Nolan Anthony Schouest, Petitioner-appellant, v. Larry Smith, Acting Warden, Louisiana State Penitentiary,and the Attorney General of the State Oflouisiana, Respondents-appellees, 914 F.2d 713 (5th Cir. 1990)

Nolan Anthony Schouest appeals the dismissal of his second petition for a writ of habeas corpus. He raises six issues in his second petition, filed in 1989, almost all of which were raised by Schouest in his first petition, filed in 1981. The district court, adopting the report and recommendation of the magistrate to whom the case had been assigned, dismissed Schouest's second petition as an abuse of the writ, and, alternatively, denied it on the merits. We affirm.

In 1976 Nolan Anthony Schouest was convicted by a Louisiana jury of second degree murder, and sentenced to life in prison. He is currently serving his sentence at Angola. In 1981 Schouest, acting pro se, filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus in federal district court, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. In that petition he raised seven issues; all were fully considered by a magistrate who issued a report that concluded that all of Schouest's allegations were without merit, and recommended that the petition be denied. The district court adopted that report and recommendation, and denied Schouest's petition. Schouest's notice of appeal of that denial was not timely, and his appeal was dismissed.

Eight years later Schouest filed a second petition for a writ of habeas corpus, again proceeding pro se. His second petition raises six issues, all but one of which were raised in the first petition. (Although Schouest has in both petitions claimed that his trial counsel was ineffective, his allegations as to the grounds for that claim are somewhat different in his second petition.) Schouest's second petition was assigned to a magistrate, who, on his own motion, raised the issue of a repetitive petition and abuse of the writ, pursuant to Rule 9(b) of the Rules Governing Section 2254 Cases in the United States District Courts.¹  Following the well-established rules of this Circuit that govern summary dismissal of a habeas petition, see, e.g., Matthews v. Butler, 833 F.2d 1165, 1170 (5th Cir. 1987), the magistrate informed Schouest that he was considering dismissing the petition, and asked Schouest to explain why he had filed a repetitive petition.

Schouest told the magistrate that his failure to file a timely appeal of his first petition was due to the discharge from the Louisiana state prison of the inmate legal aid service which had helped him prepare his first petition. In order to secure review of his claims by this Court, Schouest decided to raise the same issues again in the district court, have them denied again, and then file a timely appeal. As Schouest told the magistrate, "I am refiling the same grounds in order to retain my appeal rights upon an adverse decision again."

After considering Schouest's reasons for filing a repetitive petition, and otherwise completing his review of Schouest's second petition, the magistrate issued a report that recommended that 1) as to the repeated claims, the petition be dismissed as repetitive, and 2) as to the new claims, the petition be dismissed as an abuse of the writ, or alternatively, denied on the merits. The district court adopted the magistrate's report over Schouest's objections. This time, Schouest has filed a timely pro se appeal.

It is entirely proper for the district court to raise on its own motion the issue of a repetitive petition or abuse of the writ. Matthews, 833 F.2d at 1170; Jones v. Estelle, 722 F.2d 159, 163 (5th Cir. 1983) (en banc), cert. denied, 466 U.S. 976, 104 S. Ct. 2356, 80 L. Ed. 2d 829 (1984). Moreover, the decision to dismiss the petition summarily under Rule 9(b) lies within the sound discretion of the trial judge, and will be reversed only for an abuse of that discretion. Daniels v. Blackburn, 763 F.2d 705, 707-08 (5th Cir. 1985).

A petition for writ of habeas corpus which merely realleges grounds alleged in an earlier petition may properly be dismissed under Rule 9(b) if the prisoner cannot establish an adequate justification for filing a repetitive petition. Andre v. Guste, 850 F.2d 259 (5th Cir. 1989); Daniels, 763 F.2d at 707. Here, Schouest has filed a successive petition solely for the purpose of resurrecting the right to appeal that he lost when he failed to appeal the denial of his first petition. This Court has already considered this precise issue--

[the prisoner] simply suggests that he should be allowed to maintain the present action because he was unable to appeal his prior petition's dismissal [due to the fault of either his own counsel, the Fifth Circuit, or the United States Postal Service]

--and held that "this reason [resurrection of the right to appeal] is insufficient to prevent the district court from determining that [the] second petition should be dismissed as repetitive pursuant to Rule 9(b)." Andre, 850 F.2d at 262. Accordingly, the district court did not err here in dismissing the repetitive portions of Schouest's petition under Rule 9(b).

