Latosha Latrice Nowden v. Commissioner of Social Security, No. 5:2018cv02475 - Document 27 (C.D. Cal. 2020)

Court Description: MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER by Magistrate Judge Sheri Pym. IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that Judgment shall be entered REVERSING the decision of the Commissioner denying benefits, and REMANDING the matter to the Commissioner for further administrative action consistent with this decision. (es)

Download PDF
Latosha Latrice Nowden v. Commissioner of Social Security Doc. 27 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 : WPKVGF"UVCVGU"FKUVTKEV"EQWTV ; EGPVTCN"FKUVTKEV"QH"ECNKHQTPKC 32 33 NCVQUJC"P0. + + 34 Rnckpvkhh. + + 35 + x0 + 36 + CPFTGY"O0"UCWN."Eqookuukqpgt"qh + 37 Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{"Cfokpkuvtcvkqp. + + 38 + Fghgpfcpv0 + 39 + + """"""""""""""""""""" 3: Ecug"Pq0""GF"EX"3:/4697/UR OGOQTCPFWO"QRKPKQP"CPF QTFGT 3; K0 42 KPVTQFWEVKQP 43 Qp"Pqxgodgt"48."423:."rnckpvkhh"Ncvqujc"P0"hkngf"c"eqornckpv"cickpuv 44 fghgpfcpv."vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"qh"Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{"Cfokpkuvtcvkqp"*ÐEqookuukqpgtÑ+. 45 uggmkpi"c"tgxkgy"qh"c"fgpkcn"qh"c"rgtkqf"qh"fkucdknkv{."fkucdknkv{"kpuwtcpeg"dgpghkvu 46 *ÐFKDÑ+."cpf"uwrrngogpvcn"ugewtkv{"kpeqog"*ÐUUKÑ+0""Vjg"rctvkgu"jcxg"hwnn{"dtkghgf 47 vjg"ocvvgtu"kp"fkurwvg."cpf"vjg"eqwtv"fggou"vjg"ocvvgt"uwkvcdng"hqt"cflwfkecvkqp 48 ykvjqwv"qtcn"ctiwogpv0 49 Rnckpvkhh"rtgugpvu"vjtgg"fkurwvgf"kuuwgu"hqt"fgekukqp<"*3+"yjgvjgt"vjg 4: 3 Dockets.Justia.com 3 cfokpkuvtcvkxg"ncy"lwfig"*ÐCNLÑ+"rtqrgtn{"kpenwfgf"cnn"nkokvcvkqpu"qrkpgf"d{"vjg 4 gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcp"kp"jku"tgukfwcn"hwpevkqpcn"ecrcekv{"*ÐTHEÑ+"fgvgtokpcvkqp="*4+ 5 yjgvjgt"vjg"CNL"rtqrgtn{"eqpukfgtgf"ykvpguu"vguvkoqp{="cpf"*5+"yjgvjgt"rnckpvkhh 6 ku"gpvkvngf"vq"c"pgy"jgctkpi"dgecwug"jgt"ecug"ycu"cflwfkecvgf"d{"cp 7 wpeqpuvkvwvkqpcnn{"crrqkpvgf"CNL0""Ogoqtcpfwo"kp"Uwrrqtv"qh"RnckpvkhhÓu 8 Eqornckpv"*ÐR0"Ogo0Ñ+"cv";/47="see"FghgpfcpvÓu"Ogoqtcpfwo"kp"Uwrrqtv"qh 9 FghgpfcpvÓu"Cpuygt"*ÐF0"Ogo0Ñ+"cv"5/440 : Jcxkpi"ectghwnn{"uvwfkgf"vjg"rctvkguÓ"ogoqtcpfc"qp"vjg"kuuwgu"kp"fkurwvg."vjg ; Cfokpkuvtcvkxg"Tgeqtf"*ÐCTÑ+."cpf"vjg"fgekukqp"qh"vjg"CNL."vjg"eqwtv"eqpenwfgu 32 vjcv."cu"fgvckngf"jgtgkp."vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"ekvg"ngicnn{"uwhhkekgpv"tgcuqpu"hqt"pqv 33 kpenwfkpi"egtvckp"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jku"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp"cpf"hckngf"vq"rtqrgtn{ 34 eqpukfgt"ykvpguu"vguvkoqp{0""Vjg"eqwtv"vjgtghqtg"tgocpfu"vjku"ocvvgt"vq"vjg 35 Eqookuukqpgt"kp"ceeqtfcpeg"ykvj"vjg"rtkpekrngu"cpf"kpuvtwevkqpu"gpwpekcvgf"kp"vjku 36 Ogoqtcpfwo"Qrkpkqp"cpf"Qtfgt0 37 KK0 38 HCEVWCN"CPF"RTQEGFWTCN"DCEMITQWPF 39 Rnckpvkhh."yjq"ycu"59"{gctu"qnf"qp"vjg"cnngigf"fkucdknkv{"qpugv"fcvg. 3: eqorngvgf"jkij"uejqqn"cpf"jcu"c"nkegpugf"xqecvkqpcn"pwtug"egtvkhkecvkqp0""CT"cv"6;. 3; 97."5;:0""Ujg"jcu"rcuv"tgngxcpv"yqtm"cu"c"pwtug"cuukuvcpv."nkegpugf"rtcevkecn"pwtug. 42 cpf"ftkxgt0""Id0"cv"770 43 Qp"Qevqdgt"44."4236."rnckpvkhh"hkngf"crrnkecvkqpu"hqt"c"rgtkqf"qh"fkucdknkv{. 44 FKD."cpf"UUK"fwg"vq"c"uvtqmg."copgukc."cpf"mpgg."ujqwnfgt."cpf"jkr"rtqdngou0""Id0 45 cv"97/98.":7/:80""Vjg"crrnkecvkqpu"ygtg"fgpkgf"kpkvkcnn{"cpf"wrqp"tgeqpukfgtcvkqp. 46 chvgt"yjkej"rnckpvkhh"hkngf"c"tgswguv"hqt"c"jgctkpi0""Id0"cv"355/6;0 47 Qp"Cwiwuv"4:."4239."vjg"CNL"jgnf"c"jgctkpi0""Id0"63/960""Rnckpvkhh. 48 tgrtgugpvgf"d{"eqwpugn."crrgctgf"cpf"vguvkhkgf"cv"vjg"jgctkpi0""Id0""Vjg"CNL"cnuq 49 jgctf"vguvkoqp{"htqo"Xgtqpkec"Jgpuqp."rnckpvkhhÓu"oqvjgt."cpf"Ucpftc"Hkqtgvvk."c 4: 4 3 xqecvkqpcn"gzrgtv0""Id0"cv"77."86/950""Qp"Fgegodgt":."4239."vjg"CNL"fgpkgf 4 rnckpvkhhÓu"enckou"hqt"dgpghkvu0""Id0"cv"43/560 5 Crrn{kpi"vjg"ygnn/mpqyp"hkxg/uvgr"ugswgpvkcn"gxcnwcvkqp"rtqeguu."vjg"CNL 6 hqwpf."cv"uvgr"qpg."vjcv"rnckpvkhh"jcf"pqv"gpicigf"kp"uwduvcpvkcn"ickphwn"cevkxkv{ 7 ukpeg"Fgegodgt"47."4234."vjg"cnngigf"qpugv"fcvg0""Id."cv"450 8 Cv"uvgr"vyq."vjg"CNL"hqwpf"rnckpvkhh"uwhhgtgf"htqo"vjg"hqnnqykpi"ugxgtg 9 korcktogpvu<""uvtqmg="unkijv"fgetgcugf"uvtgpivj"kp"vjg"tkijv"cto"cpf"tkijv"ngi : ugeqpfct{"vq"egtgdtqxcuewnct"ceekfgpv="quvgqctvjtkvku"qh"vjg"jkru="nwodqucetcn ; owuewnqnkicogpvqwu"uvtckp="chhgevkxg"fkuqtfgt1fgrtguukqp="cpf"eqipkvkxg"fkuqtfgt0" 32 Id0"cv"460 33 Cv"uvgr"vjtgg."vjg"CNL"hqwpf"rnckpvkhhÓu"korcktogpvu."yjgvjgt"kpfkxkfwcnn{"qt 34 kp"eqodkpcvkqp."fkf"pqv"oggv"qt"ogfkecnn{"gswcn"qpg"qh"vjg"nkuvgf"korcktogpvu"ugv 35 hqtvj"kp"42"E0H0T0"rctv"626."Uwdrctv"R."Crrgpfkz"30""Id." 36 Vjg"CNL"vjgp"cuuguugf"rnckpvkhhÓu"THE.3"cpf"fgvgtokpgf"rnckpvkhh"jcf"vjg 37 THE"vq"rgthqto"nkijv"yqtm"ykvj"vjg"nkokvcvkqpu"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"eqwnf<"nkhv."ectt{."rwuj. 38 cpf"rwnn"wr"vq"42"rqwpfu"qeecukqpcnn{"cpf"32"rqwpfu"htgswgpvn{="ukv."uvcpf."cpf 39 ycnm"hqt"ukz"jqwtu"qwv"qh"cp"gkijv/jqwt"yqtmfc{="qeecukqpcnn{"enkod"tcoru."uvcktu. 3: ncffgtu."tqrgu."cpf"uechhqnfu="qeecukqpcnn{"dcncpeg"cpf"uvqqr="cpf"htgswgpvn{"mpggn. 