(PS) Gjerde v. United States of America et al, No. 2:2010mc00068 - Document 7 (E.D. Cal. 2011)
Court Description: ORDER and FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATIONS signed by Magistrate Judge Kendall J. Newman on 4/7/2011. The 4 Order to Show Cause is ordered DISCHARGED. And Court is RECOMMENDING that Gjerde's 1 Petition to Quash be dismissed; respondents' 5 Motion to Dismiss be granted; Clerk vacate all future dates and close this action. Within 14 days after being served with these F/Rs, any party may file written Objections with Court and serve a copy on all parties. (Marciel, M)
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(PS) Gjerde v. United States of America et al Doc. 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 SEAN P. GJERDE dba LAW OFFICES OF SEAN P. GJERDE, 11 Petitioner, No. 2:10-mc-00068 MCE KJN PS 12 v. 13 14 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, et al., 15 ORDER and FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATION Respondents. 16 / 17 Petitioner Sean P. Gjerde dba Law Offices of Sean P. Gjerde (the “petitioner” or 18 “Gjerde”) filed a petition to quash two Internal Revenue Service Summons (the “petition”) 19 pursuant to 26 U.S.C. §§ 7609(b)(2) and 7609(h).1 (Dkt. No. 1.) The two summonses address 20 various records of petitioner’s that are in the possession of two banks.2 Petitioner, an attorney 21 representing himself in this action, raises two main arguments in support of his request. The first 22 argument is that the summonses seek client trust account documents containing the “identity of 23 24 1 This case was referred to the undersigned pursuant to Eastern District of California Local Rule 302(c)(10). 25 2 26 The summons were issued to two third party financial institutions: Wells Fargo Bank N.A. and Elk Grove Commerce Bank. (Dkt. No. 1 at 1; Exhs. 1-2.) 1 Dockets.Justia.com 1 Petitioner’s clients [and] is confidential information to which the IRS is not entitled.” (Dkt. No. 2 1 at 4.) The second argument is that the IRS “already possesses all relevant information to 3 determine Petitioner’s tax liability . . . .” (Id.) In the alternative to an order quashing both 4 summonses, petitioner requests that the undersigned issue protective orders blocking the IRS’s 5 access to the client trust account records. (Id. at 1.) For the reasons described below, the 6 petition to quash is denied in its entirety. 7 I. BACKGROUND 8 9 In an order dated June 28, 2010, the undersigned ordered petitioner to effect “proper service of process upon” respondents the United States of America, the Commissioner of 10 Internal Revenue, and agent Randall Zielke (the “respondents”) within 30 days. (Dkt. No. 2.)3 11 That same order directed petitioner to serve a copy of the order upon respondents and file a 12 certificate confirming such service. (Id.) Finally, that order directed respondents to “file and 13 serve an opposition to the petition and/or a motion for summary enforcement” within 30 days of 14 being served. (Id.) 15 When respondents did not file and serve an opposition to the petition and/or a 16 motion for summary enforcement within 30 days, the undersigned issued an Order to Show 17 Cause (“OSC”) why the petition should not be summarily granted. (Dkt. No. 4.) In their 18 “Response of the United States to the Court’s Order to Show Cause,” respondents explained that 19 their failure to timely file and serve an opposition to the petition was due to the fact that 20 petitioner failed to properly effect service upon them. (Dkt. No. 6 at 1-2.) Specifically, 21 respondents state that petitioner served the United States’ Attorney’s Office, but did not do so via 22 23 24 25 26 3 Although petitioner filed a proof of service reflecting that he served a copy of the petition to quash by mail on respondent Randall Zielke, Revenue Agent with the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”), and the relevant financial institutions, there is no evidence to indicate that he served the petition on respondent United States in accordance with Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 4(i). (See also Dkt. No. 1 at 9, ¶ 9.) Further, the petitioner’s proof of service does not reflect that his petition was mailed by certified or registered mail, rather than standard postal mail, to the IRS or Randall Zielke. (See Dkt. No. 1 at 9, ¶ 10; 26 U.S.C. § 7609(b)(2)(B).) 2 1 certified mail or via personal service. (Id. at 1.) Respondents also state that petitioner did not 2 serve the United States Attorney General, and that petitioner never filed a proof of service 3 reflecting that the court’s June 29, 2010 order was ever properly served upon the United States. 