(PC) Abreu v. Braga, et al, No. 2:2009cv00763 - Document 14 (E.D. Cal. 2010)
Court Description: ORDER AND FINDINGS and RECOMMENDATIONS signed by Magistrate Judge Edmund F. Brennan on 1/26/2010 ORDERING that pltf's 8 , 10 motions to amend/supplement the cmplt are DENIED as unnecessary; claims against dft CDCR, as well as pltf's Fift h Amendment, Sixth Amendment and equal protection claims are DISMISSED, pltf may file an amended cmplt in accordance w/ this order; the remaining allegations are sufficient at least to state a cognizable claims against dfts Braga, Diamond and Campbel l; dfts shall, w/in 30 days, file a response to the cmplt as herein, should pltf choose to amend, he must do so no later than 21 days after dfts' response; pltf is not obligated to amend his cmplt; the clerk to randomly assign a US District Judg e to this case and to send the parties copies fo the form re consent to proceed before a US Magistrate Judge; and RECOMMENDING that pltf's 3 , 4 , 12 requests for remand be denied. Assigned and Referred to Judge Frank C. Damrell, Jr.; Objections to F&R due w/in 21 days. (Yin, K)
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(PC) Abreu v. Braga, et al Doc. 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 ARMANDO ABREU, Plaintiff, 11 12 vs. 13 No. CIV S-09-0763 EFB P F. BRAGA, et al., Defendants. 14 ORDER AND FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS / 15 Plaintiff is a state prisoner proceeding without counsel. He commenced this action on 16 17 October 24, 2008, in the Amador County Superior Court. On March 18, 2009, defendants 18 removed it to this court and requested that the court screen plaintiff’s complaint pursuant to 28 19 U.S.C. § 1915A and grant defendants thirty days from the date of the court’s screening order to 20 file a response to the complaint. Plaintiff has filed several motions to remand, a motion to 21 amend the complaint, and a motion to supplement the complaint. 22 I. Motions to Remand 23 A defendant may remove to the appropriate federal court “any civil action brought in a 24 State court of which the district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction . . . .” 28 25 U.S.C. § 1441(a). The district courts have original jurisdiction over cases “arising under the 26 Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 1331. Once the case is 1 Dockets.Justia.com 1 removed, the district court has original jurisdiction over the claims arising under federal law, and 2 may exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the accompanying state law claims so long as those 3 claims constitute “other claims that . . . form part of the same case or controversy . . . .” 28 4 U.S.C. § 1367(a). Here, in addition to various state law claims, plaintiff alleges violations of his 5 Fifth, Sixth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights under the United States Constitution. 6 Therefore, this court has original jurisdiction over the complaint and removal was proper. 7 Accordingly, plaintiff’s contention that this court lacks subject matter over this action has no 8 merit. See Dckt. No. 4 at 6; Docket No. 12 at 1-2. Furthermore, plaintiff’s assertion that he has 9 been deemed a three-striker under the federal in forma pauperis statute, 28 U.S.C. 1915(g), is not 10 an appropriate basis for remand. See Dckt. No. 3 at 11-12. 11 II. 12 Motions to Amend and Supplement the Complaint On April 16, 2009, plaintiff requested leave to file an “amended civil rights state-court- 13 complaint.” Along with his one-page request, plaintiff attached 125 pages of exhibits. 14 Thereafter, on May 26, 2009, plaintiff filed a motion to supplement the complaint in this action, 15 to add the Attorney General of the State of California as a defendant. At this stage of the 16 proceedings, plaintiff may amend his pleading once as a matter of course and does not need 17 leave of court to do so. See Fed. R. Civ. P 15(a). His motions are therefore denied as 18 unnecessary. An amended complaint, however, “shall be retyped and filed so that it is complete 19 in itself without reference to the prior or superseded pleading.” L. R. 220. Neither of plaintiff’s 20 motions include a copy of an amended complaint that is complete in itself without reference to 21 the October 24, 2008 complaint, and therefore, this action proceeds on the original complaint. 22 III. Screening Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 1915A 23 Federal courts must engage in a preliminary screening of cases in which prisoners seek 24 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. 25 § 1915A(a). The court must identify cognizable claims or dismiss the complaint, or any portion 26 of the complaint, if the complaint “is frivolous, malicious, or fails to state a claim upon which 2 1 relief may be granted,” or “seeks monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such 2 relief.” Id. § 1915A(b). 