Margarito Bahena Estrada v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration, No. 8:2018cv01962 - Document 24 (C.D. Cal. 2020)
Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER by Magistrate Judge Sheri Pym. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Judgment shall be entered REVERSING the decision of the Commissioner denying benefits, and REMANDING the matter to the Commissioner for further administrative action consistent with this decision. (es)
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Margarito Bahena Estrada v. 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Chater.":3 3: H05f":43.":52"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;8+"*cu"cogpfgf+0""ÐIgpgtcnn{."c"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu 3; qrkpkqp"ecttkgu"oqtg"ygkijv"vjcp"cp"gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu."cpf"cp"gzcokpkpi 42 43 """""4 Kp"jku"tgswguv"vq"tgqrgp."rnckpvkhh"ctiwgf"jg"ujqwnf"dg"hqwpf"fkucdngf 44 dgecwug"jg"jcu"pwogtqwu"mpgg"uwtigtkgu."kpenwfkpi"qpg"chvgt"vjg"Qevqdgt"4236 45 Fgpkcn0""See"CT"cv"4:20 46 """""5 Cnn"tgiwncvkqpu"ekvgf"kp"vjku"qrkpkqp"ctg"crrnkecdng"vq"enckou"hkngf"dghqtg Octej"49."42390 47 6 48 """"" Ru{ejqnqikuvu"ctg"eqpukfgtgf"ceegrvcdng"ogfkecn"uqwtegu"yjqug"qrkpkqpu"ctg ceeqtfgf"vjg"ucog"ygkijv"cu"rj{ukekcpuÓ0""42"E0H0T0"¸"62603735*c+*4+0" 49 Ceeqtfkpin{."hqt"gcug"qh"tghgtgpeg."vjg"eqwtv"yknn"tghgt"vq"cnn"ru{ejqnqikuvu"cu 4: rj{ukekcpu0 9 3 rj{ukekcpÓu"qrkpkqp"ecttkgu"oqtg"ygkijv"vjcp"c"tgxkgykpi"rj{ukekcpÓu0Ñ""Holohan v. 4 Massanari."468"H05f"33;7."3424"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+="42"E0H0T0"¸"62603749*e+*3+/*4+0" 5 Vjg"qrkpkqp"qh"vjg"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcp"ku"igpgtcnn{"ikxgp"vjg"itgcvguv"ygkijv"dgecwug 6 vjg"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcp"ku"gornq{gf"vq"ewtg"cpf"jcu"c"itgcvgt"qrrqtvwpkv{"vq 7 wpfgtuvcpf"cpf"qdugtxg"c"enckocpv0" Smolen v. Chater.":2"H05f"3495."34:7"*;vj"Ekt0 8 3;;8+="Magallanes v. Bowen."::3"H04f"969."973"*;vj"Ekt0"3;:;+0 9 Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"CNL"ku"pqv"dqwpf"d{"vjg"qrkpkqp"qh"vjg"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcp0" : Smolen.":2"H05f"cv"34:70""Kh"c"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu"qrkpkqp"ku"wpeqpvtcfkevgf."vjg ; CNL"owuv"rtqxkfg"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"hqt"ikxkpi"kv"nguu"ygkijv0""Lester. 32 :3"H05f"cv":520""Kh"vjg"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu"qrkpkqp"ku"eqpvtcfkevgf"d{"qvjgt 33 qrkpkqpu."vjg"CNL"owuv"rtqxkfg"urgekhke"cpf"ngikvkocvg"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{ 34 uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt"tglgevkpi"kv0""Id. Nkmgykug."vjg"CNL"owuv"rtqxkfg"urgekhke 35 cpf"ngikvkocvg"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"kp"tglgevkpi"vjg 36 eqpvtcfkevgf"qrkpkqpu"qh"gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcpu0" Id."cv":52/530" Vjg"qrkpkqp"qh"c 37 pqp/gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcp."uvcpfkpi"cnqpg."ecppqv"eqpuvkvwvg"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg0" 38 Widmark v. Barnhart."676"H05f"3285."3288"p04"*;vj"Ekt0"4228+="Morgan v. 39 Comm’r."38;"H05f"7;7."824"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;;+="see also Erickson v. Shalala.";"H05f 3: :35.":3:"p09"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;5+0 3; 42 43 30 Vtgcvkpi"Rj{ukekcpu c0 Ft0"Pgnuqp"L0"Hnqtgu Ft0"Hnqtgu."c"ru{ejqnqikuv."vtgcvgf"rnckpvkhh"kp"eqppgevkqp"ykvj"rnckpvkhhÓu 44 yqtmgtuÓ"eqorgpucvkqp"ecug"htqo"Qevqdgt"34."4233"vjtqwij"cv"ngcuv"Fgegodgt 45 42380""See CT"cv"3956."4337/380""Cv"vjg"kpkvkcn"gzcokpcvkqp"kp"Qevqdgt"4233."Ft0 46 Hnqtgu"tgrqtvgf"kv"ycu"gcu{"vq"fgxgnqr"c"tcrrqtv"ykvj"rnckpvkhh"cpf"rnckpvkhh<"ycu 47 eqqrgtcvkxg="ocfg"iqqf"g{g"eqpvcev="jcf"pqtocn"urggej="ycu"vgcthwn="jcf"c"ucf"cpf 48 cpzkqwu"oqqf="cpf"jcf"fghkekgpv"eqpegpvtcvkqp"cv"vkogu0""See id0"cv":24/250""Ft0 49 Hnqtgu"cfokpkuvgtgf"ugxgtcn"vguvu"yjkej"kpfkecvgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"cpzkqwu"cpf 4: : 3 fgrtguugf0""See id0"cv":32/360""Dcugf"qp"vjg"gzcokpcvkqp"cpf"vguvkpi."Ft0"Hnqtgu 4 fkcipqugf"rnckpvkhh"ykvj"korcktogpvu"vjcv"kpenwfgf<""fgrtguukxg"fkuqtfgt."pqv 5 qvjgtykug"urgekhkgf="cpzkgv{"fkuqtfgt."pqv"qvjgtykug"urgekhkgf."cpf"tgncvgf 6 kpuqopkc="cpf"ru{ejqnqikecn"hcevqtu"chhgevkpi"ogfkecn"eqpfkvkqp0""Id0"cv":25/260" 7 Ft0"Hnqtgu"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"vgorqtctkn{"vqvcnn{"fkucdngf"kp"vjg"yqtmgtuÓ 8 eqorgpucvkqp"eqpvgzv0""Id0"cv":270""Ukz"oqpvju"ncvgt."kp"Crtkn"4234."Ft0"Hnqtgu 9 ocfg"ukoknct"qdugtxcvkqpu"cpf"qhhgtgf"xktvwcnn{"vjg"ucog"qrkpkqp0""Id0"cv"949/:30 : Fwtkpi"vtgcvogpv"kp"4236"cpf"4237."rnckpvkhh"eqpvkpwgf"vq"gzjkdkv."coqpi ; qvjgt"vjkpiu."c"ucf"cpf"cpzkqwu"oqqf."dqfkn{"vgpukqp."cpf"rqqt"eqpegpvtcvkqp07" See 32 id0"cv":37.";34."3:45."3:470""Rnckpvkhh"cnuq"eqornckpgf"qh"vjqwijvu"qh"fgcvj."dwv 33 fgpkgf"cevkxg"uwkekfg"kfgcvkqp0""See id. cv"3:450 34 Qp"Lwpg"6."4237."Ft0"Hnqtgu"eqorngvgf"c"Ogpvcn"Fkuqtfgt"Swguvkqppcktg 35 Hqto"cpf"Ogpvcn"Cuuguuogpv0""Id0"cv"3952/5;0""Ft0"Hnqtgu"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"uwhhgtgf 36 htqo"oclqt"fgrtguukxg"fkuqtfgt."igpgtcnk|gf"cpzkgv{"fkuqtfgt."cpf"kpuqopkc0""Id0"cv 37 395:0""Ft0"Hnqtgu"nkuvgf"qdlgevkxg"hkpfkpiu"vq"uwrrqtv"jku"qrkpkqp."kpenwfkpi<" 38 kttkvcdng"dwv"eqqrgtcvkxg"dgjcxkqt."vgcthwnpguu."fgrtguugf"chhgev."cvvgpvkqp"cpf 39 ogoqt{"rtqdngou."pgtxqwupguu."crrtgjgpukqp."cpf"dqfkn{"vgpukqp0""Id0"cv"3953/540" 3: Ft0"Hnqtgu"fguetkdgf"rnckpvkhh"cu"jcxkpi"ukipkhkecpv"rtqdngou"kpvgtcevkpi"ykvj"qvjgtu 3; cpf"korwnug"eqpvtqn0""See id0"cv"39550""Dcugf"qp"jku"vtgcvogpv."Ft0"Hnqtgu"qrkpgf 42 rnckpvkhh"jcf"oknf"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jku"cdknkv{"vq"wpfgtuvcpf."tgogodgt."cpf"ectt{"qwv 43 xgt{"ujqtv"cpf"ukorng"kpuvtwevkqpu."ocmg"ukorng"yqtm"tgncvgf"fgekukqpu."cpf"cum 44 ukorng"swguvkqpu"qt"tgswguv"cuukuvcpeg="oknf"vq"oqfgtcvg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jku"cdknkv{"vq 45 kpvgtcev"crrtqrtkcvgn{"ykvj"vjg"igpgtcn"rwdnke."ockpvckp"uqekcnn{"crrtqrtkcvg 46 dgjcxkqt."cpf"vq"cfjgtg"vq"dcuke"uvcpfctfu"qh"pgcvpguu"cpf"engcpnkpguu="cpf 47 oqfgtcvg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jku"cdknkv{"vq"igv"cnqpi"ykvj"eqyqtmgtu"qt"rggtu."dg"cyctg 48 49 """""7 Ft0"Hnqtgu"kpfkecvgf"rnckpvkhh"ucy"jko"vykeg"c"oqpvj0""CT"cv"39560""Vjg 4: tgeqtf"eqpvckpu"hgy"vtgcvogpv"pqvgu0 ; 3 qh"pqtocn"jc|ctfu"cpf"vcmg"crrtqrtkcvg"ogcuwtgu."cpf"ugv"tgcnkuvke"iqcnu"qt"ocmg 4 rncpu"kpfgrgpfgpvn{"qh"qvjgtu0""See id0"cv"3957/5:0""Ft0"Hnqtgu"hwtvjgt"qrkpgf 5 rnckpvkhh"yqwnf"jcxg"oqfgtcvgn{"ugxgtg"qt"ugxgtg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"cnn"qvjgt"ctgcu. 