(PC) Crayton v. Hedgpeth et al, No. 1:2008cv00621 - Document 42 (E.D. Cal. 2009)
Court Description: ORDER DENYING Motion for Preliminary Injunction; GRANTING Plaintiff's 36 Motion to Amend the Complaint; ORDER of Service; Further Scheduling signed by District Judge William Haskell Alsup on 10/13/2009. ( Filing Deadline: 12/21/2009) (Figueroa, O)
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(PC) Crayton v. Hedgpeth et al Doc. 42 1 2 3 4 5 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 6 7 FOR THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 8 9 TIMOTHY CRAYTON, No. C 08-00621 WHA (PR) 10 ORDER DENYING MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION; GRANTING PLAINTIFF’S MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT; ORDER OF SERVICE; FURTHER SCHEDULING v. For the Northern District of California United States District Court Plaintiff, 11 12 13 CORRECTIONAL OFFICER A. HEDGPETH, et al., Defendants. 14 / 15 INTRODUCTION 16 Plaintiff, an inmate at the Kern Valley State Prison in Delano, California, has filed a pro 17 18 se civil rights complaint under 42 U.S.C. 1983 in state court. On May 2, 2008, defendants 19 removed this matter to federal court. On May 8, 2009, the court ordered service upon named 20 defendants. Pending before the court are plaintiff’s motion for preliminary injunction and 21 plaintiff’s motion to amend the complaint. ANALYSIS 22 23 24 A. PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION On July 14, 2009, plaintiff filed a motion for preliminary injunction. Defendants filed 25 an opposition, and plaintiff has replied. In his motion, plaintiff alleges that defendants are 26 engaging in retaliatory tactics in an attempt to prevent him from continuing current litigation. 27 (Dkt. 24, p. 1.) Specifically, plaintiff claims that he is a disabled paralytic with brain damage 28 and he requires a personal word processor in accordance with the American with Disabilities Dockets.Justia.com 1 Act (“ADA”). (Id. at 2.) During the pendency of several court cases which plaintiff has 2 commenced against defendants, plaintiff claims that defendants have hindered his ability to 3 litigate his actions by preventing him from accessing his legal files and private property, 4 damaging his word processor, providing him with very limited access to the library typewriter, 5 and denying him access to typing cartridges. (Id. at 1-2.) 6 7 on the merits, that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, 8 that the balance of equities tips in his favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest.” 9 Winter v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., 129 S. Ct. 365, 374 (2008). Plaintiff 10 11 For the Northern District of California United States District Court “A plaintiff seeking a preliminary injunction must establish that he is likely to succeed alleges that all four factors weigh in his favor. However, defendants respond that plaintiff has a current state proceeding in which the 12 state court is addressing the very issues plaintiff raises in his motion. (Dkt. 33, p. 1-2.) 13 Defendants urge the court to abstain from interfering with the state court proceeding. (Id.) 14 Under principles of comity and federalism, a federal court should not interfere with 15 ongoing state criminal proceedings by granting injunctive or declaratory relief absent 16 extraordinary circumstances. See Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37, 43-54 (1971). The rationale 17 of Younger even applies to noncriminal proceedings when important state interests are 18 involved. See Middlesex County Ethics Comm. v. Garden State Bar Ass’n, 457 U.S. 423, 432 19 (1982). The state proceedings must be pending, not merely available, and plaintiffs must be 20 seeking relief that would interfere in some manner with the state court litigation. See Green v. 21 City of Tucson, 255 F.3d 1086, 1094 (9th Cir. 2001). 22 Younger abstention is required when: (1) state proceedings, judicial in nature, are 23 pending; (2) the state proceedings involve important state interests; and (3) the state 24 proceedings afford adequate opportunity to raise the constitutional issue. See Middlesex County 25 Ethics Comm., 457 U.S. at 432. A fourth requirement has also been articulated by the Ninth 26 Circuit: that “the federal court action would enjoin the state proceeding or have the practical 27 effect of doing so, i.e., would interfere with the state proceeding in a way that Younger 28 2 1 disapproves.” San Jose Silicon Valley Chamber of Commerce Political Action Comm. v. City of 2 San Jose, 546 F.3d 1087, 1092 (9th Cir. 2008). 