(PC) Johnson v. Director of CDCR et al, No. 2:2010cv01183 - Document 14 (E.D. Cal. 2010)
Court Description: FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATIONS signed by Magistrate Judge Gregory G. Hollows on 10/21/2010 RECOMMENDING that this action be dismissed w/ prejudice for pltf's failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Referred to Judge Morrison C. England, Jr.; Objections due w/in 14 days. (Yin, K)
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(PC) Johnson v. Director of CDCR et al Doc. 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 TYRONE DANIEL JOHNSON, 11 12 13 14 15 16 Plaintiff, No. CIV S-10-1183 MCE GGH P vs. DIRECTOR OF CDCR, et al., Defendants. FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS / Plaintiff is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis with an action 17 filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983. By order filed August 9, 2010, plaintiff's complaint was 18 dismissed with leave to file an amended complaint. Plaintiff has filed an amended complaint. 19 As plaintiff was previously informed, the court is required to screen complaints 20 brought by prisoners seeking relief against a governmental entity or officer or employee of a 21 governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). The court must dismiss a complaint or portion 22 thereof if the prisoner has raised claims that are legally “frivolous or malicious,” that fail to state 23 a claim upon which relief may be granted, or that seek monetary relief from a defendant who is 24 immune from such relief. 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1),(2). 25 26 A claim is legally frivolous when it lacks an arguable basis either in law or in fact. Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 325 (1989); Franklin v. Murphy, 745 F.2d 1221, 1227-28 1 Dockets.Justia.com 1 (9th Cir. 1984). The court may, therefore, dismiss a claim as frivolous where it is based on an 2 indisputably meritless legal theory or where the factual contentions are clearly baseless. Neitzke, 3 490 U.S. at 327. The critical inquiry is whether a constitutional claim, however inartfully 4 pleaded, has an arguable legal and factual basis. See Jackson v. Arizona, 885 F.2d 639, 640 (9th 5 Cir. 1989); Franklin, 745 F.2d at 1227. 6 A complaint must contain more than a “formulaic recitation of the elements of a 7 cause of action;” it must contain factual allegations sufficient to “raise a right to relief above the 8 speculative level.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 1965 (2007). 9 “The pleading must contain something more...than...a statement of facts that merely creates a 10 suspicion [of] a legally cognizable right of action.” Id., quoting 5 C. Wright & A. Miller, Federal 11 Practice and Procedure 1216, pp. 235-235 (3d ed. 2004). “[A] complaint must contain sufficient 12 factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft 13 v. Iqbal, No. 07-1015, 2009 WL 1361536 at *12 (May 18, 2009) (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 14 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955). “A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content 15 that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the 16 misconduct alleged.” Id. 17 In reviewing a complaint under this standard, the court must accept as true the 18 allegations of the complaint in question, Hospital Bldg. Co. v. Rex Hospital Trustees, 425 U.S. 19 738, 740, 96 S.Ct. 1848 (1976), construe the pleading in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, 20 and resolve all doubts in the plaintiff’s favor. Jenkins v. McKeithen, 395 U.S. 411, 421, 89 S.Ct. 21 1843 (1969). 22 Plaintiff names as defendants: a court stenographer named Peggy Bakarich; Hilda 23 Scheib, his appellate attorney; and the Director of CDCR.1 Amended Complaint (AC), pp. 1-3. 24 He alleges that defendant Bakarich failed to inform the trial court and his trial attorney [in 25 26 1 California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation. 2 1 Sacramento County] that court records were incomplete and also misled the Third Appellate 2 Court by certifying that the trial records were complete when the oral pronouncement of the 3 twenty-five-year-to-life sentence was not a part of the record. Id. at 3. Plaintiff includes a copy 4 of an unsigned declaration with Peggy Bakarich’s name stating that the conclusion of a hearing 5 on the judgment and sentence on October 14, 1999, was reported but was unable to be 6 transcribed past page 436, due a faulty diskette in the stenomachine. Id. at 18. Plaintiff alleges 7 that he has had to endure 12 years of an illegal sentence based on the lack of transcripts. Id. at 4. 