6 kpenwfkpi"vjg"cdknkv{"vq<"wpfgtuvcpf."tgogodgt."cpf"ectt{"qwv"fgvckngf"kpuvtwevkqpu= 7 ockpvckp"cvvgpvkqp"cpf"eqpegpvtcvkqp"hqt"gzvgpfgf"rgtkqfu="uwuvckp"cp"qtfkpct{ 8 tqwvkpg"ykvjqwv"urgekcn"uwrgtxkukqp="rgthqto"cevkxkvkgu"ykvjkp"c"uejgfwng="cpf 9 crrtqrtkcvgn{"tgurqpf"vq"ejcpigu"kp"vjg"yqtm"rnceg08""Id0 d0 : ; Ft0"G0"Tkejctf"Fqtug{ Ft0"G0"Tkejctf"Fqtug{."c"ru{ejkcvtkuv."dgicp"vtgcvkpi"rnckpvkhh"qp"Fgegodgt 32 4."4237"cv"vjg"tgswguv"qh"Ft0"Hnqtgu0""Id0"cv"4427/3;0""Ft0"Fqtug{"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhh 33 gzjkdkvgf"c"ugtkqwu"cpf"fgrtguugf"oqqf."jcf"fgrtguugf"vjqwijv"eqpvgpv"cpf 34 qeecukqpcnn{"ygrv."dwv"jcf"qvjgtykug"pqtocn"hkpfkpiu0""Id0"cv"43:4."43;9."442;0" 35 Ft0"Fqtug{"pqvgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"ygnn/hqewugf"cpf"cdng"vq"tgurqpf"rtqorvn{"cpf 36 crrtqrtkcvgn{0""See id0"cv"43:4."4;390""Ft0"Fqtug{"fkcipqugf"rnckpvkhh"ykvj"oclqt 37 fgrtguukqp"cpf"rcpke"fkuqtfgt09""Id0"cv"43:4."44370 38 40 Gzcokpkpi"Rj{ukekcpu 39 Ft0"Jcuucp"O0"Ocjhqq|k."c"ru{ejkcvtkuv."gzcokpgf"rnckpvkhh"qp"Pqxgodgt"38. 3: 4233"kp"eqppgevkqp"ykvj"jku"yqtmgtuÓ"eqorgpucvkqp"encko0""Id0"cv"9:6/;40""Ft0 3; Ocjhqq|k"uvcvgf"kv"ycu"fkhhkewnv"vq"fgxgnqr"c"tcrrqtv"ykvj"rnckpvkhh0""See id0"cv"9;20" 42 Ft0"Ocjhqq|k"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhh<"ycu"tgukuvkxg."uwurkekqwu."cpf"eqqrgtcvkxg="jcf 43 rqqt"g{g"eqpvcev="ycu"cpzkqwu."kttkvcdng."ykvjftcyp."cpf"ucf="jcf"ogoqt{ 44 45 """""8 Qxgt"c"{gct"chvgt"vjg"fcvg"ncuv"kpuwtgf."qp"Hgdtwct{"49."4239."Ft0"Hnqtgu 46 eqorngvgf"c"Ogpvcn"Ecrcekvkgu"Hqto."kp"yjkej"jg"tgkvgtcvgf"jku"gctnkgt"qrkpkqpu0" CT"cv"42420""Ft0"Hnqtgu"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"wpcdng"vq"yqtm"dgecwug"qh"jku 47 cvvgpvkqp"cpf"ogoqt{"rtqdngou."kttkvcdknkv{."cpf"kpuqopkc0""Id0""Ft0"Hnqtgu"cnuq 48 uvcvgf"rnckpvkhh"uqekcnn{"kuqncvgf0""Id0"" 49 """""9 Ft0"Fqtug{Óu"uwdugswgpv"tgeqtfu"eqpvckp"rnckpvkhhÓu"uwdlgevkxg"eqornckpvu. 4: dwv"pq"qdlgevkxg"hkpfkpiu0""See CT"cv"4535/53."4566/75."4599/:30 32 3 fkhhkewnvkgu="ockpvckpgf"eqpegpvtcvkqp="cpf"jcf"hckt"lwfiogpv0""Id0""Ft0"Ocjhqq|k 4 fkcipqugf"rnckpvkhh"ykvj"fgrtguukxg"fkuqtfgt."cpzkgv{"fkuqtfgt."cpf"kpuqopkc0""Id0"cv 5 9;30 6 Ft0"Dqpi"Fqcp."c"eqpuwnvcvkxg"ru{ejkcvtkuv."gzcokpgf"rnckpvkhh"qp"Ugrvgodgt 7 3;."42370""Id0"cv"3:64/680""Ft0"Fqcp"fkf"pqv"tgxkgy"cp{"ogfkecn"tgeqtfu0""Id0"cv 8 3:640""Rnckpvkhh"fgpkgf"tgegkxkpi"cp{"ewttgpv"ru{ejkcvtke"vtgcvogpv"qt"ogfkecvkqp0:" 9 See id0"cv"3:64/650""Ft0"Fqcp"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhh"cu"jcxkpi"c"fgrtguugf"oqqf"ykvj"c : eqpitwgpv"chhgev"cpf"qvjgtykug"pqtocn"hkpfkpiu0""See id0"cv"3:660""Ft0"Fqcp"uvcvgf ; rnckpvkhh"jcf"pq"fkhhkewnvkgu<"kpvgtcevkpi"ykvj"vjg"enkpke"uvchh"qt"jkougnh="ockpvckpkpi 32 eqorquwtg="qt"hqewukpi"cpf"ockpvckpkpi"cvvgpvkqp0""See id0"cv"3:670""Dcugf"qp"vjg 33 gzcokpcvkqp."Ft0"Fqcp"fkcipqugf"rnckpvkhh"ykvj"fgrtguukxg"fkuqtfgt0""Id0""Ft0"Fqcp 34 qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"yqwnf"jcxg"pq"nkokvcvkqpu"qvjgt"vjcp"oknf"nkokvcvkqpu"eqorngvkpi"c 35 pqtocn"yqtmfc{"qt"yqtm"yggm0""Id0"" 36 Ft0"Pqtoc"T0"Ciwknct."c"eqpuwnvcvkxg"ru{ejkcvtkuv."gzcokpgf"rnckpvkhh"qp 37 Hgdtwct{"6."42380;""Id0"cv"3::4/:80""Ft0"Ciwknct"tgxkgygf"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogfkecn 38 tgeqtfu0""See id0"cv"3::50""Ft0"Ciwknct"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"eqqrgtcvkxg."unkijvn{ 39 fgrtguugf"cpf"cpzkqwu."cpf"jcf"c"eqpuvtkevgf"chhgev0 See id0"cv"3::60""Dcugf"qp"vjg 3: gzcokpcvkqp"cpf"tgeqtfu."Ft0"Ciwknct"fkcipqugf"rnckpvkhh"ykvj"rgtukuvgpv"fgrtguukxg 3; fkuqtfgt0""Id0"cv"3::70""Ft0"Ciwknct"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"oknfn{"nkokvgf"kp"jku"cdknkv{ 42 vq"tgurqpf"vq"ejcpigu"kp"c"tqwvkpg"yqtm"ugvvkpi"cpf"oqfgtcvgn{"nkokvgf"kp"jku 43 cdknkv{"vq"tgurqpf"vq"yqtm"rtguuwtg"kp"c"wuwcn"yqtm"ugvvkpi."dwv"qvjgtykug"jcf"pq 44 qvjgt"pqp/gzgtvkqpcn"nkokvcvkqpu0""Id0"" 45 46 """"": Rnckpvkhh"gzrnckpgf"jg"tcp"qwv"qh"ogfkecvkqp"vyq"oqpvju"rtkqt"cpf"jcf"pqv dggp"cdng"vq"ugg"c"pgy"ru{ejkcvtkuv0""See CT"cv"3:640 47 ; 48 """"" Cnvjqwij"Ft0"Ciwknct"fkf"pqv"kuuwg"jgt"qrkpkqp"wpvkn"chvgt"vjg"fcvg"ncuv kpuwtgf."ÐÒogfkecn"gxcnwcvkqpu"ocfg"chvgt"vjg"gzrktcvkqp"qh"c"enckocpvÓu"kpuwtgf 49 uvcvwu"ctg"tgngxcpv"vq"cp"gxcnwcvkqp"qh"vjg"rtggzrktcvkqp"eqpfkvkqp0ÓÑ""Lester.":3 4: H05f"cv":54"*swqvkpi"Smith v. Bowen.":6;"H04f"3444."3447"*;vj"Ekt03;::++0 33 3 50 Uvcvg"Cigpe{"Rj{ukekcpu 4 Ft0"Cncp"Dgtmqykv|"cpf"Ft0"Lgtockpg"Tqdgtvuqp."uvcvg"cigpe{"rj{ukekcpu. 5 tgxkgygf"Ft0"Ocjhqq|kÓu."Ft0"HnqtguÓu."cpf"Ft0"FqcpÓu"tgrqtvu."cu"ygnn"cu 6 rnckpvkhhÓu"swguvkqppcktg"hqto0""See id0"cv"33;/43."364/660""Dcugf"qp"vjgkt"tgxkgy. 7 vjg"uvcvg"cigpe{"rj{ukekcpu"fgvgtokpgf"rnckpvkhh"fkf"pqv"uwhhgt"htqo"c"ugxgtg"ogpvcn 8 korcktogpv0""Id0"cv"344."3660 9 60 Vjg"CNLÓu"Hkpfkpiu : Kp"tgcejkpi"jku"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp."vjg"CNL"icxg"ukipkhkecpv"ygkijv"vq"vjg ; qrkpkqpu"qh"Ft0"Fqcp"cpf"Ft0"Ciwknct."rctvkcn"ygkijv"vq"vjg"uvcvg"cigpe{ 32 rj{ukekcpuÓ"qrkpkqpu."cpf"nkvvng"ygkijv"vq"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp0""Id0"cv"56/580""Vjg 33 CNL"icxg"vjg"itgcvguv"ygkijv"vq"Ft0"FqcpÓu"cpf"Ft0"CiwknctÓu"qrkpkqpu"dgecwug 34 vjg{"ygtg"eqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"gxkfgpeg"cu"c"yjqng"cpf"vjg"enkpkecn"hkpfkpiu0""Id0"cv 35 56/570""Cnvjqwij"vjg"CNL"uvcvgf"ujg"icxg"rctvkcn"ygkijv"vq"vjg"uvcvg"cigpe{ 36 rj{ukekcpuÓ"qrkpkqpu."ujg"tglgevgf"vjgkt"qrkpkqpu"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"jcf"c"pqp/ugxgtg 37 korcktogpv."pqvkpi"cffkvkqpcn"gxkfgpeg"tgegkxgf"cv"vjg"jgctkpi"ngxgn"ujqygf 38 rnckpvkhhÓu"ogpvcn"korcktogpv"ycu"ugxgtg0""See id0"cv"570""Cpf"vjg"CNL"icxg"nkvvng 39 ygkijv"vq"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp"dgecwug"rnckpvkhhÓu"ugnh/tgrqtvgf"u{orvqou"cpf 3: nkokvcvkqpu"ygtg"wpuwrrqtvgf"d{"vjg"tgeqtf0""See id0"cv"580 3; Cu"cp"kpkvkcn"ocvvgt."eqpvtct{"vq"rnckpvkhhÓu"eqpvgpvkqp."vjg"CNL"fkf"pqv"tglgev 42 Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp"dgecwug"Ft0"Hnqtgu"ycu"c"yqtmgtuÓ"eqorgpucvkqp"rj{ukekcp0" 43 See R0"Ogo0"cv"9="Tgrn{"kp"Uwrrqtv"qh"RnckpvkhhÓu"Eqornckpv"*ÐTgrn{Ñ+"cv"50" 44 Kpfggf."vjg"CNL"gzrtguun{"uvcvgf"vjcv"ujg"eqpukfgtgf"cnn"gxkfgpeg"qh"tgeqtf. 