Cox v. State
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 478
ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION IV
No. CACR09-1335
JOHN MARK COX
Opinion Delivered
APPELLANT
V.
STATE OF ARKANSAS
APPELLEE
JUNE 2, 2010
APPEAL FROM THE HOWARD
COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
[NO. CR-09-89-1]
HONORABLE TOM COOPER,
JUDGE,
AFFIRMED
KAREN R. BAKER, Judge
Appellant John Mark Cox challenges his Howard County jury conviction for domestic
battering in the second degree asserting that no substantial evidence existed to support a
finding that appellant’s mother suffered a “serious physical injury” as required to sustain a
conviction for battery in the second degree. In the alternative, he argues that the facts at trial
fit more squarely within the definition of third degree domestic battering and urges us to
amend the conviction. We find no error and affirm.
Domestic battering in the third degree occurs when a person, “[w]ith the purpose of
causing physical injury to a family or household member . . . causes physical injury to a family
or household member.” Ark. Code Ann. § 5-26-305(a)(2) (Repl. 2006). A person also
Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 478
commits domestic battering in the third degree if he or she recklessly causes physical injury
to a family or household member. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-26-305(a)(2) (Repl. 2006). A person
commits domestic battering in the second degree if “with the purpose of causing physical
injury to a family or household member, the person causes serious physical injury to a family
or household member.” Ark. Code Ann. § 5-26-304 (a)(1) (Repl. 2006). “Serious physical
injury” is defined as “physical injury that creates a substantial risk of death or that causes
protracted disfigurement, protracted impairment of health, or loss or protracted impairment
of the function of any bodily member or organ.” Ark. Code Ann. § 5-1-102(21) (Repl.
2006). See Butler v. State, 2009 Ark. App 695, ___ S.W.3d ___.
We treat a motion for directed verdict as a challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence.
In our review of the evidence, we seek to determine whether the verdict is supported by
substantial evidence. Turbyfill v. State, 92 Ark. App. 145, 211 S.W.3d 557 (2005). However,
we consider only the evidence that supports the conviction without weighing it against other
evidence that is favorable to the accused. Id. If the evidence is of sufficient certainty and
precision to compel a conclusion and pass beyond mere suspicion and conjecture, the
evidence is substantial. Id. Further, we do not weigh the credibility of the witnesses on appeal;
such matters are left to the fact-finder. Id. A jury is not required to believe the defendant’s
version of events because he is the person most interested in the outcome of the trial. Id.
Also, because of the difficulty in ascertaining intent, it is presumed that a person intends the
natural and probable consequences of his acts, and the fact-finder may draw upon common
knowledge and experience to infer the defendant’s intent from the circumstances. Id.
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 478
Appellant’s mother testified, and appellant conceded, that appellant head-butted her
twice with his forehead across the bridge of her nose, which resulted in a fractured nose. He
then grabbed her by her throat and threw her over the couch causing her to hit the back of
her head so hard on the floor that she urinated on herself. She sought emergency medical
care for her broken nose, could receive no medical treatment to repair it, and was forced to
deal with the pain as best she could with over-the-counter medication. Officer Greg Parker
of the City of Nashville Police Department described appellant’s mother’s nose as “badly
disfigured.” He further described the nose as “pushed all the way to the side” of her face
when he arrived on the scene, with blood, swelling, discoloring, and a large knot along the
bridge of the nose. The mother testified that she had tried to clean herself up before the
officer arrived.
Appellant argues that an untreatable, broken nose with no prolonged impairment or
protracted disfigurement does not constitute a serious physical injury. Despite his insistence,
whether a victim has sustained serious physical injury, as well as the question of temporary or
protracted impairment, are issues for the jury to decide. Id. In determining whether a
physical injury exists, a jury may consider the severity of the attack and may rely on its
common knowledge, experiences, and observations in life to make this determination. Id.
The jury observed the witnesses, their demeanor, and the victim’s physical appearance. We
hold that substantial evidence supports the jury’s finding that appellant’s mother suffered a
serious physical injury. See Enoch v. State, 37 Ark. App. 103, 826 S.W.2d 291 (1992)(victim
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Cite as 2010 Ark. App. 478
who suffered a bruised shoulder, nerve damage in his arm, and wore a brace for a week
suffered serious physical injuries).
Affirmed.
KINARD and BROWN, JJ., agree.
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