8 Plaintiff appears to believe that the lack of a portion of the sentencing transcript signifies that no 9 judgment/sentencing took place. Id. Alternatively, he may be claiming that no sentencing took 10 place and because there is no transcript record, he has been subjected to an illegal sentence for 11 years now. Id. Plaintiff accuses defendant Bakarich of having failed to inform the trial court at 12 the time of this mistake/omission and of having failed to provide a declaration until all the 13 briefing was submitted in his direct appeal, averring that the belated notice constituted a criminal 14 act. Id. at 5. 15 Plaintiff alleges that he walked out an open door when he was sent to Yolo 16 County on a child custody matter on October 22, 1999, some eight days after an allegedly 17 fraudulent abstract of judgment from Sacramento County apparently shows he had been 18 sentenced there (in Sacramento County Superior Court) to a prison term of 25 years to life. AC, 19 p. 4. Plaintiff was picked up by Sacramento police on October 24, 1999, who released him again 20 to the custody of the Yolo County sheriff, whereupon he was thrown into solitary confinement 21 and forgotten for two years. Id. 22 Plaintiff claims that his appellate counsel, defendant Scheib, appointed on July 17, 23 2000, failed to contact him in Yolo County Jail before filing an opening brief. AC, p. 5. He 24 alleges that on August 13, 2001, she filed a supplemental brief, once she was informed by 25 petitioner that Sacramento County had forgotten to pronounce a sentence. Id. He accuses her of 26 having filed the opening brief without having reviewed the trial records that would have revealed 3 1 this omission, and he contends defendant Scheib told him defendant Bakarich was filing a 2 declaration of absent records with the Third District Appellate Court, which did not occur. Id. at 3 5-6. 4 Plaintiff alleges, in addition, that CDCR (and presumably the defendant director) 5 has known since 2001 that plaintiff is being illegally confined. AC, p. 7. He notes that the 6 CDCR legal processing unit wrote to the Yolo County Superior Court [concerning the six-year 7 sentence he subsequently received from that court] from which CDCR received no response. 8 AC, p. 7. In a copy of a letter dated August 27, 2001, which plaintiff includes as an exhibit, Yolo 9 County Superior Court Judge William S. Lebov is informed by a CDCR correctional case records 10 analyst that the abstract of judgment and minute order fails to reflect the relationship of the Yolo 11 County Court sentence and that of the Sacramento County Court, asking for a certified copy of 12 any minute order or modified abstract of judgment. Id. at 23. Within the letter, the case records 13 analyst makes a reference “that an illegal sentence exists....” Id. A copy of another letter from 14 the same analyst, dated February 26, 2002, directed to the Yolo County District Attorney 15 identifies “an error in the sentence imposed or a discrepancy in the legal documents,” and states 16 that letters were sent on August 27, 2001 and on November 20, 2001 to the Court about the 17 problem to which no response had been received. Id. at 24. 18 In a copy of another letter, dated much later, March 24, 2009 (stamped received 19 March 26, 2009), a different case records analyst signed a letter directed to the Sacramento 20 County Superior Court criminal clerk, indicating that, inter alia, the October 14, 1999, “transcript 21 of proceedings at time of sentencing” was not included in the CDCR files for plaintiff. AC, p. 22 25. Plaintiff also includes a copy of an abstract of the Yolo County judgment indicating plaintiff 23 was convicted on March 2, 2001, with the six-year sentence for his escape from jail pronounced 24 on March 30, 2001. Id. at 31. Plaintiff also includes at least a partial copy of a sheet showing his 25 criminal history, wherein it is noted the life term he is serving began on April 6, 2001. Id. at 32. 