45 kpenwfkpi"qrkpkqpu"tgncvgf"vq"rnckpvkhhÓu"yqtmgtuÓ"eqorgpucvkqp"encko"cpf"gxkfgpeg 46 qwvukfg"qh"vjg"tgngxcpv"rgtkqf"qh"tgxkgy0""See CT"cv"580""Ujg"qpn{"fkueqwpvgf"vjg 47 vgorqtct{"cpf"rgtegpvcig"dcugf"qrkpkqpu"tgncvgf"vq"vjg"yqtmgtuÓ"eqorgpucvkqp 48 encko"dgecwug"uwej"eqpenwukqpu"ctg"kpcrrnkecdng"kp"vjg"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"fkucdknkv{ 49 ugvvkpi0""See id0"cv"57/58="Desrosiers v. Sec’y.":68"H04f"795."798"*;vj"Ekt0"3;::+ 4: 34 3 *yqtmgtuÓ"eqorgpucvkqp"vgtokpqnqi{"fkhhgtgf"htqo"vjcv"wugf"kp"uqekcn"ugewtkv{ 4 fkucdknkv{"ecugu+0""Kpuvgcf."vjg"CNL"chhqtfgf"nkvvng"ygkijv"vq"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp 5 dgecwug"kv"ycu"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"tgeqtf"cpf"ycu"dcugf"qp"rnckpvkhhÓu"uwdlgevkxg 6 eqornckpvu."vjg"etgfkdknkv{"qh"yjkej"vjg"CNL"fkueqwpvgf0""See CT"cv"580 7 Hktuv."vjg"CNL"hqwpf"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp"ycu"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"gxkfgpeg 8 kp"vjg""tgeqtf"kpenwfkpi"qvjgt"rtqxkfgtuÓ"vtgcvogpv"pqvgu0""Id.""Ykvj"tgurgev"vq"qvjgt 9 rtqxkfgtu."vjg{"CNL"pqvgf"vjg{"fkf"pqv"qdugtxg"vjg"fgitgg"qh"u{orvqou"cpf : nkokvcvkqpu"Ft0"Hnqtgu"qdugtxgf0""See id0""Vjg"CNL"ekvgf"vjtgg"urgekhke"gzcorngu. ; cpf"cu"rnckpvkhh"rqkpvu"qwv."vyq"qh"vjgug"fq"nkvvng"vq"uwrrqtv"vjg"CNLÓu"tglgevkqp"qh 32 Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp0""Urgekhkecnn{."vjg"pqvgu"qh"vjg"ejktqrtcevqt"vtgcvkpi"rnckpvkhhÓu 33 mpgg"cpf"vjg"wtqnqikuv"vtgcvkpi"c"wtkpcvkqp"rtqdngo."yjkng"qh"uqog"xcnwg"vq"vjg 34 gzvgpv"vjg{"tgeqtf"rnckpvkhhÓu"qyp"uvcvgogpvu."qp"dcncpeg"fq"pqv"coqwpv"vq 35 uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"wpfgtokpkpi"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"hkpfkpiu"cdqwv"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogpvcn 36 korcktogpv0""See id."cv"799."37720""Vjg"CNL"cnuq"urgekhkecnn{"ekvgf"Ft0"Ocjhqq|k 37 qdugtxcvkqpu."yjkej"kpenwfgf"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"ycu"cpzkqwu."fgrtguugf."cpf"tgukuvkxg. 38 dwv"qxgtcnn"fkf"pqv"uwrrqtv"uwej"ugxgtg"nkokvcvkqpu"cu"Ft0"Hnqtgu"qrkpgf0""See id0"cv 39 9;20" 3: Cnvjqwij"pqv"urgekhkecnn{"ekvgf."vjg"CNL"cnuq"tghgttgf"vq"jgt"gctnkgt 3; fkuewuukqp"qh"vjg"hkpfkpiu"qh"qvjgt"rj{ukekcpu0""Id."cv"58="see id."cv"56/570""Ft0"Fqcp 42 pqvgf"rnckpvkhh"jcf"c"fgrtguugf"oqqf"ykvj"c"eqpitwgpv"chhgev."dwv"jku"hkpfkpiu"vjcv 43 rnckpvkhh"jcf"pq"fkhhkewnv{"kpvgtcevkpi"ykvj"jku"uvchh"cpf"hqewukpi"fktgevn{ 44 eqpvtcfkevgf"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"jcf"uqekcn"cpf"eqpegpvtcvkqp 45 nkokvcvkqpu0""See id0"cv"3:660""Ft0"Ciwknct"cnuq"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"unkijvn{ 46 fgrtguugf"cpf"cpzkqwu."dwv"jcf"qvjgtykug"pqtocn"hkpfkpiu0""See id0"cv"3::6/:70" 47 Cpf"Ft0"Fqtug{"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"eqqrgtcvkxg."tgnkcdng."cpf"ygnn/hqewugf0" 48 See id0"cv"43:3/:4."43:8/:9."43;8/;90"" 49 Ukoknctn{."vjg"tgeqtf"eqpvckpgf"qvjgt"gxkfgpeg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"Ft0"HnqtguÓu 4: 35 3 qrkpgf"nkokvcvkqpu0""Eqpvtct{"vq"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"uqekcnn{"kuqncvgf 4 cpf"yqwnf"jcxg"oqfgtcvgn{"ugxgtg"qt"ugxgtg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jku"cdknkv{"vq"uwuvckp"cp 5 qtfkpct{"tqwvkpg"cpf"ockpvckp"tgiwnct"cvvgpfcpeg."vjg"tgeqtf"eqpvckpu"ownvkrng 6 tghgtgpegu"vq"rnckpvkhh"dgkpi"eqqrgtcvkxg."vcmkpi"jku"ejknftgp"vq"uejqqn."cvvgpfkpi 7 encuu"fckn{."iqkpi"vq"vjg"i{o"fckn{."cvvgpfkpi"tgiwnct"ejwtej"ugtxkegu."cpf"jcxkpi 8 iqqf"uwrrqtv"htqo"jku"ejknftgp0""See, e.g., id0"cv"4:8."3953."3::60 9 Hwtvjgt."Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qyp"gzcokpcvkqpu"fkf"pqv"pgeguuctkn{"uwrrqtv"jku : qrkpgf"nkokvcvkqpu0""Ft0"Hnqtgu"pqvgf"uqog"fkhhkewnvkgu"ykvj"ogoqt{"cpf ; eqpegpvtcvkqp."dwv"pqvjkpi"vjcv"uwrrqtvgf"oqfgtcvgn{"ugxgtg"nkokvcvkqpu0""See id0"cv 32 967.":25."39580""Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qvjgt"hkpfkpiu"cnuq"fkf"pqv"uwrrqtv"vjg"oqfgtcvg." 33 oqfgtcvgn{"ugxgtg."qt"ugxgtg"nkokvcvkqpu"jg"qrkpgf."kpenwfkpi"vjg"cdknkv{"vq 34 wpfgtuvcpf"cpf"ectt{"qwv"fgvckngf"kpuvtwevkqpu."rgthqto"cevkxkvkgu"ykvjkp"c"uejgfwng. 35 tgogodgt"nqecvkqpu."qt"ockpvckp"tgiwnct"cvvgpfcpeg0""See id0"cv"3957/5:0 36 Vjg"CNL"cnuq"kornkgf"c"ugeqpf"tgcuqp"hqt"fkueqwpvkpi"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp"Î 37 vjcv"vjg"qrkpkqp"tgnkgf"jgcxkn{"qp"rnckpvkhhÓu"uwdlgevkxg"eqornckpvu"cpf"ujg 38 fkueqwpvgf"vjg"etgfkdknkv{"qh"uwej"eqornckpvu0""Id0"cv"58="see Magallanes."::3"H04f 39 cv"977"*cp"CNL"pggf"pqv"tgekvg"Ðocike"yqtfu.Ñ"c"tgxkgykpi"eqwtv"oc{"ftcy 3: kphgtgpegu"htqo"cp"qrkpkqp+= Morgan."38;"H05f"cv"824"*ÐC"rj{ukekcpÓu"qrkpkqp"qh 3; fkucdknkv{"rtgokugf"vq"c"nctig"gzvgpv"wrqp"vjg"enckocpvÓu"qyp"ceeqwpvu"qh"jku 42 u{orvqou"cpf"nkokvcvkqpu"oc{"dg"fkutgictfgf"yjgtg"vjqug"eqornckpvu"jcxg"dggp 43 rtqrgtn{"fkueqwpvgf0Ñ+"*kpvgtpcn"swqvcvkqp"octmu"cpf"ekvcvkqp"qokvvgf+0""Cu"yknn"dg 44 fkuewuugf"dgnqy."rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{"ycu"rctvkcnn{"etgfkdng."cpf"vjwu"tgnkcpeg"qp 45 rnckpvkhhÓu"tgrtgugpvcvkqpu"ycu"pqv"c"urgekhke"cpf"ngikvkocvg"tgcuqp"vq"ikxg"Ft0 46 HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp"nguu"ygkijv0"" 47 Ceeqtfkpin{."vjg"CNL"rtqxkfgf"c"urgekhke"cpf"ngikvkocvg"tgcuqp"uwrrqtvgf"d{ 48 uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt"fkueqwpvkpi"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"qrkpkqp."vjcv"vjg"qrkpkqp"ycu 49 wptgnkcdng"dgecwug"kv"ycu"wpuwrrqtvgf"d{"qdlgevkxg"gxkfgpeg"cpf"vjg"tgeqtf0 4: 36 3 E0 Vjg"CNL"Kortqrgtn{"Fkueqwpvgf"Rctv"qh"RnckpvkhhÓu"Vguvkoqp{ 4 Rnckpvkhh"eqpvgpfu"vjg"CNL"kortqrgtn{"fkueqwpvgf"jku"vguvkoqp{."urgekhkecnn{ 5 jku"nkhvkpi"cpf"ectt{kpi"cnngicvkqp0""R0"Ogo0"cv":/380""Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"jku"cevkxkvkgu 6 qh"fckn{"nkxkpi"ygtg"pqv"c"uwhhkekgpv"tgcuqp"vq"fkueqwpv"jku"vguvkoqp{032""Id0" 7 Cv"vjg"jgctkpi."rnckpvkhh"vguvkhkgf"mpgg"rckp"ycu"vjg"rtkoct{"korcktogpv 8 rtgxgpvkpi"jko"htqo"yqtmkpi0""CT"cv":8/:90""Rnckpvkhh"vguvkhkgf"jg"jcf"rtqdngou 9 ykvj"dcncpeg."uygnnkpi."cpf"ygcmpguu0""Id0"cv":;/;20""Rnckpvkhh"vguvkhkgf"jg"eqwnf"ukv : hqt"52"okpwvgu"dghqtg"pggfkpi"vq"uvcpf"cpf"uvtgvej."ycnm"hqt"37"okpwvgu"ykvj"c ; ecpg."uvcpf"hqt"37"okpwvgu."nkhv"cpf"ectt{"32"rqwpfu."cpf"tgcej"ykvj"jku"tkijv"cto"cv 32 qt"dgnqy"vjg"ujqwnfgt"ngxgn"hqt"52"ugeqpfu0""See id0"cv";3/;50""Rnckpvkhh"vguvkhkgf"jg 33 cvvgpfgf"vyq/cpf/c/jcnh/jqwt"nqpi"Gpinkuj"ncpiwcig"encuugu"hqwt"fc{u"c"yggm0""Id0 34 cv"::0""Kp"jku"Hwpevkqp"Tgrqtv."fcvgf"Octej"38."4237."rnckpvkhh"uvcvgf"jg"eqwnf"uvcpf 