4 (Id. at 1-2.) Respondents argue that petitioner—not respondents—violated the court’s June 29, 5 2010 order, and that given these service issues, respondents’ “briefing schedule has not yet begun 6 to run.” (Id. at 2.) 7 Respondents filed a motion to dismiss the petition to quash on the same day they 8 filed their response to the OSC. (Dkt. Nos. 5-6.) Respondents argued both that Gjerde’s petition 9 lacks substantive merit and that his failure to properly effect service is sufficient to warrant the 10 summary denial of his petition. (Dkt. No. 6 at 2; Dkt. No. 5 at 1.)4 The fact that the petition was 11 apparently served via first class mail instead of certified mail, and that the petition may not have 12 been properly served upon the United States Attorney General, may each be sufficient to warrant 13 summary denial of the petition. However, in this particular case the undersigned need not 14 determine the consequences of such service because the petition is deficient on the merits. 15 II. LEGAL STANDARDS The government can defeat a petition to quash if the government makes a prima 16 17 facie showing of good faith and the taxpayer fails to establish an adequate defense. United States 18 v. Powell, 379 U.S. 48, 57-58 (1964).5 Under Powell, respondents need only make a prima facie 19 showing of good faith in the issuance of the summons. Lidas, Inc. v. United States, 238 F.3d 20 1076, 1081-82 (9th Cir. 2001) (citing Powell, 379 U.S. at 57-58). Respondents’ burden under 21 Powell is “slight.” Stewart v. United States, 511 F.3d 1251, 1254 (9th Cir. 2008). 22 23 24 25 26 4 Petitioner did not file a reply or otherwise respond to the motion to dismiss. The undersigned took the matter under submission, as neither party requested oral argument. (Dkt. No. 2 at 2.) 5 The Powell factors apply when courts consider petitions to quash IRS summonses. E.g., Fortney v. United States, 59 F.3d 117, 119 (9th Cir. 1995); Belsby v. Comm’r, No. CV-04-304-RHW, 2004 WL 3168262, at *1 (E.D. Wash. Dec. 2, 2004) (not reported). 3 1 Respondents must establish that: “(1) the investigation will be conducted for a 2 legitimate purpose; (2) the inquiry will be relevant to such purpose; (3) the information sought is 3 not already within the Commissioner’s possession; and (4) the administrative steps required by 4 the Internal Revenue Code have been followed.” Lidas, Inc., 238 F.3d at 1081-82 (citing Powell, 5 379 U.S. at 57-58); accord Crystal v. United States, 172 F.3d 1141, 1144 (9th Cir. 1999). Courts 6 have consistently recognized that declarations or affidavits by IRS directors or agents generally 7 satisfy the Powell requirements. Lidas, Inc., 238 F.3d at 1081-82 (citing cases); accord Crystal, 8 172 F.3d at 1144 (holding that the government’s burden “may be satisfied by a declaration from 9 the investigating agent that the Powell requirements have been met”) (citing cases). The IRS’s 10 summons power “must be construed broadly.” Stewart, 511 F.3d at 1254. 11 Once the IRS establishes a prima facie case for enforcement of its summons under 12 Powell, the burden shifts to the taxpayer, who “may challenge the summons on any appropriate 13 ground,” including failure to meet the Powell requirements. Lidas, Inc., 238 F.3d at 1081-82 14 (citing Powell, 379 U.S. at 58.) The taxpayer must demonstrate “an abuse of process” or “the 15 lack of institutional good faith.” Stewart, 511 F.3d at 1255. The taxpayer bears a “heavy” 16 burden to rebut the presumption of good faith. Id.; Lidas, Inc., 238 F.3d at 1081-82 (citing 17 United States v. Jose, 131 F.3d 1325, 1328 (9th Cir. 1997) (en banc).) Those “opposing 18 enforcement of a summons . . . bear the burden to disprove the actual existence of a valid civil 19 tax determination or collection purpose by the [Internal Revenue] Service.” Crystal, 172 F.3d at 20 1144. To meet this heavy burden, “the taxpayer must allege specific facts and evidence to 21 support his allegations of bad faith or improper purpose.” Id. (emphasis added). 22 III. DISCUSSION 23 A. Order to Show Cause 24 In their “Response of the United States to the Court’s Order to Show Cause,” 25 respondents explained that their failure to timely file and serve an opposition to the petition was 26 due to the fact that petitioner failed to properly effect service upon them. (Dkt. No. 6 at 1-2.) A 4 1 review of the court’s docket confirms that petitioner did not refute these service issues. 2 Respondents’ explanation is sufficient to explain their failure to timely oppose the petition. 3 Accordingly, the OSC is discharged. 