William F. Rickett, Iii, a Minor Who Sues by His Next Friendand Father, William F. Rickett, Ii, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Howard Jones, D/b/a Jones Bros. Roofing Co., et al.,defendants-third Party Plaintiffs-appellees, v. Roofing,sheet Metal, Heating & Air Conditioning Contractorsassociation of Alabama Self-insurer's Fund, Third Party Defendant.james T. Wilson, a Minor Who Sues by His Next Friend Andmother, Kathy Jo Toney, Plaintiff-appellant, v. Howard Jones, D/b/a Jones Bros. Roofing Co., et al.,defendants-third Party Plaintiffs-appellees, v. Roofing,sheet Metal, Heating & Air Conditioning Contractorsassociation of Alabama Self-insurer's Fund, Third Party Defendant, 495 F.2d 185 (5th Cir. 1974)

The appellants, Rickett and Wilson, Georgia residents, sued Howard Jones, d/b/a Jones Brothers Roofing Co. on diversity grounds in the Alabama federal court below. The suits were for damages for job-related personal injuries sustained in Georgia while the plaintiffs, both then under 16 years of age, were employed at a federal enclave job site where Jones was performing a contract with the United States Army. The cases were handled jointly below and are here on a consolidated appeal from summary judgments entered in favor of Jones. We reverse.

Two theories were advanced in the trial court for recovery. First, plaintiffs contended that an implied cause of action exists and should be recognized against their employer, who was in violation of the Child Labor Provisions of the Fair Labor Standards Act, Title 29, U.S.C. § 212. In the next place, they claimed damages as third party beneficiaries to Jones' contract with the U.S. Army, pursuant to which they were employed, for Jones' alleged breach of contract for failure to secure Workmen's Compensation insurance as required by the contract.

Jones filed a third party complaint against the Roofing, Sheet Metal, Heating and Air Conditioning Contractors Association of Alabama Self-Insurer's Fund (RSMHACCA), of which he was a member in good standing at the time plaintiffs' injuries occurred. The district court's grant of judgment for Jones was based upon a finding that no private cause of action arises under the FLSA, and that the applicable Georgia Workmen's Compensation statute¹  bars common law, personal injury damage suits by employees against their employer. The insurer's summary judgment motion directed to Jones' third party complaint was held to be moot. Our reversal is grounded upon a determination that the district court misconstrued and misapplied Georgia law, and that appellants should not be narrowly limited to claims before the Georgia Workmen's Compensation Board under the particular facts of this case. This result pretermits decision as to the FLSA claim,²  but it puts in issue the potential liability of RSMHACCA requiring reversal of the order holding moot the motion to dismiss the third party complaint against that insurer.

Alabama resident Jones is the sole proprietor of Jones Brothers Roofing Co. He contracted with the United States Army to do re-roofing work on certain buildings on the Fort Benning, Georgia military reservation. Appellants Rickett and Wilson were Georgia residents hired by Jones as laborers pursuant to the Fort Benning work contract. Both were then under 16 years of age so that they were hired in apparent violation of the child labor provisions of the FLSA, Title 29, U.S.C. § 212. By his contract with the United States Army Jones was expressly required to procure and maintain Workmen's Compensation insurance in the amounts fixed by Georgia law for the benefit of the laborers employed on the job. It is without dispute that he did not qualify with the Georgia Workmen's Compensation Board. The appellants each filed claims with the Georgia Board after the accidents causing their injuries,³  but Jones has not submitted to that Board's jurisdiction. Those claims are therefore of no benefit to the injured youths.

