United States v. Hugo Galaviz, No. 13-1052 (8th Cir. 2013)
Annotate this CaseCourt Description: Criminal case - Sentencing. For the court's prior opinion, see U.S. v. Galaviz, 687 F.3d 1042 (8th Cir. 2012). Although the prior opinion did not explicitly direct the district court to reconsider its previous acceptance of responsibility determination, this was necessarily within the district court's remand authority given the close interaction between the obstruction of justice and acceptance of responsibility guidelines; the district court did not abuse its discretion in considering and denying defendant an acceptance of responsibility reduction.
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United States Court of Appeals For the Eighth Circuit ___________________________ No. 13-1052 ___________________________ United States of America lllllllllllllllllllll Plaintiff - Appellee v. Hugo Galaviz, also known as Big Happy lllllllllllllllllllll Defendant - Appellant ____________ Appeal from United States District Court for the District of Nebraska - Lincoln ____________ Submitted: September 23, 2013 Filed: October 1, 2013 [Unpublished] ____________ Before WOLLMAN, BEAM, and SMITH, Circuit Judges. ____________ PER CURIAM. In a prior opinion in this matter, we reversed the district court's application of the obstruction of justice sentencing enhancement to defendant Hugo Galaviz. See United States v. Galaviz, 687 F.3d 1042, 1043 (8th Cir. 2012). We concluded that the obstruction of justice enhancement did not apply because Galaviz had already pleaded guilty, and although the record established that he had conspired to kill a confidential informant while in prison, nothing in the record suggested that Galaviz intended to kill the informant for the purposes of impeding the progress of the case against Galaviz. Id. We thus remanded for further proceedings. Id. at 1044. On remand, the district court1 resentenced Galaviz, removing the enhancement, but the court refused to grant Galaviz an acceptance of responsibility reduction, given his role in the murder conspiracy. In the present appeal, Galaviz argues that the district court exceeded the scope of remand by failing to apply the acceptance of responsibility reduction at resentencing.2 According to Galaviz, because the district court's sole basis for denying the reduction at original sentencing was based upon application of the obstruction of justice enhancement, once we reversed the court's application of the enhancement, the district court did not have remand authority "to construe the conduct supporting the erroneous application of the obstruction of justice enhancement in such a manner as to now deny acceptance of responsibility." We think the opposite is true. In the past, we have explicitly directed a district court to reconsider the acceptance of 1 The Honorable Richard G. Kopf, United States District Judge for the District of Nebraska. 2 The government contends that Galaviz has waived this issue because (1) he did not raise the acceptance of responsibility issue in his first appeal, and (2) he did not raise the scope of remand issue during resentencing. Whatever the merits of the government's position, we nonetheless choose to address the issue Galaviz raises on appeal as it is easily resolvable and the procedural issues present a potential for complexity. See United States v. Stuckey, 255 F.3d 528, 529 n.3 (8th Cir. 2001) (choosing to address merits instead of waiver issue). In the same vein, we conclude that Galaviz cannot prevail under any standard of review that potentially applies to this case. See United States v. Martin, 714 F.3d 1081, 1084 (8th Cir. 2013) (issues not raised before district court reviewed for plain error); United States v. Godsey, 690 F.3d 906, 911 (8th Cir. 2012) ("We review the district court's interpretation of the guidelines de novo and its factual findings underlying a denial of an acceptance of responsibility adjustment for clear error."). -2- responsibility adjustment after we reversed its obstruction of justice determination. United States v. Peters, 394 F.3d 1103, 1108 (8th Cir. 2005). Here, although our prior opinion did not explicitly direct the district court to reconsider its previous acceptance of responsibility determination, we conclude this was necessarily within the district court's remand authority given the close interaction between the Guidelines at issue.3 See United States v. Castellanos, 608 F.3d 1010, 1017 (8th Cir. 2010) ("[L]ower courts are free to decide new issues left open on remand."). And, too, contrary to Galaviz's contention, our prior opinion only determined the peripherally related obstruction of justice enhancement issue and said nothing about an acceptance of responsibility reduction, much less inferentially resolved it in his favor. Therefore, we conclude the district court did not err in considering and denying Galaviz an acceptance of responsibility reduction at resentencing. We affirm. _____________________________ 3 The application notes to the acceptance of responsibility adjustment indicate that a defendant who exhibits conduct resulting in an obstruction of justice enhancement ordinarily "has not accepted responsibility for his criminal conduct." U.S.S.G. ยง 3E1.1 cmt. n.4. -3-
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