3; etqwej."cpf"etcyn0""Id0"cv"480""Vjg"CNL"hwtvjgt"fgvgtokpgf"rnckpvkhh"ujqwnf"dg 42 nkokvgf"vq"lqdu"ykvj<"ukorng."tqwvkpg."cpf"tgrgvkvkxg"vcumu="ukorng"yqtm/tgncvgf 43 fgekukqpu="nkvvng"ejcpig"kp"yqtm"ugvvkpi"cu"vq"rceg"qt"rtqeguu="cpf"qpn{"qeecukqpcn 44 kpvgtcevkqp"ykvj"vjg"igpgtcn"rwdnke0""Id0"" 45 46 47 48 49 4: """""3 Tgukfwcn"hwpevkqpcn"ecrcekv{"ku"yjcv"c"enckocpv"ecp"fq"fgurkvg"gzkuvkpi gzgtvkqpcn"cpf"pqpgzgtvkqpcn"nkokvcvkqpu0""Cooper v. Sullivan."::2"H04f"3374."3377/ 78"p07/9"*;vj"Ekt0"3;:;+0""ÐDgvyggp"uvgru"vjtgg"cpf"hqwt"qh"vjg"hkxg/uvgr"gxcnwcvkqp. vjg"CNL"owuv"rtqeggf"vq"cp"kpvgtogfkcvg"uvgr"kp"yjkej"vjg"CNL"cuuguugu"vjg enckocpvÓu"tgukfwcn"hwpevkqpcn"ecrcekv{0Ñ""Massachi v. Astrue."6:8"H05f"336;."3373 p04"*;vj"Ekt0"4229+0 5 3 Vjg"CNL"hqwpf."cv"uvgr"hqwt."vjcv"rnckpvkhh"ycu"wpcdng"vq"rgthqto"jgt"rcuv 4 tgngxcpv"yqtm"cu"c"pwtug"cuukuvcpv."nkegpegf"rtcevkecn"pwtug."cpf"ftkxgt0""Id0"cv"53/ 5 540"" 6 Cv"uvgr"hkxg."vjg"CNL"hqwpf"vjgtg"ygtg"lqdu"vjcv"gzkuvgf"kp"ukipkhkecpv 7 pwodgtu"kp"vjg"pcvkqpcn"geqpqo{"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"eqwnf"rgthqto."kpenwfkpi"vq{ 8 cuugodngt."rncuvke"jqurkvcn"rtqfwevu"cuugodngt."cpf"uocnn"rtqfwevu"cuugodngt"KK0" 9 Id0"cv"550""Eqpugswgpvn{."vjg"CNL"eqpenwfgf"rnckpvkhh"fkf"pqv"uwhhgt"htqo"c : fkucdknkv{"cu"fghkpgf"d{"vjg"Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{"Cev0""Id."cv"56 ; Rnckpvkhh"hkngf"c"vkogn{"tgswguv"hqt"tgxkgy"qh"vjg"CNLÓu"fgekukqp."dwv"vjg 32 Crrgcnu"Eqwpekn"fgpkgf"vjg"tgswguv"hqt"tgxkgy0""Id."cv"4/60""Vjg"CNLÓu"fgekukqp 33 uvcpfu"cu"vjg"hkpcn"fgekukqp"qh"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt0"" 34 KKK0 35 UVCPFCTF"QH"TGXKGY 36 Vjku"eqwtv"ku"gorqygtgf"vq"tgxkgy"fgekukqpu"d{"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"vq"fgp{ 37 dgpghkvu0""64"W0U0E0"¸"627*i+0""Vjg"hkpfkpiu"cpf"fgekukqp"qh"vjg"Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{ 38 Cfokpkuvtcvkqp"owuv"dg"wrjgnf"kh"vjg{"ctg"htgg"qh"ngicn"gttqt"cpf"uwrrqtvgf"d{ 39 uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg0""Mayes v. Massanari."498"H05f"675."67:/7;"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+ 3: *cu"cogpfgf+0""Dwv"kh"vjg"eqwtv"fgvgtokpgu"vjg"CNLÓu"hkpfkpiu"ctg"dcugf"qp"ngicn 3; gttqt"qt"ctg"pqv"uwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"kp"vjg"tgeqtf."vjg"eqwtv"oc{ 42 tglgev"vjg"hkpfkpiu"cpf"ugv"cukfg"vjg"fgekukqp"vq"fgp{"dgpghkvu0" Aukland v. 43 Massanari."479"H05f"3255."3257"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+="Tonapetyan v. Halter."464"H05f 44 3366."3369"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+0 45 ÐUwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"ku"oqtg"vjcp"c"ogtg"uekpvknnc."dwv"nguu"vjcp"c 46 rtgrqpfgtcpeg0Ñ""Aukland."479"H05f"cv"32570""Uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"ku"uwej 47 Ðtgngxcpv"gxkfgpeg"yjkej"c"tgcuqpcdng"rgtuqp"okijv"ceegrv"cu"cfgswcvg"vq"uwrrqtv 48 c"eqpenwukqp0Ñ""Reddick v. Chater."379"H05f"937."942"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;:+="Mayes."498 49 H05f"cv"67;0""Vq"fgvgtokpg"yjgvjgt"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"uwrrqtvu"vjg"CNLÓu 4: 6 3 hkpfkpi."vjg"tgxkgykpi"eqwtv"owuv"tgxkgy"vjg"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"tgeqtf"cu"c"yjqng. 4 Ðygkijkpi"dqvj"vjg"gxkfgpeg"vjcv"uwrrqtvu"cpf"vjg"gxkfgpeg"vjcv"fgvtcevu"htqo"vjg 5 CNLÓu"eqpenwukqp0Ñ""Mayes."498"H05f"cv"67;0""Vjg"CNLÓu"fgekukqp"ÐÒecppqv"dg 6 chhktogf"ukorn{"d{"kuqncvkpi"c"urgekhke"swcpvwo"qh"uwrrqtvkpi"gxkfgpeg0ÓÑ" 7 Aukland."479"H05f"cv"3257"*swqvkpi"Sousa v. Callahan."365"H05f"3462."3465"*;vj 8 Ekt0"3;;:++0""Kh"vjg"gxkfgpeg"ecp"tgcuqpcdn{"uwrrqtv"gkvjgt"chhktokpi"qt"tgxgtukpi 9 vjg"CNLÓu"fgekukqp."vjg"tgxkgykpi"eqwtv"ÐÒoc{"pqv"uwduvkvwvg"kvu"lwfiogpv"hqt"vjcv : qh"vjg"CNL0ÓÑ""Id."*swqvkpi"Matney v. Sullivan.";:3"H04f"3238."323:"*;vj"Ekt0 ; 3;;4++0 32 KX0 33 FKUEWUUKQP 34 C0 Vjg"CNL"Hckngf"vq"Rtqrgtn{"Kpenwfg"Cnn"Rwtrqtvgfn{"Ceegrvgf 35 Nkokvcvkqpu"kp"Jku"THE"Fgvgtokpcvkqp 36 Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg"CNLÓu"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp"ycu"pqv"uwrrqtvgf"d{ 37 uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"dgecwug"vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"rtqrgtn{"kpenwfg"cnn"qh"Ft0"Octictgv 38 FqpqjwgÓu"qrkpgf"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jku"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp0""R0"Ogo0"cv";/370" 39 Urgekhkecnn{."rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg"CNL"gttgf"d{"hcknkpi"vq"ikxgp"cp{"gzrncpcvkqp"hqt 3: pqv"cfqrvkpi"cnn"qh"vjg"qrkpgf"nkokvcvkqpu"cuuguugf"d{"eqpuwnvcvkxg"gzcokpgt."Ft0 3; Fqpqjwg."fgurkvg"uvcvkpi"jg"icxg"uwduvcpvkcn"ygkijv"vq"jgt"qrkpkqp0""Id0 42 Tgukfwcn"hwpevkqpcn"ecrcekv{"ku"yjcv"qpg"Ðecp"uvknn"fq"fgurkvg"]jku"qt"jgt_ 43 nkokvcvkqpu0Ñ""42"E0H0T0"¸¸"62603767*c+*3+."6380;67*c+*3+0""Vjg"Eqookuukqpgt 44 tgcejgu"cp"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp"d{"tgxkgykpi"cpf"eqpukfgtkpi"cnn"qh"vjg"tgngxcpv 45 gxkfgpeg0""Id.""Coqpi"vjg"gxkfgpeg"vjg"CNL"eqpukfgtu"ku"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg0""42 46 E0H0T0"¸¸"62603749*d+."6380;49*d+04""Kp"gxcnwcvkpi"ogfkecn"qrkpkqpu."vjg 47 tgiwncvkqpu"fkuvkpiwkuj"coqpi"vjtgg"v{rgu"qh"rj{ukekcpu<""*3+"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcpu= 48 49 """""4 Cnn"tgiwncvkqpu"ekvgf"kp"vjku"qrkpkqp"ctg"crrnkecdng"vq"enckou"hkngf"dghqtg 4: Octej"49."42390 7 3 *4+"gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcpu="cpf"*5+"pqp/gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcpu0""42"E0H0T0" 4 ¸¸"62603749*e+."*g+."6380;49*e+."