26 Plaintiff raises the question of how he can have begun serving a sentence supposedly imposed on 4 1 October 14, 1999, almost eighteen months later, such that he contends that CDCR’s intake of 2 him was illegal and fraudulent and without the necessary clerk of court’s certification. Id., at 33. 3 Plaintiff asks that the court order an investigation into the documents that support his 4 confinement; issue an order for the Sacramento County Superior Court to issue the transcript of 5 the oral pronouncement of his sentence; make an order for CDCR to provide plaintiff with all his 6 legal records, including a receipt from the “sheriff department” for delivery of plaintiff to prison, 7 in compliance with state and prison regulation/statute and for CDCR to be enjoined from 8 continuing “there [sic] cruel confinement”; plaintiff also seeks punitive damages for his “illegal 9 confinement.” Id. at 3, 9. Plaintiff’s request that the court issue an injunction for his 10 confinement to be put to an end belies his assertion that he is not asking the court to “issue any 11 form of release from confinement.” Id. at 8. 12 The court has painstakingly laid out the claims of this putative action and finds the 13 defects of plaintiff’s claims are such that this action should be dismissed with prejudice for the 14 following reasons. Plaintiff’s apparent ambivalence on the question of whether or not he seeks 15 release from his current confinement in this case appears to stem from the court’s admonition in 16 the August 9, 2010, screening order that he may not proceed in a civil rights action if the relief he 17 seeks is his release from prison, but must pursue release in a petition under 28 U.S.C. § 2254. 18 See docket # 10, p. 4. 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Federal law opens two main avenues to relief on complaints related to imprisonment: a petition for habeas corpus, 28 U.S.C. 2254, and a complaint under the Civil Rights Act of 1871, Rev. Stat. 1979, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 1983. Challenges to the validity of any confinement or to particulars affecting its duration are the province of habeas corpus, Preiser v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 500, 93 S.Ct. 1827, 36 L.Ed.2d 439 (1973); requests for relief turning on circumstances of confinement may be presented in a § 1983 action. Muhammad v. Close, 540 U.S.749, 750, 124 S.Ct. 1303, 1304 (2004) (per curiam). Plaintiff, however, may not be proceeding on a habeas petition because he realizes such a petition would be successive and, as such, must be authorized by the Ninth Circuit before 5 1 he may, as petitioner, proceed in this court. See 28 U.S.C. 2244(b)(3); Rule 9, Rules Governing 2 Section 2254 Cases; Ninth Circuit Rule 22-3. In the order at docket # 10 (p. 5, n.2), this court, 3 inter alia, took judicial notice of a previous petition upon which plaintiff, as petitioner, had 4 proceeded before the undersigned, challenging his 2001 Yolo County conviction for escape in 5 Case No. CIV-S-03-1106 LKK GGH P.2 The court further noted (id.) that the petition had been 6 denied by order filed on August 24, 2005, and that within [the January 18, 2005, findings and 7 recommendations adopted in the district judge’s order] his sentences for both convictions, in 8 Sacramento County and Yolo County, had been set forth plainly. The court now additionally 9 takes judicial notice of petitioner’s challenge to his 1999 Sacramento County conviction and the 10 25-year-to-life sentence in a separate habeas, Case No. CIV-S-02-1671 GEB JFM P.3 That 11 petition was denied in an order filed on March 3, 2008. As to CIV-S-02-1671, a certificate of 12 appealability was denied in both the district court and by the Ninth Circuit. With regard to CIV- 13 S-03-1106, the district court’s denial of his petition was affirmed by the Ninth Circuit. On the 14 face of it, therefore, plaintiff appears to be seeking to circumvent herein the prior rulings of this 15 court denying his challenges to the convictions/sentences of Yolo and Sacramento Counties, the 16 legitimacy of which plaintiff seeks to put at issue again in the instant case. 17 Under the doctrine of res judicata, a final judgment on the merits precludes the 18 parties or their privies from relitigating issues that were or could have been raised in that action. 19 Dodd v. Hood River County, 59 F.3d 852, 863 (9th Cir. 1995). The Supreme Court has noted 20 that “claim preclusion” and “issue preclusion” are referred to collectively as “res judicata.” 