Sanchez-Beltran v. United States of Amercia, No. 5:2007cv02098 - Document 21 (N.D. Cal. 2015)
Court Description: ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS. Signed by Judge Lucy H. Koh on 7/22/2015. (lhklc3, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 7/22/2015)
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Sanchez-Beltran v. United States of Amercia Doc. 21 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 SAN JOSE DIVISION United States District Court Northern District of California 11 12 13 LUCIO SANCHEZ-BELTRAN, Petitioner, 14 16 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS v. 15 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK) 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Respondent. 17 18 19 Before the Court is Petitioner Lucio Sanchez-Beltran’s (“Petitioner”) motion to reopen his 20 28 U.S.C. § 2255 proceedings pursuant to Rule 60(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. 21 ECF No. 2191 (“Mot.”). Respondent United States of America (“Respondent”) filed an answer on 22 April 10, 2015. No. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK), ECF No. 17 (“Answer”). Petitioner filed a reply on 23 June 1, 2015. ECF No. 227 (“Reply”). Having considered the submissions of the parties, the 24 relevant law, and the record in this case, the Court hereby DENIES Petitioner’s motion to reopen 25 proceedings for the reasons stated below. 26 27 28 1 All ECF citations refer to No. 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 unless specified otherwise. 1 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS Dockets.Justia.com 1 I. BACKGROUND A. Factual Background 2 On July 13, 1999, a grand jury returned an indictment charging Petitioner with (1) 3 4 conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine; (2) attempted possession with intent to 5 distribute cocaine; (3) aiding and abetting; and (4) unlawful carrying of a firearm during and in 6 relation to a drug trafficking crime. ECF No. 202, Order Denying § 2255 Petition (“§2255 7 Denial”) at 1-2. Petitioner was released on bail on July 30, 1999. Id. at 2. Petitioner failed to 8 appear in court on August 18, 1999, and was subsequently arrested on September 17, 2001. Id. A grand jury returned a superseding indictment against Petitioner. On May 30, 2002, the 9 government offered Petitioner a plea agreement in which Petitioner would plead guilty to counts 1 11 United States District Court Northern District of California 10 and 5 of the superseding indictment. ECF No. 185 App’x A. The offer expired on June 11, 2002, 12 without Petitioner accepting it. Id. On July 24, 2002, a grand jury returned a second superseding 13 indictment charging Petitioner with (1) three counts of conspiracy to possess with intent to 14 distribute cocaine; (2) attempted possession with intent to distribute cocaine; (3) unlawful carrying 15 of a firearm during and in relation to a drug trafficking crime; (4) failure to appear before a court; 16 and (5) two counts of possession with intent to distribute cocaine. § 2255 Denial at 2. On March 17 24, 2003, Defendant pleaded guilty to all eight counts without a written plea agreement. ECF No. 18 96. 19 On March 9, 2005, U.S. District Judge Jeremy Fogel sentenced Petitioner to 384 months of 20 imprisonment. § 2255 Denial at 2. The Ninth Circuit affirmed Petitioner’s conviction and sentence 21 on December 18, 2006. See United States v. Sanchez-Beltran, 213 F. App’x 548 (9th Cir. 2006). 22 23 B. Procedural History On April 13, 2007, Petitioner filed a pro se motion to vacate, set aside, or correct sentence 24 under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 (“§ 2255 Petition”), which asserted that his trial counsel was ineffective 25 because counsel allegedly: (1) did not permit Petitioner to accept the May 30, 2002 plea 26 agreement; (2) coerced Petitioner to plead guilty before trial; (3) failed to raise an entrapment 27 28 2 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS 1 defense; (4) failed to call witnesses to rebut testimony during a suppression hearing; (5) failed to 2 object to the Court’s purportedly defective colloquy under Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of 3 Criminal Procedure; (6) failed to object to the Court’s postponement of the consideration of 4 Petitioner’s substantial assistance to the government; (7) requested a psychiatric evaluation to 5 determine Petitioner’s competency to stand trial; (8) failed to object to the Court’s use of the 6 Sentencing Guidelines in determining his presumptive sentence; and (9) failed to object to the 7 Court’s imposition of an aggravating role enhancement. See ECF No. 185. 