.3 11 While this case was initially referred to the Honorable Magistrate Judge William 12 McCurine, Jr. pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) for disposition, the Court has determined 13 that a Report and Recommendation regarding the disposition of Defendants’ pending Motion 14 for Summary Judgment is unnecessary. See S. D. CAL. CIVLR 72.3(a) (assigning “[a]ll of the 15 District’s civil § 1983 prisoner caseload” to the District’s magistrate judges for disposition either 16 upon consent of all parties, or in absence of unanimous written consent, “upon submission of 17 proposed findings and recommendations to the district judge, unless the district judge orders 18 otherwise.”). This matter has been submitted on the papers for determination without oral 19 argument pursuant to S.D. CAL. CIVLR 7.1.d.1. 20 21 2 22 23 Pursuant to the Court’s August 4, 2006 ruling, Plaintiff’s Second Amended Complaint is verified under penalty of perjury. See Schroeder v. McDonald, 55 F.3d 454, 460 (9th Cir. 1995) (holding that a complaint or motion duly verified under penalty of perjury pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1746 may be used as an opposing affidavit under FED.R.CIV.P. 56.). 24 3 25 26 27 28 In Defendants’ Reply to their Motion for Summary Judgment, they seek to strike Plaintiff’s declaration because he fails to “attest to the information therein under penalty of perjury.” See Defs.’ Reply at 2. However, because Plaintiff sought relief to amend his declaration to include this verification in a timely manner as evidenced by the Court’s ruling, Defendants’ request to strike this declaration is DENIED. Moreover, the Court notes that Defendants are seeking similar relief from the Court when they failed to provide the court with the required authenticating pages from Plaintiff’s deposition transcript. Because there is no prejudice to Plaintiff, the Court hereby GRANTS Defendants’ Ex Parte Application for Leave to Supplement Exhibit “B” to Defendants’ Memorandum of Points and Authorities in Support of Their Motion for Summary Judgment. 01cv2212 3 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 4 of 10 III. Factual Allegations 1 2 Plaintiff was incarcerated at Calipatria State Prison (“Calipatria”) in 1999 and housed in 3 the general population. See Plaintiff’s Stmt. of Undisputed Facts (“SOF”) No. 2; Defs.’s Ex. 4 B, Deposition of Plaintiff at 48:24-53:12. On February 5, 1999, Plaintiff was charged with a 5 CDC 115 Serious Rules Violation (“SRV”) Report alleging Plaintiff’s participation in the 6 stabbing of another inmate.4 See Pl.’s SOF at 3. As a result, Plaintiff was placed in 7 Administrative Segregation (“Ad-Seg”) pending a disciplinary hearing on the charges. Id. On 8 March 5, 1999, Defendant Estee (a.k.a. “Sellers”) was assigned as the “investigative employee” 9 to assist Plaintiff in his defense for his disciplinary hearing. Id. at 11; Pl.’s Depo at 95:17-21. 10 In his Second Amended Complaint, Plaintiff claims the role of Defendant Sellers was to “gather 11 evidence, interview witnesses” and “prepare a written report disclosing her findings of facts and 12 conclusion for [Plaintiff’s] defense.” See SAC at 11. Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Sellers 13 failed to gather and present evidence that would have exonerated him at the SVR hearing. Id. 14 at 12; SOF at 13; Pl.’s Depo at 95:17-21, 97:3-14. 15 Defendant Fast was the correctional officer assigned as the senior hearing officer to 16 adjudicate Plaintiff’s SVR hearing. See SOF at 14. Plaintiff claims that Defendant Fast violated 17 his due process rights when he found Plaintiff guilty of the Serious Rules Violation and imposed 18 punishment of 420 days in the “SHU”5 at Corcoran State Prison (“Corcoran”). Id. at 17-23. 19 Specifically, Plaintiff alleges that Defendant Fast excluded Plaintiff from the SVR hearing and 20 denied Plaintiff the opportunity to present his defense in violation of his due process rights. Id. 21 After Plaintiff appeared before the Institutional Classification Committee (“ICC”) and 22 the punishment imposed was upheld by the ICC, Plaintiff appealed Defendant Fast’s decision 23 through the administrative grievance process. Id. at 24-25. Plaintiff claims Defendants Candalot 24 4 25 26 27 CAL. CODE REGS., tit. 15 § 3312(a)(3) provides that “[w]hen misconduct is believed to be a violation of law or is not minor in nature, it shall be reported on a CDC Form 115 (Rev. 7/88), Rules Violation Report.” Depending on the seriousness of the charge, an inmate may be “retained in regularly assigned housing,” or, like Plaintiff, may be “placed in segregated housing pending the disciplinary proceedings.” Id. § 3312(a)(3)(A) & (B). 