*g+="Lester v. Chater.":3"H05f":43.":52"*;vj"Ekt0 5 3;;8+"*cu"cogpfgf+0""ÐIgpgtcnn{."c"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu"qrkpkqp"ecttkgu"oqtg 6 ygkijv"vjcp"cp"gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu."cpf"cp"gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu"qrkpkqp 7 ecttkgu"oqtg"ygkijv"vjcp"c"tgxkgykpi"rj{ukekcpÓu0Ñ""Holohan v. Massanari."468 8 H05f"33;7."3424"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+="42"E0H0T0"¸¸"62603749*e+*3+/*4+."6380;49*e+*3+/ 9 *4+0""Vjg"qrkpkqp"qh"vjg"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcp"ku"igpgtcnn{"ikxgp"vjg"itgcvguv"ygkijv : dgecwug"vjg"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcp"ku"gornq{gf"vq"ewtg"cpf"jcu"c"itgcvgt"qrrqtvwpkv{"vq ; wpfgtuvcpf"cpf"qdugtxg"c"enckocpv0" Smolen v. Chater.":2"H05f"3495."34:7"*;vj"Ekt0 32 3;;8+="Magallanes v. Bowen."::3"H04f"969."973"*;vj"Ekt0"3;:;+0 33 Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"CNL"ku"pqv"dqwpf"d{"vjg"qrkpkqp"qh"vjg"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcp0" 34 Smolen.":2"H05f"cv"34:70""Kh"c"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu"qrkpkqp"ku"wpeqpvtcfkevgf."vjg 35 CNL"owuv"rtqxkfg"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"hqt"ikxkpi"kv"nguu"ygkijv0""Lester. 36 :3"H05f"cv":520""Kh"vjg"vtgcvkpi"rj{ukekcpÓu"qrkpkqp"ku"eqpvtcfkevgf"d{"qvjgt 37 qrkpkqpu."vjg"CNL"owuv"rtqxkfg"urgekhke"cpf"ngikvkocvg"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{ 38 uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt"tglgevkpi"kv0""Id. Nkmgykug."vjg"CNL"owuv"rtqxkfg"urgekhke 39 cpf"ngikvkocvg"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"kp"tglgevkpi"vjg 3: eqpvtcfkevgf"qrkpkqpu"qh"gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcpu0" Id."cv":52/530" Vjg"qrkpkqp"qh"c 3; pqp/gzcokpkpi"rj{ukekcp."uvcpfkpi"cnqpg."ecppqv"eqpuvkvwvg"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg0" 42 Widmark v. Barnhart."676"H05f"3285."3288"p04"*;vj"Ekt0"4228+="Morgan v. 43 Comm’r."38;"H05f"7;7."824"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;;+="see also Erickson v. Shalala.";"H05f 44 :35.":3:"p09"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;5+0 45 30 Ft0"Octictgv"Fqpqjwg 46 Ft0"Fqpqjwg."cp"gzcokpkpi"ru{ejqnqikuv.5"gzcokpgf"rnckpvkhh"qp"Ugrvgodgt 47 5 48 """"" Ru{ejqnqikuvu"ctg"eqpukfgtgf"ceegrvcdng"ogfkecn"uqwtegu"yjqug"qrkpkqpu"ctg ceeqtfgf"vjg"ucog"ygkijv"cu"rj{ukekcpu0""42"E0H0T0"¸¸"62603735*c+*4+. 49 6380;35*c+*4+0""Ceeqtfkpin{."hqt"gcug"qh"tghgtgpeg."vjg"eqwtv"yknn"tghgt"vq"cnn 4: ru{ejqnqikuvu"cu"rj{ukekcpu0 8 3 33."42370""CT"cv"5;8/6240""Ft0"Fqpqjwg"tgxkgygf"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogfkecn"tgeqtfu. 4 eqpfwevgf"c"ogpvcn"uvcvwu"gzcokpcvkqp."cpf"cfokpkuvgtgf"vguvu0""See id0""Ft0 5 Fqpqjwg"qdugtxgf"rnckpvkhhÓu"urggej"ycu"f{uctvjtke."ujg"jcf"rtqdngou"hkpfkpi 6 yqtfu."cpf"ujg"jcf"rtqdngou"ykvj"okuwukpi"yqtfu0""Id0"cv"5;90""Rnckpvkhh"ycu"cdng 7 vq"urgnn"owuke"dwv"yjgp"cumgf"vq"urgnn"kv"kp"tgxgtug."ujg"uvqrrgf"chvgt"ÐeÑ"cpf"dwtuv 8 kpvq"vgctu0""Id0""Rnckpvkhh"ycu"cdng"vq"tgecnn"yqtfu"cpf"tgrgcv"c"eqorngz"rjtcug."dwv 9 fkurnc{gf"kuuwgu"ykvj"rtqeguukpi"urggf"cpf"korcktgf"lwfiogpv0""Id0"cv"5;;0" : RnckpvkhhÓu"rgtegpvkng"tcpm"ycu"47vj"kp"rctv"C"qh"vjg"Vtckn"Ocmkpi"Vguv"cpf"dgnqy ; vjg"32vj"qp"rctv"D."dgvyggp"qpg"cpf"hqwt"qp"vjg"Ygejungt"Cfwnv"Kpvgnnkigpeg"Uecng. 32 cpf"203"rgtegpvkng"tcpm"qp"vjg"Ygejungt"Ogoqt{"Uecng0""See id0"cv"5;;/6220"" 33 Dcugf"qp"vjg"gzcokpcvkqp."jkuvqt{."tgeqtfu."cpf"vguvu."Ft0"Fqpqjwg 34 fkcipqugf"ykvj"eqipkvkxg"fkuqtfgt."pqv"qvjgtykug"urgekhkgf="oclqt"fgrtguukqp="cpf 35 dqtfgtnkpg"kpvgnngev0""Id0"cv"622/230""Ft0"Fqpqjwg"pqvgf"rnckpvkhhÓu"hwpevkqpkpi"ycu 36 kp"vjg"dqtfgtnkpg"tcpig"qh"cdknkv{"fwg"vq"jgt"rtqeguukpi"urggf"cpf"jgt"kpvgnngev 37 vguvkpi"ycu"kp"vjg"oknfn{"kpvgnngevwcnn{"fghkekgpv"tcpig"fwg"vq"rtqdngou"ykvj"oqvqt 38 urggf0""Id0""Ft0"Fqpqjwg"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"yqwnf"jcxg"oknf"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jgt"cdknkv{ 39 vq<"wpfgtuvcpf."tgogodgt."cpf"ectt{"qwv"ujqtv."ukornkuvke"kpuvtwevkqpu="cpf"ocmg 3: ukornkuvke"yqtm/tgncvgf"fgekukqpu"ykvjqwv"urgekcn"uwrgtxkukqp0""Id0"cv"6230""Ft0 3; Fqpqjwg"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"yqwnf"jcxg"oqfgtcvg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jgt"cdknkv{"vq< 42 wpfgtuvcpf."tgogodgt."cpf"ectt{"qwv"fgvckngf"cpf"eqorngz"kpuvtwevkqpu="eqorn{ 43 ykvj"lqd"twngu"uwej"cu"uchgv{"cpf"cvvgpfcpeg="tgurqpf"vq"ejcpig"kp"c"pqtocn 44 yqtmrnceg"ugvvkpi="cpf"kpvgtcev"crrtqrtkcvgn{"ykvj"uwrgtxkuqtu."eqyqtmgtu."cpf 45 rggtu"qp"c"eqpukuvgpv"dcuku0""Id0""Hkpcnn{."Ft0"Fqpqjwg"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"yqwnf"jcxg 46 ugxgtg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"ockpvckpkpi"rgtukuvgpeg"cpf"rceg"kp"c"pqtocn"yqtmrnceg 47 ugvvkpi0""Id0 48 40 Ft0"Igqtig"Itwddu 49 Ft0"Igqtig"Itwddu."c"uvcvg"cigpe{"rj{ukekcp."tgxkgygf"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogfkecn 4: 9 3 tgeqtfu"cpf"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"qrkpkqp0""See id0"cv"324/250""Ft0"Itwddu"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh 4 yqwnf"dg"cdng"vq"eqorngvg"ukorng"vcumu."ocmg"yqtm"fgekukqpu."dg"uqekcnn{ 5 crrtqrtkcvg."cpf"ceegrv"etkvkswg"htqo"uwrgtxkuqtu0""Id0"cv"32:0""Dwv"rnckpvkhh"yqwnf 6 jcxg"fkhhkewnvkgu"ockpvckpkpi"cvvgpvkqp"cpf"eqpegpvtcvkqp"hqt"gzvgpfgf"rgtkqfu. 7 ectt{kpi"qwv"fgvckngf"kpuvtwevkqpu."cpf"eqqrgtcvkpi"ykvj"qvjgtu0""Id0""Ft0"Fqpqjwg 8 qrkpgf"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogpvcn"korcktogpv"fkf"pqv"crrgct"vq"dg"qh"Ðfkucdnkpi 9 rtqrqtvkqpuÑ"cpf"rnckpvkhh"eqwnf"rgthqto"ukorng."wpumknngf"tgrgvkvkxg"cuukipogpvu : cpf"vcumu0""Id0"cv"32;0 ; 32 50 Vjg"CNLÓu"Hkpfkpiu Kp"tgcejkpi"jku"ogpvcn"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp."vjg"CNL"icxg"itgcv"ygkijv"vq"Ft0 33 FqpqjwgÓu"cpf"Ft0"ItwdduÓu"qrkpkqpu0""Id"cv"52/530""Ykvj"tgurgev"vq"Ft0"Fqpqjwg. 