40 C.F.R. PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Title 40 - Protection of Environment
Authority: 15 U.S.C. 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2013.
Source: 41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, unless otherwise noted.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles. (b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles. (2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart. [49 FR 13847, Apr. 6, 1984] (a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1993 and later model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles. (b)(1) Manufacturers that produce only electric vehicles are exempt from the requirement of this subpart, except with regard to the requirements in those sections pertaining specifically to electric vehicles. (2) Manufacturers with worldwide production (excluding electric vehicle production) of less than 10,000 gasoline-fueled and/or diesel powered passenger automobiles and light trucks may optionally comply with the electric vehicle requirements in this subpart. [59 FR 39649, Aug. 3, 1994] (a) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein shall have the meaning given them in the Act: (1) “Act” means part I of title V of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.). (2) “Administrator” means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative. (3) “Secretary” means the Secretary of Transportation or his authorized representative. (4) “Automobile” means: (i) Any four-wheel vehicle propelled by a combustion engine using onboard fuel or by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage batteries or other portable energy storage devices (rechargeable using energy from a source off the vehicle such as residential electric service), (ii) Which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, or highways (except any vehicle operated on a rail or rails), (iii) Which is rated at not more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight, which has a curb weight of not more than 6,000 pounds, and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of not more than 45 square feet, or (iv) Is a type of vehicle which the Secretary determines is substantially used for the same purposes. (5) “Passenger Automobile” means any automobile which the Secretary determines is manufactured primarily for use in the transportation of no more than 10 individuals. (6) “Model Year” means the manufacturer's annual production period (as determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such calendar year. If a manufacturer has no annual production period, the term “model year” means the calendar year. (7) “Federal Emission Test Procedure” refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in part 86 for the respective model year, which are used to derive city fuel economy data for gasoline-fueled or diesel vehicles. (8) “Federal Highway Fuel Economy Test Procedure” refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in subpart B of this part and which are used to derive highway fuel economy data for gasoline-fueled or diesel vehicles. (9) “Fuel” means (i) gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles or (ii) electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles. (10) “Fuel Economy” means (i) the average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per gallon of gasoline or diesel fuel consumed as computed in §600.113 or §600.207 or (ii) the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically powered automobile as determined by the Secretary of Energy. (11) “City Fuel Economy” means the fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal emission test procedure. (12) “Highway Fuel Economy” means the fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal highway fuel economy test procedure. (13)(i) “Combined Fuel Economy” means the fuel economy value determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively, for gasoline-fueled and diesel vehicles. (ii) For electric vehicles, the term means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure promulgated by the Secretary of Energy. (14) “Average Fuel Economy” means the unique fuel economy value as computed under §600.510 for a specific class of automobiles produced by a manufacturer that is subject to average fuel economy standards. (15) “Certification Vehicle” means a vehicle which is selected under 40 CFR 86.084–24(b)(1) or 40 CFR 86.1824–01 as applicable, and is used to determine compliance under 40 CFR 86.084–30 or 40 CFR 86.1844–01 as applicable for issuance of an original certificate of conformity. (16) “Fuel Economy Data Vehicle” means a vehicle used for the purpose of determining fuel economy which is not a certification vehicle. (17) “Label” means a sticker that contains fuel economy information and is affixed to new automobiles in accordance with subpart D of this part. (18) “Dealer” means a person who resides or is located in the United States, any territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia and who is engaged in the sale or distribution of new automobiles to the ultimate purchaser. (19) “Model Type” means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class. (20) “Car Line” means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roof line, number of doors, seats, or windows, except for station wagons or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered to be different car lines than passenger cars. (21) “Basic Engine” means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished by number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst usage, and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, electrical charging system, energy storage device, and other components as specified by the Administrator. (22) “Transmission Class” means a group of transmissions having the following common features: Basic transmission type (manual, automatic, or semi-automatic); number of forward gears used in fuel economy testing (e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-speed semi-automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive; four wheel drive), type of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final gear ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter type, if applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and other transmission characteristics that may be determined to be significant by the Administrator. (23) “Base Level” means a unique combination of basic engine inertia weight class and transmission class. (24) “Vehicle Configuration” means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level. (25) “Engine Code” means, for gasoline-fueled and diesel vehicles, a unique combination, within an engine-system combination (as defined in part 86 of this chapter), of displacement, carburetor (or fuel injection) calibration, distributor calibration, choke calibration, auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and energy storage device. (26) “Inertia Weight Class” means the class, which is a group of test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86. (27) “Transmission Configuration” means the Administrator may further subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator determines that sufficient fuel economy differences exist. Features such as gear ratios, torque converter multiplication ratio, stall speed, shift calibration, or shift speed may be used to further distinguish characteristics within a transmission class. (28) “Axle Ratio” means the number of times the input shaft to the differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels. (29) “Auxiliary Emission Control Device (AECD)” means an element of design as defined in part 86. (30) “Rounded” means a number shortened to the specific number of decimal places in accordance with the “Round Off Method” specified in ASTM E 29–67. (31) “Calibration” means the set of specifications, including tolerances, unique to a particular design, version of application of a component, or component assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range. (32) “Production Volume” means, for a domestic manufacturer, the number of vehicle units domestically produced in a particular model year but not exported, and for a foreign manufacturer, means the number of vehicle units of a particular model imported into the United States. (33) “Body Style” means a level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats (i.e., front, second, or third seat) requiring seat belts pursuant to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety regulations. Station wagons and light trucks are identified as car lines. (34) “Hatchback” means a passenger automobile where the conventional luggage compartment, i.e., trunk, is replaced by a cargo area which is open to the passenger compartment and accessed vertically by a rear door which encompasses the rear window. (35) “Pickup Truck” means a nonpassenger automobile which has a passenger compartment and an open cargo bed. (36) “Station Wagon” means a passenger automobile with an extended roof line to increase cargo or passenger capacity, cargo compartment open to the passenger compartment, a tailgate, and one or more rear seats readily removed or folded to facilitate cargo carrying. (37) “Gross Vehicle Weight Rating” means the manufacturer's gross weight rating for the individual vehicle. (38) “Ultimate Consumer” means the first person who purchases an automobile for purposes other than resale or leases an automobile. (39) “Van” means any light truck having an integral enclosure fully enclosing the driver compartment and load-carrying device, and having no body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge of the windshield. (40) “Base Vehicle” means the lowest priced version of each body style that makes up a car line. (41) “Nonpassenger Automobile” means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.5. (42) “Four-Wheel-Drive General Utility Vehicle” means a four-wheel-drive, general purpose automobile capable of off-highway operation that has a wheelbase not more than 110 inches and that has a body shape similar to a 1977 Jeep CJ–5 or CJ–7, or the 1977 Toyota Land Cruiser, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 553.4. (43) “Test Weight” means the weight within an inertia weight class which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86. (44) “Secretary of Energy” means the Secretary of Energy or his authorized representative. (45) “Electric Traction Motor” means an electrically powered motor which provides tractive energy to the wheels of a vehicle. (46) “Energy Storage Device” means a rechargeable means of storing tractive energy on board a vehicle such as storage batteries or a flywheel. (47) “Motor Controller” means an electronic or electro-mechanical device to convert energy stored in an energy storage device into a form suitable to power the traction motor. (48) “Electrical Charging System” means a device to convert 60Hz alternating electric current, as commonly available in residential electric service in the United States, to a proper form for recharging the energy storage device. (49) “Battery Configuration” means the electrochemical type, voltage, capacity (in Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and physical characteristics of the battery used as the tractive energy storage device. (50) “Drive System” is determined by the number and location of drive axles (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive) and any other feature of the drive system if the Administrator determines that such other features may result in a fuel economy difference. (51) “Subconfiguration” means a unique combination, within a vehicle configuration of equivalent test weight, road-load horsepower, and any other operational characteristics or parameters which the Administrator determines may significantly affect fuel economy within a vehicle configuration. [49 FR 13841, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 49 FR 48049, Dec. 10, 1984; 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999] (a) As used in this subpart, all terms not defined in this section shall have the meaning given them in the Act: (1) Act means part I of title V of the Motor Vehicle Information and Cost Savings Act (15 U.S.C. 1901 et seq.). (2) Administrator means the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency or his authorized representative. (3) Secretary means the Secretary of Transportation or his authorized representative. (4) Automobile means: (i) Any four-wheel vehicle propelled by a combustion engine using onboard fuel, or by an electric motor drawing current from rechargeable storage batteries or other portable energy storage devices (rechargeable using energy from a source off the vehicle such as residential electric service); (ii) Which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, or highways (except any vehicle operated on a rail or rails); (iii) Which is rated at not more than 8,500 pounds gross vehicle weight, which has a curb weight of not more than 6,000 pounds, and which has a basic vehicle frontal area of not more than 45 square feet; or (iv) Is a type of vehicle which the Secretary determines is substantially used for the same purposes. (5) Passenger automobile means any automobile which the Secretary determines is manufactured primarily for use in the transportation of no more than 10 individuals. (6) Model year means the manufacturer's annual production period (as determined by the Administrator) which includes January 1 of such calendar year. If a manufacturer has no annual production period, the term “model year” means the calendar year. (7) Federal emission test procedure refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in part 86 for the respective model year, which are used to derive city fuel economy data. (8) Federal highway fuel economy test procedure refers to the dynamometer driving schedule, dynamometer procedure, and sampling and analytical procedures described in subpart B of this part and which are used to derive highway fuel economy data. (9) Fuel means: (i) Gasoline and diesel fuel for gasoline- or diesel-powered automobiles; or (ii) Electrical energy for electrically powered automobiles; or (iii) Alcohol for alcohol-powered automobiles; or (iv) Natural gas for natural gas-powered automobiles. (10) Fuel economy means: (i) The average number of miles traveled by an automobile or group of automobiles per volume of fuel consumed as computed in §600.113 or §600.207; or (ii) The equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy for an electrically powered automobile as determined by the Secretary of Energy. (11) City fuel economy means the fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal emission test procedure. (12) Highway fuel economy means the fuel economy determined by operating a vehicle (or vehicles) over the driving schedule in the Federal highway fuel economy test procedure. (13) Combined fuel economy means: (i) The fuel economy value determined for a vehicle (or vehicles) by harmonically averaging the city and highway fuel economy values, weighted 0.55 and 0.45 respectively. (ii) For electric vehicles, the term means the equivalent petroleum-based fuel economy value as determined by the calculation procedure promulgated by the Secretary of Energy. (14) Average fuel economy means the unique fuel economy value as computed under §600.510 for a specific class of automobiles produced by a manufacturer that is subject to average fuel economy standards. (15) Certification vehicle means a vehicle which is selected under §86.084–24(b)(1) of this chapter and used to determine compliance under §86.084–30 of this chapter for issuance of an original certificate of conformity. (16) Fuel economy data vehicle means a vehicle used for the purpose of determining fuel economy which is not a certification vehicle. (17) Label means a sticker that contains fuel economy information and is affixed to new automobiles in accordance with subpart D of this part. (18) Dealer means a person who resides or is located in the United States, any territory of the United States, or the District of Columbia and who is engaged in the sale or distribution of new automobiles to the ultimate purchaser. (19) Model type means a unique combination of car line, basic engine, and transmission class. (20) Car line means a name denoting a group of vehicles within a make or car division which has a degree of commonality in construction (e.g., body, chassis). Car line does not consider any level of decor or opulence and is not generally distinguished by characteristics as roof line, number of doors, seats, or windows, except for station wagons or light-duty trucks. Station wagons and light-duty trucks are considered to be different car lines than passenger cars. (21) Basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer, engine displacement, number of cylinders, fuel system (as distinguished by number of carburetor barrels or use of fuel injection), catalyst usage, and other engine and emission control system characteristics specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, basic engine means a unique combination of manufacturer and electric traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, electrical charging system, energy storage device, and other components as specified by the Administrator. (22) Transmission class means a group of transmissions having the following common features: Basic transmission type (manual, automatic, or semi-automatic); number of forward gears used in fuel economy testing (e.g., manual four-speed, three-speed automatic, two-speed semi-automatic); drive system (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive; four wheel drive), type of overdrive, if applicable (e.g., final gear ratio less than 1.00, separate overdrive unit); torque converter type, if applicable (e.g., non-lockup, lockup, variable ratio); and other transmission characteristics that may be determined to be significant by the Administrator. (23) Base level means a unique combination of basic engine, inertia weight class and transmission class. (24) Vehicle configuration means a unique combination of basic engine, engine code, inertia weight class, transmission configuration, and axle ratio within a base level. (25) Engine code means a unique combination, within an engine-system combination (as defined in part 86 of this chapter), of displacement, carburetor (or fuel injection) calibration, distributor calibration, choke calibration, auxiliary emission control devices, and other engine and emission control system components specified by the Administrator. For electric vehicles, engine code means a unique combination of manufacturer, electric traction motor, motor configuration, motor controller, and energy storage device. (26) Inertia weight class means the class, which is a group of test weights, into which a vehicle is grouped based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter. (27) Transmission configuration means the Administrator may further subdivide within a transmission class if the Administrator determines that sufficient fuel economy differences exist. Features such as gear ratios, torque converter multiplication ratio, stall speed, shift calibration, or shift speed may be used to further distinguish