3 A district court must construe a pro se pleading “liberally” to determine if it states a 4 claim and, prior to dismissal, tell a plaintiff of deficiencies in his complaint and give plaintiff an 5 opportunity to cure them. See Lopez v. Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1130-31 (9th Cir. 2000). While 6 detailed factual allegations are not required, “[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of 7 action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice.” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. 8 1937, 1949 (2009) (citing Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007)). Plaintiff 9 must set forth “sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a claim to relief that is 10 11 12 13 14 plausible on its face.’” Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570). A claim has facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged. The plausibility standard is not akin to a “probability requirement,” but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully. Where a complaint pleads facts that are merely consistent with a defendant’s liability, it stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of entitlement to relief. 15 Id. (citations and quotation marks omitted). Although legal conclusions can provide the 16 framework of a complaint, they must be supported by factual allegations, and are not entitled to 17 the assumption of truth. Id. at 1950. 18 19 20 The Civil Rights Act under which this action was filed provides: Every person who, under color of [state law] . . . subjects, or causes to be subjected, any citizen of the United States . . . to the deprivation of any rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution . . . shall be liable to the party injured in an action at law, suit in equity, or other proper proceeding for redress . . . . 21 22 42 U.S.C. § 1983. An individual defendant is not liable on a civil rights claim unless the facts 23 establish the defendant’s personal involvement in the constitutional deprivation or a causal 24 connection between the defendant’s wrongful conduct and the alleged constitutional deprivation. 25 See Hansen v. Black, 885 F.2d 642, 646 (9th Cir. 1989); Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743-44 26 (9th Cir. 1978). To state a claim against any individual defendant, the plaintiff must allege facts 3 1 showing that the individual defendant participated in or directed the alleged violation, or knew of 2 the violation and failed to act to prevent it. See Barren v. Harrington, 152 F.3d 1193, 1194 (9th 3 Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1154 (1999) (“A plaintiff must allege facts, not simply 4 conclusions, that show that an individual was personally involved in the deprivation of his civil 5 rights.”); Taylor, 880 F.2d at 1045. 6 The court has reviewed plaintiff’s complaint pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A and finds 7 that it states cognizable claims against defendants Braga, Diamond and Campbell. The 8 complaint does not, however, state a cognizable claim against defendant California Department 9 of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR), nor does it state cognizable Fifth Amendment, Sixth 10 11 Amendment, or equal protection claims. Plaintiff seeks monetary damages against CDCR on the ground that it failed to properly 12 supervise the other named defendants. However, state agencies, such as the CDCR, are not 13 “persons” within the meaning of section 1983. Will v. Michigan Dep’t of State Police, 491 U.S. 14 58, 71 (1989); see also Allison v. California Adult Authority, 419 F.2d 822, 823 (9th Cir. 1969). 15 Further, they are entitled to absolute immunity from monetary damages actions under the 16 Eleventh Amendment. Quern v. Jordan, 440 U.S. 332, 337-45 (1979); see also Aholelei v. Dep’t 17 of Public Safety, 488 F.3d 1144, 1147 (9th Cir. 2007) (“The Eleventh Amendment bars suits for 18 money damages in federal court against a state, its agencies, and state officials acting in their 19 official capacities.”). 20 Plaintiff alleges that defendants violated his rights under the Fifth Amendment. The Due 21 Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment only applies to the federal government. Bingue v. 22 Prunchak, 512 F.3d 1169, 1174 (9th Cir 2008). The Fourteenth Amendment applies to due 23 process violations by state officials. Id. Plaintiff has only named California state officials as 24 defendants. Therefore, plaintiff fails to state any cognizable claims under the Fifth Amendment. 25 26 Plaintiff claims that his rights under the Sixth Amendment were infringed upon during his prison disciplinary proceedings. However, the Sixth Amendment pertains to criminal 4 1 prosecutions and prison disciplinary proceedings are not criminal prosecutions. Wolff v. 2 McDonnell, 418 U.S. 539, 556 (1974). In the context of prison disciplinary proceedings, 3 plaintiff’s rights are protected by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Id.; 4 Walker v. Sumner, 14 F.3d 1415 (9th Cir. 1994). Plaintiff’s Sixth Amendment claim is therefore 5 not cognizable. 