21 Taylor v. Sturgell, 553 U.S. 880, 128 S. Ct. 2161, 2171 (2008). 22 The doctrine of res judicata is applicable to § 1983 actions. Clark 23 24 25 26 2 The undersigned observed therein (id.) that judicial notice may be taken of court records. Valerio v. Boise Cascade Corp., 80 F.R.D. 626, 635n.1 (N.D. Cal. 1978), aff’d, 645 F.2d 699 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 454 U.S. 1126 (1981). 3 Initially, the case was assigned as follows: Case No. CIV-S-02-1671 GEB PAN P. 6 1 v. Yosemite Community College Dist., 785 F.2d 781, 788 n.9 (9th Cir. 1986) (noting that there is 2 no exception to the rules of issue and claim preclusion for federal civil rights actions brought 3 under 42 U.S.C. § 1983), citing Migra v. Warren City School Dist. Bd. of Education, 465 U.S. 4 75, 84, 104 S.Ct. 892, 898 (1984); Allen v. McCurry, 449 U.S. 90, 97-98, 101 S.Ct. 411, 416-417 5 (1980); Piatt v. MacDougall, 773 F.2d 1032, 1034 (9th Cir.1985) (en banc). Courts have held 6 that habeas proceedings can have preclusive effect in subsequent civil rights actions. See 7 Hawkins v. Risley, 984 F.2d 321, 323 (9th Cir. 1993) (per curiam) (holding that a federal habeas 8 decision may have preclusive effect in a subsequent § 1983 action); Silverton v. Dep’t. of 9 Treasury, 644 F.2d 1341, 1347 (9th Cir. 1981) (ruling that state habeas proceedings can have 10 issue or claim preclusive effect in subsequent § 1983 actions). 11 Under the doctrine of claim preclusion, a final judgment forecloses “successive litigation of the very same claim, whether or not relitigation of the claim raises the same issues as the earlier suit.” New Hampshire v. Maine, 532 U.S. 742, 748, 121 S.Ct. 1808, 149 L.Ed.2d 968 (2001). Issue preclusion, in contrast, bars “successive litigation of an issue of fact or law actually litigated and resolved in a valid court determination essential to the prior judgment,” even if the issue recurs in the context of a different claim. Id., at 748-749, 121 S.Ct. 1808. 12 13 14 15 16 Taylor v. Sturgell, 553 U.S. 880, 128 S. Ct. at 2171. 17 A plaintiff cannot avoid the bar of claim preclusion merely by alleging conduct 18 not alleged in the prior action, by pleading a new legal theory, or by seeking a different remedy 19 for violation of the same primary right. McClain v. Apodaca, 793 F.2d 1031, 1033-34 (9th Cir. 20 1986). Cf. Hiser v. Franklin, 94 F.3d 1287, 1291(1996) (the prisoner’s claims were not 21 precluded because they did not accrue until two years after the settlement agreement that 22 concluded a prior class action). Claim preclusion applies where a § 1983 action implicates the 23 same “primary rights” as those raised in a prior proceeding. Clark, 785 F.2d at 786. The focus is 24 on the legal harm for which the plaintiff seeks redress in his second action. McClain, 793 F.2d at 25 1034. 26 By “preclud[ing] parties from contesting matters that they have had 7 1 2 3 a full and fair opportunity to litigate,” these two doctrines protect against “the expense and vexation attending multiple lawsuits, conserv[e] judicial resources, and foste[r] reliance on judicial action by minimizing the possibility of inconsistent decisions.” Montana v. United States, 440 U.S. 147, 153-154, 99 S.Ct. 970, 59 L.Ed.2d 210 (1979). 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Taylor, 553 U.S. 880, 128 S. Ct. at 2171. The Ninth Circuit has identified four factors that should be considered by a court in determining whether successive lawsuits involve the same cause of action: (1) whether rights or interests established in the prior judgment would be destroyed or impaired by prosecution of the second action; (2) whether substantially the same evidence is presented in the two actions; (3) whether the two suits involve infringement of the same right; and (4) whether the two suits arise out of the same transactional nucleus of facts. 13 See C.D. Anderson & Co., 832 F.2d 1097, 1100 (9th Cir. 1987); Costantini v. Trans World 14 Airlines, 681 F.2d 1199, 1201-02 (9th Cir. 1982); Harris v. Jacobs, 621 F.2d 341, 343 (9th Cir. 15 1980) (per curiam). The fourth of these factors has been cited by some courts as the most 16 important. See Headwaters, Inc. v. U.S. Forest Service, 399 F.3d 1047, 1052 (9th Cir. 2005), 17 citing Costantini, 681 F.2d at 1201-02; see also, C.D. Anderson & Co., 832 F.2d at 1100. 