Montgomery v. State
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 501
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION IV
No. CACR09-1259
JAMES E. MONTGOMERY
APPELLANT
V.
STATE OF ARKANSAS
APPELLEE
Opinion Delivered
JUNE 16, 2010
APPEAL FROM THE GREENE
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. CR-08-129]
HONORABLE BARBARA HALSEY,
JUDGE
AFFIRMED
KAREN R. BAKER, Judge
A Greene County Circuit Court jury convicted appellant James E. Montgomery of
rape of a person who is less than eighteen (18) years of age by a grandparent. He was
sentenced to twenty-five (25) years in prison. Following the denial of his motion for a new
trial, appellant filed this timely appeal. Appellant has one argument on appeal: that the trial
court erred in denying his motions for directed verdict when the State failed to provide
sufficient evidence to prove he committed rape. We conclude that there was sufficient
evidence to support appellant’s conviction and affirm.
Appellant was convicted of raping his granddaughter, K.M. The evidence at the time
of trial established the following facts. K.M. first reported the charges to her mother, Vonda
Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 501
Montgomery, on February 13, 2008, when K.M. was six years old. K.M. was the adopted
daughter of Vonda and Chris Montgomery, who had fostered her from the age of three.
Appellant is Chris’s father. Although he resided out of state, appellant had been spending
considerable time in Vonda and Chris’s home while helping them with repairs. Regular
members of the Montgomery household included Vonda’s nineteen-year-old son from a
previous relationship whom Chris had adopted; Chris’s fourteen-year-old son; Chris’s twelveyear-old daughter; K.M.; Vonda and Chris’s four-year-old adopted daughter; and Mary
DeMaris, Chris’s mother (who was divorced from appellant).
At the time the allegations were made, Vonda and Chris had been having some marital
problems and were living separately. On February 12, 2008, K.M. had gone to church with
Chris and spent the remainder of the day at his residence. The following day, Chris contacted
Vonda at work to tell her that a condom had been found in K.M.’s bed. Vonda worried that
it could have belonged to “one of the boys.” Vonda testified that she questioned K.M. after
school that day. K.M. told her mother that appellant had been in her bed. Vonda asked
K.M. if appellant had touched her anywhere that made her feel uncomfortable, and K.M.
responded that he had touched her “privates.” K.M. told her mother that he touched her
under her panties with his fingers and his knuckles. The incident was reported to the childabuse hotline. In a recorded interview, K.M. told Trish Smith, a social worker from Arkansas
Children’s Hospital who was the evaluator on the investigation, essentially the same
information that she described to Vonda. Smith testified that K.M. said that appellant would
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touch her “privates” indicating the front genital area, including penetration into the area
between the labia majora. K.M. said that it had been going on for a number of months;
appellant would allow her to stay up late to watch movies and would put a blanket over the
two of them, and he then would touch her with his fingers and knuckles. She also described
the touching taking place while waiting in the drive-through line at McDonald’s or in the
restaurant under the table, and one time taking place in her bed. She stated that he touched
her front and back genital areas. The last date of contact was the weekend before February
13, when Vonda was gone. Nothing she said referenced the use of a condom. K.M. told
Smith and testified at trial that her grandmother was often present when the touching was
taking place.1 K.M. was examined at Arkansas Children’s Hospital by Dr. Brian Hardin, who
stated that the labia majora exhibited signs of redness that could be consistent with sexual
abuse; however, Dr. Hardin also stated that such redness was not necessarily symptomatic of
sexual abuse. At the conclusion of the State’s case, appellant moved for a directed verdict on
the basis that there was insufficient evidence to convict him of the charged crime; appellant
particularly argued that there was no evidence of sexual intercourse or sexual gratification, as
required to prove deviant sexual activity. At the conclusion of the case, appellant renewed
his motion, which was again denied.