8 9 10 United States District Court Northern District of California 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Judge Fogel denied the petition on June 26, 2009, without holding an evidentiary hearing. See § 2255 denial. As relevant here, Judge Fogel found as follows: While Defendant claims that counsel “would not allow” him to accept the government’s offer that would have allowed him to plead guilty to two counts of the superseding indictment, he does not explain how counsel prevented him from doing so. Had Defendant wanted to accept the offer, he certainly could have communicated that to the Court. Defendant does not claim that counsel failed to inform him about the offer or gave him bad advice regarding the offer; instead he claims that counsel somehow prevented him from accepting the offer. This claim is facially deficient given the lack of factual detail in Defendant’s affidavit and Defendant’s failure to inform the Court of his desire to accept a plea agreement at any time during the underlying proceedings, during the appellate proceedings, or in any manner at all prior to his filing the instant [§ 2255] motion. Similarly, while Defendant asserts that counsel coerced him to plead guilty, he provides no explanation as to how such coercion was accomplished. He does not describe any threats made by counsel or other conduct that would support his conclusory statement that he was coerced. Given the lengthy and detailed plea colloquy conducted by this Court, which expressly included a question as to whether Defendant had any complaint or dissatisfaction with the legal services he had received, and Defendant’s failure to claim any type of coercion at the time of the plea, this aspect of Defendant’s claim also is deficient on its face. Accordingly, an evidentiary hearing is not warranted. § 2255 Denial at 4. On February 22, 2010, Judge Fogel denied Petitioner’s request for a certificate of appealablity. ECF No. 209. The Ninth Circuit did so as well on September 29, 2010. ECF No. 3 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS 1 213. 2 Petitioner filed the instant motion to reopen his § 2255 proceedings pursuant to Rule 3 60(b)(6) on January 7, 2014. See Mot. Respondent filed its answer on April 10, 2015. See Answer. 4 On May 8, 2015, this case was reassigned to the undersigned judge. ECF No. 224. Petitioner filed 5 his reply on June 1, 2015. See Reply. 6 II. 7 8 9 LEGAL STANDARDS A. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) Rule 60(b) provides that a district court may relieve a party from a final judgment, order, or proceeding where the movant has shown one or more of the following: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise, or excusable neglect; (2) newly discovered evidence which by due 11 United States District Court Northern District of California 10 diligence could not have been discovered before the court’s decision; (3) fraud, misrepresentation, 12 or misconduct by an opposing party; (4) the judgment is void; (5) the judgment has been satisfied, 13 released or discharged; or (6) any other reason justifying relief. Fed. R. Civ. P. 60(b). A movant 14 seeking relief under Rule 60(b)(6) must show “‘extraordinary circumstances’ justifying the 15 reopening of a final judgment.” Gonzalez v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 524, 535 (2005) (quoting 16 Ackermann v. United States, 340 U.S. 193, 199 (1950)). 17 When determining whether a movant seeking relief under Rule 60(b) has demonstrated 18 “extraordinary circumstances,” a court considers the following factors: (1) whether an 19 “intervening change in the law . . . overruled an otherwise settled legal precedent”; (2) whether the 20 movant was diligent in seeking relief; (3) “whether granting the motion to reconsider would . . . 21 disturb[] the parties’ reliance interest in the finality of the case”; (4) the “delay between the finality 22 of the judgment and the motion for Rule 60(b)(6) relief”; (5) “the close relationship between the 23 two cases at issue”; and (6) “considerations of comity.” Phelps v. Alameida, 569 F.3d 1120, 1135- 24 39 (9th Cir. 2009). “[T]he proper course when analyzing a Rule 60(b)(6) motion predicated on an 25 intervening change in the law is to evaluate the circumstances surrounding the specific motion 26 before the court.” Id. at 1133. It is well established that “a change in the law will not always 27 28 4 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS 1 provide the truly extraordinary circumstances necessary to reopen a case.” Id. (internal quotation 2 marks omitted). 3 B. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h) “A petitioner is generally limited to one motion under § 2255, and may not bring a ‘second 4 5 or successive motion’ unless it meets the exacting standards of 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h).” United 6 States v. Washington, 653 F.3d 1057, 1059 (9th Cir. 2011). Section 2244(b)(3)(A) provides that 7 “[b]efore a second or successive application permitted by this section is filed in the district court, 8 the applicant shall move in the appropriate court of appeals for an order authorizing the district 9 court to consider the application.” 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3)(A). Section 2255(h) provides further: A second or successive motion must be certified as provided in section 2244 by a panel of the appropriate court of appeals to contain—(1) newly discovered evidence that, if proven and viewed in light of the evidence as a whole, would be sufficient to establish by clear and convincing evidence that no reasonable factfinder would have found the movant guilty of the offense; or (2) a new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on collateral review by the Supreme Court, that was previously unavailable. 