The lower court undertook to apply the Georgia law to these undisputed facts and determined that the contract of employment between appellants and the appellee was subject to the Georgia Workmen's Compensation Act, and that appellants' injuries were compensable thereunder. Under the terms of the statute, Sec. 114-103, Georgia Code Ann., it was the exclusive remedy for the injuries sustained, the court continued, and barred 'any other common law actions, including a breach of contract action brought pursuant to injuries (citing Georgia cases)'. The Georgia Workmen's Compensation Act, Georgia Code Ann. 201,⁴  provides, in pertinent part, that:

'Every employer and employee, except as herein stated, shall be presumed to have accepted the provisions of this Title, agreeing respectively to pay and accept compensation for personal injury or death by accident arising out of and in the course of the employment, and shall be bound thereby, unless . . . notice to the contrary shall have been given in the manner herein provided, . . .'

Finding that the parties 'accepted' the provisions of the Workmen's Compensation law as contemplated by Sec. 114-201, the district court construed Sec. 114-103⁵  as a bar to the third party beneficiary claim.

We consider crucial to the disposition of this appeal a decision as to whether or not the lower court correctly analyzed the situation in determining that the parties 'accepted' the provisions of the Workmen's Compensation law under Sec. 114-201 so as to afford Jones the protection of Sec. 114-103 against the third party beneficiary contract claim despite Jones' failure to qualify under the Compensation Act. The district court reasoned that since no notice of exemption was given by either party, the statutory presumption of acceptance under Sec. 114-201 came into play so as to limit the remedy. Counsel for appellee urged at oral argument that 'acceptance' arises by operation of law so long as the prerequisites for coverage, to wit, an employment contract and work being done thereunder in Georgia, exist.

We are in disagreement with both rationales. First, it is a non sequitur to suggest that 'acceptance' arises by operation of law when the statute dealing with the subject is expressly couched in terms of legal presumption. The error in the district court's reasoning was that it treated the presumption as conclusive rather than rebuttable. Thus when appellants failed to show a notice of exemption from the statutes, which would have precluded any reference to the presumption whatsoever, it was concluded that 'the parties must, therefore, be deemed to have accepted the obligations imposed by Sec. 101-201 of the Act and to be subject to the Act.' Thereupon summary judgment issued.

Summary judgment may be ordered only if 'there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and . . . the moving party is entitled to a judgment as a matter of law' F.R.Civ.P. 56(c). The Georgia courts have held that the presumption created by Sec. 114-201 is not conclusive. Campbell v. Dixie Gravel Co., 1937, 55 Ga.App. 747, 191 S.E. 274. In Campbell the defendant had admitted in a pleading that he had not accepted the provisions of the Act, and that was held to have overcome the presumption. Not dissimilarly, appellee here admitted that he had not submitted to the jurisdiction of the Georgia State Board of Workmen's Compensation, which may be tantamount to the admission in Campbell.⁶  We note further that both the presumption of acceptance and the exclusivity of remedy sections of the Georgia law refer to acceptance as 'agreeing respectively to accept and pay compensation on account of personal injury or death by accident.' The district court should consider whether or not that presumption may be rebutted by a showing that such agreement was lacking.

Our attention is drawn to a final point, not briefed by the parties, but arising during oral argument. The complaints below disclose that both plaintiffs were injured during the course of their employment while working on building #2403 at Fort Benning, Rickett by being struck with a piece of sheet metal which fell on him, and Wilson by falling through the roof.⁷  Under Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 1938, 304 U.S. 64, 58 S. Ct. 817, 82 L. Ed. 1188, and its progeny, the district court in this diversity action will apply the law of Georgia, the state in which the injuries occurred. Georgia law imposes upon a master the duty to furnish servants in his employ a reasonably safe place in which to work. Smith v. Ammons, 1972, 228 Ga. 855, 188 S.E.2d 866. Appellants have alleged facts sufficient to support a claim in tort as well as their contractual claim. Only the demand for relief is deficient. Therefore, should the district court ultimately determine that the provisions of the Georgia Workmen's Compensation Law, including exclusivity of remedy, were not 'accepted' by the parties, leave to amend should be granted appellants to permit assertion of the common law tort action by their complaint.

The judgment appealed from is Reversed for further proceedings consistent herewith.

Reversed.