characteristics within a transmission class. (28) Axle ratio means the number of times the input shaft to the differential (or equivalent) turns for each turn of the drive wheels. (29) Auxiliary emission control device (AECD) means an element of design as defined in part 86 of this chapter. (30) Rounded means a number shortened to the specific number of decimal places in accordance with the “Round Off Method” specified in ASTM E 29 (Incorporated by reference as specified in §600.011–93). (31) Calibration means the set of specifications, including tolerances, unique to a particular design, version of application of a component, or component assembly capable of functionally describing its operation over its working range. (32) Production volume means, for a domestic manufacturer, the number of vehicle units domestically produced in a particular model year but not exported, and for a foreign manufacturer, means the number of vehicle units of a particular model imported into the United States. (33) Body style means a level of commonality in vehicle construction as defined by number of doors and roof treatment (e.g., sedan, convertible, fastback, hatchback) and number of seats (i.e., front, second, or third seat) requiring seat belts pursuant to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration safety regulations in 49 CFR part 571. Station wagons and light trucks are identified as car lines. (34) Hatchback means a passenger automobile where the conventional luggage compartment, i.e., trunk, is replaced by a cargo area which is open to the passenger compartment and accessed vertically by a rear door which encompasses the rear window. (35) Pickup truck means a nonpassenger automobile which has a passenger compartment and an open cargo bed. (36) Station wagon means a passenger automobile with an extended roof line to increase cargo or passenger capacity, cargo compartment open to the passenger compartment, a tailgate, and one or more rear seats readily removed or folded to facilitate cargo carrying. (37) Gross vehicle weight rating means the manufacturer's gross weight rating for the individual vehicle. (38) Ultimate consumer means the first person who purchases an automobile for purposes other than resale or leases an automobile. (39) Van means any light truck having an integral enclosure fully enclosing the driver compartment and load carrying device, and having no body sections protruding more than 30 inches ahead of the leading edge of the windshield. (40) Base vehicle means the lowest priced version of each body style that makes up a car line. (41) Nonpassenger automobile means an automobile that is not a passenger automobile, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 523.5. (42) Four-wheel-drive general utility vehicle means a four-wheel-drive, general purpose automobile capable of off-highway operation that has a wheelbase not more than 110 inches and that has a body shape similar to a 1977 Jeep CJ–5 or CJ–7, or the 1977 Toyota Land Cruiser, as defined by the Secretary of Transportation at 49 CFR 553.4. (43) Test weight means the weight within an inertia weight class which is used in the dynamometer testing of a vehicle, and which is based on its loaded vehicle weight in accordance with the provisions of part 86 of this chapter. (44) Secretary of Energy means the Secretary of Energy or his authorized representative. (45) Electric traction motor means an electrically powered motor which provides tractive energy to the wheels of a vehicle. (46) Energy storage device means a rechargeable means of storing tractive energy on board a vehicle such as storage batteries or a flywheel. (47) Motor controller means an electronic or electro-mechanical device to convert energy stored in an energy storage device into a form suitable to power the traction motor. (48) Electrical charging system means a device to convert 60Hz alternating electric current, as commonly available in residential electric service in the United States, to a proper form for recharging the energy storage device. (49) Battery configuration means the electrochemical type, voltage, capacity (in Watt-hours at the c/3 rate), and physical characteristics of the battery used as the tractive energy device. (50) Drive system is determined by the number and location of drive axles (e.g., front wheel drive, rear wheel drive, four wheel drive) and any other feature of the drive system if the Administrator determines that such other features may result in a fuel economy difference. (51) Subconfiguration means a unique combination within a vehicle configuration of equivalent test weight, road-load horsepower, and any other operational characteristics or parameters which the Administrator determines may significantly affect fuel economy within a vehicle configuration. (52) Alcohol means a mixture containing 85 percent or more by volume methanol, ethanol, or other alcohols, in any combination. (53) Alcohol-fueled automobile means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on alcohol. (54) Alcohol dual fuel automobile means an automobile: (i) Which is designed to operate on alcohol and on gasoline or diesel fuel; (ii) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in accordance with §600.510(g)(1) while operating on alcohol as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; (iii) Which, for model years 1993 through 1995, provides equal or superior energy efficiency, as determined in §600.510(g)(2) while operating on a mixture of alcohol and gasoline or diesel fuel containing 50 percent gasoline or diesel fuel as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (iv) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538. (55) “Natural gas-fueled automobile” means an automobile designed to operate exclusively on natural gas. (56) “Natural gas dual fuel automobile” means an automobile: (i) Which is designed to operate on natural gas and on gasoline or diesel fuel; (ii) Which provides equal or greater energy efficiency as calculated in §600.510(g)(1) while operating on natural gas as it does while operating on gasoline or diesel fuel; and (iii) Which, in the case of passenger automobiles, meets or exceeds the minimum driving range established by the Department of Transportation in 49 CFR part 538. (b) [Reserved] [59 FR 39650, Aug. 3, 1994] (a) The abbreviations used in this subpart have the same meaning as those in 40 CFR part 86, with the addition of the following: “MPG” means miles per gallon. GVWR—Gross Vehicle Weight Rating. [41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, as amended at 41 FR 49759, Nov. 10, 1976] (a) The model year of initial applicability is indicated by the section number. The two digits following the hyphen designate the first model year for which a section is effective. A section is effective until superseded. Example: Section 600.111–78 applies to the 1978 and subsequent model years until superseded. If a §600.111–81 is promulgated, it would take effect beginning with the 1981 model year; §600.111–78 would apply to model years 1978 through 1980. (b) A section reference without a model year suffix refers to the section applicable for the appropriate model year. [59 FR 39651, Aug. 3, 1994] The provisions of this section are applicable to all fuel economy data vehicles. Certification vehicles are required to meet the provisions of 40 CFR 86.000–7 or 40 CFR 86.1844–01, as applicable: (a) The manufacturer of any new motor vehicle subject to any of the standards or procedures prescribed in this part shall establish, maintain, and retain the following adequately organized and indexed records: (1) General records. (i) Identification and description of all vehicles for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part. (ii) A description of all procedures used to test each vehicle. (iii) A copy of the information required to be submitted under §600.006 fulfills the requirements of paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section. (2) Individual records. (i) A brief history of each vehicle for which data are submitted to meet the requirements of this part, in the form of a separate booklet or other document for each separate vehicles, in which must be recorded: (A) The steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its engine, drive train, fuel system, emission control system components, exhaust after treatment device, vehicle weight, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles. In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should describe the steps taken to ensure that the vehicle with respect to its electic traction motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or any other device or component, as applicable, will be representative of production vehicles. (B) A complete record of all emission tests performed under part 86, all fuel economy tests performed under part 600 (except tests actually performed by EPA personnel), and all electic vehicle tests performed according to procedures promulgated by DOE, including all individual worksheets and other documentation relating to each such test or exact copies thereof; the date, time, purpose, and location of each test; the number of miles accumulated on the vehicle when the tests began and ended; and the names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the tests. (C) A description of mileage accumulated since selection of buildup of such vehicles including the date and time of each mileage accumulation listing both the mileage accumulated and the name of each driver, or each operator of the automatic mileage accumulation device, if applicable. Additionally, a description of mileage accumulated prior to selection or