18 However, “[n]o single criterion can decide every res judicata question; identity of causes of 19 action ‘cannot be determined precisely by mechanistic application of a simple test.’” Costantini, 20 681 F.2d at 1202 n.7 (quoting Abramson v. Univ. of Haw., 594 F.2d 202, 206 (9th Cir. 1979)). 21 “‘The crucial element underlying all of the standards is the factual predicate of the several claims 22 asserted. For it is the facts surrounding the transaction or occurrence which operate to constitute 23 the cause of action.’” Harris, 621 F.2d at 343 (quoting Expert Elec., Inc. v. Levine, 554 F.2d 24 1227, 1234 (2d Cir. 1977)). This court finds that this action, wherein plaintiff is plainly seeking 25 to undermine prior decisions of this court by seeking to proceed in a civil rights action, is barred 26 by the doctrine of res judicata. 8 1 Moreover, to the extent that he may be seeking one, plaintiff is informed that, 2 federal courts lack jurisdiction to issue a writ of mandamus to a state court. Demos v. United 3 States Dist. Court for the E. Dist. of Wash., 925 F.2d 1160, 1161 (9th Cir. 1991), citing 28 U.S.C. 4 § 1651. Furthermore, “[t]here is no Supreme Court or Ninth Circuit authority on the due process 5 implications of a state court’s failure to record portions of a criminal trial.” Madera v. Risley, 6 885 F.2d 646, 648 (9th Cir. 1989); see also, Peace v. Hall, 2002 WL 31689360*4 (N.D. Cal. 7 2002) (noting, citing Madera, supra, that in the context of a habeas petition, prejudice from a lack 8 of recordation would have to be established to show entitlement to relief). Plaintiff, as petitioner, 9 was unable to establish the requisite prejudice in prior litigation. This case should be dismissed 10 11 with prejudice for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. “Under Ninth Circuit case law, district courts are only required to grant leave to 12 amend if a complaint can possibly be saved. Courts are not required to grant leave to amend if a 13 complaint lacks merit entirely.” Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1129 (9th Cir. 2000). See also, 14 Smith v. Pacific Properties and Development Corp., 358 F.3d 1097, 1106 (9th Cir. 2004), citing 15 Doe v. United States, 58 F.3d 494, 497 (9th Cir. 1995) (“a district court should grant leave to 16 amend even if no request to amend the pleading was made, unless it determines that the pleading 17 could not be cured by the allegation of other facts.”). “[A] district court retains its discretion over 18 the terms of a dismissal for failure to state a claim, including whether to make the dismissal with 19 or without leave to amend.” Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d at 1124. “The district court’s discretion 20 to deny leave to amend is particularly broad where plaintiff has previously amended the 21 complaint.” Metzler Inv. GMBH v. Corinthian Colleges, Inc., 540 F.3d 1049, 1072 (9th Cir. 22 2008), quoting In re Read-Rite Corp., 335 F.3d 843, 845 (9th Cir. 2003). 23 In this case, the court can discern no manner in which plaintiff could cure the 24 defects of his allegations. This appears to be one of those relatively rare cases when to grant 25 plaintiff further leave to amend would be patently futile. Thus, for the reasons set forth above, 26 this court finds that plaintiff’s complaint is wholly frivolous, with defects for which no amount of 9 1 amendment could provide a cure, and for which the undersigned must recommend dismissal with 2 prejudice. 3 4 Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED that this action be dismissed with prejudice for plaintiff’s failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. 5 These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District 6 Judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within fourteen 7 days after being served with these findings and recommendations, plaintiff may file written 8 objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Plaintiff is advised that failure to file 9 objections within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court's order. 10 Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 11 DATED: October 21, 2010 /s/ Gregory G. Hollows ____________________________________ GREGORY G. HOLLOWS UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE 12 13 14 GGH:009 john1183.fr 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 10
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