3 Here, plaintiff currently has a pending state habeas case in the Superior Court of 4 California in Kern County, in which he raised the same issues that are the subject of this 5 motion.1 (Dkt. 33, p. 2; Jones Decl. ¶ 2.) On August 21, 2009, the superior court held an 6 evidentiary hearing but has yet to issue a final ruling. (Id. ¶¶ 4, 7.) For the Northern District of California United States District Court 7 Applying the factors to determine whether abstention is required demonstrates that 8 abstention is appropriate in this case. The state habeas proceeding is judicial in nature, and is 9 pending; because the state proceeding is judicial, it de facto involves important state interests, 10 see San Jose Silicon Valley Chamber of Commerce Political Action Comm., 546 F.3d at 1095; 11 the state habeas proceeding affords an adequate opportunity for plaintiff to raise the issue, and 12 he is currently doing so; and if this court were to grant plaintiff’s request for a preliminary 13 injunction, it would “have the practical effect of” enjoining the state proceeding, id. at 1092. 14 Accordingly, absent some allegation that any exception to Younger applies, this court defers to 15 the superior court proceeding and denies plaintiff’s motion for preliminary injunction. See 16 Gilbertson v. Albright, 381 F.3d 965, 968 (9th Cir. 2004). 17 B. MOTION TO AMEND COMPLAINT 18 Plaintiff filed a motion to for leave to amend his complaint as well as an amended 19 complaint. (Dkt. 36, 37.) His amended complaint includes a copy of his original complaint, 20 and adds more defendants and more claims. 21 A plaintiff may amend his complaint once as a matter of course at any time before a 22 responsive pleading is served. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a). Where plaintiff seeks to amend after a 23 responsive pleading has already been served, however, the decision whether to grant leave to 24 amend is committed to the sound discretion of the trial court. Waits v. Weller, 653 F.2d 1288, 25 26 27 28 On September 16, 2008, the California Court of Appeal found that plaintiff demonstrated a prima facie case that “his personal property, including his word processor, has been confiscated, damaged or destroyed, and that he is being denied adequate access to a word processor while his word processor is being repaired.” (Dkt. 34, Ex. 1.) The California Court of Appeal remanded the case to the superior court to conduct a hearing. (Id.) 1 3 For the Northern District of California United States District Court 1 1290 (9th Cir. 1981). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a) is to be applied liberally in favor of 2 amendments and, in general, leave shall be freely given when justice so requires. See Janicki 3 Logging Co. v. Mateer, 42 F.3d 561, 566 (9th Cir. 1994). Leave need not be granted, however, 4 where the amendment of the complaint would cause the opposing party undue prejudice, is 5 sought in bad faith, constitutes an exercise in futility, or creates undue delay. See id. An 6 amended complaint filed after leave of court supersedes the original complaint. London v. 7 Coopers & Lybrand, 644 F.2d 811, 814 (9th Cir. 1981). 8 A review of the amended complaint reveals additional claims and defendants that bear 9 relation to the claims raised in the original complaint. The court concludes that, as a matter of 10 efficiency, plaintiff’s motion for leave to amend the complaint is GRANTED. Plaintiff’s 11 amended complaint is deemed filed. 12 C. PRELIMINARY SCREENING 13 1. 14 Federal courts must engage in a preliminary screening of cases in which prisoners seek 15 redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a governmental entity. 28 U.S.C. 16 1915A(a). In its review the court must identify any cognizable claims, and dismiss any claims 17 which are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seek 18 monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from such relief. Id. at 1915A(b)(1),(2). Pro 19 se pleadings must be liberally construed. Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep't, 901 F.2d 696, 699 20 (9th Cir. 1990). 21 STANDARD OF REVIEW Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a)(2) requires only “a short and plain statement of the 22 claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief.” “Specific facts are not necessary; the 23 statement need only “‘give the defendant fair notice of what the . . . . claim is and the grounds 24 upon which it rests.”’” Erickson v. Pardus, 127 S. Ct. 2197, 2200 (2007) (citations omitted). 25 Although in order to state a claim a complaint “does not need detailed factual allegations, . . . a 26 plaintiff’s obligation to provide the ‘grounds of his ‘entitle[ment] to relief’ requires more than 27 labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action will not 28 4 1 do. . . . Factual allegations must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative 2 level.” Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 127 S. Ct. 1955, 1964-65 (2007) (citations omitted). A 3 complaint must proffer “enough facts to state a claim for relief that is plausible on its face.” Id. 4 at 1974. 5 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential elements: 6 (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was violated, and (2) 7 that the alleged deprivation was committed by a person acting under the color of state law. 8 West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). For the Northern District of California United States District Court 9 2. COGNIZABLE CLAIMS 10 Plaintiff alleges that he filed a civil RICO action against several defendants and, in turn, 11 defendants have retaliated against him in an attempt to persuade him to dismiss the lawsuit and 12 other pending suits. His allegations include a multitude of dated and undated incidents of 13 retaliation, linking named defendants to claims of sexual assault, threats, intimidation, physical 14 injuries, confiscation and destruction of private property, and deliberate withholding of access 15 to plaintiff’s wheelchair, bedding and blankets, and personal property. 16 Plaintiff maintains these actions were part of an ongoing pattern of misconduct 17 performed by a group of correctional officers known as the “Green Wall” gang, and that 18 supervisory officials, including Wardens Hedgpeth and Harrington, either condoned such 19 actions or allowed them to persist. 20 Plaintiff also alleges that the defendants violated his rights under the Americans with 21 Disabilities Act by failing to provide him reasonable accommodations. Liberally construed, 22 plaintiff has stated cognizable claims of deliberate indifference, retaliation, and a violation of 23 the ADA. 24 In addition, plaintiff alleges numerous state law tort claims based upon defendants’ 25 conduct. The federal supplemental jurisdiction statute provides that “‘district courts shall have 26 supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that are so related to claims in the action within 27 such original jurisdiction that they form part of the same case or controversy under Article III of 28 5 1 the United States Constitution.’” 28 U.S.C. § 1367(a). Liberally construed, plaintiff’s 2 allegations satisfy the statutory requirement. Accordingly, the court will exercise supplemental 3 jurisdiction over plaintiff’s state law claims. 4 3. 5 To the extent plaintiff wishes to charge defendants with mail fraud, tampering with a 6 witness, and other crimes, those claims will be dismissed. Criminal statutes do not provide a 7 private cause of action or basis for civil liability. See, e.g., Aldabe v. Aldabe, 616 F.2d 1089, 8 1092 (9th Cir. 1980). For the Northern District of California United States District Court 9 DISMISSED CLAIMS Plaintiff also alleges that defendants engaged in a pattern of racketeering, in violation of 10 RICO, by retaliating against him for pursuing a separate RICO lawsuit against them. (Am. 11 Comp., p. 55-58.) However, to state a civil RICO claim, plaintiff must allege: (1) conduct (2) 12 of an enterprise (3) through a pattern (4) of racketeering activity (5) causing injury to plaintiff’s 13 business or property. Ove v. Gwinn, 264 F.3d 817, 825 (9th Cir. 2001) (citing 18 U.S.C. 14 § 1964(c)). To demonstrate injury for RICO purposes, plaintiff must show proof of concrete 15 financial loss, and not mere injury to a valuable intangible property interest. Personal injuries 16 are not compensable under RICO. Id. Plaintiff also must satisfy the RICO causation element 17 by demonstrating that the defendants’ conduct directly and proximately caused the alleged 18 injury. Id. at 825. Civil rights violations and injury to reputation do not fall within the statutory 19 definition of “racketeering activity” and fail to state a RICO claim. See Bowen v. Oistead, 125 20 F.3d 800, 806 (9th Cir. 1997). Accordingly, this claim will be dismissed. 21 22 4. DISMISSED DEFENDANTS A. “Doe” Defendants 23 Plaintiff names “Doe” defendants in his amended complaint. The use of Doe defendants 24 is not favored in the Ninth Circuit. See Gillespie v. Civiletti, 629 F.2d 637, 642 (9th Cir. 1980). 