buildup of such vechicle must be maintained in such detail as is available. (D) If used, the record of any devices employed to record the speed of mileage, or both, of the test vehicle in relationship to time. (E) A record and description of all maintenance and other servicing performed, within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing under this part, giving the date and time of the maintenance or service, the reason for it, the person authorizing it, and the names of supervisory personnel responsible for the conduct of the maintenance or service. A copy of the maintenance information to be submitted under §600,006–81 fulfills the requirements of this paragraph. (F) A brief description of any significant events affecting the vehicle during any time of the period covered by the history not described in an entry under one of the previous headings including such extraordinary events as vehicle accidents or driver speeding citations or warnings. (3) The manufacturer shall retain all records required under this subpart for a period of five years after the end of the model year to which they relate. Records may be retained as hard copy or reduced to microfilm, punch cards, etc., depending on the record retention procedures of the manufacturer, provided that in every case all the information contained in hard copy shall be retained. (b)(1) Any manufacturer who has supplied fuel economy data to meet the requirements of this part shall admit any EPA Enforcement Officer during operating hours upon presentation of credentials at any of the following: (i) Any facility where any fuel economy tests from which data are submitted or any procedures or activities connected with these tests are performed. (ii) Any facility where any new motor vehicle which is being, was, or is to be tested is present. (iii) Any facility where any construction process used in the modification or buildup of a vehicle into a fuel economy data vehicle is taking place or has taken place. (iv) Any facility where any record or other document relating to any of the above is located. (2) Upon admission to any facility referred to in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, the manufacturer shall allow any EPA Enforcement Officer: (i) To inspect and monitor any part or aspect of procedures, activities, and testing facilities, including, but not limited to, monitoring vehicle preconditioning; emission and fuel economy tests and mileage accumulation; maintenance; vehicle soak and storage procedures; and to verify correlation of calibration of test equipment; (ii) To inspect and make copies of any required records, designs, or other documents; and (iii) To inspect and photograph any part or aspect of any fuel economy vehicle and any components to be used in the construction thereof. (3) Any EPA Enforcement Officer will be furnished, by those in charge of facility being inspected, with such reasonable assistance as may be required to help discharge any function listed in this paragraph (b). Each manufacturer is required to have those in charge of the facility furnish such reasonable assistance without charge to EPA whether or not the manufacturer controls the facility. (4) The duty to admit any EPA Enforcement Officer shall be applicable whether or not the manufacturer owns or controls the facility in question and is applicable to both domestic and foreign manufacturers and facilities. An EPA Enforcement Officer will not attempt to make any inspections which the officer has been informed are in contravention of any law. However, if local law makes it impossible for the EPA Enforcement Officer to verify or to ensure the accuracy of data generated at a facility such that no informed judgment can properly be made as to the accuracy or reliability of data generated by or obtained for the facility, then a vehicle or data from that vehicle shall not be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part (unless the Administrator is otherwise convinced of the accuracy and reliability of such data). (5) For purposes of this paragraph (b): (i) “Presentation of credentials” means display of the document designating a person as an EPA Enforcement Officer. (ii) Where vehicle, component, or engine storage areas or facilities are concerned, “operating hours” shall mean all times during which personnel other than custodial personnel are at work in the vicinity of the area or facility and have access to it. (iii) For facilities or areas other than those covered by paragraph (b)(5)(ii) of this section, the term, “operating hours” will mean all times during which an assembly line is in operation or all times during which testing, maintenance, mileage accumulation, production or compilation of records, or any other procedure or activity related to fuel economy testing, or to vehicle manufacturer or assembly, is being carried out in a facility. (iv) “Reasonable assistance” means providing timely and unobstructed access to and opportunity for the copying of any record, book, paper, or document required to be maintained under this section and providing timely and unobstructed access to any motor vehicle, testing facility, or testing equipment. (v) Any entry without 24 hours prior written or oral notification to the affected manufacturer shall be authorized in writing by the Assistant Administrator for Enforcement. [45 FR 49259, July 24, 1980, as amended at 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999] (a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section. (b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle: (i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, and adjusted exhaust emission levels. (ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modifications (if any) from the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration. (iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect to which data are submitted: (A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures, (B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed, and (C) Is in compliance with the applicable exhaust emission standards. (2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request: (i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (ii) In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should provide a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (iv) In the case of electric vehicles, the manufacturer should provide a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (v) If calibrations for components in paragraph (b) of this section were submitted previously as part of the description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal may be referenced. (c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data: (1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 (other than those chosen in accordance with §86.084–24 (c) and (h)), the city and highway fuel economy results from all tests on that vehicle, and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results (excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and, if the data are used in fuel economy label calculations, the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling). (e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a manufacturer may provide fuel economy values derived from an analytical expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy values derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator. (f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described in the Application for Certification required in §86.084–21, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such procedures, equipment, and facilities. (g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel economy label calculations generated by vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following equation: FE4,000mi=FET [0.979+5.25×10−6(mi)]−1
Where: FE4,000mi=Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. FET=Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. mi=System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile. (2) For vehicles with 6,200 miles (10,000 kilometers) or less accumulated, the manufacturer is not required to adjust the data. [49 FR 13848, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 50 FR 27185, July 1, 1985] (a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section. (b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle: (i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, and adjusted exhaust emission levels. (ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modifications (if any) from the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration. (iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect to which data are submitted: (A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures, (B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed, and (C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards. (2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request: (i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (ii) In the case of electric vehicles, a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (iv) In the case of electric vehicles, a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (v) If calibrations for components specified in paragraph (b)(2) (iii) or (iv) of this section were submitted previously as part of the description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal may be referenced. (c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data: (1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of part 86 (other than those chosen in accordance with §86.085–24 (c) and (h)), the city and highway fuel economy results from all