B. The Issues Raised for the First Time in the Second Petition

As to the arguments that Schouest raises for the first time in his second petition, we again affirm, but for different reasons. The magistrate first considered whether those claims could be dismissed as an abuse of the writ. He concluded that they could, and so recommended. The magistrate went on, however, to consider the merits of Schouest's new claims, and found them to be without substance. Thus, although we hold that Rule 9(b) dismissal of these claims was not proper, we affirm the denial on the merits.

Mindful that pro se cases generally are governed by more forgiving standards of pleading than cases in which the prisoner is represented by counsel, we have previously noted that

the courts are careful not to dismiss a [pro se ] habeas petition as an abuse of [the] writ simply because it sets forth a claim that existed when a previous petition was filed. The newly asserted ground must have been known to the petitioner at the time of the earlier petition.

Matthews, 833 F.2d at 1171. Thus, when both the first and second petitions are filed pro se, the standard for dismissal of the second petition for abuse of the writ is somewhat higher than it is when the prisoner had the benefit of counsel in filing the first petition. "In other words," as the Matthews Court explained,

for the abuse of writ doctrine to apply in a pro se case, the petitioner must at least have had actual knowledge of the facts and legal theories that form the basis of the newly asserted claim when he filed the previous petition.

Id. (emphasis added). See also Passman v. Blackburn, 797 F.2d 1335, 1343 (5th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 480 U.S. 948, 107 S. Ct. 1609, 94 L. Ed. 2d 794 (1987) (dismissal of pro se habeas petition for abuse of the writ is proper only where petitioner subjectively knew about a particular claim when the earlier petition was filed). The rule is different when the prisoner was represented by counsel in filing his first habeas petition. See Daniels v. Blackburn, 763 F.2d 705, 707 (5th Cir. 1985) (per curiam) (where petitioner was represented by counsel in filing his first petition, and does not challenge the competency of that counsel in his second petition, he will be charged in the second petition with "the awareness that a competent lawyer would have possessed").

Schouest acted pro se in both his petitions. There is not, however, any finding below that Schouest had actual knowledge of the new claims he raises in his second petition at the time he filed his first petition. To the contrary, while the magistrate concluded that, at the time he filed his first petition, Schouest was aware that ineffective assistance of counsel was a recognized basis for habeas relief, the magistrate also found that Schouest had only constructive knowledge of the factual basis which underlies his new claims. As the magistrate put it, "the factual basis supporting any claim could be gleaned from a reading of the state record." Accordingly, it was not proper to dismiss these new claims under Rule 9(b).

In both petitions Schouest has claimed that he received ineffective assistance of counsel during his trial: in his second petition Schouest argues that his attorney erred 1) "by allowing the state to introduce [at trial] a report of Dr. Mann without the testimony of Dr. Mann," and 2) by making "no effort to call Dr. Mann or Dr. [Bishop]²  at the sanity hearing." Neither of these arguments was presented in Schouest's first federal habeas petitions, although they were presented to the Louisiana courts in Schouest's state habeas proceedings.³ 

The magistrate carefully considered both of these claims, and found them to be without merit. In particular, as to Schouest's complaint about the failure to call Dr. Mann at trial, the magistrate found that 1) both counsel stipulated that Dr. Mann's testimony, had he been called, would have been the same as Dr. Birchard's, and that 2) Dr. Birchard's testimony was entirely consistent with Dr. Mann's report. As to Schouest's claim that his attorney erred in failing to subpeona the doctors at the sanity hearing, the magistrate found that 1) Schouest did not contend that their testimony would have been any different than that of the doctor who did testify, 2) Schouest did not know what the testimony of those doctors would have been, and 3) Schouest acknowledged that he was competent at the time of trial to assist his attorney. Accordingly, we agree with the magistrate's conclusion that Schouest has not met the test set forth in Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 104 S. Ct. 2052, 80 L. Ed. 2d 674 (1984), for making out a cognizable claim of ineffective assistance of counsel.

Finding that the repetitive portions of Schouest's second habeas petition were properly dismissed pursuant to Rule 9(b), and that there is no merit to Schouest's new contentions, we affirm the dismissal of the petition.

AFFIRMED