4 B. Petition to Quash 5 Respondents have made their prima facie showing under Powell. See Powell, 379 6 U.S. 48, 57-58 (1964). Agent Zielke’s declaration in support of the motion to dismiss meets the 7 first Powell requirement: that the summonses were issued pursuant to the legitimate purpose of 8 examining Gjerde’s 2007 and 2008 federal income tax returns. (Dkt. No. 5-2, Zielke Decl. at ¶¶ 9 3-7.) The Internal Revenue Code specifically authorizes the issuance of summonses for the 10 purpose of determining the correct tax liability of any taxpayer. E.g., Belsby v. Comm’r, No. 11 CV-04-304-RHW, 2004 WL 3168262, at *1 (E.D. Wash. Dec. 2, 2004) (not reported). A 12 declaration from the revenue agent who issued the summons at issue stating that the agent is 13 conducting an investigation into the individual federal tax liability of the petitioner is sufficient 14 to meet the first prong of the Powell factors. E.g., id.; Lidas, Inc., 238 F.3d at 1081-82 (citing 15 cases); Crystal, 172 F.3d at 1144. 16 Agent Zielke has also declared that the requested bank records are relevant to 17 determining petitioner’s tax liability, so the second Powell factor is satisfied. (Dkt. No. 5-2, 18 Zielke Decl. at ¶¶ 3-7.) The information sought by the IRS summonses need only be potentially 19 relevant. United States v. Arthur Young & Co., 465 U.S. 805, 813-14 (1984). There need only 20 be a “realistic expectation” that relevant information “might be discovered.” Hasty v. United 21 States, No. MISC S-06-0049 MCE KJM PS, 2006 WL 3020945, at *2 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 23, 2006) 22 (not reported). Here, the requested bank records may reflect or verify Gjerde’s proper reporting 23 of his income. See e.g. Valley Escrow Trust v. United States, 107 F.3d 19, 1996 WL 726636, at 24 *1 (9th Cir. 1996) (memorandum opinion) (not reported) (finding bank records were relevant to 25 determine flow of funds); Hasty, 2006 WL 3020945, at *2 (holding that bank statements and 26 other financial documents requested by the Summons would “help determine whether the federal 5 1 income tax liabilities the [petitioners] reported . . . are correct” and were therefore “relevant” to 2 meet the second Powell factor). Petitioner’s argument that the requested documents include 3 records from his Client Trust Accounts and therefore, by definition, are not relevant to his own 4 personal tax liability (Dkt. No. 1 at 4) is not well-taken, especially in light of Agent Zielke’s 5 declaration that the IRS’s investigation seeks in part to ascertain whether the funds deposited into 6 those accounts were indeed funds held in trust as opposed to petitioner’s business receipts or 7 income. (Dkt. No. 5-2, Zielke Decl. at ¶¶ 4-7.) 8 The third and fourth Powell factors have also been met here. Agent Zielke has 9 declared that the requested information is not already within the IRS’s possession (Dkt. No. 5-2, 10 Zielke Decl. at ¶ 8), and that he has complied with all administrative steps required by the United 11 States Code (Dkt. No. 5-2, Zielke Decl. at ¶¶ 5,10). See Hasty, 2006 WL 3020945, at *2 12 (holding that IRS agent’s declaration was sufficient to satisfy these factors); Stewart, 511 F.3d at 13 1255 (agent’s declaration sufficient to satisfy the government’s “slight” burden under the fourth 14 Powell factor). Finally, while petitioner alleges that, in his opinion, the IRS already possesses 15 the information targeted by the summonses at issue, petitioner does not support his opinion with 16 any specific facts, evidence, or a declaration. (Dkt. No. 1 at 4.) Given Agent’s Zielke’s 17 confirmation that the IRS does not have the requested information, petitioner’s unsupported and 18 vague contention otherwise is not well-taken. See Crystal, 172 F.3d at 1144. 19 Accordingly, because the IRS has met its burden, petitioner faces the “heavy” 20 burden of showing bad faith or an improper purpose. See Hasty, 2006 WL 3020945, at *2. 21 However, petitioner alleges neither bad faith nor an improper purpose, and has not met his heavy 22 burden of presenting specific facts and evidence to support either of these possible contentions. 23 Instead, as noted above, petitioner’s arguments appear to be that: (1) the IRS already possesses 24 the information it seeks (Dkt. No. 1 at 4); and (2) the summons improperly seek “confidential” 25 documents. (Dkt. No. 1 at 4.) As noted above, the first argument is unsupported by specific 26 facts or evidence and is not well-taken here. The second argument is equally unsupported and is 6 1 2 addressed below. Petitioner’s general claim that the summonses target some “confidential” 3 documents appears to be an assertion of attorney-client privilege on behalf of his clients who 4 might be identified within documents relating to his client trust accounts. (Dkt. No. 1 at 4.) 