10 United States District Court Northern District of California 11 12 13 14 15 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h). Reading these statutes together, the Ninth Circuit has determined that “[a] 16 second or successive § 2255 petition may not be considered by the district court unless petitioner 17 obtains a certificate authorizing the district court to do so.” Alaimalo v. United States, 645 F.3d 18 1042, 1054 (9th Cir. 2011) (citing 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h)). 19 III. 20 DISCUSSION In the instant case, Petitioner requests that the Court reopen the proceedings of his § 2255 21 Petition pursuant to Rule 60(b)(6). Mot. at 1. Petitioner bases the instant motion on an allegedly 22 intervening change in law created by the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Lafler v. Cooper, 132 23 S. Ct. 1376, 1384-85 (2012), which confirmed that the Strickland test for ineffective assistance of 24 counsel applies not just when counsel’s errors lead to “the improvident acceptance of a guilty 25 plea,” but also when counsel’s errors result in a “rejection of the plea offer and the defendant is 26 convicted at the ensuing trial.” See Mot. at 2. As the Court concludes that the instant motion 27 constitutes a successive or second § 2255 petition, and Petitioner has not sought—much less 5 28 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS 1 obtained—a certificate from the Ninth Circuit authorizing such a petition, the Court lacks 2 jurisdiction over Petitioner’s motion and must therefore deny it. Moreover, even if Petitioner had 3 sought a certificate from the Ninth Circuit, that request would almost certainly have been denied 4 because the Ninth Circuit has already held that Lafler did not establish “a new rule of 5 constitutional law” under the meaning of § 2255(h). Buenrostro v. United States, (“Buenrostro 6 II”), 697 F.3d 1137, 1140 (9th Cir. 2012). 7 A district court may only consider a successive § 2255 petition if the petitioner has attained 8 a certificate from the appropriate court of appeals pursuant to § 2255(h). Washington, 653 F.3d at 9 1065. “Because of the difficulty of meeting [the § 2255(h)] standard, petitioners often attempt to characterize their motions in a way that will avoid the strictures of § 2255(h).” Id. at 1059. For 11 United States District Court Northern District of California 10 example, petitioners may attempt to characterize their motions as being brought under Rule 60(b). 12 Id. “When a Rule 60(b) motion is actually a disguised second or successive § 2255 motion, it must 13 meet the criteria set forth in § 2255(h).” Id. at 1059-60; see United States v. Buenrostro, 14 (“Buenrostro I”) 638 F.3d 720, 722 (9th Cir. 2011) (requiring the petitioner’s disguised § 2255 15 petition to satisfy § 2255(h)). 16 To determine whether Petitioner’s Rule 60(b)(6) motion is in fact a disguised § 2255 17 petition, this Court looks to the Supreme Court’s decision in Gonzalez v. Crosby, 545 U.S. 524 18 (2005).2 See Washington, 653 F.3d at 1062. Under Gonzalez, “if the motion presents a ‘claim,’ i.e. 19 ‘an asserted federal basis for relief from a . . . judgment of conviction,’ then it is, in substance, a 20 new request for relief on the merits and should be treated as a disguised 2255 motion.” Id. at 1063 21 (citing Gonzalez, 545 U.S. at 530). “A Rule 60(b) motion can be said to bring a ‘claim’ if it seeks 22 to add a new ground for relief from the state conviction or attacks the federal court’s previous 23 resolution of a claim on the merits.” Gonzalez, 545 U.S. at 524-25. Examples of “claims” include: 24 25 26 27 28 2 Although Gonzalez was limited to § 2254 cases, the Ninth Circuit has held that Gonzalez’s “analysis is equally applicable to § 2255 cases.” Buenrostro I, 638 F.3d at 722. 6 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS 7 [A] motion asserting “that owing to ‘excusable neglect,’ the movant’s habeas petition had omitted a claim of constitutional error”; a motion to present “newly discovered evidence” in support of a claim previously denied; a contention “that a subsequent change in substantive law is a ‘reason justifying relief’ from the previous denial of a claim”; a motion “that seeks to add a new ground for relief”; a motion that “attacks the federal court’s previous resolution of a claim on the merits”; a motion that otherwise challenges the federal court’s “determination that there exist or do not exist grounds entitling a petitioner to habeas corpus relief”; and finally, “an attack based on the movant’s own conduct, or his habeas counsel’s omissions.” 