5 28 SHU is an acronym for Security Housing Unit. See CAL. CODE REGS., tit. 15 § 3341.5(c). “An inmate whose conduct endangers the safety of others or the security of the institution shall be housed in a SHU.” Id. 01cv2212 4 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 5 of 10 1 and Garcia, who were assigned to review and investigate Plaintiff’s grievance regarding his 2 claims of due process violations during his hearing, denied his appeal. See SOF at 26-31; Pl.’s 3 Depo at 64:19-22. As a result, Plaintiff was transferred to Corcoran on June 24, 1999 to begin 4 his disciplinary sentence of 420 days in the SHU. See SOF at 35; Pl.’s Depo at 52:14-53:20. 5 Plaintiff appealed to the Director’s Level of Review claiming that he was denied due 6 process at his SVR hearing. See SAC at 8. On September 14, 1999, Linda Melching, Chief of 7 the Inmate Appeals Branch, found that due process was denied Plaintiff at his disciplinary 8 hearings and ordered that the outcome of the SVR hearing be vacated and that Plaintiff be given 9 a new hearing. Id. Plaintiff alleges that Melching personally spoke with Defendant Houston 10 telephonically and informed Houston of her decision. The order was distributed to Houston, 11 Corbin, Streeter, Bravo and Galaza and this decision instructed Defendants to ensure Plaintiff 12 was removed from Ad-Seg and provided with a new SVR hearing. Id. at 8, 25. Plaintiff alleges 13 that these Defendants failed to carry out the procedures set forth in the directions by Linda 14 Melching. Id. at 26. As a result, Plaintiff spent an additional 200 days in the SHU at Corcoran. 15 Id. at 27. On April 25, 2000, Plaintiff was transferred to Salinas Valley State Prison (“Salinas”). 16 Plaintiff was granted a new SVR Hearing at Salinas and all charges against Plaintiff were 17 dismissed on August 14, 2000. Id. at 9. IV. Motion for Summary Judgment per FED.R.CIV.P. 56(c) 18 19 20 Defendants seek summary judgment on the grounds that there are no genuine issues of material facts to support Plaintiff’s Fourteenth Amendment due process claim. 21 A. Standard of Review 22 Summary judgment is appropriate if there is no genuine issue as to any material fact, and 23 the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law. FED.R.CIV.P. 56(c). The moving 24 party has the initial burden of demonstrating that summary judgment is proper. Adickes v. S.H. 25 Kress & Co., 398 U.S. 144, 157 (1970). The moving party must identify the pleadings, 26 depositions, affidavits, or other evidence which the moving party “believes demonstrates the 27 absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” Celotex Corp v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). 28 “A material issue of fact is one that affects the outcome of the litigation and requires a trial to 5 01cv2212 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 6 of 10 1 resolve the parties’ differing versions of the truth.” SEC v. Seaboard Corp., 677 F.2d 1301, 2 1306 (9th Cir. 1982). 3 The burden then shifts to the nonmoving party to establish, beyond the pleadings, that 4 there is a genuine issue for trial. Celotex, 477 U.S. at 324. To successfully rebut a properly 5 supported motion for summary judgment, the nonmoving party “must point to some facts in the 6 record that demonstrate a genuine issue of material fact and, with all reasonable inferences made 7 in the plaintiff[]’s favor, could convince a reasonable jury to find for the plaintiff[].” Reese v. 8 Jefferson School Dist. No. 14J, 208 F.3d 736, 738 (9th Cir. 2000) (citing FED.R.CIV.P. 56; 9 Celotex, 477 U.S. at 323). 10 B. Fourteenth Amendment Due Process Claim 11 Defendants argue that Plaintiff’s Fourteenth Amendment due process claim is 12 unsupportable as Plaintiff did not have a liberty interest implicated when he was placed in the 13 Corcoran SHU. See Defs.’ Mot. at 3. Plaintiff argues that a liberty interest existed when he was 14 left in the SHU for more than 200 days following the determination by the Director of Appeals 15 that his due process rights at his disciplinary hearing had been violated. The Due Process Clause 16 prohibits states from “depriving any person of life, liberty, or property, without the due process 17 of law.” U.S. CONST. AMEND. XIV. 18 The procedural guarantees of due process apply only when a constitutionally-protected 19 liberty or property interest is at stake. See Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 557-58 (1974). 20 In order to invoke the protection of the Due Process Clause, Plaintiff must first establish the 21 existence of a liberty interest. Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209, 125 S.Ct. 2384 (2005); Sandin 22 v. Conner, 515 U.S. 472 (1995). In Sandin, the Supreme Court “refocused the test for 23 determining the existence of a liberty interest away from the wording of prison regulations and 24 toward an examination of the hardship caused by the prison’s challenged action relative to the 25 ‘basic conditions’ of life as a prisoner.” Mitchell v. Dupnik, 75 F.3d 517, 522 (9th Cir. 1996) 26 (citing Sandin, 515 U.S. at 484); McQuillion v. Duncan, 306 F.3d 895, 902-03 (9th Cir. 2002) 27 (noting that Sandin abandons the mandatory/permissive language analysis courts traditionally 28 6 01cv2212 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 7 of 10 1 looked to when determining whether a state prison regulation created a liberty interest which 2 required due process protection). 3 Thus, “[a]fter Sandin, it is clear that the touchstone of the inquiry into the existence of 4 a protected, state-created liberty interest in avoiding restrictive conditions of confinement is not 5 the language of regulations regarding those conditions but the nature of those conditions 6 themselves ‘in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life.’” Wilkinson, 125 S.Ct. at 2394. 7 The Sandin test requires a case-by-case examination of both the conditions of the prisoner’s 8 confinement and the duration of the deprivation at issue. Sandin, 515 U.S. at 486. 9 1. Plaintiff’s Liberty Interest in Avoiding SHU Confinement 10 The Court must first determine whether Plaintiff has established a protected liberty 11 interest. Accordingly, under Sandin, the Court must determine whether the sentence to 12 Corcoran’s SHU and the time spent in the SHU following the directive to vacate Plaintiff’s 13 disciplinary conviction “imposes atypical and significant hardship on the inmate in relation to 14 the ordinary incidents of prison life.” Id. at 484. In Sandin, the Court found there were three 15 factors to consider when determining whether disciplinary segregation imposes atypical and 16 significant hardship: “(1) disciplinary segregation was essentially the same as discretionary 17 forms of segregation; (2) a comparison between the plaintiff’s confinement and conditions in the 18 general population showed that the plaintiff suffered no “major disruption in his environment”; 19 and the length of the plaintiff’s sentence was not affected.” Jackson v. Carey, 353 F.3d 750, 755 20 (quoting Sandin, 515 U.S. at 486-87). 21 Defendants argue that Plaintiff has failed to establish a protected liberty interest in 22 remaining free from disciplinary segregation because his sentence to the Corcoran SHU did not 23 subject him to atypical and significant hardships in comparison to the time that he spent in 24 Administrative Segregation (“Ad-Seg”) at Calipatria State Prison (“Calipatria”). It is undisputed 25 that from the time Plaintiff was removed from general population to the ultimate reversal of his 26 disciplinary conviction, he spent approximately 113 days in Ad-Seg at Calipatria and 27 approximately 307 days in the SHU at Corcoran. See SAC ¶¶ 14, 20, 25. It is further undisputed 28 that on September 14, 1999, Linda Melching, Chief of the Inmate Appeals Branch, issued a 7 01cv2212 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 8 of 10 1 decision in which the Institution Classification Committee (“ICC”) was instructed to vacate 2 Plaintiff’s SHU term and hold a new hearing regarding the inmate battery charges against 3 Plaintiff. See Pl.’s SOF at 45; Pl.’s Ex. “A,” Director’s Level Appeal Decision dated September 4 14, 1999. According to this Decision, Linda Melching indicates that she personally discussed 5 this issue with Defendant Houston. It is also undisputed that Plaintiff was not released from the 6 Corcoran SHU until April 25, 2000, nearly six months later, when Plaintiff was transferred to 7 Salinas Valley State Prison. See Pl.’s SOF at 68. 8 Defendants contend that Plaintiff must establish that the conditions in the Corcoran SHU 9 differed significantly from those found in the Calipatria Ad-Seg rather than the conditions found 10 in the general inmate population. See Defs.’ Mot. at 5 (citing Serrano v. Francis, 345 F.3d 1071, 11 1078 (9th Cir. 2003). Plaintiff argues that the conditions he was subjected to in the SHU were 12 atypical and significant whether you compared them to conditions found in the general 13 population or Ad-Seg. While Plaintiff was in general population he contends that he was a 14 member of a “Work Group Privilege Group” that earned him, among other things, good-time 15 credits, allowed him one-half of the monthly canteen draw, collect calls to family members, 16 physical contact visits from family and friends, permission to retain personal property items 17 worth in excess of $2000, ability to walk freely to the dining hall seven days a week, participate 18 in organized sports seven days a week, attend religious services, regular visits to the law library, 19 orthopedic shoes and extra cotton blankets. See Pl.’s Decl. at 4. While in the SHU at Corcoran, 20 Plaintiff contends that he was restricted to his cell for 23 hours a day, allowed one hour of 21 exercise five days a week, permitted non-contact visits only, suffered forfeiture of some of his 22 personal property, and was not allowed communication with other inmates. See Pl.’s SOF at 40, 23 44. These facts are not disputed by Defendants. 