35 hqt"52"okpwvgu."ygpv"vq"uejqqn"cpf"vjg"i{o"fckn{."eqwnf"ycnm"hqt"jcnh"c"okng."cpf 36 eqwnf"pqv"uswcv0""See id0"cv"4:4/:90""Cnvjqwij"rnckpvkhh"ejgemgf"dqzgu"kpfkecvkpi"jku 37 korcktogpvu"chhgevgf"jku"nkhvkpi"cdknkvkgu."jg"fkf"pqv"gzrnckp"jqy"jku"cdknkvkgu"ygtg 38 korcevgf0""See id0"cv"4:90 39 Vjg"CNL"owuv"ocmg"urgekhke"etgfkdknkv{"hkpfkpiu."uwrrqtvgf"d{"vjg"tgeqtf0" 3: Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{"Twnkpi"*ÐUUTÑ+";8/9r0""Vq"fgvgtokpg"yjgvjgt"vguvkoqp{ 3; eqpegtpkpi"u{orvqou"ku"etgfkdng."vjg"CNL"gpicigu"kp"c"vyq/uvgr"cpcn{uku0" 42 Lingenfelter v. Astrue."726"H05f"324:."3257/58"*;vj"Ekt0"4229+0""Hktuv."vjg"CNL 43 owuv"fgvgtokpg"yjgvjgt"c"enckocpv"rtqfwegf"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg"qh"cp 44 wpfgtn{kpi"korcktogpv"ÐÒyjkej"eqwnf"tgcuqpcdn{"dg"gzrgevgf"vq"rtqfweg"vjg"rckp 45 qt"qvjgt"u{orvqou"cnngigf0ÓÑ""Id."cv"3258"*swqvkpi"Bunnell v. Sullivan.";69"H04f 46 563."566"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;3+"*gp"dcpe++0""Ugeqpf."kh"vjgtg"ku"pq"gxkfgpeg"qh 47 ocnkpigtkpi."cp"ÐCNL"ecp"tglgev"vjg"enckocpvÓu"vguvkoqp{"cdqwv"vjg"ugxgtkv{"qh"jgt 48 49 """""32 Rnckpvkhh"cnuq"ctiwgu"vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"eqpukfgt"jku"qdgukv{"kp"jgt"etgfkdknkv{ 4: cpcn{uku."dwv"hckngf"vq"fgxgnqr"vjku"ctiwogpv0""R0"Ogo0"cv"380 37 3 u{orvqou"qpn{"d{"qhhgtkpi"urgekhke."engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"hqt"fqkpi"uq0Ñ" 4 Smolen.":2"H05f"cv"34:3="accord Benton v. Barnhart."553"H05f"3252."3262"*;vj"Ekt0 5 4225+0""Vjg"CNL"oc{"eqpukfgt"ugxgtcn"hcevqtu"kp"ygkijkpi"c"enckocpvÓu"vguvkoqp{. 6 kpenwfkpi<""*3+"qtfkpct{"vgejpkswgu"qh"etgfkdknkv{"gxcnwcvkqp"uwej"cu"c"enckocpvÓu 7 tgrwvcvkqp"hqt"n{kpi="*4+"vjg"hcknwtg"vq"uggm"vtgcvogpv"qt"hqnnqy"c"rtguetkdgf"eqwtug 8 qh"vtgcvogpv="cpf"*5+"c"enckocpvÓu"fckn{"cevkxkvkgu0""Tommasetti v. Astrue."755"H05f 9 3257."325;"*;vj"Ekt0"422:+="Bunnell.";69"H04f"cv"568/690 : Cv"vjg"hktuv"uvgr."vjg"CNL"hqwpf"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogfkecnn{"fgvgtokpcdng ; korcktogpvu"eqwnf tgcuqpcdn{"dg"gzrgevgf"vq"ecwug"vjg"u{orvqou"cnngigf0""CT"cv 32 550""Cv"vjg"ugeqpf"uvgr."vjg"CNL"rtqxkfgf"vjtgg"tgcuqpu"hqt"fkueqwpvkpi"rnckpvkhhÓu 33 etgfkdknkv{<"*3+"rnckpvkhhÓu"cnngigf"u{orvqou"cpf"nkokvcvkqpu"ygtg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj 34 jku"cevkxkvkgu"qh"fckn{"nkxkpi="*4+"vjg"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg"fkf"pqv"uwrrqtv"vjg 35 ugxgtkv{"qh"jku"u{orvqou="cpf"*5+"ncem"qh"vtgcvogpv0""See id0"cv"4;/5;0""Rnckpvkhh 36 qpn{"fkurwvgu"vjg"CNLÓu"hktuv"vyq"hkpfkpiu0 37 Hktuv.""vjg"CNL"hqwpf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"cdng"vq"gpicig"kp"cevkxkvkgu"qh"fckn{"nkxkpi 38 vjcv"ygtg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"jku"cnngigf"u{orvqou0""See id0"cv"54/550""Kpeqpukuvgpe{ 39 dgvyggp"c"enckocpvÓu"cnngigf"u{orvqou"cpf"jgt"fckn{"cevkxkvkgu"oc{"dg"c"engct"cpf 3: eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqp"vq"hkpf"c"enckocpv"nguu"etgfkdng0""Tommasetti."755"H05f"cv"325;= 3; Bunnell.";69"H04f"cv"5680""Dwv"Ðvjg"ogtg"hcev"c"]enckocpv_"jcu"ecttkgf"qp"egtvckp 42 fckn{"cevkxkvkgu."uwej"cu"itqegt{"ujqrrkpi."ftkxkpi"c"ect."qt"nkokvgf"ycnmkpi"hqt 43 gzgtekug."fqgu"pqv"kp"cp{"yc{"fgvtcev"htqo"jgt"etgfkdknkv{"cu"vq"]jku_"qxgtcnn 44 fkucdknkv{0Ñ""Vertigan v. Halter."482"H05f"3266."3272"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+0""C"enckocpv 45 fqgu"pqv"pggf"vq"dg"Ðwvvgtn{"kpecrcekvcvgf0Ñ""Fair v. Bowen."::7"H04f"7;9."825"*;vj 46 Ekt0"3;:;+0"" 47 Jgtg."vjg"CNL"nkuvgf"ownvkrng"gzcorngu"qh"rnckpvkhhÓu"cevkxkvkgu"qh"fckn{"nkxkpi 48 ujg"hqwpf"vq"dg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"rnckpvkhhÓu"u{orvqou0""Dwv"vjg"oclqtkv{"qh"vjg 49 cevkxkvkgu"ekvgf"fkf"pqv"fgvtcev"htqo"jku"etgfkdknkv{0""Hktuv."vjg"cevkxkvkgu"qh"fckn{ 4: 38 3 nkxkpi"tgncvgf"vq"rgtuqpcn"ectg"cpf"jqog"nkhg"uwej"cu"rnckpvkhh"jcxkpi"pq"fkhhkewnv{ 4 ycujkpi."igvvkpi"qp"cpf"qhh"vjg"vqkngv."ytkvkpi"c"pqvg."ycvejkpi"vgngxkukqp."cpf 5 vwtpkpi"hcwegvu"cpf"qhh"ygtg"pqv"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"rnckpvkhhÓu"u{orvqou0""See CT"cv 6 550""Ugeqpf."vjg"CNL"ekvgf"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"eqphktogf"jg"eqwnf"nkhv"wr"vq"42"rqwpfu 7 gxgp"vjqwij"kv"ycu"tgeqoogpfgf"jg"nkokv"nkhvkpi"vq"pq"oqtg"vjcp"32"rqwpfu0""See 8 id0"cv"540""Cnvjqwij"vjg"CNL"eqttgevn{"pqvgf"rnckpvkhh"tgrqtvgf"jg"eqwnf"nkhv"42 9 rqwpfu"kp"Lwpg"4234."d{"Ugrvgodgt"4237."rnckpvkhh"tgrqtvgf"jg"gzrgtkgpegf : oqfgtcvg"vq"ugxgtg"rckp"nkhvkpi"42"rqwpfu0""See id0"cv"638."39760""Hkpcnn{."vjg"CNL ; eqttgevn{"pqvgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"ycnmkpi"vq"cnn"qh"jku"crrqkpvogpvu"kp"Ugrvgodgt"4236 32 fgurkvg"jku"tgrqtvu"qh"rckp"cpf"qpn{"dgkpi"ecrcdng"qh"ycnmkpi"37"okpwvgu"qt"jcnh"c 33 okng"dghqtg"pggfkpi"vq"tguv0""See id0"cv"54.";3."4:90""Dwv"rnckpvkhh"fkf"pqv"uvcvg"jqy 34 hct"jg"jcf"vq"ycnm"qt"jqy"owej"tguv"jg"tgswktgf"fwtkpi"vjqug"ycnmu0 35 Pgxgtvjgnguu."uqog"qh"vjg"kpeqpukuvgpekgu"dgvyggp"rnckpvkhhÓu"cnngigf 36 u{orvqou"cpf"cevkxkvkgu"ekvgf"d{"vjg"CNL"ygtg"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"vq 37 hkpf"uqog"qh"rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{"nguu"vjcp"etgfkdng0""Rnckpvkhh"vguvkhkgf"jg"eqwnf 38 qpn{"ukv"hqt"52"okpwvgu"dwv"jg"ycu"cdng"vq"cvvgpf"ncpiwcig"encuugu"hqt"vyq/cpf/c/ 39 jcnh"jqwtu"gcej"fc{0""See id0"cv"54."::.";30""Cu"hqt"jku"cnngigf"nkhvkpi"nkokvcvkqp. 3: rnckpvkhh"tgrqtvgf"jg"eqwnf"tgcej"cv"qt"dgnqy"jku"ujqwnfgt"ngxgn"ykvj"jku"tkijv"cto 3; hqt"qpn{"52"ugeqpfu."dwv"jg"ygpv"vq"vjg"i{o"fckn{"cpf"fkf"oquvn{"wrrgt"dqf{ 42 gzgtekugu0""See id0"cv";5."35990""Cnvjqwij"kv"ku"rquukdng"rnckpvkhh"eqwnf"ukv"cpf"uvcpf 43 kp"encuu"cv"yknn"cpf"fkf"pqv"rgthqto"gzgtekugu"tgswktkpi"jko"vq"tgcej"qxgtjgcf"ykvj 44 jku"tkijv"ujqwnfgt."vjg"gxkfgpeg"kp"vjg"tgeqtf"ecp"tgcuqpcdn{"uwrrqtv"vjg"CNLÓu 45 hkpfkpi"ykvj"tgurgev"vq"vjgug"rqtvkqpu"qh"rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{0 46 Vjg"CNLÓu"ugeqpf"itqwpf"hqt"fkueqwpvkpi"rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{"ycu"jku 47 cnngicvkqpu"ygtg"pqv"uwrrqtvgf"d{"vjg"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg0""See id. cv"52/58= 48 Rollins v. Massanari."483"H05f":75.":79"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+"*ncem"qh"eqttqdqtcvkxg 49 qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg"oc{"dg"qpg"hcevqt"kp"gxcnwcvkpi"etgfkdknkv{+0""Ykvj 4: 39 3 tgictf"vq"jku"ujqwnfgtu."hqnnqykpi"jku"uwtigtkgu."vjg"gzcokpcvkqp"hkpfkpiu"ygtg 4 oquvn{"pqtocn"qvjgt"vjcp"uqog"qeecukqpcn"vgpfgtpguu."tgfwegf"tcpig"qh"oqvkqp. 