6 The Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires that persons who are 7 similarly situated be treated alike. City of Cleburne v. Cleburne Living Center, Inc., 473 U.S. 8 432, 439 (1985). To state a claim under § 1983 alleging violations of the equal protection 9 clause, plaintiff must allege facts showing that he is a member of a protected class. See Harris v. 10 McRae, 448 U.S. 297, 323 (1980) (indigents); see also City of Cleburne, 473 U.S. at 440-41 11 (listing suspect classes). Plaintiff has not alleged that he is a member of a protected class, nor 12 has he plead facts to demonstrate that defendants acted with an intent or purpose to discriminate 13 against him based upon his membership in a protected class. See Barren v. Harrington, 152 F.3d 14 1193, 1194 (9th Cir. 1998), cert. denied, 525 U.S. 1154 (1999). Plaintiff also fails to allege facts 15 showing that he has been intentionally treated differently from others similarly situated without a 16 rational basis for the difference in treatment. Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 17 564 (2000); Squaw Valley Development Co. v. Goldberg, 375 F.3d 936, 944 (9th Cir. 2004). 18 Therefore, plaintiff fails to state a cognizable claim for violation of the Equal Protection Clause 19 of the Fourteenth Amendment. 20 If plaintiff elects to attempt to amend his complaint, he may do so. However, he is not 21 obligated to amend his complaint. Plaintiff’s decision not to file an amended will be construed 22 as consent to dismissal of all claims against defendant CDCR, as well as his Fifth Amendment, 23 Sixth Amendment, and equal protection claims, without prejudice. 24 Any amended complaint must show that the federal court has jurisdiction and that 25 plaintiff’s action is brought in the right place, that plaintiff is entitled to relief if plaintiff’s 26 allegations are true, and must contain a request for particular relief. Plaintiff must identify as a 5 1 defendant only persons who personally participated in a substantial way in depriving plaintiff of 2 a federal constitutional right. Johnson v. Duffy, 588 F.2d 740, 743 (9th Cir. 1978) (a person 3 subjects another to the deprivation of a constitutional right if he does an act, participates in 4 another’s act or omits to perform an act he is legally required to do that causes the alleged 5 deprivation). If plaintiff contends he was the victim of a conspiracy, he must identify the 6 participants and allege their agreement to deprive him of a specific federal constitutional right. 7 In an amended complaint, the allegations must be set forth in numbered paragraphs. Fed. 8 R. Civ. P. 10(b). Plaintiff may join multiple claims if they are all against a single defendant. 9 Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a). If plaintiff has more than one claim based upon separate transactions or 10 occurrences, the claims must be set forth in separate paragraphs. Fed. R. Civ. P. 10(b). 11 Unrelated claims against different defendants must be pursued in multiple lawsuits. “The 12 controlling principle appears in Fed. R. Civ. P. 18(a): ‘A party asserting a claim . . . may join, [] 13 as independent or as alternate claims, as many claims . . . as the party has against an opposing 14 party.’ Thus multiple claims against a single party are fine, but Claim A against Defendant 1 15 should not be joined with unrelated Claim B against Defendant 2. Unrelated claims against 16 different defendants belong in different suits, not only to prevent the sort of morass [a multiple 17 claim, multiple defendant] suit produce[s], but also to ensure that prisoners pay the required 18 filing fees-for the Prison Litigation Reform Act limits to 3 the number of frivolous suits or 19 appeals that any prisoner may file without prepayment of the required fees. 28 U.S.C. § 20 1915(g).” George v. Smith, 507 F.3d 605, 607 (7th Cir. 2007); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 20(a)(2) 21 (joinder of defendants not permitted unless both commonality and same transaction requirements 22 are satisfied). 