34 vjg"CNL"pqvgf"Ft0"Fqpqjwg"ycu"cdng"vq"gzcokpg"rnckpvkhh"cpf"jgt"qrkpkqp"ycu 35 uwrrqtvgf"d{"vjg"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg"cpf"vtgcvogpv"tgeqtfu0""" 36 Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjcv."fgurkvg"gzrtguun{"ikxkpi"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"qrkpkqp"itgcv 37 ygkijv."vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"cfqrv"cnn"qh"jgt"cuuguugf"nkokvcvkqpu."urgekhkecnn{"vjg 38 oqfgtcvg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"rnckpvkhhÓu"cdknkv{"vq"kpvgtcev"crrtqrtkcvgn{"ykvj"uwrgtxkuqtu. 39 eqyqtmgtu."cpf"rggtu"qp"c"eqpukuvgpv"dcuku="oqfgtcvg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jgt"cdknkv{ 3: eqorn{"ykvj"cvvgpfcpeg="cpf"ugxgtg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jgt"cdknkv{"vq"ockpvckp 3; rgtukuvgpeg"cpf"rceg"kp"c"pqtocn"yqtmrnceg"ugvvkpi0""R0"Ogo0"cv"32/36="see CT"cv 42 6230""Fghgpfcpv"fkucitggu"cpf"eqpvgpfu"vjg"CNL"rtqrgtn{"vtcpuncvgf"vjg"qrkpgf 43 nkokvcvkqpu"hqwpf"d{"Ft0"Fqpqjwg"cpf"Ft0"Itwddu"kpvq"jku"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp0""F0 44 Ogo0"cv"7/90""Vjg"eqwtv"citggu"vjg"CNL"gttgf"kp"hcknkpi"vq"kpenwfg"vjg"nkokvcvkqpu 45 ykvjqwv"gzrncpcvkqp0 46 Hktuv."ykvj"tgictf"vq"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"qrkpkqp"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"yqwnf"jcxg 47 oqfgtcvg"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jgt"cdknkv{"vq"kpvgtcev"crrtqrtkcvgn{"ykvj"uwrgtxkuqtu. 48 eqyqtmgtu."cpf"rggtu"qp"c"eqpukuvgpv"dcuku."vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"kpenwfg"uwej"c 49 nkokvcvkqp"kp"jku"THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp0""*Ft0"Itwddu"cnuq"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"yqwnf"jcxg 4: : 3 fkhhkewnvkgu"eqqrgtcvkpi"ykvj"qvjgtu0""CT"cv"32:0+""Cnvjqwij"vjg"CNL"nkokvgf 4 rnckpvkhh"vq"qpn{"qeecukqpcn"kpvgtcevkqp"ykvj"vjg"igpgtcn"rwdnke."jg"hckngf"vq"rtqxkfg 5 cp{"tgcuqp."owej"nguu"c"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqp."yj{"jg"hckngf"vq"ukoknctn{ 6 nkokv"rnckpvkhhÓu"kpvgtcevkqpu"ykvj"uwrgtxkuqtu"cpf"eqyqtmgtu0"" 7 Ugeqpf."Ft0"Fqpqjwg"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"yqwnf"dg"oqfgtcvgn{"nkokvgf"kp"jgt 8 cdknkv{"vq"eqorn{"ykvj"lqd"twngu"uwej"cu"cvvgpfcpeg0""Id0"cv"6230""Fghgpfcpv 9 eqttgevn{"pqvgu"Ft0"ItwdduÓu"qrkpkqp"eqpvtcfkevgf"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"qrkpkqp"kp"vjku : tgictf0""F0"Ogo0"cv"80""Ft0"Itwddu"qrkpgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"pqv"ukipkhkecpvn{"nkokvgf"kp ; jgt"cdknkv{"vq"ockpvckp"tgiwnct"cvvgpfcpeg0""Id0"cv"3290""Fghgpfcpv"cnuq"eqttgevn{ 32 pqvgu"vjcv"cp"CNL"ku"pqv"tgswktgf"vq"cfqrv"c"ogfkecn"qrkpkqp"kp"kvu"gpvktgv{0""See 33 Magallanes."::3"H04f"cv"975/976"*cp"CNL"fqgu"pqv"jcxg"vq"cfqrv"c"rj{ukekcpÓu 34 qrkpkqp"kp"kvu"gpvktgv{"cpf"ecp"rtqrgtn{"tglgev"rqtvkqpu"qh"kv+0""Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"CNL 35 owuv"rtqxkfg"urgekhke"cpf"ngikvkocvg"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt 36 tglgevkpi"c"eqpvtcfkevgf"qrkpkqp0""Vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"fq"uq"jgtg0 37 Hkpcnn{."fghgpfcpv"eqpvgpfu"vjg"CNLÓu"nkokvcvkqp"qh"rnckpvkhh"vq"yqtm"vjcv 38 tgswktgf"Ðnkvvng"ejcpig"kp"yqtm"ugvvkpi"cu"vq"rceg"qt"rtqeguuÑ"uwhhkekgpvn{ 39 kpeqtrqtcvgf"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"qrkpkqp"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"ycu"ugxgtgn{"nkokvgf"kp"jgt 3: cdknkv{"ockpvckp"rgtukuvgpeg"qt"rceg0""F0"Ogo"cv"7="CT"cv"6230""FghgpfcpvÓu 3; kpvgtrtgvcvkqp"qh"vjg"vyq"nkokvcvkqpu"cu"gswkxcngpv"ku"rncwukdng0""Kv"ku"cnuq"rquukdng 42 vjg"CNLÓu"Ðnkvvng"ejcpig"kp"yqtm"ugvvkpi"cu"vq"rceg"qt"rtqeguuÑ"nkokvcvkqp 43 kpeqtrqtcvgf"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"qrkpkqp"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"ycu"nkokvgf"kp"jgt"cdknkv{ 44 tgurqpf"vq"ejcpig"kp"c"yqtmrnceg"ugvvkpi"tcvjgt"vjcp"jgt"cdknkv{"ockpvckp"rceg"cpf 45 rgtukuvgpeg"vjtqwijqwv"vjg"fc{0""Dgecwug"vjg"eqwtv"ku"tgocpfkpi"vjku"ecug."vjg"CNL 46 oc{"enctkh{"jku"nkokvcvkqp0 47 Kp"uwo."vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"rtqxkfg"ngicnn{"uwhhkekgpv"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{ 48 uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt"qokvvkpi"egtvckp"qh"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"qrkpgf"nkokvcvkqpu"kp"jku 49 THE"fgvgtokpcvkqp0 4: ; 3 D0 Vjg"CNL"Hckngf"vq"Rtqrgtn{"Eqpukfgt"Ykvpguu"Vguvkoqp{ 4 Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"rtqrgtn{"eqpukfgt"jgt"cpf"Xgtqpkec 5 JgpuqpÓu"vguvkoqp{0""R0"Ogo0"cv"37/420""Urgekhkecnn{."rnckpvkhh"eqpvgpfu"vjg"CNL 6 hckngf"vq"rtqxkfg"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg 7 hqt"fkueqwpvkpi"jgt"etgfkdknkv{"cpf"igtocpg"tgcuqpu"hqt"tglgevkpi"JgpuqpÓu 8 vguvkoqp{0""Id0 9 30 RnckpvkhhÓu"Vguvkoqp{ : Cv"vjg"jgctkpi."rnckpvkhh"vguvkhkgf"ujg"ycu"qhvgp"cv"c"nquu"hqt"yqtfu"cpf"jcf ; rtqdngou"ykvj"ogoqt{."eqpegpvtcvkqp."cpf"hqewu0""CT"cv"7;."840""Rnckpvkhh"uvcvgf 32 jgt"oqvjgt"vqqm"jgt"itqegt{"ujqrrkpi"cpf"vq"jgt"crrqkpvogpvu."mgrv"vtcem"qh"jgt 33 crrqkpvogpvu."cpf"rckf"jgt"dknnu0""Id0"cv"7;/820""Rnckpvkhh"eqwnf"vcmg"ectg"qh"vjkpiu 34 ctqwpf"vjg"jqwug"uwej"cu"vkf{kpi"wr"cpf"vcmkpi"ectg"qh"vjg"fqi0""Id0"cv"820""Kp"jgt 35 Hwpevkqp"Tgrqtv."fcvgf"Crtkn"6."4237."rnckpvkhh"uvcvgf"ujg"vqqm"c"nqpi"vkog"vq"ocmg 36 ukorng"fgekukqpu."jcf"unqy"eqortgjgpukqp."eqwnf"pqv"jcpfng"uvtguuhwn"ukvwcvkqpu. 