5 cpf"qpg"rqukvkxg"korkpigogpv"hkpfkpi"kp"vjg"tkijv"ujqwnfgt0""See id0"cv"3389."3488. 6 3798."39770""Pqpg"qh"vjgug"qdlgevkxg"hkpfkpiu"uwrrqtv"itgcvgt"nkhvkpi"nkokvcvkqpu 7 vjcp"vjg"CNL"fgvgtokpgf0""Vjg"qpn{"rj{ukekcpu"yjq"qhhgtgf"qrkpkqpu"cu"vq 8 rnckpvkhhÓu"wrrgt"gzvtgokv{"nkokvcvkqpu"fgvgtokpgf"jg"eqwnf"nkhv"wr"vq"42"rqwpfu0" 9 See"id0"cv"345."368."379:0 : Kp"eqpvtcuv."vjg"qdlgevkxg"gxkfgpeg"uwrrqtvgf"rnckpvkhhÓu"cnngigf"u{orvqou ; tgictfkpi"jku"mpgg0""Rnckpvkhh"wpfgtygpv"hqwt"mpgg"uwtigtkgu"dgvyggp"Fgegodgt 32 4233"cpf"Fgegodgt"42360""See id0"cv"6:9/::."72;/32."32:3/:5."3568/6:0"Vjg"CNL 33 cempqyngfigf"vjg"hqwt"uwtigtkgu."dwv"pqvgf"kocikpi"tghngevgf"pq"tg/vgct"qh"vjg 34 ogpkuewu."pq"htcevwtg"qt"fkunqecvkqp."pq"ecnekhkecvkqp"qh"vjg"uqhv"vkuuwgu."cpf"vjg 35 ogfkcn"cpf"ncvgtcn"lqkpv"eqorctvogpvu"ygtg"ygnn"ockpvckpgf0""See id0"cv"530""Vjg 36 CNL"cnuq"pqvgf"vjg"gzcokpcvkqpu"tgxgcngf"uqog"vgpfgtpguu."dwv"pq"rcvgnnqhgoqtcn 37 lqkpv"etgrkvwu"cpf"hwnn"tcpig"qh"oqvkqp"kp"Crtkn"4235."c"pqtocn"ickv"kp"Lcpwct{ 38 4237."vjg"cdknkv{"vq"fq"jggn"cpf"vqg"ycnm"kp"Ugrvgodgt"4237."cpf"vjcv"jg"ycu"fqkpi 39 ygnn"ykvj"jku"tgeqxgt{"wpvkn"Hgdtwct{"42370""See id0""[gv"cnvjqwij"vjgtg"ygtg"uqog 3: pqtocn"hkpfkpiu"cu"pqvgf"d{"vjg"CNL."rj{ukekcpu"eqpvkpwgf"vq"qdugtxg"hkpfkpiu 3; uwrrqtvkpi"mpgg"rckp"chvgt"jku"hqwtvj"uwtigt{0""See id0"cv"3292"*vgpfgtpguu. 42 etgrkvwu+."3978/79"*72'"qh"pqtocn"uswcv."rckp."vgpfgtpguu."etgrkvwu."rqukvkxg"itkpf 43 vguvkpi+."39;5"*cpvcnike"ickv."vgpfgtpguu."ycuvkpi"qh"nghv"swcftcegr."fgetgcugf"tcpig 44 qh"oqvkqp"kp"nghv"mpgg+."3:64"*nkorkpi"ykvj"ecpg+0""Kpfggf."kp"Ugrvgodgt"4237."c 45 rj{ukekcp"fgvgtokpgf"rnckpvkhh"pggfgf"c"vqvcn"lqkpv"tgrncegogpv"cpf"eqpxgtukqp"qh 46 vjg"wpkeqorctvogpv"vq"vqvcn"mpgg0""Id0"cv"39;50""Vjwu."vjg"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn 47 gxkfgpeg."cnqpi"ykvj"jku"rj{ukekcpÓu"vtgcvogpv"tgeqoogpfcvkqp."uwrrqtvgf 48 rnckpvkhhÓu"u{orvqou"tgictfkpi"jku"mpgg"dwv"pqv"jku"ujqwnfgtu0 49 Cu"hqt"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogpvcn"jgcnvj."rnckpvkhh"vguvkhkgf"jg"vykeg"ycpvgf"vq"mknn 4: 3: 3 jkougnh."jcf"pgicvkxg"vjqwijvu."ycu"fgrtguugf."jcf"cpzkgv{."cpf"jcf"ogoqt{"cpf 4 eqpegpvtcvkqp"kuuwgu0""Id0"cv";6/;70""Vjg"qdlgevkxg"hkpfkpiu"eqpukuvgpvn{"ujqygf 5 rnckpvkhh"jcf"c"fgrtguugf"oqqf"cpf"ycu"cpzkqwu."dwv"qpn{"Ft0"HnqtguÓu"hkpfkpiu 6 hwnn{"uwrrqtvgf"rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{0""Cu"fkuewuugf"cdqxg."vjg"qvjgt"rj{ukekcpu"cnn 7 qdugtxgf"tgncvkxgn{"pqtocn"hkpfkpiu0""See id0"cv"3:66."3::6/:7."43:4/:5."4423/24. 8 442;0""Vcmkpi"cnn"vjg"qdlgevkxg"hkpfkpiu"vqigvjgt."vjgtg"ycu"uwrrqtv"hqt"rnckpvkhhÓu 9 vguvkoqp{"eqpegtpkpi"jku"cpzkgv{"cpf"fgrtguukqp."dwv"vjg"CNL"tgcuqpcdn{ : fgvgtokpgf"vjgtg"ycu"kpuwhhkekgpv"gxkfgpeg"qh"jku"qvjgt"cnngigf"ogpvcn"nkokvcvkqpu0 ; Vjg"CNLÓu"vjktf"itqwpf"hqt"vjg"cfxgtug"etgfkdknkv{"ycu"ncem"qh"vtgcvogpv0""Id0 32 cv"550""Vjg"CNL"ekvgf"c"Ugrvgodgt"4236"tgrqtv"d{"rnckpvkhhÓu"vtgcvkpi"ejktqrtcevqt 33 kp"yjkej"jg"kpfkecvgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"pqv"tgegkxkpi"ejktqrtcevke"vtgcvogpv."rj{ukecn 34 vjgtcr{."cewrwpevwtg."qt"jqog"vjgtcr{0""See id."cv"8420""Hcknwtg"vq"hqnnqy 35 rtguetkdgf"vtgcvogpv"oc{"dg"c"tgcuqp"vq"fkueqwpv"c"enckocpvÓu"uwdlgevkxg 36 eqornckpvu."dwv"jgtg."vjg"tgeqtf"fqgu"pqv"tghngev"yjgvjgt"cp{"qh"vjgug"vtgcvogpvu 37 ygtg"rtguetkdgf"cv"vjcv"vkog0""Vjg"hcev"rnckpvkhh"ycu"pqv"tgegkxkpi"vjqug"urgekhke 38 vtgcvogpvu"fqgu"pqv"d{"kvugnh"wpfgtokpg"jku"etgfkdknkv{."rctvkewnctn{"kp"nkijv"qh"vjg 39 hcev"vjcv"jg"jcf"hqwt"mpgg"uwtigtkgu."vyq"ujqwnfgt"uwtigtkgu."cpf"c"rj{ukekcp 3: tgeqoogpfgf"c"hkhvj"mpgg"uwtigt{0 3; Qp"dcncpeg."vjg"CNL"gttgf"kp"rctv"kp"fkueqwpvkpi"rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{0""Vjg 42 CNL"ekvgf"uqog"cevkxkvkgu"vjcv"ygtg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"cpf"qdlgevkxg"gxkfgpeg"vjcv 43 fkf"pqv"uwrrqtv"rnckpvkhhÓu"cnngigf"u{orvqou"tgictfkpi"jku"ujqwnfgtu"cpf"uqog 44 ogpvcn"nkokvcvkqpu."dwv"vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"ekvg"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"hqt 45 fkueqwpvkpi"rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{"kp"kvu"gpvktgv{."rctvkewnctn{"ykvj"tgurgev"vq"jku 46 mpgg0 47 48 49 4: 3; 3 F0 Vjg"Xqecvkqpcn"GzrgtvÓu"Vguvkoqp{"Eqpuvkvwvgf"Uwduvcpvkcn"Gxkfgpeg 4 Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg"vguvkoqp{"qh"vjg"xqecvkqpcn"gzrgtv"*ÐXGÑ+"fkf"pqv 5 eqpuvkvwvg"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg0""R0"Ogo0"cv"39/430""Urgekhkecnn{."rnckpvkhh"eqpvgpfu 6 rqtvkqpu"qh"vjg"XGÓu"vguvkoqp{"ygtg"wpuwrrqtvgf"qt"wpdgnkgxcdng0""Id0""Rnckpvkhh 7 cnuq"eqpvgpfu"vjg"CNL"rqugf"cp"kpeqorngvg"j{rqvjgvkecn"dgecwug"ujg"hckngf"vq 8 kpenwfg"jku"knnkvgtce{0""Id0"cv"42/430 9 Cv"uvgr"hkxg."vjg"dwtfgp"ujkhvu"vq"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"vq"ujqy"vjcv"vjg"enckocpv : tgvckpu"vjg"cdknkv{"vq"rgthqto"qvjgt"ickphwn"cevkxkv{0""Lounsburry v. Barnhart."68: ; H05f"3333."3336"*;vj"Ekt0"4228+0""Vq"uwrrqtv"c"hkpfkpi"vjcv"c"enckocpv"ku"pqv 32 fkucdngf"cv"uvgr"hkxg."vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"owuv"rtqxkfg"gxkfgpeg"fgoqpuvtcvkpi"vjcv 33 qvjgt"yqtm"gzkuvu"kp"ukipkhkecpv"pwodgtu"kp"vjg"pcvkqpcn"geqpqo{"vjcv"vjg"enckocpv 34 ecp"rgthqto."ikxgp"jku"qt"jgt"cig."gfwecvkqp."yqtm"gzrgtkgpeg."cpf"THE0""42 35 E0H0T0"¸"62603734*h+0""Vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"oc{"ucvkuh{"vjku"dwtfgp"vjtqwij"vjg 36 vguvkoqp{"qh"c"XG0""Lounsburry."68:"H05f"cv"33360 37 Kp"tgurqpug"vq"c"j{rqvjgvkecn"d{"vjg"CNL"vjcv"kpenwfgu"vjg"nkokvcvkqpu"vjg 38 CNL"hqwpf"etgfkdng."c"XG"oc{"vguvkh{"cu"vq"Ð*3+"yjcv"lqdu"vjg"enckocpv."ikxgp"jku 39 qt"jgt"]THE_."yqwnf"dg"cdng"vq"fq="cpf"*4+"vjg"cxckncdknkv{"qh"uwej"lqdu"kp"vjg 3: pcvkqpcn"geqpqo{0Ñ""Tackett v. Apfel."3:2"H05f"32;6."3323"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;;+0"""ÐC 3; XGÓu"tgeqipk|gf"gzrgtvkug"rtqxkfgu"vjg"pgeguuct{"hqwpfcvkqp"hqt"jku"qt"jgt 42 vguvkoqp{0Ñ""Bayliss v. Barnhart."649"H05f"3433."343:"*;vj"Ekt0"4227+0""Vjg"XG"ku 43 pqv"tgswktgf"vq"rtqxkfg"vjg"wpfgtn{kpi"fcvc"hqt"jgt"pwodgtu"qt"gzrnckp"vjg 44 ogvjqfqnqi{"qh"jqy"ujg"tgcejgf"vjgug"pwodgtu0""Ford v. Saul.";72"H05f"3363. 