5 Petitioner does not elaborate on the nature of the “confidentiality” argument he raises. The 6 argument lacks both legal and factual support and is not well-taken. “It is well-settled that there 7 is no privilege between a bank and a depositor.” Reiserer v. United States, 479 F.3d 1160, 1165 8 (9th Cir. 2007) (citing Harris v. United States, 413 F.2d 316, 319-20 (9th Cir. 1969)). More 9 importantly, “there is no confidentiality where a third party such as a bank either receives or 10 generates the documents sought by the IRS.” Id. The “attorney-client privilege applies only 11 where the communication between attorney and client is confidential,” so there appears to be no 12 privilege protecting the financial documents the IRS seeks in the present action. See id. 13 Moreover, the privilege “protects neither a client’s identity nor information regarding the fee 14 arrangements reached with that client.” Id. Further, the limited exception to this rule, where 15 disclosure of clients’ identities “would convey information tantamount to a confidential 16 communication,” United States v. Blackman, 72 F.3d 1418, 1424-25 (9th Cir. 1995), does not 17 apply in this case. Here, petitioner has not described how such a protected communication might 18 conceivably be in the possession of the third-party banks that received summonses in this case. 19 Regardless, courts have held that bank records pertaining to an attorney’s client 20 trust accounts are not protected by the attorney-client privilege. E.g., Rosingana v. United States, 21 No. Misc S-07-88 LEW KJM, 2008 WL 183502, at *1 (E.D. Cal. Jan. 18, 2008) (not reported) 22 (holding that there is no attorney-client privilege that bars disclosure of California State Bar trust 23 account information); Edwards v. IRS, No. C 06-05331 WHA, 2006 WL 3499273, at *2 (N.D. 24 Cal. Dec. 4, 2006) (not reported) (rejecting assertion of attorney-client privilege with respect to 25 an attorney’s trust account bank records, because petitioner “presented no evidence supporting 26 his assertion of privilege”); United States v. Bank of California, 424 F. Supp. 220, 225 (N.D. Cal. 7 1 1976) (“More importantly, Applicant is not called upon to reveal his clients’ identities. The 2 clients’ names appear on copies of checks which are in the hands of a third-party bank and, as 3 noted, the summons is directed at the Bank.”); Matz v. United States, No. CIV 96-0957-PHX- 4 SMM, 1996 WL 628469, at *2 (D. Ariz. July 24, 1996) (not reported) (noting that even if the 5 documents in question had at one time been privileged, the privileged had been waived by 6 turning the documents over to a third-party bank). 7 In sum, respondents have met their burden under Powell, but petitioner has not 8 met his heavy burden of showing the summonses were issued in bad faith or for an improper 9 purpose. Likewise, petitioner has also failed to supply any specific facts or evidence supporting 10 application of the attorney-client privilege or any other argument that would warrant quashing the 11 summonses. 12 //// 13 //// 14 //// 15 //// 16 //// 17 //// 18 //// 19 //// 20 //// 21 //// 22 //// 23 //// 24 //// 25 //// 26 //// 8 1 For the foregoing reasons, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 2 1. 3 Additionally, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that: 4 1. 5 The Order to Show Cause (Dkt. No. 4) is discharged. Gjerde’s petition to quash (Dkt. No. 1) be dismissed, and Respondents’ motion to dismiss (Dkt. No. 5) be granted; 6 2. The Clerk of the Court vacate all future dates in this action; and 7 3. The Clerk of the Court close this case. 8 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District 9 Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen 10 days after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 11 objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Id.; see also E. D. Local Rule 304(b). 12 Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and 13 Recommendations.” Any response to the objections shall be filed with the court and served on 14 all parties within fourteen days after service of the objections. E. D. Local Rule 304(d). Failure 15 to file objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s 16 order. Turner v. Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998); Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153, 17 1156-57 (9th Cir. 1991). 18 19 IT IS SO ORDERED AND RECOMMENDED. DATED: April 7, 2011 20 21 22 _____________________________________ KENDALL J. NEWMAN UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 23 24 25 26 9
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