37 cpf"iqv"cikvcvgf"gcukn{0""Id0"cv"493."4990""Qp"c"fckn{"dcuku."rnckpvkhh"ftqrrgf"qhh"cpf 38 rkemgf"wr"jgt"fcwijvgt"htqo"uejqqn."rgthqtogf"jqwugjqnf"ejqtgu."cpf"eqqmgf0""Id0 39 cv"4940"" 3: Cp"CNL"owuv"ocmg"urgekhke"etgfkdknkv{"hkpfkpiu."uwrrqtvgf"d{"vjg"tgeqtf0" 3; Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{"Twnkpi"*ÐUUTÑ+";8/9r0""Vq"fgvgtokpg"yjgvjgt"vguvkoqp{ 42 eqpegtpkpi"u{orvqou"ku"etgfkdng."cp"CNL"gpicigu"kp"c"vyq/uvgr"cpcn{uku0" 43 Lingenfelter v. Astrue."726"H05f"324:."3257/58"*;vj"Ekt0"4229+0""Hktuv."cp"CNL"owuv 44 fgvgtokpg"yjgvjgt"c"enckocpv"rtqfwegf"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg"qh"cp 45 wpfgtn{kpi"korcktogpv"ÐÒyjkej"eqwnf"tgcuqpcdn{"dg"gzrgevgf"vq"rtqfweg"vjg"rckp 46 qt"qvjgt"u{orvqou"cnngigf0ÓÑ""Id. cv"3258"*swqvkpi"Bunnell v. Sullivan.";69"H04f 47 563."566"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;3+"*gp"dcpe++0""Ugeqpf."kh"vjgtg"ku"pq"gxkfgpeg"qh 48 ocnkpigtkpi."cp"ÐCNL"ecp"tglgev"vjg"enckocpvÓu"vguvkoqp{"cdqwv"vjg"ugxgtkv{"qh"jgt 49 u{orvqou"qpn{"d{"qhhgtkpi"urgekhke."engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"hqt"fqkpi"uq0Ñ" 4: 32 3 Smolen.":2"H05f"cv"34:3="accord"Burrell v. Colvin."997"H05f"3355."3358"*;vj"Ekt0 4 4236+0""Cp"CNL"oc{"eqpukfgt"ugxgtcn"hcevqtu"kp"ygkijkpi"c"enckocpvÓu"vguvkoqp{. 5 kpenwfkpi<"*3+"qtfkpct{"vgejpkswgu"qh"etgfkdknkv{"gxcnwcvkqp"uwej"cu"c"enckocpvÓu 6 tgrwvcvkqp"hqt"n{kpi="*4+"vjg"hcknwtg"vq"uggm"vtgcvogpv"qt"hqnnqy"c"rtguetkdgf"eqwtug 7 qh"vtgcvogpv="cpf"*5+"c"enckocpvÓu"fckn{"cevkxkvkgu0""Tommasetti v. Astrue."755"H05f 8 3257."325;"*;vj"Ekt0"422:+="Bunnell.";69"H04f"cv"568/690 "" 9 Cv"vjg"hktuv"uvgr."vjg"CNL"jgtg"hqwpf"rnckpvkhhÓu"ogfkecnn{"fgvgtokpcdng : korcktogpvu"eqwnf"tgcuqpcdn{"dg"gzrgevgf"vq"ecwug"vjg"u{orvqou"cnngigf0""CT"cv ; 490""Cv"vjg"ugeqpf"uvgr."dgecwug"vjg"CNL"fkf"pqv"hkpf"cp{"gxkfgpeg"qh"ocnkpigtkpi. 32 vjg"CNL"ycu"tgswktgf"vq"rtqxkfg"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"hqt"fkueqwpvkpi 33 rnckpvkhhÓu"vguvkoqp{0""Vjg"CNL"rtqxkfgf"vyq"tgcuqpu"hqt"fkueqwpvkpi"rnckpvkhhÓu 34 vguvkoqp{<"*3+"jgt"cevkxkvkgu"qh"fckn{"nkxkpi"ygtg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"jgt"cnngigf 35 u{orvqou="cpf"*4+"jgt"cnngigf"nkokvcvkqpu"ygtg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"qdlgevkxg 36 ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg0 37 Kpeqpukuvgpe{"dgvyggp"c"enckocpvÓu"cnngigf"u{orvqou"cpf"jgt"fckn{ 38 cevkxkvkgu"oc{"dg"c"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqp"vq"hkpf"c"enckocpv"nguu"etgfkdng0" 39 Tommasetti."755"H05f"cv"325;="Bunnell.";69"H04f"cv"568/690""Dwv"Ðvjg"ogtg"hcev"c 3: ]enckocpv_"jcu"ecttkgf"qp"egtvckp"fckn{"cevkxkvkgu."uwej"cu"itqegt{"ujqrrkpi."ftkxkpi 3; c"ect."qt"nkokvgf"ycnmkpi"hqt"gzgtekug."fqgu"pqv"kp"cp{"yc{"fgvtcev"htqo"jgt 42 etgfkdknkv{"cu"vq"jgt"qxgtcnn"fkucdknkv{0Ñ""Vertigan v. Halter."482"H05f"3266."3272 43 *;vj"Ekt0"4223+0""C"enckocpv"fqgu"pqv"pggf"vq"dg"Ðwvvgtn{"kpecrcekvcvgf0Ñ""Fair v. 44 Bowen."::7"H04f"7;9."825"*;vj"Ekt0"3;:;+0""Jgtg."rnckpvkhhÓu"cevkxkvkgu"ygtg"pqv 45 kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"jgt"cnngigf"u{orvqou0""RnckpvkhhÓu"rtkoct{"cnngigf"nkokvcvkqpu"ctg 46 fkhhkewnvkgu"ykvj"eqortgjgpukqp."eqoowpkecvkqp."hqewu."cpf"ocmkpi"fgekukqpu0" 47 Vjg"cdknkv{"vq"eqqm."fq"jqwugyqtm."ftqr"qhh"cpf"rkem"wr"jgt"fcwijvgt."itqegt{"ujqr 48 ykvj"jgt"oqvjgt."cpf"rc{"dknnu"ygtg"pqv"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"jgt"cnngigf"u{orvqou0" 49 Pqt"ygtg"vjg"cevkxkvkgu"pgeguuctkn{"vtcpuhgttcdng"vq"c"yqtm"ugvvkpi0"" 4: 33 3 Vjg"CNLÓu"ugeqpf"tgcuqp"hqt"vjg"CNLÓu"cfxgtug"etgfkdknkv{"hkpfkpi"Î"vjg 4 cnngigf"nkokvcvkqpu"ygtg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg"Î"ycu 5 ukoknctn{"wpuwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg0""CT"cv"49/4:="Rollins v. Massanari. 6 483"H05f":75.":79"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+"*vjg"ncem"qh"eqttqdqtcvkxg"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn 7 gxkfgpeg"oc{"dg"qpg"hcevqt"kp"gxcnwcvkpi"c"enckocpvÓu"etgfkdknkv{+0""Vjg"CNL"pqvgf 8 rnckpvkhh"fkf"pqv"eqornckp"qh"ogoqt{"fghkekvu"cv"jgt"Lcpwct{"43."4236"crrqkpvogpv 9 cpf"vjg"rj{ukekcp"qdugtxgf"c"pqtocn"cvvgpvkqp"urcp"cpf"eqpegpvtcvkqp0""CT"cv"4:0" : Vjg"hcknwtg"vq"eqornckp"qh"ogoqt{"fghkekvu"cpf"qdugtxcvkqpu"cv"qpg"crrqkpvogpv ; jctfn{"eqpuvkvwvg"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg06""Rtkqt"vtgcvogpv"tgeqtfu"tgxgcngf 32 eqornckpvu"qh"ogoqt{"rtqdngou."cu"fkf"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"gzcokpcvkqp0""See"id0"cv 33 566."622."6;20 34 Kp"uwo."vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"ekvg"engct"cpf"eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{ 35 uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt"fkueqwpvkpi"rnckpvkhhÓu"etgfkdknkv{0 36 40 Xgtqpkec"JgpuqpÓu"Vguvkoqp{ 37 Rnckpvkhh"cnuq"eqpvgpfu"vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"rtqrgtn{"eqpukfgt"vjg"vguvkoqp{"qh 38 jgt"oqvjgt."Xgtqpkec"Jgpuqp0""R0"Ogo0"cv"3;/420"" 39 Ð]N_c{"vguvkoqp{"cu"vq"c"enckocpvÓu"u{orvqou"qt"jqy"cp"korcktogpv"chhgevu 3: cdknkv{"vq"yqtm"is"eqorgvgpv"gxkfgpeg"cpf"vjgtghqtg"cannot"dg"fkutgictfgf"ykvjqwv 3; eqoogpv0Ñ""Stout v. Comm’r."676"H05f"3272."3275"*;vj"Ekt0"4228+"*kpvgtpcn 42 swqvcvkqp"octmu."gnnkrugu."cpf"ekvcvkqp"qokvvgf+="see Smolen.":2"H05f"cv"34::="see 43 also 42"E0H0T0¸¸"62603735*f+*6+."6380;35*f+*6+"*gzrnckpkpi"vjcv"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt 44 yknn"eqpukfgt"cnn"gxkfgpeg"htqo"Ðpqp/ogfkecn"uqwtegu]._Ñ"kpenwfkpi"Ðurqwugu. 