45 337:/7;"*;vj"Ekt0"4242+="see Xiong v. Colvin."4236"YN"595757:."cv",;"*G0F0"Ecn0 46 Lwn0"4:."4236+0""XG"vguvkoqp{"ku"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg0""See Johnson v. Shalala."82 47 H05f"364:."3657"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;7+"*ÐÒ]V_jg"CNL"ycu"ykvjkp"jku"tkijvu"vq"tgn{"uqngn{ 48 qp"vjg"xqecvkqpcn"gzrgtvÓu"vguvkoqp{0ÓÑ+"*swqvkpi"Conn v. Sec’y."73"H05f"829."832 49 *8vj"Ekt0"3;;7++="see also"Bayliss."649"H05f"cv"343:."p06"*Hgfgtcn"Twngu"qh"Gxkfgpeg 4: 42 3 fq"pqv"crrn{"kp"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"jgctkpiu+0""Dwv"yjgtg"vjg"XG"vguvkoqp{"ku 4 hwpfcogpvcnn{"hncygf."tgocpf"ku"crrtqrtkcvg0""See, e.g., Farias v. Colvin."73;"Hgf0 5 Crrz0"65;."662"*;vj"Ekt0"4235+"*tgocpf"tgswktgf"yjgtg"XG"rtqxkfgf"gornq{ogpv 6 fcvc"hqt"c"fkhhgtgpv"qeewrcvkqp"vjcp"vjg"qpg"jg"qrkpgf"enckocpv"eqwnf"rgthqto+0 7 CNLu"tqwvkpgn{"tgn{"qp"vjg"Fkevkqpct{"qh"Qeewrcvkqpcn"Vkvngu"*ÐFQVÑ+"Ðkp 8 gxcnwcvkpi"yjgvjgt"vjg"enckocpv"ku"cdng"vq"rgthqto"qvjgt"yqtm"kp"vjg"pcvkqpcn 9 geqpqo{0Ñ""Terry v. Sullivan.";25"H04f"3495."3498"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;2+"*ekvcvkqpu : qokvvgf+="see also"42"E0H0T0"¸"62603788*f+*3+"*FQV"ku"c"uqwteg"qh"tgnkcdng"lqd ; kphqtocvkqp+0""Vjg"FQV"ku"vjg"tgdwvvcdng"rtguworvkxg"cwvjqtkv{"qp"lqd 32 encuukhkecvkqpu0""Johnson."82"H05f"cv"36570""Cp"CNL"oc{"pqv"tgn{"qp"c"XGÓu 33 vguvkoqp{"tgictfkpi"vjg"tgswktgogpvu"qh"c"rctvkewnct"lqd"ykvjqwv"hktuv"kpswktkpi 34 yjgvjgt"vjg"vguvkoqp{"eqphnkevu"ykvj"vjg"FQV."cpf"kh"uq."vjg"tgcuqpu"vjgtghqt0" 35 Massachi."6:8"H05f"cv"3374/75"*ekvkpi"UUT"22/6r+0 36 Cv"vjg"jgctkpi."vjg"XG"jgtg"vguvkhkgf"rnckpvkhh"eqwnf"rgthqto"vjg"lqdu"qh"ockn 37 tqwvgt."tgvckn"yqtmgt."cpf"ucwucig"kpurgevqt0""CT"cv";;0""Vjg"XG"vguvkhkgf"vjgug"lqdu 38 ygtg"encuukhkgf"cu"nkijv"yqtm"dwv"cnnqygf"hqt"c"ukv1uvcpf"qrvkqp."cpf"vjcv"vjg"pwodgt 39 qh"lqdu"rtqxkfgf"ygtg"vjg"hwnn"pwodgt"ykvj"pq"gtqukqp033""Id0"cv";;/3220""Vjg"XG 3: cnuq"vguvkhkgf"vjcv"c"j{rqvjgvkecn"rgtuqp"ykvj"rnckpvkhhÓu"THE"eqwnf"pqv"rgthqto"vjg 3; hwnn"tcpig"qh"nkijv"lqdu0""Id."cv"3220""Vjg"XG"hwtvjgt"vguvkhkgf"vjcv"c"rgtuqp"yjq 42 eqwnf"qpn{"ukv"hqt"52"okpwvgu"cv"c"vkog"dghqtg"pggfkpi"vq"igv"wr"cpf"ycnm"ctqwpf"qt 43 uvtgvej"hqt"32"okpwvgu"qt"ycu"qhh/vcum"oqtg"vjcp"42"rgtegpv"qh"vjg"vkog"eqwnf"pqv 44 rgthqto"vjg"kfgpvkhkgf"lqdu0""Id0"cv"3230""Cpf."hkpcnn{."vjg"XG"vguvkhkgf"vjcv"vjg"lqd 45 pwodgtu"yqwnf"dg"gtqfgf"d{"72"rgtegpv"kh"vjg"j{rqvjgvkecn"rgtuqp"jcf"c"nkokvgf 46 cdknkv{"vq"eqoowpkecvg"kp"Gpinkuj0""Id0"cv"323/240""Vjg"XG"vguvkhkgf"jgt"qrkpkqp"ycu 47 eqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"FQV0""Id."cv"3240 48 49 """""33 Kv"ku"wpengct"yjcv"ycu"vjg"XGÓu"gzcev"vguvkoqp{"tgictfkpi"gtqukqp0""Vjg 4: eqwtv"tgrqtvgt"kpfkecvgf"rctv"qh"vjg"vguvkoqp{"ycu"kpcwfkdng0""See CT"cv"3220 43 3 Rnckpvkhh"eqpvgpfu"vjg"XGÓu"vguvkoqp{"ecppqv"eqpuvkvwvg"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg 4 dgecwug"jgt"vguvkoqp{"ycu"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"FQV."jgt"vguvkoqp{"ycu"eqpvtct{ 5 vq"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"twnkpiu."ujg"hckngf"vq"cpuygt"swguvkqpu"cdqwv"lqd"gtqukqp."ujg 6 hckngf"vq"rtqxkfg"vjg"dcuku"hqt"jgt"vguvkoqp{."cpf"jgt"vguvkoqp{"ycu"wpdgnkgxcdng0" 7 R0"Ogo0"cv"39/430""Kp"qvjgt"yqtfu."rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg"XG"vguvkoqp{"ycu 8 hwpfcogpvcnn{"hncygf0" 9 Rnckpvkhh"rtgokugu"jku"ctiwogpvu."kp"rctv."qp"UUT":5/32."yjkej"urgekhkgu. : coqpi"qvjgt"vjkpiu."vjcv"vjg"rtkoct{"fkhhgtgpeg"dgvyggp"ugfgpvct{"cpf"oquv"nkijv ; lqdu"ku"c"lqd"yknn"dg"encuukhkgf"cu"nkijv"yqtm"Ðyjgp"kv"tgswktgu"c"iqqf"fgcn"qh 32 ycnmkpi"qt"uvcpfkpi.Ñ""cpf"Ðyjgp"kv"kpxqnxgu"ukvvkpi"oquv"qh"vjg"vkog"dwv"ykvj"uqog 33 rwujkpi"cpf"rwnnkpi"qh"cto/jcpf"qt"ngi/hqqv"eqpvtqnu."yjkej"tgswktgf"itgcvgt 34 gzgtvkqp"vjcp"kp"ugfgpvct{"yqtm0Ñ""UUT":5/320""Rnckpvkhh"eqpuvtwgu"UUT":5/32"cu 35 ogcpkpi"vjcv"qpg"qh"vjg"hqnnqykpi"owuv"dg"rtgugpv"vq"eqpuvkvwvg"nkijv"yqtm<"*3+"c 36 iqqf"fgcn"qh"uvcpfkpi"qt"ycnmkpi"*wr"vq"ukz"jqwtu+="*4+"ukvvkpi"dwv"ykvj"rwujkpi"qt 37 rwnnkpi"qt"ngi"eqpvtqnu="qt"*5+"rtqfwevkqp"rceg"yqtm="cpf"rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"pqpg"qh 38 vjg"XG"kfgpvkhkgf"lqdu"hcnnu"kpvq"vjqug"ecvgiqtkgu0""R0"Ogo0"cv"39/3:."420""Kpuvgcf. 39 rnckpvkhh"eqpvgpfu"vjg"kfgpvkhkgf"lqdu"eqwnf"pqv"dg"rgthqtogf"ykvj"c"nkokvcvkqp"vq 3: vyq"jqwtu"uvcpfkpi"qt"ycnmkpi0""Id0"cv"3:0""Vjg"XGÓu"vguvkoqp{"vjcv"vjg{"jcf"c 3; ukv1uvcpf"qrvkqp"ycu"vjgtghqtg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"FQV"cpf"cp"kpfkecvkqp"vjg{ 42 ygtg"oqfkhkgf"vq"dg"rgthqtogf"cv"c"ugfgpvct{"ngxgn0""Id0"cv"3:/420""Vjg"oqfkhkecvkqp 43 vjwu"uq"ukipkhkecpvn{"gtqfgu"vjg"qeewrcvkqpcn"dcug"vjcv"vjg"ugfgpvct{"yqtm"dcug 44 ujqwnf"jcxg"dggp"crrnkgf"kpuvgcf0""See id0"cv"3:/3;"*ekvkpi"UUT":5/34+0 45 RnckpvkhhÓu"ctiwogpv"ku"ogtg"urgewncvkqp0""Ukz"jqwtu"qh"uvcpfkpi"qt"ycnmkpi"ku 46 pqv"tgswktgf"hqt"cnn"lqdu"encuukhkgf"cu"nkijv"yqtm."cpf"lqdu"encuukhkgf"cu"nkijv"yqtm 47 ctg"pqv"oqfkhkgf"vq"dg"rgthqtogf"cu"ugfgpvct{"yqtm"ukorn{"dgecwug"vjg{"jcxg"c 48 ukv1uvcpf"qrvkqp0""ÐVjg"FQV"nkuvu"oczkowo"tgswktgogpvu"qh"qeewrcvkqpu"cu 49 igpgtcnn{"rgthqtogf."pqv"vjg"tcpig"qh"tgswktgogpvu"qh"c"rctvkewnct"lqd"cu"kv"ku 4: 44 3 rgthqtogf"kp"urgekhke"ugvvkpiu0""C"XG."XU."qt"qvjgt"tgnkcdng"uqwteg"qh"qeewrcvkqpcn 4 kphqtocvkqp"oc{"dg"cdng"vq"rtqxkfg"oqtg"urgekhke"kphqtocvkqp"cdqwv"lqdu"qt 5 qeewrcvkqpu"vjcp"vjg"FQV0Ñ""UUT"22/6r0""Vjcv"ku"rtgekugn{"yjcv"vjg"XG"fkf"jgtg0" 6 Vjg"XG"vguvkhkgf"vjg"kfgpvkhkgf"qeewrcvkqpu"ygtg"encuukhkgf"cu"nkijv"yqtm"d{"vjg 7 FQV."cpf"cnvjqwij"vjg"FQV"fkf"pqv"urgekh{."cnn"qh"vjgo"eqwnf"dg"rgthqtogf"ykvj"c 8 ukv1uvcpf"qrvkqp"ykvj"pq"gtqukqp0""CT"cv";;/3220""Vjg"hcev"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"fkucitggu 9 ykvj"vjg"FQV"encuukhkecvkqp"cpf"vjg"XGÓu"vguvkoqp{"ku"pqv"c"uwhhkekgpv"dcuku"vq : ejcnngpig"vjg"vguvkoqp{0"" ; Rnckpvkhh"cnuq"ctiwgu"vjg"j{rqvjgvkecn"ycu"kpeqorngvg"dgecwug"vjg"CNL"hckngf 32 vq"kpenwfg"jku"knnkvgtce{"kp"vjg"Gpinkuj"ncpiwcig0""R0"Ogo0"cv"42/43="see Hill v. 33 Astrue."8;:"H05f"3375."3384"*;vj"Ekt0"4234+"*ÐÒKh"c"xqecvkqpcn"gzrgtvÓu 34 j{rqvjgvkecn"fqgu"pqv"tghngev"cnn"vjg"enckocpvÓu"nkokvcvkqpu."vjgp"vjg"gzrgtvÓu 35 vguvkoqp{"jcu"pq"gxkfgpvkct{"xcnwg"vq"uwrrqtv"c"hkpfkpi"vjcv"vjg"enckocpv"ecp 36 rgthqto"lqdu"kp"vjg"pcvkqpcn"geqpqo{0ÓÑ+"*swqvkpi"Matthews v. Shalala."32"H05f 37 89:."8:3"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;5+0""Kp"vjg"fgekukqp."vjg"CNL"hqwpf"rnckpvkhh"jcf"c"nkokvgf 38 cdknkv{"vq"eqoowpkecvg"cpf"Ðku"eqpukfgtgf"kp"vjg"ucog"yc{"cu"cp"kpfkxkfwcn"yjq"ku 39 knnkvgtcvg"kp"Gpinkuj0Ñ""CT"cv"5:0""Vjg"CNL"pqvgf"vjcv"cnvjqwij"rnckpvkhh"tgrqtvgf"jg 3: eqwnf"pqv"urgcm."wpfgtuvcpf."tgcf."qt"ytkvg"Gpinkuj."jg"vguvkhkgf"vjcv"jg"wpfgtuvqqf 