Richard Lee Duncan, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Fife Symington, et al., Defendant-appellee, 42 F.3d 1399 (9th Cir. 1994)

MEMORANDUM^** 

Richard Duncan appeals pro se the district court's dismissal of his action for failure to state a claim. Duncan alleged that Arizona's mandatory insurance law for motorists constitutes involuntary servitude in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and affirm.

Duncan does not allege nor can the facts be construed to allege a violation of the Thirteenth Amendment. " [T]he term 'involuntary servitude' necessarily means a condition of servitude in which the victim is forced to work for the defendant by the use or threat ... of coercion through law or the legal process." United States v. Kozminski, 487 U.S. 931, 952 (1988); see Brogan v. San Mateo County, 901 F.2d 762, 764 (9th Cir. 1990) (state work program encouraged employment and did not violate the Thirteenth Amendment because person had alternative to performing the labor). Here, Arizona's mandatory insurance law for motorists does not impose a requirement that the motorist work. Because the law does not violate the prohibition against involuntary servitude, the district court did not err by dismissing Duncan's action for failure to state a claim. See Kozminski, 487 U.S. at 952.

AFFIRMED.