45 rctgpvu"cpf"qvjgt"ectgikxgtu."ukdnkpiu."qvjgt"tgncvkxgu."htkgpfu."pgkijdqtu."cpf 46 engti{Ñ+0""Vjg"CNL"oc{"qpn{"fkueqwpv"vjg"vguvkoqp{"qh"nc{"ykvpguugu"kh"jg"rtqxkfgu 47 6 48 """"" Vq"vjg"gzvgpv"vjg"CNL"tghgttgf"vq"kpeqpukuvgpekgu"dgvyggp"rnckpvkhhÓu"cnngigf rj{ukecn"nkokvcvkqpu"cpf"vjg"qdlgevkxg"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg."rnckpvkhh."vjtqwij"jgt 49 tgrtgugpvcvkxg."uvcvgf"kv"ycu"jgt"eqipkvkxg"fghkekvu"vjcv"tgpfgtgf"jgt"wpcdng"vq"yqtm0" 4: CT"cv"69/6:0 34 3 urgekhke"Ðtgcuqpu"vjcv"ctg"igtocpg"vq"gcej"ykvpguu0Ñ""Dodrill v. Shalala."34"H05f 4 ;37.";3;"*;vj"Ekt0"3;;5+="see Lewis v. Apfel."458"H05f"725."733"*;vj"Ekt0"4223+ 5 *ÐNc{"vguvkoqp{"cu"vq"c"enckocpvÓu"u{orvqou"ku"eqorgvgpv"gxkfgpeg"vjcv"cp"CNL 6 owuv"vcmg"kpvq"ceeqwpv."wpnguu"jg"qt"ujg"gzrtguun{"fgvgtokpgu"vq"fkutgictf"uwej 7 vguvkoqp{"cpf"ikxg"tgcuqpu"igtocpg"vq"gcej"ykvpguu"hqt"fqkpi"uq0Ñ+0 8 Cv"vjg"jgctkpi."Xgtqpkec"Jgpuqp"vguvkhkgf"ujg"jgnrgf"rnckpvkhh"ykvj"ujqrrkpi. 9 icxg"jgt"tgokpfgtu."cpf"vqqm"ectg"qh"jgt"crrqkpvogpvu0""CT"cv"86."89."8;0" : Cnvjqwij"rnckpvkhh"eqwnf"jcpfng"ukorng"hkpcpegu."Jgpuqp"yqwnf"jcxg"vq"gzrnckp"jgt ; dknnu"vq"jgt0""Id0"cv"890""Jgpuqp"hwtvjgt"vguvkhkgf"vjcv"rnckpvkhh"vqqm"nqpigt"vjcp"dghqtg 32 vq"eqortgjgpf"vjkpiu"cpf"eqoowpkecvg"yjcv"ujg"ku"vjkpmkpi."ycu"pq"nqpigt"uqekcn 33 dgecwug"ujg"eqwnf"pqv"jcpfng"pqkug."cpf"ycu"gcukn{"qxgtyjgnogf0""See id0"cv"87/920" 34 Kp"c"Hwpevkqp"Tgrqtv."fcvgf"Crtkn"6."4237."Jgpuqp"uvcvgf"rnckpvkhh"ycu"chtckf"vq"dg 35 ctqwpf"c"nqv"qh"rgqrng."eqwnf"pqv"jcpfng"uvtguuhwn"ukvwcvkqpu"ygnn."cpf"ycu"ejknf/ 36 nkmg0""See id0"cv"488/8:0 37 Vjg"CNL"uvcvgf"JgpuqpÓu"uvcvgogpv"fkf"pqv"guvcdnkuj"rnckpvkhh"ycu"fkucdngf 38 cpf"vjg"ceewtce{"qh"jgt"uvcvgogpvu"ycu"ÐswguvkqpcdngÑ"dgecwug"ujg"ycu"pqv 39 ogfkecnn{"vtckpgf0" Id0"cv"530""Vjg"CNL"cnuq"uvcvgf"jg"eqwnf"pqv"ikxg"uwduvcpvkcn 3: ygkijv"vq"JgpuqpÓu"uvcvgogpvu"dgecwug"vjg{"ygtg"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg 3; rtgrqpfgtcpeg"qh"vjg"ogfkecn"qrkpkqpu"cpf"qdugtxcvkqpu0""Id0""Pgkvjgt"qh"vjg"CNLÓu 42 tgcuqpu"ku"igtocpg"cpf"uwrrqtvgf"d{"gxkfgpeg0 43 Hktuv."vjg"CNL"fkueqwpvgf"JgpuqpÓu"uvcvgogpvu"dgecwug"ujg"ycu"pqv 44 ogfkecnn{"vtckpgf0" Id0""Eqpvtct{"vq"vjg"CNLÓu"kornkecvkqp."Jgpuqp"fkf"pqv"qrkpg 45 rnckpvkhh"ycu"fkucdngf0""Jgpuqp"ukorn{"rtqxkfgf"jgt"qdugtxcvkqpu"qh"rnckpvkhhÓu 46 u{orvqou"cpf"nkokvcvkqpu."yjkej"vjg"CNL"ycu"tgswktgf"vq"eqpukfgt0""See Robbins v. 47 Social Sec. Admin.."688"H05f"::2."::5"*;vj"Ekt0"4228+="UUT"28/25r"*vjg"cigpe{ 48 yknn"eqpukfgt"cnn"tgngxcpv"gxkfgpeg+0""Tglgevkqp"qh"JgpuqpÓu"qdugtxcvkqpu"qp"vjg 49 dcuku"vjcv"ujg"ycu"pqv"ogfkecnn{"vtckpgf"coqwpvu"vq"c"yjqngucng"tglgevkqp"qh"cnn"nc{ 4: 35 3 qrkpkqpu"cpf"vjgtghqtg"ycu"pqv"igtocpg"vq"jgt0" See"Smolen.":2"H05f"cv"34:;"*vjg 4 CNLÓu"tglgevkqp"qh"rnckpvkhhÓu"hcokn{"ogodgtÓu"vguvkoqp{"cu"dkcugf"Ðcoqwpvgf"vq"c 5 yjqngucng"fkuokuucn"qh"vjg"vguvkoqp{"qh"cnn"]vjg"hcokn{_"ykvpguugu"cu"c"itqwr"cpf 6 vjgtghqtg"fqgu"pqv"swcnkh{"cu"c"tgcuqp"igtocpg"vq"gcej"kpfkxkfwcn"yjq"vguvkhkgfÑ+0"" 7 Vjg"CNLÓu"ugeqpf"tgcuqp"hqt"tglgevkpi"JgpuqpÓu"uvcvgogpvu"Î"vjg{"ygtg 8 kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"ogfkecn"qrkpkqpu"cpf"qdugtxcvkqpu"Î"ycu"pqv"uwrrqtvgf"d{"vjg 9 gxkfgpeg0""Id0"cv"530""Cp"CNL"oc{"tglgev"nc{"vguvkoqp{"kh"kv"ku"inconsistent"ykvj : ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg0" Lewis."458"H05f"cv"733"*ÐQpg"tgcuqp"hqt"yjkej"cp"CNL"oc{ ; fkueqwpv"nc{"vguvkoqp{"ku"vjcv"kv"eqphnkevu"ykvj"ogfkecn"gxkfgpeg0Ñ+"*ekvkpi"Vincent 32 v. Heckler."95;"H04f"35;5."35;7"*;vj"Ekt0"3;:6++0""Dwv"jgtg."JgpuqpÓu"uvcvgogpvu 33 ygtg"pqv"kpeqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjg"gxkfgpeg0""Cu"uvcvgf"cdqxg."qvjgt"vjcp"vjg"Lcpwct{ 34 4236"vtgcvogpv"pqvg"vjg"CNL"ekvgu"kp"jku"fgekukqp."rnckpvkhh"gzjkdkvgf"ogpvcn"fghkekvu 35 cv"qvjgt"gzcokpcvkqpu0""See"id0"cv"566."622."6;20""Oquv"korqtvcpv."JgpuqpÓu 36 uvcvgogpvu"ygtg"eqpukuvgpv"ykvj"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu"gzcokpcvkqp"hkpfkpiu"cpf"qrkpkqp. 37 yjkej"vjg"CNL"icxg"itgcv"ygkijv0""Ft0"Fqpqjwg"qdugtxgf"rtqdngou"ykvj 38 gzrtguukqp."ogoqt{."cpf"rtqeguukpi0""See id0"cv"5;9/6220 39 Ceeqtfkpin{."vjg"CNL"hckngf"vq"rtqxkfg"igtocpg"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{ 3: gxkfgpeg"kp"vjg"tgeqtf"hqt"fkueqwpvkpi"JgpuqpÓu"vguvkoqp{0 3; E0 Rnckpvkhh"Hqthgkvgf"Jgt"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"Ejcnngpig 42 Rnckpvkhh"ctiwgu"jgt"ecug"ujqwnf"dg"tgocpfgf"hqt"c"pgy"jgctkpi"dghqtg"c 43 fkhhgtgpv"CNL"dgecwug"cp"kortqrgt"cpf"wpeqpuvkvwvkqpcnn{"crrqkpvgf"CNL 44 cflwfkecvgf"jgt"ecug0""R0"Ogo0"cv"42/470 45 Rnckpvkhh"tgnkgu"qp"Lucia v. SEC."aa"W0U0"aa."35:"U0"Ev0"4266."423"N0"Gf0"4f 46 686"*423:+."yjkej"jqnfu"vjcv"CNLu"qh"vjg"Ugewtkvkgu"cpf"Gzejcpig"Eqookuukqp"ctg 47 ÐQhhkegtu"qh"vjg"Wpkvgf"UvcvguÑ"uwdlgev"vq"vjg"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"kp"Ctvkeng"KK"qh 48 vjg"Wpkvgf"Uvcvgu"Eqpuvkvwvkqp"cpf"vjgtghqtg"ygtg"tgswktgf"wpfgt"vjg"Crrqkpvogpvu 49 Encwug"vq"dg"crrqkpvgf"d{"vjg"Rtgukfgpv."c"eqwtv"qh"ncy."qt"c"jgcf"qh"fgrctvogpv0" 4: 36 3 Id."cv"42770""Vjg"tgogf{"hqt"qpg"yjq"ejcnngpigu"Ðvjg"eqpuvkvwvkqpcn"xcnkfkv{"qh"vjg 4 crrqkpvogpv"qh"cp"qhhkegt"yjq"cflwfkecvgu"jku"ecugÑ"ku"c"pgy"jgctkpi"dghqtg"c"pgy 5 CNL."gxgp"kh"vjg"CNL"yjq"rtgxkqwun{"jgctf"vjg"ecug"ycu"pqy"eqpuvkvwvkqpcnn{ 6 crrqkpvgf0""Id0"*ekvcvkqp"cpf"swqvcvkqp"octmu"qokvvgf+0""Dwv"vjg"Uwrtgog"Eqwtv"cnuq 7 tgeqipk|gf"vjcv"vq"qdvckp"tgnkgh"dcugf"qp"c"ejcnngpig"vq"vjg"xcnkfkv{"qh"cp"CNLÓu 8 crrqkpvogpv."vjg"ejcnngpig"owuv"dg"vkogn{"ocfg0""Id0""Kp"Lucia."vjg"rgvkvkqpgtÓu 9 ejcnngpig"ycu"vkogn{"dgecwug"jg"Ðeqpvguvgf"vjg"xcnkfkv{"qh"]vjg"CNLÓu_"crrqkpvogpv : dghqtg"vjg"Eqookuukqp0Ñ""Id. ; Cnvjqwij"vjg"Pkpvj"Ektewkv"jcu"pqv"cfftguugf"yjgvjgt"Lucia crrnkgu"kp"vjg 32 eqpvgzv"qh"vjg"Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{"Cfokpkuvtcvkqp"*ÐUUCÑ+."kv"crrgctu"rtqdcdng"vjcv 33 CNLu"qh"vjg"UUC"yknn"dg"hqwpf"vq"dg"kphgtkqt"qhhkegtu"uwdlgev"vq"vjg"Crrqkpvogpvu 34 Encwug0""Cp"gzgewvkxg"qtfgt"kuuwgf"kp"tgurqpug"vq"vjg"Lucia"fgekukqp"eqpenwfgf"vjcv 35 