tests on that vehicle, and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results (excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and these test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling). (e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a manufacturer may provide fuel economy values derived from an analytical expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy values derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator. (f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described in the Application for Certification required in §86.087–21, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such procedures, equipment, and facilities. (g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel economy label calculations in subpart D and average fuel economy calculations in subpart F for passenger automobiles within the categories identified in paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) of §600.510. The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with (g)(3) or (g)(4) as applicable. (2) The manufacturer shall only adjust the test data used for fuel economy label calculations, in subpart D for light trucks within the categories identified in paragraphs (a)(3) through (a)(6) of §600.510. The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with (g)(3) or (g)(4) as applicable. (3) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data generated by vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following equation: FE4,000mi=FET[0.979+5.25 × 10−6 (mi)]−1
Where: FE4,000mi=Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. FET=Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. mi=System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile. (4) For vehicles with 6,200 miles or less accumulated, the manufacturer is not required to adjust the data. [50 FR 27185, July 1, 1985] (a) For certification vehicles with less than 10,000 miles, the requirements of this section are considered to have been met except as noted in paragraph (c) of this section. (b)(1) The manufacturer shall submit the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle: (i) A description of the vehicle, exhaust emission test results, applicable deterioration factors, adjusted exhaust emission levels, and test fuel property values as specified in §600.113–93 except as specified in paragraph (h) of this section. (ii) A statement of the origin of the vehicle including total mileage accumulation, and modification (if any) form the vehicle configuration in which the mileage was accumulated. (For modifications requiring advance approval by the Administrator, the name of the Administrator's representative approving the modification and date of approval are required.) If the vehicle was previously used for testing for compliance with part 86 of this chapter or previously accepted by the Administrator as a fuel economy data vehicle in a different configuration, the requirements of this paragraph may be satisfied by reference to the vehicle number and previous configuration. (iii) A statement that the fuel economy data vehicle, with respect to which data are submitted: (A) Has been tested in accordance with applicable test procedures, (B) Is, to the best of the manufacturer's knowledge, representative of the vehicle configuration listed, and (C) Is in compliance with applicable exhaust emission standards. (2) The manufacturer shall retain the following information for each fuel economy data vehicle, and make it available to the Administrator upon request: (i) A description of all maintenance to engine, emission control system, or fuel system, or fuel system components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (ii) In the case of electric vehicles, a description of all maintenance to electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components performed within 2,000 miles prior to fuel economy testing. (iii) A copy of calibrations for engine, fuel system, and emission control devices, showing the calibration of the actual components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (iv) In the case of electric vehicles, a copy of calibrations for the electric motor, motor controller, battery configuration, or other components on the test vehicle as well as the design tolerances. (v) If calibrations for components specified in paragraph (b)(2) (iii) or (iv) of this section were submitted previously as part of the description of another vehicle or configuration, the original submittal may be referenced. (c) The manufacturer shall submit the following fuel economy data: (1) For vehicles tested to meet the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 (other than those chosen in accordance with 40 CFR 86.1829–01(a) or 40 CFR 86.1844–01), the city and highway fuel economy results from all tests on that vehicle, and the test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (2) For each fuel economy data vehicle, all individual test results (excluding results of invalid and zero mile tests) and these test results adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) of this section. (d) The manufacturer shall submit an indication of the intended purpose of the data (e.g., data required by the general labeling program or voluntarily submitted for specific labeling). (e) In lieu of submitting actual data from a test vehicle, a manufacturer may provide fuel economy values derived from an analytical expression, e.g., regression analysis. In order for fuel economy values derived from analytical methods to be accepted, the expression (form and coefficients) must have been approved by the Administrator. (f) If, in conducting tests required or authorized by this part, the manufacturer utilizes procedures, equipment, or facilities not described in the Application for Certification required in 40 CFR 86.087–21 or 40 CFR 86.1844–01 as applicable, the manufacturer shall submit to the Administrator a description of such procedures, equipment, and facilities. (g)(1) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data used for fuel economy label calculations in subpart D and average fuel economy calculations in subpart F for the classes of automobiles within the categories identified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of §600.510. The test data shall be adjusted in accordance with paragraph (g) (3) or (4) as applicable. (2) [Reserved] (3) The manufacturer shall adjust all test data generated by vehicles with engine-drive system combinations with more than 6,200 miles by using the following equation: FE4,000mi=FET[0.979+5.25×10−6 (mi)]−1
Where: FE4,000mi=Fuel economy data adjusted to 4,000-mile test point rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. FET=Tested fuel economy value rounded to the nearest 0.1 mpg. mi=System miles accumulated at the start of the test rounded to the nearest whole mile. (4) For vehicles with 6,200 miles or less accumulated, the manufacturer is not required to adjust the data. (h) For light-duty fuel economy trucks over 6000 lbs GVWR, the manufacturer must submit emissions data generated while using the following test weight basis: (1) Adjusted Loaded Vehicle Weight (ALVW) as defined in §86.094–2 of this chapter; or (2) Loaded Vehicle Weight (LVW) as defined in §86.082–2 of this chapter, in which case the Administrator reserves the right to either require the manufacturer to test using ALVW and submit the data or submit the vehicle for testing by the Administrator for emission standards compliance. [51 FR 37850, Oct. 24, 1986, as amended at 59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994; 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999] (a) All certification vehicles and other vehicles tested to meet the requirements of 40 CFR part 86 (other than those chosen per 40 CFR 86.080–24(c) or 40 CFR 86.1829–01(a) as applicable, are considered to have met the requirements of this section. (b) Any vehicle not meeting the provisions of paragraph (a) must be judged acceptable by the Administrator under this section in order for the test results to be reviewed for use in subpart C or F of this part. The Administrator will judge the acceptability of a fuel economy data vehicle on the basis of the information supplied by the manufacturer under §600.006(b). The criteria to be met are: (1) A fuel economy data vehicle may have accumulated not more than 10,000 miles. A vehicle will be considered to have met this requirement if the engine and drivetrain have accumulated 10,000 or fewer miles. The components installed for a fuel economy test are not required to be the ones with which the mileage was accumulated, e.g., axles, transmission types, and tire sizes may be changed. The Administrator will determine if vehicle/engine component changes are acceptable. (2) A vehicle may be tested in different vehicle configurations by change of vehicle components, as specified in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, or by testing in different inertia weight classes. Also, a single vehicle may be tested under different test conditions, i.e., test weight and/or road load horsepower, to generate fuel economy data representing various situations within a vehicle configuration. For purposes of this part, data generated by a single vehicle tested in various test conditions will be treated as if the data were generated by the testing of multiple vehicles. (3) The mileage on a fuel economy data vehicle must be, to the extent possible, accumulated according to 40 CFR 86.079–26(a)(2) or 40 CFR 86.1831–01 as applicable. (4) Each fuel economy data vehicle must meet the same exhaust emission standards as certification vehicles