A motion for a directed verdict is a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence. Kelley
v. State, 103 Ark. App. 110, 286 S.W.3d 746 (2008). In reviewing a challenge to the
Appellant spends much time in the brief attempting to discredit Vonda, and that is
not of particular import, as issues of credibility are for the trial court to discern.
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sufficiency of the evidence, we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the State and
consider only the evidence that supports the verdict. Id. We affirm a conviction if substantial
evidence exists to support it. Id. Substantial evidence is that which is of sufficient force and
character that it will, with reasonable certainty, compel a conclusion one way or the other,
without resorting to speculation or conjecture. Id. We defer to the jury’s determination on
the matter of witness credibility. Id. Jurors do not and need not view each fact in isolation,
but rather may consider the evidence as a whole. Id. The jury is entitled to draw any
reasonable inference from circumstantial evidence to the same extent that it can from direct
evidence. Id.
Appellant was convicted of rape pursuant to Arkansas Code Annotated section 5-14103 (Repl. 2006), which provides in pertinent part as follows:
(a) A person commits rape if he or she engages in sexual intercourse or deviate sexual
activity with another person: . . .
(4)(A) Who is a minor and the actor is the victim’s:
(ii) Uncle, aunt, grandparent, step-grandparent, or grandparent by adoption;
The terms “deviate sexual activity” include any act of sexual gratification involving
penetration, however slight, of the labia majora or anus of a person by a body member. Ark.
Code Ann. § 5-14-101(1)(B) (Repl. 2006).
Appellant asserts that the trial court erred in denying his motions for a directed verdict
because the victim testified at trial that he touched her from the outside of her clothing; he
contends that penetration was not, therefore, sufficiently established. Penetration can be
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shown by circumstantial evidence, and if the evidence gives rise to more than a mere
suspicion, and the inference that might reasonably have been deduced from it would leave
little room for doubt, that is sufficient. The courts have long held that anytime a bodily
member of the accused is “within the labia of the pudendum . . . , no matter how little, that
will be sufficient to constitute penetration.” Poe v. State, 95 Ark. 172, 129 S.W. 292 (1910).2
The jury in this case clearly believed the testimony that appellant touched K.M. in a
manner that constituted penetration under the Arkansas rape statute. There was testimony
from Vonda and Smith that K.M. told them that appellant touched her “privates” under her
panties, and this court defers to the trial court on credibility. A child victim’s use of her own
terms for body parts, rather than the correct anatomical terms, is sufficient evidence if it
demonstrates a knowledge of what and where those body parts referred to are. Lamb v. State,
372 Ark. 277, 275 S.W.3d 144 (2008). K.M. testified that appellant touched her with his
fingers and knuckles and described the act of using them to separate her labia majora. This
court has repeatedly held that the uncorroborated testimony of a rape victim, whether adult
or child, is sufficient to support a conviction, and that scientific evidence is not required.
Smith v. State, 354 Ark. 226, 118 S.W.3d 542 (2003) (citing Rains v. State, 329 Ark. 607, 953
S.W.2d 48 (1997)); see also Sherrill v. State, 329 Ark. 593, 952 S.W.2d 134 (1997). While the
victim had previously told different versions of her story, any inconsistencies in the testimony
At least one federal court has held that “penetration” of the anal or genital opening
of another, required for a finding of a sexual act under an aggravated sexual abuse statute,
includes penetration taking place through clothing. United States, v. Norman T., 129 F.3d
1099 (10th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1031 (1998).
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of a rape victim are matters of credibility for the jury to resolve. See Williams v. State, 331 Ark.
263, 267, 962 S.W.2d 329, 331 (1998) (citing Rains, supra; Puckett v. State, 324 Ark. 81, 918
S.W.2d 707 (1996)). It is within the province of the jury to accept or reject testimony as it
sees fit. Id. (citing Riggins v. State, 317 Ark. 636, 882 S.W.2d 664 (1994)). The jury chose to
believe the testimony that deviate sexual activity had occurred, and substantial evidence
supports the jury’s conclusion.
Affirmed.
KINARD and BROWN, JJ., agree.
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