23 The federal rules contemplate brevity. See Galbraith v. County of Santa Clara, 307 F.3d 24 1119, 1125 (9th Cir. 2002) (noting that “nearly all of the circuits have now disapproved any 25 heightened pleading standard in cases other than those governed by Rule 9(b).”); Fed. R. Civ. P. 26 84; cf. Rule 9(b) (setting forth rare exceptions to simplified pleading). Plaintiff’s claims must be 6 1 set forth in short and plain terms, simply, concisely and directly. See Swierkiewicz v. Sorema 2 N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 514 (2002) (“Rule 8(a) is the starting point of a simplified pleading system, 3 which was adopted to focus litigation on the merits of a claim.”); Fed. R. Civ. P. 8. Plaintiff 4 must eliminate from plaintiff’s pleading all preambles, introductions, argument, speeches, 5 explanations, stories, griping, vouching, evidence, attempts to negate possible defenses, 6 summaries, and the like. McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1180 (9th Cir. 1996) (affirming 7 dismissal of § 1983 complaint for violation of Rule 8 after warning); see Crawford-El v. Britton, 8 523 U.S. 574, 597 (1998) (reiterating that “firm application of the Federal Rules of Civil 9 Procedure is fully warranted” in prisoner cases). The court (and defendant) should be able to 10 read and understand plaintiff’s pleading within minutes. McHenry, 84 F.3d at 1177. A long, 11 rambling pleading, including many defendants with unexplained, tenuous or implausible 12 connection to the alleged constitutional injury or joining a series of unrelated claims against 13 many defendants very likely will result in delaying the review required by 28 U.S.C. § 1915 and 14 an order dismissing plaintiff’s action pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 41 for violation of these 15 instructions. 16 An amended complaint must be complete in itself without reference to any prior 17 pleading. Local Rule 220; see Loux v. Rhay, 375 F.2d 55, 57 (9th Cir. 1967). Once plaintiff 18 files an amended complaint, the original pleading is superseded. 19 By signing an amended complaint he certifies he has made reasonable inquiry and has 20 evidentiary support for his allegations and that for violation of this rule the court may impose 21 sanctions sufficient to deter repetition by plaintiff or others. Fed. R. Civ. P. 11. Prison rules 22 require plaintiff to obey all laws, including this one, and plaintiff may be punished by prison 23 authorities for violation of the court’s rules and orders. See Cal. Code Regs. tit. 15, § 3005. 24 A prisoner may bring no § 1983 action until he has exhausted such administrative 25 remedies as are available to him. 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a). The requirement is mandatory. Booth 26 v. Churner, 532 U.S. 731, 741 (2001). By signing an amended complaint plaintiff certifies his 7 1 claims are warranted by existing law, including the law that he exhaust administrative remedies, 2 and that for violation of this rule plaintiff risks dismissal of his action. 3 Accordingly, the court hereby ORDERS that: 4 1. Plaintiff’s motion to amend/supplement the complaint (docket numbers 8, 10) are 5 denied as unnecessary. 6 2. Claims against defendant CDCR, as well as plaintiff’s Fifth Amendment, Sixth 7 Amendment and equal protection claims are dismissed. Plaintiff may file an amended complaint 8 in accordance with the requirements set forth in this order. 9 3. The remaining allegations in the pleading are sufficient at least to state cognizable 10 claims against defendants Braga, Diamond and Campbell. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. Defendants 11 shall, within 30 days of the date this order is served, file a response to the complaint as herein 12 narrowed. Should plaintiff choose to file an amended complaint, he must do so no later than 21 13 days after being served with defendants’ response. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)(1)(B). 14 4. Plaintiff is not obligated to amend his complaint. The court will construe plaintiff’s 15 decision not to file an amended complaint as consent to an order dismissing his defective claims 16 against defendant CDCR, as well as his Fifth Amendment, Sixth Amendment, and equal 17 protection claims, without prejudice. 18 5. The Clerk of the Court shall randomly assign a United States District Judge to this 19 case, and is directed to send the parties copies of the form Consent to Proceed Before a United 20 States Magistrate Judge. 21 22 23 Further, it is hereby RECOMMENDED that plaintiff’s requests for remand (docket numbers 3, 4, and 12) be denied. These findings and recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 24 assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(l). Within twenty-one days 25 after being served with these findings and recommendations, any party may file written 26 objections with the court and serve a copy on all parties. Such a document should be captioned 8 1 “Objections to Magistrate Judge’s Findings and Recommendations.” Failure to file objections 2 within the specified time may waive the right to appeal the District Court’s order. Turner v. 3 Duncan, 158 F.3d 449, 455 (9th Cir. 1998); Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 1991). 4 Dated: January 26, 2010. 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 9
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