of the respective engine-system combination during the test in which the city fuel economy test results are generated. The deterioration factors established for the respective engine-system combination per §86.079–28 or §86.1841–01 as applicable will be used. (5) The calibration information submitted under §600.006(b) must be representative of the vehicle configuration for which the fuel economy data were submitted. (6) Any vehicle tested for fuel economy purposes must be representative of a vehicle which the manufacturer intends to produce under the provisions of a certificate of conformity. (7) For vehicles imported under §85.1509 or §85.1511 (b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(2), (c)(4), or (e)(2) (when applicable) only the following requirements must be met: (i) For vehicles imported under §85.1509, a highway fuel economy value must be generated contemporaneously with the emission test used for purposes of demonstrating compliance with §85.1509. No modifications or adjustments should be made to the vehicles between the highway fuel economy and the FTP emissions test. (ii) For vehicles imported under §85.1509 or §85.1511 (b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(2), (c)(4) or (e)(2) (when applicable) with over 10,000 miles, the equation in §600.006–86 (g)(1) shall be used as though only 10,000 miles had been accumulated. (iii) Any required fuel economy testing must take place after any safety modifications are completed for each vehicle as required by regulations of the Department of Transportation. (iv) Every vehicle imported under §85.1509 or §85.1511 (b)(2), (b)(4), (c)(2), (c)(4) or (e)(2) (when applicable) shall be considered a separate type for the purposes of calculating a fuel economy label for a manufacturer's average fuel economy. (c) If, based on review of the information submitted under §600.006(b), the Administrator determines that a fuel economy data vehicle meets the requirements of this section, the fuel economy data vehicle will be judged to be acceptable and fuel economy data from that fuel economy data vehicle will be reviewed pursuant to §600.008. (d) If, based on the review of the information submitted under §600.006(b), the Administrator determines that a fuel economy data vehicle does not meet the requirements of this section, the Administrator will reject that fuel economy data vehicle and inform the manufacturer of the rejection in writing. (e) If, based on a review of the emission data for a fuel economy data vehicle, submitted under §600.006(b), or emission data generated by a vehicle tested under §600.008(e), the Administrator finds an indication of non-compliance with section 202 of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq. of the regulation thereunder, he may take such investigative actions as are appropriate to determine to what extent emission non-compliance actually exists. (1) The Administrator may, under the provisions of 40 CFR 86.079–37(a) or 40 CFR 86.1830–01 as applicable, request the manufacturer to submit production vehicles of the configuration(s) specified by the Administrator for testing to determine to what extent emission noncompliance of a production vehicle configuration or of a group of production vehicle configurations may actually exist. (2) If the Administrator determines, as a result of his investigation, that substantial emission non-compliance is exhibited by a production vehicle configuration or group of production vehicle configurations, he may proceed with respect to the vehicle configuration(s) as provided under section 206(b)(2) or section 207(c)(1), as applicable of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq. (f) All vehicles used to generate fuel economy data, and for which emission standards apply, must be covered by a certificate of conformity under part 86 of this chapter before: (1) The data may be used in the calculation of any approved general or specific label value, or (2) The data will be used in any calculations under subpart F, except that vehicles imported under §§85.1509 and 85.1511 need not be covered by a certificate of conformity. [42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52928, Nov. 14, 1978; 49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984; 52 FR 36164, Sept. 25, 1987; 59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994; 64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999] (a) Testing by the Administrator. (1) The Administrator may require that any one or more of the test vehicles be submitted to the Agency, at such place or places as the Agency may designate, for the purposes of conducting fuel economy tests. The Administrator may specify that such testing be conducted at the manufacturer's facility, in which case instrumentation and equipment specified by the Administrator shall be made available by the manufacturer for test operations. Any testing conducted at a manufacturer's facility pursuant to this paragraph shall be scheduled by the manufacturer as promptly as possible. (2) Retesting and official data determination. For any vehicles selected for confirmatory testing under the provisions of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, the Administrator will follow this procedure: (i) The manufacturer's data (or harmonically averaged data if more than one test was conducted) will be compared with the results of the Administrator's test. (ii) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the comparison in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section indicates a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the city test or the highway test or both as applicable. (A) The manufacturer's average test results and the results of the Administrator's first test will be compared with the results of the Administrator's second test as in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section. (B) If, in the Administrator's judgment, both comparisons in paragraph (a)(2)(i)(A) of this section, indicate a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the city fuel economy test or highway fuel economy test or both as applicable until: (1) In the Administrator's judgment no disparity in the data is indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator or by comparison of the manufacturer's average test results and a test by the Administrator; or (2) Four city tests or four highway tests or both, as applicable, are conducted by the Administrator in which a disparity in the data is indicated when compared as in paragraph (a)(2)(ii) of this section. (iii) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity indicated by comparison of manufacturer's average test results with a test by the Administrator, the test values generated by the Administrator will be used to represent the vehicle. (iv) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator, the harmonic averages of the city and highway fuel economy results from those tests will be used to represent the vehicle. (v) If the situation in paragraph (a)(2)(ii)(B)(2) of this section occurs, the Administrator will notify the manufacturer, in writing, that the Administrator rejects that fuel economy data vehicle. (b) Manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing. (1) If the Administrators determines not to conduct a confirmatory test under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, manufacturers will conduct a confirmatory test at their facility after submitting the original test data to the Administrator whenever any of the following conditions exist: (i) The vehicle configuration has previously failed an emission standard; (ii) The test exhibits high emission levels determined by exceeding a percentage of the standards specified by the Administrator for that model year; (iii) The fuel economy value of the test is higher than expected based on procedures approved by the Administrator; (iv) The fuel economy value is close to a Gas Guzzler Tax threshold value based on tolerances established by the Administrator for that model year; or (v) The fuel economy value is a potential fuel economy leader for a class of vehicles based on Administrator provided cut points for that model year. (2) If the Administrator selects the vehicle for confirmatory testing based on the manufacturer's original test results, the testing shall be conducted as ordered by the Administrator. In this case, the manufacturer-conducted confirmatory testing specified under paragraph (b)(1) of this section would not be required. (3) The manufacturer shall conduct a retest of the FTP or highway test if the difference between the fuel economy of the confirmatory test and the original manufacturer's test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage to be applied consistently to all manufacturer conducted confirmatory testing as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator). (i) The manufacturer may, in lieu of conducting a retest, accept the lower of the original and confirmatory test fuel economy results for use in subpart C or F of this part. (ii) The manufacturer shall conduct a second retest of the FTP or highway test if the fuel economy difference between the second confirmatory test and the original manufacturer test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator) and the fuel economy difference between the second confirmatory test and the first confirmatory test equals or exceeds three percent (or such lower percentage as requested by the manufacturer and approved by the Administrator). The manufacturer may, in lieu of conducting a second retest, accept the lowest of the original test, the first confirmatory test, and the second