Ðcv"ngcuv"uqog"Î"cpf"rgtjcru"cnn"Î"CNLu"ctg"ÒQhhkegtu"qh"vjg"Wpkvgf"UvcvguÓ"cpf"vjwu 36 uwdlgev"vq"vjg"EqpuvkvwvkqpÓu"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug0Ñ""Gzge0"Qtfgt"Pq0"35:65.":5 37 Hgf0"Tgi0"54977"*Lwn{"35."423:+0""Vjg"Cevkpi"Eqookuukqpgt"qh"Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{ 38 tcvkhkgf"vjg"crrqkpvogpv"qh"CNLu"cpf"crrtqxgf"vjgkt"crrqkpvogpvu"cu"jgt"qyp.7"cpf 39 vjg"UUC"kuuwgf"UUT"3;/3r"vq"rtqxkfg"iwkfcpeg"vq"ejcnngpigu"vq"vjg"CNLÓu 3: cwvjqtkv{0""Vjg"Vjktf"Ektewkv."vjg"qpn{"Eqwtv"qh"Crrgcnu"vq"jcxg"cfftguugf"Lucia 3; cpf"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpigu"vq"CNLu"qh"vjg"UUC."pqvgf"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt 42 eqpegfgf"vjg"kuuwg0""Cirko v. Comm’r.";6:"H05f"36:."374"*5f"Ekt0"4242+0 43 Pgxgtvjgnguu."vjg"eqwtv"fqgu"pqv"pqy"fgekfg"yjgvjgt"Lucia"crrnkgu"vq"UUC 44 CNLu"dgecwug"rnckpvkhh"hqthgkvgf"vjg"encko0""Rnckpvkhh"fkf"pqv"tckug"vjg"xcnkfkv{"qh"vjg 45 CNLÓu"crrqkpvogpv"cv"vjg"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"ngxgn0""Rnckpvkhh"cempqyngfigu"vjku."dwv 46 ctiwgu"vjg"ejcnngpig"ycu"pqpgvjgnguu"vkogn{0""R0"Ogo0"cv"440""Rnckpvkhh"ekvgu"c 47 jcpfhwn"qh"qwv"qh"ektewkv"fkuvtkev"eqwtv"ecugu"yjkej"jgnf"vjcv"c"enckocpv"fkf"pqv"jcxg 48 vq"gzjcwuv"cp"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpig"dghqtg"vjg"cigpe{0""R0"Ogo0"cv"44/ 49 4: """""7 See jvvru<11ugewtg0uuc0iqx1crru321tghgtgpeg0puh1nkpmu12:28423:243247RO 37 3 46="see Mann v. Berryhill."423:"YN"8643947."cv",:"*F0"Pgd0"Fge0"8."423:+ 4 *Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpigu"hcnn"kp"vjg"ÐÒecvgiqt{"qh"pqplwtkufkevkqpcn 5 uvtwevwtcn"eqpuvkvwvkqpcn"qdlgevkqpu"vjcv"eqwnf"dg"eqpukfgtgf"qp"crrgcn"yjgvjgt"qt 6 pqv"vjg{"ygtg"twngf"wrqp"dgnqy0ÓÑ+"*swqvkpi"Freytag v. I.R.S.."723"W0U0":8:.":9;/ 7 :2."333"U0"Ev0"4853."337"N0"Gf0"4f"986"*3;;3++="Bizarre v. Berryhill."586"H0"Uwrr0 8 5f"63:"*O0F0"Rc0"423;+"*vjgtg"ku"pq"cwvjqtkv{"kpfkecvkpi"cp"UUC"CNL"yqwnf"dg 9 cwvjqtk|gf"vq"tguqnxg"vjg"eqpuvkvwvkqpcnkv{"qh"jku"qyp"crrqkpvogpv"cpf"vjg"Uwrtgog : Eqwtv"fqgu"pqv"tgswktg"kuuwg"gzjcwuvkqp"cv"vjg"Crrgcnu"Eqwtv"ngxgn+"*ekvkpi"Sims v. ; Apfel."752"W0U0"325."334."342"U0"Ev0"42:2."369"N0"Gf0"4f":2"*4222++="Bradshaw v. 32 Berryhill."594"H0"Uwrr0"5f"56;."573"*G0F0P0E0""423;+"*pgkvjgt"vjg"uvcvwvgu"pqt 33 tgiwncvkqpu"tgswktg"rnckpvkhh"vq"tckug"vjg"kuuwg"dghqtg"vjg"CNL+="Cluclasure v. 34 Comm’r."597"H0"Uwrr0"5f"77;"*423;+0 35 Qpn{"qpg"Ektewkv"Eqwtv"qh"Crrgcnu."vjg"Vjktf"Ektewkv."jcu"fktgevn{"cfftguugf 36 vjku"kuuwg0""Kp"Cirko."rnckpvkhhu"hktuv"tckugf"vjg"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpig"kp"kvu 37 crrgcn"vq"vjg"fkuvtkev"eqwtv0"";6:"H05f"cv"3740""Vjg"Vjktf"Ektewkv"fgvgtokpgf"vjgtg 38 ycu"pq"uvcvwvqt{"qt"tgiwncvqt{"gzjcwuvkqp"tgswktgogpv"vjcv"iqxgtpu"UUC 39 rtqeggfkpiu0""Id."cv"3750""Cuuguukpi"vjtgg"hcevqtu"Î"vjg"pcvwtg"qh"vjg"encko."vjg 3: ejctcevgtkuvkeu"qh"vjg"UUC"tgxkgy."cpf"vjg"kpvgtguvu"kpxqnxgf"Î"vjg"Vjktf"Ektewkv 3; jgnf"vjcv"gzjcwuvkqp"qh"cp"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpig"ycu"pqv"tgswktgf"kp"vjg 42 UUC"eqpvgzv0""Id0"cv"3750""Hktuv."gzjcwuvkqp"ycu"igpgtcnn{"kpcrrtqrtkcvg"Ðyjgtg"c 43 encko"ugtxgu"vq"xkpfkecvg"eqpuvkvwvkqpcn"enckou"nkmg"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug 44 ejcnngpigu."yjkej"kornkecvg"dqvj"kpfkxkfwcn"eqpuvkvwvkqpcn"tkijvu"cpf"vjg"uvtwevwtcn 45 korgtcvkxg"qh"ugrctcvkqp"qh"rqygtu0Ñ""Id0""Ugeqpf."kv"hqwpf"vjg"Uwrtgog"EqwtvÓu 46 tgcuqpkpi"kp"Sims."yjkej"jgnf"vjcv"gzjcwuvkqp"qh"kuuwgu"dghqtg"vjg"Crrgcnu"Eqwpekn 47 ku"pqv"tgswktgf"Î"dwv"gzrnkekvn{"fkf"pqv"fgekfg"yjgvjgt"c"Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{"enckocpv 48 owuv"gzjcwuv"kuuwgu"dghqtg"vjg"CNL"vq"qdvckp"lwfkekcn"tgxkgy"*see Sims."752"W0U0"cv 49 329."334+"Î"ycu"kpuvtwevkxg0""Cirko.";6:"H05f"cv"3770""Nkmg"Crrgcnu"Eqwpekn 4: 38 3 jgctkpiu."vjg"tgiwncvkqpu"fkf"pqv"jcxg"cp"gzrtguu"gzjcwuvkqp"tgswktgogpv"cpf"CNL 4 jgctkpiu"ctg"Ðkpswkukvqtkcn"cpf"ftkxgp"d{"vjg"cigpe{"tcvjgt"vjcv"vjg"enckocpv.Ñ"yjq 5 pggf"pqv"gxgp"uvcvg"jku"qt"jgt"ecug0""Id0"cv"377/780""Hkpcnn{."vjg"kpfkxkfwcn"kpvgtguvu 6 qwvygkij"vjg"iqxgtpogpvcn"kpvgtguvu0""Id0"cv"378/790""Wpnkmg"cp"cfxgtuctkcn 7 rtqeggfkpi."vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"jcu"vjg"rtkoct{"tgurqpukdknkv{"hqt"kfgpvkh{kpi"cpf 8 fgxgnqrkpi"vjg"kuuwgu"cpf"vjg"enckocpv"ku"pqv"tgswktgf"vq"fgxgnqr"hcevu"qt"ocmg 9 ctiwogpvu0""Id0""Cp"gzjcwuvkqp"tgswktgogpv"yqwnf"vjgtghqtg"korqug"cp : Ðwprtgegfgpvgf"dwtfgpÑ"qp"UUC"enckou0""Id0"cv"3780""Ogcpyjkng."vjg"iqxgtpogpvÓu ; kpvgtguv"kp"tgswktkpi"gzjcwuvkqp"ku"nqy"dgecwug"eqpuvkvwvkqpcn"swguvkqpu"ctg"qwvukfg 32 vjg"cigpe{Óu"gzrgtvkug"cpf"vjg"cigpe{"ku"kpecrcdng"qh"qh"rtqxkfkpi0""Id0"cv"37:0 33 Vjg"Pkpvj"Ektewkv"jcu"pqv"twngf"qp"vjku"rtgekug"kuuwg0""Dwv"oquv"fkuvtkev 34 eqwtvu"ykvjkp"vjg"Pkpvj"Ektewkv"jcxg"tgcejgf"vjg"qrrqukvg"eqpenwukqp"htqo"vjg 35 Vjktf"EktewkvÓu."cndgkv"rtkqt"vq"Cirko0""See, e.g.. Kathleen S. v. Saul."4242"YN 36 575824."cv",5"*U0F0"Ecn0"Lcp0"43."4242+= Samuels v. Comm’r."423;"YN"669;756 37 *P0F0"Ecn0"Ugrv"3:."423;+"*ekvkpi"ecugu"yjgtg"eqwtv"tglgevgf"vjg"ctiwogpv"vjcv"c 38 enckocpv"fkf"pqv"jcxg"vq"gzjcwuv"cp"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpig+= Morrow v. 39 Berryhill."423;"YN"422;525."cv",6"*P0F0"Ecn0"Oc{"9."42;+"*pqvkpi"vjg"Pkpvj 3: Ektewkv"eqphktogf"vjg"igpgtcn"rtqrqukvkqp"vjcv"c"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"enckocpv"owuv 3; gzjcwuv"kuuwgu"dghqtg"vjg"CNL+="Hughes v. Berryhill."423:"YN"545;:57."cv",4"p04 42 *E0F0"Ecn0"Lwn{"4."423:+"*ÐVq"vjg"gzvgpv"Lucia"crrnkgu"vq"Uqekcn"Ugewtkv{"CNLu. 43 Rnckpvkhh"jcu"hqthgkvgf"vjg"kuuwg"d{"hcknkpi"vq"tckug"kv"fwtkpi"jku"cfokpkuvtcvkxg 44 rtqeggfkpiu0Ñ+0 45 Cnvjqwij"vjg"Pkpvj"Ektewkv"jcu"pqv"fgvgtokpgf"yjgvjgt"c"uqekcn"ugewtkv{ 46 enckocpv"owuv"gzjcwuv"cp"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpig"dghqtg"vjg"CNL."vjg 47 Pkpvj"Ektewkv"jcu"oqtg"igpgtcnn{"jgnf."