25 However, where the identity of alleged defendants cannot be known prior to the filing of a 26 complaint the plaintiff should be given an opportunity through discovery to identify them. Id. 27 Failure to afford the plaintiff such an opportunity is error. See Wakefield v. Thompson, 177 28 6 1 F.3d 1160, 1163 (9th Cir. 1999). Accordingly, the claims against all “Doe” defendants are 2 dismissed from this action without prejudice. Should plaintiff learn “Doe” defendants’ 3 identities, he may move to file an amendment to the complaint to add them as named 4 defendants. See Brass v. County of Los Angeles, 328 F.3d 1192, 1195-98 (9th Cir. 2003). For the Northern District of California United States District Court 5 B. Kern Valley State Prison 6 The Eleventh Amendment bars from the federal courts suits against a state by its own 7 citizens, citizens of another state or citizens or subjects of any foreign state. See Atascadero 8 State Hosp. v. Scanlon, 473 U.S. 234, 241 (1985). This Eleventh Amendment immunity also 9 extends to suits against a state agency, see, e.g., Allison v. California Adult Authority, 419 F.2d 10 822, 823 (9th Cir. 1969) (California Adult Authority and San Quentin Prison not subject to 11 suit); Bennett v. California, 406 F.2d 36, 39 (9th Cir. 1969) (California Adult Authority and 12 CDC not subject to suit). Such immunity includes state law claims brought against a state in 13 federal court under the supplemental jurisdiction statute. See Raygor v. Regents of the 14 University of Minnesota, et al., 534 U.S. 533, 541-42 (2002). Accordingly, Kern Valley State 15 Prison, a state agency, will be dismissed from this action. 16 C. District Attorney General Scott Feudale 17 A prosecutor performing an advocate’s role is an officer of the court entitled to absolute 18 immunity. See Buckley v. Fitzsimmons, 509 U.S. 259, 272-73 (1993). Prosecutors therefore are 19 absolutely immune from liability for their conduct as “advocates” during the initiation of a 20 criminal case and its presentation at trial. See id.; Imbler v. Pachtman, 424 U.S. 409, 431 21 (1976). Because plaintiff’s allegations against Scott Feudale relates to his actions associated 22 with the judicial process, Feudale is absolutely immune from this action. See Fry v. Melaragno, 23 939 F.2d 832, 837 (9th Cir. 1991). Accordingly, Scott Feudale will be dismissed. 24 25 D. D. Tarnoff and the Inmate Appeals Office at Kern Valley State Prison Plaintiff alleges that D. Tarnoff and unnamed members of the Inmate Appeals Office 26 purposely failed to properly process several of plaintiff’s administrative grievances. However, 27 there is no constitutional right to a prison administrative appeal or grievance system. See 28 7 1 Ramirez v. Galaza, 334 F.3d 850, 860 (9th Cir. 2003). A prison official’s failure to process 2 grievances, without more, accordingly is not actionable under § 1983. See Buckley v. Barlow, 3 997 F.2d 494, 495 (8th Cir. 1993); see also Ramirez, 334 F.3d at 860 (holding that prisoner’s 4 claimed loss of a liberty interest in the processing of his appeals does not violate due process 5 because prisoners lack a separate constitutional entitlement to a specific prison grievance 6 system). Accordingly, D. Tarnoof and the Inmate Appeals Office will be dismissed. For the Northern District of California United States District Court 7 CONCLUSION 8 1. Plaintiff’s motion for preliminary injunction (dkt. 24) is DENIED. 9 2. Plaintiff’s motion for leave to file an amended complaint (dkt. 36) is GRANTED. 10 Plaintiff’s amended complaint is deemed filed. In light of the newly filed amended complaint, 11 defendants’ motion for summary judgment is STRICKEN. The court will order a new briefing 12 schedule, and Plaintiff’s motion for a 30-day extension of time to file an opposition to 13 defendants’ motion for summary judgment (dkt. 38) is DENIED as unnecessary. 14 3. Plaintiff’s criminal and RICO claims are DISMISSED. 15 4. Plaintiff’s remaining claims against Doe defendants are DISMISSED without 16 prejudice, and against Kern Valley State Prison, Deputy Attorney General Scott Feudale, D. 17 Tarnoff and the Inmate Appeals Office at Kern Valley State Prison are DISMISSED with 18 prejudice. 19 5. The clerk shall issue summons and the United States Marshal shall serve, without 20 prepayment of fees, copies of the amended complaint in this matter and copies of this order 21 upon the following defendants: Warden Harrington, former Warden A. Hedgpeth, Prison Guard 22 Corrales, Prison Guard K. Matheny, Captain Woods, prison litigation coordinator William 23 Adam, C/O Chambers, C/O Northcutt, C/O G. Smith, C/O Sedlezky, C/O Sergeant Morales, Dr. 24 Dileo, C/O Sergeant Butterfield, C/O Sergeant A. Ward, C/O Fernando, C/O R. Phillips, LVN 25 O. Rufino, C/O Cruse, C/O Neighbors, C/O Sergeant R. Molina, C/O Lieutenant M. Jeffreys, 26 C/O M. Jones, C/O Lieutenant J.P. Hardin, C/O Lieutenant J. Whitehead, C/O D. Sellers, C/O 27 Sergeant E. Campagne, C/O Lieutenant S. Hass, C/O Sergeant J. Hightower, C/O Amavisa at 28 8 1 Kern Valley State Prison in Delano, California; mailroom employee J. Hass, C/O J. Macaleavy, 2 C/O T. Lopez, and C/O Sergeant Thomas at Salinas Valley State Prison. 