confirmatory test fuel economy results for use in subpart C or F of this part. (c) Review of fuel economy data. (1) Fuel economy data must be judged reasonable and representative by the Administrator in order for the test results to be used for the purposes of subpart C or F of this part. In making this determination, the Administrator will, when possible, compare the results of a test vehicle to those of other similar test vehicles. (2) If testing was conducted by the Administrator under the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section, the fuel economy data determined by the Administrator under paragraph (a) of this section, together with all other fuel economy data submitted for that vehicle under §600.006(c) or (e) will be evaluated for reasonableness and representativeness per paragraph (c)(1) of this section. (i) The fuel economy data which are determined to best meet the criteria of paragraph (c) (1) of this section will be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (ii) City and highway test data will be considered separately. (iii) If more than one test was conducted, the Administrator may select an individual test result or the harmonic average of selected test results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. (3) If confirmatory testing was not conducted by the Administrator but confirmatory testing was conducted by the manufacturer under the provisions of paragraph (b) of this section, the fuel economy data determined by the Administrator under paragraph (b) of this section, will be evaluated for reasonableness and representativeness per paragraph (c)(1) of this section. (i) The fuel economy data which are determined to best meet the criteria of paragraph (c)(1) of this section will be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (ii) City and highway test data will be considered separately. (iii) If more than one test was conducted, the Administrator may select an individual test result or the harmonic average of selected test results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (c)(2)(i) of this section. (4) If no confirmatory testing was conducted by either the Administrator or the manufacturer under the provisions of paragraph (a) and (b) of this section, respectively, then the data submitted under the provisions of §600.006(c) or (e) shall be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (i) City and highway test data will be considered separately. (ii) If more than one test was conducted, the harmonic average of the test results shall be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (d) If, based on a review of the fuel economy data generated by testing under paragraph (a) of this section, the Administrator determines that an unacceptable level of correlation exists between fuel economy data generated by a manufacturer and fuel economy data generated by the Administrator, he/she may reject all fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer until the cause of the discrepancy is determined and the validity of the data is established by the manufacturer. (e)(1) If, based on the results of an inspection conducted under §600.005(b) or any other information, the Administrator has reason to believe that the manufacturer has not followed proper testing procedures or that the testing equipment is faulty or improperly calibrated, or if records do not exist that will enable him to make a finding of proper testing, the Administrator may notify the manufacturer in writing of his finding and require the manufacturer to: (i) Submit the test vehicle(s) upon which the data are based or additional test vehicle(s) at a place he may designate for the purpose of fuel economy testing. (ii) Conduct such additional fuel economy testing as may be required to demonstrate that prior fuel economy test data are reasonable and representative. (2) Previous acceptance by the Administrator of any fuel economy test data submitted by the manufacturer shall not limit the Administrator's right to require additional testing under paragraph (h)(1) of this section. (3) If, based on tests required under paragraph (e)(1) of this section, the Administrator determines that any fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer and used to calculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average was unrepresentative, the Administrator may recalculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average based on fuel economy data that he/she deems representative. (4) A manufacturer may request a hearing as provided in §600.009 if the Administrator decides to recalculate the manufacturer's average pursuant to determinations made relative to this section. [64 FR 23973, May 4, 1999] (a) Fuel economy data must be judged acceptable by the Administrator in order for the test results to be used for the purposes of subpart C or F of this part. The Administrator will evaluate the acceptability of the fuel economy data from either a fuel economy data vehicle or a certification vehicle on the basis of the data submitted under §600.006 or test data generated by the Administrator, as applicable, in accordance with good engineering practice. (b) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the city and highway fuel economy results (or the harmonic averages, as applicable, if more than one test were conducted) for a fuel economy data vehicle, or for a certification vehicle, are reasonable and representative, the Administrator will accept the fuel economy data (or harmonic averages, as applicable, of the city and highway fuel economy data if more than one test was conducted) for use in subpart C or F of this part. In making this determination, the Administrator will, when possible, compare the results of a test vehicle to those of other similar test vehicles. (c) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the city and highway fuel economy results (or the harmonic averages if more than one test were conducted) for a fuel economy data vehicle or for a certification vehicle are not reasonable or representative, the Administrator will notify the manufacturer in writing of his finding and require the manufacturer to submit the test vehicle(s) in question, at a place he may designate, for the purpose of fuel economy testing. (d) The Administrator may require that any fuel economy data vehicle or certification vehicle be submitted, at a place he may designate, for the purpose of confirmation of fuel economy testing. (e) For any fuel economy data vehicle that the Administrator has required to be submitted, at a place he may designate for the purpose of fuel economy testing, and for any certification vehicle, the Administrator will follow this procedure: (1) The manufacturer's data (or harmonically averaged data if more than one test was conducted) will be compared with the results of the Administrator's test. (2) If, in the Administrator's judgment, the comparison in paragraph (e)(1) of this section indicates a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the city test or the highway test or both as applicable. (i) The manufacturer's average test results and the results of the Administrator's first test will be compared with the results of the Administrator's second test as in paragraph (e)(1) of this section. (ii) If, in the Administrator's judgment, both comparisons in (e)(2)(i) of this section, indicate a disparity in the data, the Administrator will repeat the city fuel economy test or highway fuel economy test or both as applicable until: (A) In the Administrator's judgment no disparity in the data is indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator or by comparison of the manufacturer's average test results and a test by the Administrator, or (B) Four city tests or four highway tests or both, as applicable, are conducted by the Administrator in which a disparity in the data is indicated when compared as in paragraph (e)(2) of this section. (3) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity indicated by comparison of manufacturer's average test results with a test by the Administrator, the test values generated by the Administrator will be used to represent the vehicle. (4) If there is, in the Administrator's judgment, no disparity indicated by comparison of two tests by the Administrator, the harmonic averages of the city and highway fuel economy results from those tests will be used to represent the vehicle. (5) If the situation in paragraph (e)(2)(ii)(B) of this section occurs, the Administrator will notify the manufacturer, in writing, that the Administrator rejects that fuel economy data vehicle. (f) The fuel economy data determined by the Administrator under paragraph (e) (3) or (4) of this section, together with all other fuel economy data submitted for that vehicle under §600.006 (c) or (e) will be evaluated for reasonableness and representativeness per paragraph (b) of this section. The fuel economy data which are determined to best meet the criteria of paragraph (b) of this section will be accepted for use in subpart C or F of this part. (g) If, based on a review of the fuel economy data generated by testing under paragraph (e) of this section, the Administrator determines that an unacceptable level of correlation exists between fuel economy data generated by a manufacturer and fuel economy data generated by the Administrator, he may reject all fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer until the cause of the discrepancy is determined and the validity of the data is established by the manufacturer. (h)(1) If, based on the results of an inspection conducted under §600.005(b) or any other information, the Administrator has reason