Ðcv"ngcuv"yjgp"enckocpvu"ctg"tgrtgugpvgf"d{ 48 eqwpugn."vjg{"owuv"tckug"cnn"kuuwgu"cpf"gxkfgpeg"cv"vjgkt"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"jgctkpiu"kp 49 qtfgt"vq"rtgugtxg"vjgo"qp"crrgcn0Ñ""Meanel v. Apfel."394"H05f"3333."3337"*;vj"Ekt0 4: 39 3 3;;;+0""Cv"ngcuv"qpg"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"enckocpv"ctiwgf"vjcv"vjg"Uwrtgog"EqwtvÓu 4 fgekukqp"kp"Sims"qxgttwngf"Meanel."dwv"vjg"Pkpvj"Ektewkv"tglgevgf"vjcv"ctiwogpv. 5 pqvkpi"vjcv"Sims"ycu"nkokvgf"vq"vjg"swguvkqp"qh"yjgvjgt"enckocpvu"pggfgf"vq 6 cffkvkqpcnn{"gzjcwuv"kuuwgu"dghqtg"vjg"Crrgcnu"Eqwpekn"cpf"uq"fkf"pqv"eqpvtqn0" 7 Shaibi v. Berryhill."::5"H05f"3324."332;"*;vj"Ekt0"4239+0""Vjwu."Meanel"tgockpu 8 vjg"ncy"qh"vjg"ektewkv0""Meanel"fkf"pqv"eqpegtp"c"eqpuvkvwvkqpcn"ejcnngpig."dwv"kv"ku 9 dkpfkpi"qp"vjku"eqwtv0 : Hwtvjgt."cu"pqvgf."kp"Lucia."vjg"Uwrtgog"Eqwtv"gzrnkekvn{"hqwpf"vjcv"vq"qdvckp ; tgnkgh"htqo"cp"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpig."vjg"ejcnngpig"owuv"dg"vkogn{"ocfg. 32 cu"ycu"vjg"ejcnngpig"kp"vjcv"ecug."jcxkpi"dggp"hktuv"tckugf"dghqtg"vjg"Eqookuukqp0" 33 Lucia."35:"U0"Ev0"cv"42770""Vjg"Uwrtgog"Eqwtv"fkf"pqv"fghkpg"vjg"nkokvu"qh"vkogn{ 34 ejcnngpigu"kp"UGE"ecugu."owej"nguu"kp"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"ecugu0""Dwv"vq"vjg"gzvgpv"Lucia 35 crrnkgu"cv"cnn"vq"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"ecugu."vkognkpguu"ku"rnckpn{"c"tgswktgogpv0""Vjg"eqwtv 36 jgtg"ku"rgtuwcfgf"vq"hqnnqy"vjg"qvjgt"fkuvtkev"eqwtvu"kp"vjg"Pkpvj"Ektewkv"cpf"vjg 37 Pkpvj"EktewkvÓu"gzkuvkpi"ncy"vjcv"tckukpi"c"encko"kp"c"uqekcn"ugewtkv{"ecug"hqt"vjg 38 hktuv"vkog"qp"crrgcn"vq"vjg"fkuvtkev"eqwtv"ku"pqv"vkogn{="vjg"kuuwg"owuv"hktuv"dg"tckugf 39 dghqtg"vjg"CNL0""See Shaibi."::5"H05f"cv"332;="Meanel."394"H05f"cv"33370""Vjku 3: crrnkgu"vq"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpigu"cu"ygnn0 3; Ceeqtfkpin{."dgecwug"rnckpvkhh"hqthgkvgf"jgt"ejcnngpig"vq"vjg"xcnkfkv{"qh"vjg 42 CNLÓu"crrqkpvogpv"jgtg"yjgp"ujg"fkf"pqv"tckug"jgt"ejcnngpig"cv"vjg"cfokpkuvtcvkxg 43 ngxgn."ujg"ku"pqv"gpvkvngf"vq"tgnkgh"qp"jgt"Crrqkpvogpvu"Encwug"ejcnngpig0 44 X0 45 TGOCPF"KU"CRRTQRTKCVG 46 Vjg"fgekukqp"yjgvjgt"vq"tgocpf"hqt"hwtvjgt"rtqeggfkpiu"qt"tgxgtug"cpf 47 cyctf"dgpghkvu"ku"ykvjkp"vjg"fkuetgvkqp"qh"vjg"fkuvtkev"eqwtv0""McAllister v. Sullivan. 48 :::"H04f"7;;."825"*;vj"Ekt0"3;:;+0""Kv"ku"crrtqrtkcvg"hqt"vjg"eqwtv"vq"gzgtekug"vjku 49 fkuetgvkqp"vq"fktgev"cp"koogfkcvg"cyctf"qh"dgpghkvu"yjgtg<"Ð*3+"vjg"tgeqtf"jcu"dggp 4: 3: 3 hwnn{"fgxgnqrgf"cpf"hwtvjgt"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"rtqeggfkpiu"yqwnf"ugtxg"pq"wughwn 4 rwtrqug="*4+"vjg"CNL"jcu"hckngf"vq"rtqxkfg"ngicnn{"uwhhkekgpv"tgcuqpu"hqt"tglgevkpi 5 gxkfgpeg."yjgvjgt"enckocpv"vguvkoqp{"qt"ogfkecn"qrkpkqpu="cpf"*5+"kh"vjg 6 kortqrgtn{"fkuetgfkvgf"gxkfgpeg"ygtg"etgfkvgf"cu"vtwg."vjg"CNL"yqwnf"dg"tgswktgf 7 vq"hkpf"vjg"enckocpv"fkucdngf"qp"tgocpf0Ñ""Garrison v. Colvin."97;"H05f";;7."3242 8 *;vj"Ekt0"4236+"*ugvvkpi"hqtvj"vjtgg/rctv"etgfkv/cu/vtwg"uvcpfctf"hqt"tgocpfkpi"ykvj 9 kpuvtwevkqpu"vq"ecnewncvg"cpf"cyctf"dgpghkvu+0""Dwv"yjgtg"vjgtg"ctg"qwvuvcpfkpi : kuuwgu"vjcv"owuv"dg"tguqnxgf"dghqtg"c"fgvgtokpcvkqp"ecp"dg"ocfg."qt"kv"ku"pqv"engct ; htqo"vjg"tgeqtf"vjcv"vjg"CNL"yqwnf"dg"tgswktgf"vq"hkpf"c"rnckpvkhh"fkucdngf"kh"cnn"vjg 32 gxkfgpeg"ygtg"rtqrgtn{"gxcnwcvgf."tgocpf"hqt"hwtvjgt"rtqeggfkpiu"ku"crrtqrtkcvg0" 33 See Benecke v. Barnhart."59;"H05f"7:9."7;7/;8"*;vj"Ekt0"4226+="Harman v. Apfel. 34 433"H05f"3394."339;/:2"*;vj"Ekt0"4222+0""Kp"cffkvkqp."vjg"eqwtv"owuv"Ðtgocpf"hqt 35 hwtvjgt"rtqeggfkpiu"yjgp."gxgp"vjqwij"cnn"eqpfkvkqpu"qh"vjg"etgfkv/cu/vtwg"twng"ctg 36 ucvkuhkgf."cp"gxcnwcvkqp"qh"vjg"tgeqtf"cu"c"yjqng"etgcvgu"ugtkqwu"fqwdv"vjcv"c 37 enckocpv"ku."kp"hcev."fkucdngf0Ñ""Garrison."97;"H05f"cv"32430 38 Jgtg."tgocpf"ku"tgswktgf"vq"cfftguu"vjg"kuuwgu"fguetkdgf"cdqxg0""Qp"tgocpf. 39 vjg"CNL"ujcnn"tgeqpukfgt"vjg"vjtgg"nkokvcvkqpu"kv"fkf"pqv"cfqrv"htqo"Ft0"FqpqjwgÓu 3: qrkpkqp"cpf"gkvjgt"etgfkv"vjg"qrkpkqpu"qt"rtqxkfg"ngicnn{"uwhhkekgpv"tgcuqpu 3; uwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt"tglgevkpi"vjgo="tgeqpukfgt"rnckpvkhhÓu 42 vguvkoqp{"cpf"gkvjgt"etgfkv"jgt"uwdlgevkxg"eqornckpvu"qt"rtqxkfg"engct"cpf 43 eqpxkpekpi"tgcuqpu"hqt"tglgevkpi"vjgo="cpf"tgeqpukfgt"vjg"nc{"vguvkoqp{"cpf"gkvjgt 44 etgfkv"kv"qt"rtqxkfg"igtocpg"tgcuqpu"uwrrqtvgf"d{"uwduvcpvkcn"gxkfgpeg"hqt"tglgevkpi 45 kv0""Vjg"CNL"ujcnn"vjgp"tgcuuguu"rnckpvkhhÓu"THE."cpf"rtqeggf"vjtqwij"uvgru"hqwt"cpf 46 hkxg"vq"fgvgtokpg"yjcv"yqtm."kh"cp{."rnckpvkhh"ku"ecrcdng"qh"rgthqtokpi0 47 48 49 4: 3; 3 XK0 4 TGEQOOGPFCVKQP 5 KV"KU"VJGTGHQTG"QTFGTGF"vjcv"Lwfiogpv"ujcnn"dg"gpvgtgf 6 TGXGTUKPI"vjg"fgekukqp"qh"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"fgp{kpi"dgpghkvu."cpf 7 TGOCPFKPI"vjg"ocvvgt"vq"vjg"Eqookuukqpgt"hqt"hwtvjgt"cfokpkuvtcvkxg"cevkqp 8 eqpukuvgpv"ykvj"vjku"fgekukqp0 9 : FCVGF<""Crtkn"35."4242 ; 32 """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" UJGTK"R[O Wpkvgf"Uvcvgu"Ocikuvtcvg"Lwfig 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 3: 3; 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 4: 42

Some case metadata and case summaries were written with the help of AI, which can produce inaccuracies. You should read the full case before relying on it for legal research purposes.

This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.