3 4 6. In order to expedite the resolution of this case, the court vacates the original briefing schedule, and orders as follows: 5 a. No later than sixty days from the date of service, defendants shall file a 6 motion for summary judgment or other dispositive motion. If defendants are of the opinion that 7 this case cannot be resolved by summary judgment, they shall so inform the court prior to the 8 date their summary judgment motion is due. All papers filed with the court shall be promptly 9 served on the plaintiff. For the Northern District of California United States District Court 10 b. Plaintiff’s opposition to the dispositive motion, if any, shall be filed with the 11 court and served upon defendants no later than thirty days from the date of service of the 12 motion. Plaintiff must read the attached page headed “NOTICE -- WARNING,” which is 13 provided to him pursuant to Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 953-954 (9th Cir. 1998) (en banc), 14 and Klingele v. Eikenberry, 849 F.2d 409, 411-12 (9th Cir. 1988). 15 If defendants file an unenumerated motion to dismiss claiming that plaintiff failed to 16 exhaust his available administrative remedies as required by 42 U.S.C. § 1997e(a), plaintiff 17 should take note of the attached page headed “NOTICE -- WARNING (EXHAUSTION),” 18 which is provided to him as required by Wyatt v. Terhune, 315 F.3d 1108, 1120 n. 4 (9th Cir. 19 2003). 20 21 22 23 c. If defendants wish to file a reply brief, they shall do so no later than fifteen days after the date of service of the opposition. d. The motion shall be deemed submitted as of the date the reply brief is due. No hearing will be held on the motion unless the court so orders at a later date. 24 7. All communications by the plaintiff with the court must be served on defendants, or 25 defendants’ counsel once counsel has been designated, by mailing a true copy of the document 26 to defendants or defendants’ counsel. 27 8. It is the plaintiff’s responsibility to prosecute this case. Plaintiff must keep the court 28 9 1 informed of any change of address and must comply with the court's orders in a timely fashion. 2 Failure to do so may result in the dismissal of this action for failure to prosecute pursuant to 3 Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b). 4 IT IS SO ORDERED. 5 Dated: October 13 , 2009. WILLIAM ALSUP UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE 6 7 8 9 11 For the Northern District of California United States District Court 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 G:\PRO-SE\WHA\E.D. CAL\CRAYTON621PIAMSRV.wpd 28 10 1 2 For the Northern District of California If defendants move for summary judgment, they are seeking to have your case 3 dismissed. A motion for summary judgment under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil 4 Procedure will, if granted, end your case. 5 United States District Court NOTICE -- WARNING (SUMMARY JUDGMENT) Rule 56 tells you what you must do in order to oppose a motion for summary judgment. 6 Generally, summary judgment must be granted when there is no genuine issue of material 7 fact--that is, if there is no real dispute about any fact that would affect the result of your case, 8 the party who asked for summary judgment is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, which 9 will end your case. When a party you are suing makes a motion for summary judgment that is 10 properly supported by declarations (or other sworn testimony), you cannot simply rely on what 11 your complaint says. Instead, you must set out specific facts in declarations, depositions, 12 answers to interrogatories, or authenticated documents, as provided in Rule 56(e), that 13 contradict the facts shown in the defendant's declarations and documents and show that there is 14 a genuine issue of material fact for trial. If you do not submit your own evidence in opposition, 15 summary judgment, if appropriate, may be entered against you. If summary judgment is 16 granted, your case will be dismissed and there will be no trial. 17 18 19 20 21 NOTICE -- WARNING (EXHAUSTION) If defendants file an unenumerated motion to dismiss for failure to exhaust, they are seeking to have your case dismissed. If the motion is granted it will end your case. You have the right to present any evidence you may have which tends to show that you 22 did exhaust your administrative remedies. Such evidence may be in the form of declarations 23 (statements signed under penalty of perjury) or authenticated documents, that is, documents 24 accompanied by a declaration showing where they came from and why they are authentic, or 25 other sworn papers, such as answers to interrogatories or depositions. 26 27 If defendants file a motion to dismiss and it is granted, your case will be dismissed and there will be no trial. 28 11
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