3; uqog"Gpinkuj"cpf"vjcv"jg"vqqm"Gpinkuj"ncpiwcig"encuugu0""Id0"cv"5:/5;="see also id0 42 cv"337/380""Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"kpenwfg"cp{"ncpiwcig"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"vjg 43 j{rqvjgvkecn0""See id"cv";:/;;0""Vjku"gttqt"ycu"jctonguu0""Rnckpvkhh"rqugf"c 44 j{rqvjgvkecn"ykvj"jku"THE"cpf"c"nkokvgf"cdknkv{"vq"eqoowpkecvg"Gpinkuj"cdknkv{"vq 45 vjg"XG."vq"yjkej"ujg"tgurqpfgf"vjgtg"yqwnf"dg"72"rgtegpv"gtqukqp"Î"qt"uvknn"c 46 ukipkhkecpv"pwodgt"qh"lqdu0""Id."cv"323/24="see id."cv";;0" 47 Kp"uwo."rnckpvkhh"hcknu"vq"fgoqpuvtcvg"vjg"XGÓu"vguvkoqp{"ycu"hwpfcogpvcnn{ 48 hncygf0""Vjg"XGÓu"vguvkoqp{"vjgtghqtg"eqpuvkvwvgf"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg0"" 49 4: 45 3 G0 Vjg"CNL"Ycu"Pqv"Tgswktgf"vq"Hqnnqy"RQOU"Iwkfcpeg 4 Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg"CNL"kortqrgtn{"encuukhkgf"rnckpvkhh"cu"ecrcdng"qh"nkijv 5 yqtm"tcvjgt"vjcp"ugfgpvct{"yqtm"kp"jgt"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp0""R0"Ogo0"cv"43/440" 6 Jcf"vjg"CNL"hqwpf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"nkokvgf"vq"ugfgpvct{"yqtm."jg"yqwnf"dggp"hqwpf 7 fkucdngf"rwtuwcpv"vq"vjg"Ogfkecn"Xqecvkqpcn"Iwkfgnkpgu"hqwpf"cv"42"E0H0T0"rctv 8 626."Uwdrctv"R."Crrgpfkz"4"*ÐItkfÑ+0""Id0"cv"43/440""Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjcv"kp"vjg 9 xgtukqp"qh"Rtqitco"Qrgtcvkqpu"Ocpwcn"U{uvgo"*ÐRQOUÑ+"ghhgevkxg"kp"4238. : RQOU"FK"472380228"hqwpf."kp"c"rctvkewnct"gzcorng."c"6/jqwt"nkokvcvkqp"kp ; uvcpfkpi1ycnmkpi"uq"ukipkhkecpvn{"gtqfgf"vjg"qeewrcvkqpcn"dcug"qh"nkijv"yqtm"vjcv 32 vjg"ugfgpvct{"twng"yqwnf"dg"wugf"cu"c"htcogyqtm"kpuvgcf0""Id0"cv"430""Rnckpvkhh"cnuq 33 eqpvgpfu"vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"eqpukfgt"vjg"uvcvg"cigpe{"cpf"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu 34 qrkpkqpu"vjcv"jg"ycu"nkokvgf"ugfgpvct{"yqtm0""Id0"cv"440" 35 RQOU"Ðeqpuvkvwvgu"cp"cigpe{"kpvgtrtgvcvkqp"vjcv"fqgu"pqv"korqug"lwfkekcnn{ 36 gphqtegcdng"fwvkgu"qp"gkvjgt"vjku"eqwtv"qt"vjg"CNL0Ñ""Lockwood v. Comm’r."838 37 H05f"328:."3295"*;vj"Ekt0"4232+0""Uwej"kpvgtrtgvcvkqpu"ctg"rgtuwcukxg"dwv"pqv 38 dkpfkpi0""See Carillo-Yeras v. Astrue."893"H05f953."957"*;vj"Ekt0"4233+="Lockwood. 39 838"H05f"cv"32950""Vjgtghqtg."gxgp"kh"vjg"CNLÓu"cpcn{uku"ycu"eqpvtct{"vq"RQOu. 3: vjcv"ycu"kpeqpugswgpvkcn0""Oqtgqxgt."rnckpvkhh"ekvgu"vq"cp"gzcorng"kp"c"xgtukqp"qh 3; RQOU"vjcv"ycu"pq"nqpigt"kp"ghhgev"cv"vjg"vkog"qh"vjg"fgekukqp0""Rnckpvkhh"hcknu"vq 42 gzrnckp"yj{"vjg"CNL"ujqwnf"jcxg"tgnkgf"qp"iwkfcpeg"vjcv"ycu"pq"nqpigt"ghhgevkxg"cv 43 vjg"vkog"qh"vjg"fgekukqp0""See"Black v. Berryhill."423:"YN"83:6827."cv",34"*G0F0 44 Ecn0"Pqx0"49."423:+"*rnckpvkhh"hckngf"vq"ujqy"yj{"vjg"CNL"ycu"tgswktgf"vq"hqnnqy 45 iwkfcpeg"ghhgevkxg"chvgt"vjg"fcvg"qh"jku"fgekukqp+0 46 Vq"vjg"gzvgpv"rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg"CNL"gttgf"d{"tglgevkpi"qrkpkqpu"rnckpvkhh 47 ycu"nkokvgf"vq"ugfgpvct{"yqtm."jku"ctiwogpv"ku"ykvjqwv"ogtkv0""Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg 48 Ðuvcvg"cigpe{Ñ"cpf"jku"vtgcvkpi"ejktqrtcevqt"qrkpgf"jg"ycu"tguvtkevgf"vq"ugfgpvct{ 49 yqtm0""R0"Ogo0"cv"440""Dwv"vjku"ctiwogpv"ku"pqv"uwrrqtvgf"d{"vjg"tgeqtf0""Pgkvjgt"qh 4: 46 3 vjg"uvcvg"cigpe{"rj{ukekcpu"tguvtkevgf"rnckpvkhh"vq"ugfgpvct{"yqtm0""See"CT"cv"345. 4 3680""Kpuvgcf."cp"cigpe{"cpcn{uv"cuuguukpi"xqecvkqpcn"hcevqtu"wrqp"tgeqpukfgtcvkqp 5 encuukhkgf"rnckpvkhh"cu"ugfgpvct{0""See id0"cv"36;/720""Cu"hqt"rnckpvkhhÓu"vtgcvkpi 6 ejktqrtcevqt."jg"nkokvgf"rnckpvkhh"vq"ugfgpvct{"yqtm"kp"vjtgg"rtqitguu"tgrqtvu"fcvgf 7 Pqxgodgt"4238"vjtqwij"Hgdtwct{"4239."cpf"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"ujqwnf"dg"qhh"yqtm"kp 8 rtkqt"rtqitguu"tgrqtvu0""See, e.g, id0"cv"4444."4448."444:."4459."44640""Eqpvtct{"vq 9 rnckpvkhhÓu"eqpvgpvkqp."vjg"CNL"eqpukfgtgf"vjg"ejktqrtcevqtÓu"hkpfkpiu"cpf : qdugtxcvkqpu."dwv"chhqtfgf"nkvvng"ygkijv"vq"vjg"vgorqtct{"cpf"rgtegpvcig"dcugf ; qrkpkqpu"dgecwug"yqtmgtuÓ"eqorgpucvkqp"iwkfgnkpgu"cpf"vgtokpqnqi{"fkhhgtgf"htqo 32 vjcv"wugf"kp"vjg"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"fkucdknkv{"eqpvgzv0""See id0"cv"57/58="Booth v. 33 Barnhart."3:3"H0"Uwrr0"4f"32;;."3326/27"*E0F0"Ecn0"4224+0 34 Kp"uwo."kp"nkijv"qh"vjg"CNLÓu"qvjgt"hkpfkpiu."vjg"CNL"fkf"pqv"gtt"d{"hkpfkpi 35 rnckpvkhh"ycu"ecrcdng"qh"rgthqtokpi"nkijv"yqtm0""Dwv"wrqp"tgeqpukfgtcvkqp"qh 36 rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{."vjqug"hkpfkpiu"eqwnf"ejcpig0 37 H0 Vjg"CNL"Hckngf"vq"Rtqrgtn{"Urgekh{"vjg"Ygkijv"Ceeqtfgf"vq"vjg"Nc{ 38 Vguvkoqp{ 39 Rnckpvkhh"eqpvgpfu"vjg"CNL"gttgf"yjgp"ujg"hckngf"vq"urgekh{"vjg"ygkijv"ikxgp 3: vq"c"uvcvgogpv"htqo"jku"htkgpf."Lqug"Iqp|cngu0""R0"Ogo0"cv"44/450"" 3; Ð]N_c{"vguvkoqp{"cu"vq"c"enckocpvÓu"u{orvqou"qt"jqy"cp"korcktogpv"chhgevu 42 cdknkv{"vq"yqtm"is"eqorgvgpv"gxkfgpeg"cpf"vjgtghqtg"cannot"dg"fkutgictfgf"ykvjqwv 43 eqoogpv0Ñ""Stout v. Comm’r."676"H05f"3272."3275"*;vj"Ekt0"4228+"*kpvgtpcn 44 swqvcvkqp"octmu."gnnkrugu."cpf"ekvcvkqp"qokvvgf+="see Smolen.":2"H05f"cv"34::="see 45 also 42"E0H0T0¸"62603735*f+*6+"*gzrnckpkpi"vjcv"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"yknn"eqpukfgt 46 cnn"gxkfgpeg"htqo"Ðpqp/ogfkecn"uqwtegu.Ñ"kpenwfkpi"Ðurqwugu."rctgpvu"cpf"qvjgt 47 ectgikxgtu."ukdnkpiu."qvjgt"tgncvkxgu."htkgpfu."pgkijdqtu."cpf"engti{Ñ+0""Vjg"CNL"oc{ 48 qpn{"fkueqwpv"vjg"vguvkoqp{"qh"nc{"ykvpguugu"kh"ujg"rtqxkfgu"urgekhke"Ðtgcuqpu"vjcv 49 ctg"igtocpg"vq"gcej"ykvpguu0Ñ""Dodrill v. Shalala."34"H05f";37.";3;"*;vj"Ekt0 4: 47 3 3;;5+="see Lewis v. Apfel."458"H05f"725."733"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+"*ÐNc{"vguvkoqp{"cu"vq 4 c"enckocpvÓu"u{orvqou"ku"eqorgvgpv"gxkfgpeg"vjcv"cp"CNL"owuv"vcmg"kpvq"ceeqwpv. 5 wpnguu"jg"qt"ujg"gzrtguun{"fgvgtokpgu"vq"fkutgictf"uwej"vguvkoqp{"cpf"ikxg"tgcuqpu 6 igtocpg"vq"gcej"ykvpguu"hqt"fqkpi"uq0Ñ+0 7 Kp"c"vjktf"rctv{"hwpevkqp"tgrqtv"fcvgf"Octej"52."4237."Iqp|cngu"uvcvgf"jg 8 cvvgpfgf"eqnngig"*Gpinkuj"ncpiwcig"encuugu+"ykvj"rnckpvkhh="jg"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhh"jcf 9 c"rtqdngo"ykvj"jku"mpgg="rnckpvkhhÓu"mpgg"rckp"ecwugf"fkhhkewnvkgu"ykvj"unggrkpi. : rgtuqpcn"ectg."cpf"rgthqtokpi"jqwugyqtm="rnckpvkhh"ftqxg."eqqmgf."vqqm"ectg"qh"jku ; ejknftgp."cpf"cvvgpfgf"ejwtej="cpf"rnckpvkhh"pggfgf"vq"tguv"chvgt"ycnmkpi"37 32 okpwvgu0""CT"cv"4;8/5260""Vjg"CNL"gzrtguun{"uvcvgf"ujg"eqpukfgtgf"vjg"uvcvgogpv 33 htqo"Iqp|cngu."dwv"hckngf"vq"urgekh{"yjcv"ygkijv"ujg"icxg"jku"vguvkoqp{0""Hqt"vjg 34 oquv"rctv."vjg"CNLÓu"hcknwtg"vq"urgekh{"vjg"ygkijv"ikxgp"Iqp|cnguÓu"uvcvgogpv"ycu 35 jctonguu0""Dcugf"qp"jgt"fkuewuukqp."kv"crrgctu"vjcv"vjg"CNL"icxg"ygkijv"vq"vjg 36 oclqtkv{"qh"Iqp|cnguÓu"qdugtxcvkqpu"cu"ujg"kpeqtrqtcvgf"vjg"cevkxkvkgu"qdugtxgf"d{ 37 Iqp|cngu0""Dwv"vjg"CNL"fkf"pqv"cfqrv"vjg"qpg"urgekhke"nkokvcvkqp"Iqp|cngu"qrkpgf. 