24 Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to Hunter, Having considered the 25 conditions in Plaintiff’s particular case, the Court finds as a matter of law that Hunter’s 26 placement did not subject him to an atypical and significant hardship in relation to the ordinary 27 incidents of prison life. See e.g., Chhoun v. Woodford, slip op., Case No. C 03 3219 SI, 2005 28 WL 1910930 (N.D. Cal. Aug. 10. 2005) (and cases cited therein at *7-8). The conditions 8 01cv2212 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 9 of 10 1 Plaintiff experienced while in the Corcoran SHU are similar to those conditions likely found at 2 most solitary confinement facilities. Moreover, it is unlike the confinement considered to be 3 atypical in the recent United States Supreme Court decision in Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209, 4 125 S.Ct. 2384 (2005). In Wilkinson, the Supreme Court found that there was a liberty interest 5 in avoiding confinement in the Ohio State Penitentiary (“OSP”) due to two additional key 6 features which are missing in Hunter’s case. First, the time to be spent by a prisoner when sent 7 to OSP is indefinite and is reviewed only once a year. Second, placement in OSP disqualifies 8 an otherwise eligible prisoner for parole consideration. Id. In Hunter’s case, the duration was 9 fixed and he did not lose eligibility for parole. 10 Thus, the Court finds that the conditions Plaintiff was subjected to in the SHU did not 11 constitute an atypical and significant hardship in relation to the ordinary incidents of prison life 12 and does not give rise to a liberty interest in avoiding placement in Corcoran’s SHU. Wilkinson, 13 125 S.Ct. at 2394-95; Sandin, 515 U.S. at 483. 14 2. Due Process Violations 15 Even assuming, for the sake of argument, that Hunter had a liberty interest in remaining 16 out of Corcoran’s SHU, his claim would fail because he was given all the process he was due 17 in connection with his disciplinary hearing. When Plaintiff was successful in the administrative 18 grievance process, any due process error relating to his initial disciplinary hearing was “cured.” 19 Wycoff v. Nichols, 94 F.3d 1187, 1189 (8th Cir. 1996) (holding that when a disciplinary 20 conviction is reversed upon administrative review, such reversal cures any earlier due process 21 violations that may have occurred). 22 “Prison disciplinary proceedings are not part of a criminal prosecution, and the full 23 panoply of rights due a defendant in such proceedings does not apply.” Wolff v. McDonnell, 418 24 U.S. at 539. Due process in connection with a disciplinary hearing requires that the prisoner 25 receive: (1) written notice of the charges against him; (2) a brief period of time to prepare for 26 the hearing; (3) a written statement by the factfinder regarding the facts relied upon and the 27 reasons for the disciplinary action; (4) an opportunity to call witnesses and present documentary 28 evidence; and (5) an opportunity to seek the aid of a fellow inmate or prison staff for complex 9 01cv2212 Case 3:01-cv-02212-BEN-WMC Document 152 Filed 09/19/2006 Page 10 of 10 1 matters. Id. at 563-70. Here, while Plaintiff’s due process rights may have been violated during 2 his initial disciplinary hearing (which led to his placement in Corcoran’s SHU), it is undisputed 3 that Plaintiff ultimately received a new hearing where the original charges were dismissed, his 4 SHU term was vacated and his classification score was readjusted in his favor. See Defs.’ SOF 5 at 7; SAC at ¶ 25; Pl.’s Decl. at 68. 6 disciplinary hearing was corrected during the administrative process and thus, there is no 7 compensable due process violation. See Torricellas v. Poole, 954 F.Supp. 1405, 1414 (C.D. Cal. 8 1997), aff’d, 141 F.3d 1179 (9th Cir. 1998). 9 10 Accordingly, the Court GRANTS Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment as to Plaintiff’s claims. V. Conclusion and Order 11 12 13 Any procedural error that occurred in the underlying For all the reasons set forth in the Order the Court hereby GRANTS Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment pursuant to FED.R.CIV.P. 56. 14 The Clerk shall enter judgment for Defendants and close the file. 15 IT IS SO ORDERED. 16 17 DATED: September 19, 2006 18 19 Hon. Roger T. Benitez United States District Judge 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 10 01cv2212
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