8 Washington, 653 F.3d at 1063 (emphasis added) (citations omitted) (quoting Gonzalez, 545 U.S. at 9 530-32). Essentially, “a motion that does not challenge ‘the integrity of the proceedings, but in 10 effect asks for a second chance to have the merits determined favorably,’ [raises] a ‘claim’ that 11 takes it outside the purview of Rule 60(b).” Id. 1 2 3 4 5 United States District Court Northern District of California 6 12 In light of the foregoing, the Court concludes that Petitioner’s Rule 60(b)(6) motion “raises 13 ‘claims’ and thus should be considered a disguised second or successive § 2255 motion that [the 14 Court] must dismiss for lack of jurisdiction.” Washington, 653 F.3d at at 1063-64. As stated 15 above, a motion that argues “a subsequent change in substantive law is a reason justifying relief 16 from the previous denial of a claim” presents a “claim” for purposes of § 2255. Gonzalez, 545 17 U.S. at 531 (quotation omitted). Such is the case here. Petitioner’s Rule 60(b)(6) motion is 18 expressly based on “an intervening change of law,” which Petitioner says “fully supports” the 19 ineffective assistance of counsel claim that was raised in his § 2255 Petition and denied by Judge 20 Fogel in 2009. Mot. at 1. Under Gonzalez, then, Petitioner’s Rule 60(b)(6) motion raises a “claim” 21 and must therefore be treated as a successive § 2255 motion. See 545 U.S. at 531; see also 22 Washington, 653 F.3d at 1063. 23 Petitioner contends nonetheless that his Rule 60(b)(6) motion is not a successive § 2255 24 petition because “[t]hat is not the premise of said request under the present motion.” Reply at 5. 25 As noted above, however, Gonzalez makes clear that it is the relief sought, not the pleading’s title, 26 that determines whether the motion is a successive § 2255 petition. See 545 U.S. at 531 27 (“[A]lthough labeled a Rule 60(b) motion, [the motion] is in substance a successive habeas 7 28 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS 1 petition and should be treated accordingly.”); see also United States v. Torres, 282 F.3d 1241, 2 1246 (10th Cir. 2002) (“Indeed, to allow a petition to avoid the bar against successive § 2255 3 petitions by simply styling a petition under a different name would severely erode the procedural 4 restraints imposed under 28 U.S.C. §§ 2244(b)(3) and 2255.”). Petitioner fails to explain how his 5 motion to reopen his § 2255 proceedings in any way “challenges ‘the integrity of th[ose] 6 proceedings.’” Washington, 653 F.3d at 1063. Consequently, the Court finds Petitioner’s motion 7 to be a successive § 2255 petition. “A second or successive § 2255 petition may not be considered by the district court unless 8 9 petitioner obtains a certificate authorizing the district court to do so.” Washington, 653 F.3d at 1065 (citation omitted); see 28 U.S.C. § 2244(b)(3)(A) (“Before a second or successive 11 United States District Court Northern District of California 10 application permitted by this section is filed in the district court, the applicant shall move in the 12 appropriate court of appeals for an order authorizing the district court to consider the 13 application.”); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h) (“A second or successive motion must be certified as 14 provided in section 2244 by a panel of the appropriate court of appeals . . . .”). To date, Petitioner 15 has not sought, and the Ninth Circuit has not issued, any such certificate authorizing Petitioner to 16 file a successive § 2255 motion.3 Accordingly, this Court lacks jurisdiction to entertain 17 Petitioner’s successive § 2255 motion and must deny it. 18 IV. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 CONCLUSION For the foregoing reasons, the Court DENIES Petitioner’s motion to reopen proceedings under Rule 60(b)(6). 3 Even if Petitioner had sought a certificate from the Ninth Circuit, the Court is skeptical that Petitioner could satisfy the § 2255(h) standard. Petitioner does not purport to rely on “newly discovered evidence that, if proven and viewed in light of the evidence as a whole, would be sufficient to establish by clear and convincing evidence that no reasonable factfinder would have found [him] guilty of the offense.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255(h)(1). Nor does Petitioner purport to rely on “a new rule of constitutional law, made retroactive to cases on collateral review by the Supreme Court, that was previously unavailable.” Id. § 2255(h)(2). Rather, Petitioner’s motion relies on the U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling in Lafler. However, Lafler cannot form the basis for an application for a second or successive motion under § 2255(h)(2) because the Ninth Circuit has already held that Lafler did not “decide[] a new rule of constitutional law.” Buenrostro II, 697 F.3d at 1140. 8 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS 1 IT IS SO ORDERED. 2 3 4 5 Dated: July 22, 2015 ______________________________________ LUCY H. KOH United States District Judge 6 7 8 9 10 United States District Court Northern District of California 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 9 Case Nos. 07-CV-02098-JF(LHK); 99-CR-20106-LHK-2 ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REOPEN PROCEEDINGS
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