38 yjkej"ycu"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"pggf"vq"tguv"chvgt"37"okpwvgu"qh"ycnmkpi0""Id0"cv"5230""Vjg 39 CNL"ycu"tgswktgf"vq"ekvg"c"igtocpg"tgcuqp"hqt"tglgevkpi"Iqp|cnguÓu"qdugtxcvkqp0" 3: Jgt"hcknwtg"vq"fq"uq"ycu"gttqt"vjcv"ycu"pqv"jctonguu0 3; I0 Vjg"CNL"Fkf"Pqv"Jcxg"vq"Fkuewuu"Pqp/Rtqdcvkxg"Gxkfgpeg 42 Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg"CNL"kortqrgtn{"hckngf"vq"eqpukfgt"vjg"qrkpkqp"qh"Ft0"C0 43 Okejcgn"Oqjgkocpk."c"vtgcvkpi"qtvjqrgfke"uwtigqp."urgekhkecnn{."jku"qrkpkqp"vjcv 44 rnckpvkhh"ujqwnf"nkhv"pq"oqtg"vjcp"32"rqwpfu0""R0"Ogo0"cv"45/460"" 45 Ft0"Oqjgkocpk"vtgcvgf"rnckpvkhhÓu"ujqwnfgt"kp"4233"cpf"4234"kp"eqppgevkqp 46 ykvj"c"ugrctcvg"yqtmgtuÓ"eqorgpucvkqp"encko0""See CT"cv"579."6370""Kp"yqtmgtuÓ 47 eqorgpucvkqp"rtqitguu"tgrqtvu"htqo"Lcpwct{"vjtqwij"Lwpg"9."4234."Ft0"Oqjgkocpk 48 qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"ujqwnf"dg"tguvtkevgf"htqo"rwujkpi."rwnnkpi."cpf"nkhvkpi"itgcvgt"vjcp 49 32"rqwpfu."cu"ygnn"cu"qxgtjgcf"tgcejkpi"ykvj"vjg"tkijv"ujqwnfgt0""See id0"cv"585. 4: 48 3 58:."595."59:."5:50""Qp"Lwpg"44."4234."Ft0"Oqjgkocpk"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhh"jcf"c 4 unkijv"fgetgcugf"tcpig"qh"oqvkqp"kp"vjg"egtxkecn"urkpg."vgpfgtpguu"kp"vjg"tkijv 5 ujqwnfgt."cpf"fgetgcugf"tcpig"qh"oqvkqp"kp"dqvj"ujqwnfgtu."oqtg"cewvg"kp"vjg"tkijv0" 6 See id0"cv"63;/420""Ft0"Oqjgkocpk"wrfcvgf"jku"yqtmkpi"tguvtkevkqpu"vq"pq"rwujkpi. 7 rwnnkpi."qt"nkhvkpi"oqtg"vjcp"42"rqwpfu."cpf"pq"qxgtjgcf"yqtm0""Id0"cv"6450 8 Cu"fkuewuugf"cdqxg."vjg"CNL"fgvgtokpgf"tgu"lwfkecvc"crrnkgf"vq"vjg"Qevqdgt 9 4236"Fgpkcn"uq"yqwnf"pqv"tgeqpukfgt"vjcv"rtgxkqwun{"cflwfkecvgf"rgtkqf0""Id0"cv"440" : Vjg"CNL"yqwnf"eqpukfgt"vjg"ogfkecn"tgeqtfu"htqo"vjg"rtgxkqwun{"cflwfkecvgf ; rgtkqf"qpn{"vq"vjg"gzvgpv"vjg{"ygtg"rtqdcvkxg"qh"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogfkecn"eqpfkvkqp 32 vjtqwij"vjg"fcvg"ncuv"kpuwtgf0""Id0"cv"520"" 33 Cu"cp"kpkvkcn"ocvvgt."vjg"CNL"fkuewuugf"vjg"Lcpwct{"vjtqwij"Lwpg"9."4234 34 rtqitguu"tgrqtvu0""Ocp{"qh"vjg"gzcou"ygtg"rgthqtogf"cpf"rtqitguu"tgrqtvu"ytkvvgp 35 d{"Gtke"Iwgxctc."Ft0"OqjgkocpkÓu"rj{ukekcpÓu"cuukuvcpv."cpf"vjgp"tgxkgygf"cpf 36 ukipgf"d{"Ft0"Oqjgkocpk" See id0"cv"58;."595."59:0""Vjg"CNL"urgekhkecnn{"fkuewuugf 37 cpf"tglgevgf"IwgxctcÓu"Crtkn"4234"qrkpkqp"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"ujqwnf"pqv"rwuj."rwnn."qt 38 nkhg"oqtg"vjcp"32"rqwpfu0""See id0"cv"580""Rnckpvkhh"fkf"pqv"fkurwvg"vjg"nkvvng"ygkijv 39 vjg"CNL"icxg"IwgxctcÓu"Crtkn"4234"qrkpkqp0 3: Oqtgqxgt."kv"wpengct"jqy"rtqdcvkxg"Ft0"OqjgkocpkÓu"Crtkn"4234"qrkpkqp"ku0" 3; Vjg"qrkpkqp"ycu"tgpfgtgf"qxgt"vyq"{gctu"rtkqt"vq"vjg"tgngxcpv"rgtkqf0""Cnvjqwij 42 rnckpvkhh"eqornckpgf"qh"ujqwnfgt"rckp"kp"c"hgy"kpuvcpegu."rnckpvkhh"fkf"pqv"uggm 43 vtgcvogpv"hqt"jku"ujqwnfgtu0""Oquv"korqtvcpv."rnckpvkhh"eqorngvgn{"kipqtgu"Ft0 44 OqjgkocpkÓu"oquv"tgegpv"qrkpkqp"kp"vjg"tgeqtf0""Kp"c"rgtocpgpv"cpf"uvcvkqpct{ 45 tgrqtv"fcvgf"Lwpg"44."4234."Ft0"Oqjgkocpk"wrfcvgf"jku"qrkpkqp"cpf"tguvtkevgf 46 rnckpvkhh"htqo"rwujkpi."rwnnkpi."qt"nkhvkpi"oqtg"vjcp"42"rqwpfu0""Id0"cv"6450" 47 Vjgtghqtg."vjg"gctnkgt"vgorqtct{"qrkpkqpu"ygtg"pqv"rtqdcvkxg0 48 Ceeqtfkpin{."vjg"CNL"fkf"pqv"gtt0""Pqv"qpn{"fkf"vjg"CNL"fkuewuu"cpf"tglgev"cp 49 gctnkgt."vgorqtct{"qrkpkqp."kv"ycu"pqv"rtqdcvkxg"dgecwug"Ft0"Oqjgkocpk"kuuwgf"c 4: 49 3 uwdugswgpv"wrfcvgf"qrkpkqp0 4 X0 5 TGOCPF"KU"CRRTQRTKCVG 6 Vjg"fgekukqp"yjgvjgt"vq"tgocpf"hqt"hwtvjgt"rtqeggfkpiu"qt"tgxgtug"cpf 7 cyctf"dgpghkvu"ku"ykvjkp"vjg"fkuetgvkqp"qh"vjg"fkuvtkev"eqwtv0""McAllister v. Sullivan. 8 :::"H04f"7;;."825"*;vj"Ekt0"3;:;+0""Kv"ku"crrtqrtkcvg"hqt"vjg"eqwtv"vq"gzgtekug"vjku 9 fkuetgvkqp"vq"fktgev"cp"koogfkcvg"cyctf"qh"dgpghkvu"yjgtg<"Ð*3+"vjg"tgeqtf"jcu"dggp : hwnn{"fgxgnqrgf"cpf"hwtvjgt"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"rtqeggfkpiu"yqwnf"ugtxg"pq"wughwn ; rwtrqug="*4+"vjg"CNL"jcu"hckngf"vq"rtqxkfg"ngicnn{"uwhhkekgpv"tgcuqpu"hqt"tglgevkpi 32 gxkfgpeg."yjgvjgt"enckocpv"vguvkoqp{"qt"ogfkecn"qrkpkqpu="cpf"*5+"kh"vjg 33 kortqrgtn{"fkuetgfkvgf"gxkfgpeg"ygtg"etgfkvgf"cu"vtwg."vjg"CNL"yqwnf"dg"tgswktgf 34 vq"hkpf"vjg"enckocpv"fkucdngf"qp"tgocpf0Ñ""Garrison v. Colvin."97;"H05f";;7."3242 35 *;vj"Ekt0"4236+"*ugvvkpi"hqtvj"vjtgg/rctv"etgfkv/cu/vtwg"uvcpfctf"hqt"tgocpfkpi"ykvj 36 kpuvtwevkqpu"vq"ecnewncvg"cpf"cyctf"dgpghkvu+0""Dwv"yjgtg"vjgtg"ctg"qwvuvcpfkpi 37 kuuwgu"vjcv"owuv"dg"tguqnxgf"dghqtg"c"fgvgtokpcvkqp"ecp"dg"ocfg."qt"kv"ku"pqv"engct 38 htqo"vjg"tgeqtf"vjcv"vjg"CNL"yqwnf"dg"tgswktgf"vq"hkpf"c"rnckpvkhh"fkucdngf"kh"cnn"vjg 39 gxkfgpeg"ygtg"rtqrgtn{"gxcnwcvgf."tgocpf"hqt"hwtvjgt"rtqeggfkpiu"ku"crrtqrtkcvg0" 3: See Benecke v. Barnhart."59;"H05f"7:9."7;7/;8"*;vj"Ekt0"4226+="Harman v. Apfel. 3; 433"H05f"3394."339;/:2"*;vj"Ekt0"4222+0""Kp"cffkvkqp."vjg"eqwtv"owuv"Ðtgocpf"hqt 42 hwtvjgt"rtqeggfkpiu"yjgp."gxgp"vjqwij"cnn"eqpfkvkqpu"qh"vjg"etgfkv/cu/vtwg"twng"ctg 43 ucvkuhkgf."cp"gxcnwcvkqp"qh"vjg"tgeqtf"cu"c"yjqng"etgcvgu"ugtkqwu"fqwdv"vjcv"c 44 enckocpv"ku."kp"hcev."fkucdngf0Ñ""Garrison."97;"H05f"cv"32430 45 Jgtg."tgocpf"ku"tgswktgf"vq"rgtokv"vjg"CNL"vq"tgeqpukfgt"vjg"vguvkoqp{0""Qp 46 tgocpf."vjg"CNL"ujcnn"tgeqpukfgt"rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{"cpf"gkvjgt"etgfkv"jku 47 uwdlgevkxg"eqornckpvu"qt"rtqxkfg"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"hqt"tglgevkpi"vjgo. 48 cpf"tgeqpukfgt"vjg"nc{"vguvkoqp{"cpf"gkvjgt"etgfkv"kv"qt"rtqxkfg"igtocpg"tgcuqpu 49 uwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt"tglgevkpi"kv0""Vjg"CNL"ujcnn"vjgp"tgcuuguu 4: 4: 3 rnckpvkhhÓu"THE."cpf"rtqeggf"vjtqwij"uvgru"hqwt"cpf"hkxg"vq"fgvgtokpg"yjcv"yqtm."kh 4 cp{."rnckpvkhh"ku"ecrcdng"qh"rgthqtokpi0 5 XK0 6 EQPENWUKQP 7 KV"KU"VJGTGHQTG"QTFGTGF"vjcv"Lwfiogpv"ujcnn"dg"gpvgtgf 8 TGXGTUKPI"vjg"fgekukqp"qh"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"fgp{kpi"dgpghkvu."cpf 9 TGOCPFKPI"vjg"ocvvgt"vq"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"hqt"hwtvjgt"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"cevkqp : eqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjku"fgekukqp0 ; 32 FCVGF<"Crtkn"4;."4242 33 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" UJGTK"R[O Wpkvgf"Uvcvgu"Ocikuvtcvg"Lwfig 34 35 36 37 38 39 3: 3; 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4: 4;
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