to believe that the manufacturer has not followed proper testing procedures or that the testing equipment is faulty or improperly calibrated, or if records do not exist that will enable him to make a finding of proper testing, the Administrator may notify the manufacturer in writing of his finding and require the manufacturer to: (i) Submit the test vehicle(s) upon which the data are based or additional test vehicle(s) at a place he may designate for the purpose of fuel economy testing. (ii) Conduct such additional fuel economy testing as may be required to demonstrate that prior fuel economy test data are reasonable and representative. (2) Previous acceptance by the Administrator of any fuel economy test data submitted by the manufacturer shall not limit the Administrator's right to require additional testing under paragraph (h)(1) of this section. (3) If, based on tests required under paragraph (h)(1) of this section, the Administrator determines that any fuel economy data submitted by the manufacturer and used to calculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average was unrepresentative, the Administrator may recalculate the manufacturer's fuel economy average based on fuel economy data that he deems representative. (4) A manufacturer may request a hearing as provided in §600.009 if the Administrator decides to recalculate the manufacturer's average pursuant to determinations made relative to this section. [41 FR 38685, Sept. 10, 1976, as amended at 41 FR 49760, Nov. 10, 1976] (a)(1) If the Administrator rejects the following: (i) The use of a manufacturer's fuel economy data vehicle, in accordance with§600.008 (e) or (g), or (ii) The use of fuel economy data, in accordance with §600.008 (c), or (f), or (iii) The determination of a vehicle configuration, in accordance with §600.206(a), or (iv) The identification of a car line, in accordance with §600.002(a)(20), or (v) The fuel economy label values determined by the manufacturer under §600.312(a), then (2)(i) The manufacturer may, within 30 days following receipt of notification of rejection, request a hearing on the Administrator's decision. (ii) The request must be in writing, signed by an authorized representative of the manufacturer, and include a statement specifying the manufacturer's objections to the Administrator's determinations, and data in support of such objection. (iii) If, after the review of the request and supporting data, the Administrator finds that the request raises a substantial factual issue(s), the Administrator shall provide the manufacturer with an opportunity to request a hearing in accordance with the provisions of this section with respect to such issue(s). (b)(1) After granting a request for a hearing under paragraph (a) of this section the Administrator will designate a Presiding Officer for the hearing. (2) The General Counsel will represent the Environmental Protection Agency in any hearing under this section. (3) If a time and place for the hearing has not been fixed by the Administrator under paragraph (a) of this section the hearing will be held as soon as practicable at a time and place fixed by the Administrator or by the Presiding Officer. (c)(1) Upon his appointment pursuant to paragraph (a) of this section, the Presiding Officer shall establish a hearing file. The file consists of the notice issued by the Administrator under paragraph (a) of this section together with any accompanying material, the request for a hearing and the supporting data submitted therewith and correspondence and other data material to the hearing. (2) The hearing file will be available for inspection by the applicant at the office of the Presiding Officer. (d) A manufacturer may appear in person, or may be represented by counsel or by any other duly authorized representative. (e)(1) The Presiding Officer upon the request of any party, or in his discretion, may arrange for a prehearing conference at a time and place specified by the Presiding Officer to consider the following: (i) Simplification and clarification of the issue; (ii) Stipulations, admissions of fact, and the introduction of documents; (iii) Limitation of the number of expert witnesses; (iv) Possibility of agreement disposing of all or any of the issues in dispute; (v) Such other matters as may aid in the disposition of the hearing, including such additional tests as may be agreed upon by the parties. (2) The results of the conference shall be reduced to writing by the Presiding Officer and made part of the record. (f)(1) Hearings shall be conducted by the Presiding Officer in an informal but orderly and expeditious manner. The parties may offer oral or written evidence, subject to the exclusion by the Presiding Officer of irrelevant, immaterial and repetitious evidence. (2) Witnesses will not be required to testify under oath. However, the Presiding Officer shall call to the attention of witnesses that their statements may be subject to the provisions of 19 U.S.C. 1001 which imposes penalties for knowingly making false statements or representations, or using false documents in any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States. (3) Any witnesses may be examined or cross-examined by the Presiding Officer, the parties, or their representatives. (4) Hearings shall be reported verbatim. Copies of transcripts of proceedings may be purchased by the applicant from the reporter. (5) All written statements, charts, tabulations, and similar data offered in evidence at the hearing shall, upon a showing satisfactory to the Presiding Officer of their authority, relevancy, and materiality, be received in evidence and shall constitute a part of the record. (6) Oral argument may be permitted in the discretion of the Presiding Officer and will be reported as part of the record unless otherwise ordered. (g)(1) The Presiding Officer will make an initial decision which shall include written findings and conclusions and the reasons or basis therefore on all material issues of fact, law or discretion presented on the record. The findings, conclusions, and written decisions shall be provided to the parties and made a part of the record. The initial decision shall become the decision of the Administrator without further proceedings unless there is an appeal to the Administrator or motion for review by the Administrator within 20 days of the date the initial decision was filed. (2) On appeal from or review of the initial decision the Administrator will have all the powers which he would have in making the initial decision including the discretion to require or allow briefs, oral argument, the taking of additional evidence or the remanding to the Presiding Officer for additional proceedings. The decision by the Administration will include written findings and conclusions and the reasons or basis therefor on all the material issues of fact, law or discretion presented on the appeal or considered in the review. (h) A manufacturer's use of any fuel economy data which the manufacturer challenges pursuant to this section shall not constitute final acceptance by the manufacturer nor prejudice the manufacturer in the exercise of any appeal pursuant to this section challenging such fuel economy data. [49 FR 13844, Apr. 6, 1984; 49 FR 48149, Dec. 10, 1984] (a) For each certification vehicle defined in this part, and for each vehicle tested according to the emission test procedures in 40 CFR part 86 for addition of a model after certification or approval of a running change (40 CFR 86.079–32, 86.079–33 and 86.082–34 or 40 CFR 86.1842–01 as applicable): (1) The manufacturer shall generate city fuel economy data by testing according to the applicable procedures. (2) The manufacturer shall generate highway fuel economy data by: (i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or (ii) Using an analytical technique, as described in §600.006(e). (3) The data generated in paragraphs (a) (1) and (2) of this section, shall be submitted to the Administrator in combination with other data for the vehicle required to be submitted in part 86. (b) For each fuel economy data vehicle: (1) The manufacturer shall generate city fuel economy data and highway fuel economy data by: (i) Testing according to applicable procedures, or (ii) Use of an analytical technique as described in §600.006(e), in addition to testing (e.g., city fuel economy data by testing, highway fuel economy data by analytical technique). (2) The data generated shall be submitted to the Administrator according to the procedures in §600.006. (c) Minimum data requirements for labeling. (1) In order to establish fuel economy label values under §600.306, the manufacturer shall use only test data accepted in accordance with §600.008 (b) and (f) and meeting the minimum coverage of: (i) Data required for emission certification under 40 CFR 86.084–24, 86.079–32, 86.079–33, and 86.082–34 or 40 CFR 86.1828–01 and 86.1842–01 as applicable, (ii) Data from the highest projected model year sales subconfiguration within the highest projected model year sales configuration for each base level, and (iii) For additional model types established under §600.207(a)(2), data from each subconfiguration included within the model type. (2) For the purpose of recalculating fuel economy label values as required under §600.314(b), the manufacturer shall submit data required under §600.507. (d) Minimum data requirements for the manufacturer's average fuel economy. For the purpose of calculating the manufacturer's average fuel economy under §600.510, the manufacturer shall submit data representing at least 90 percent of the manufacturer's actual model year production, by configuration, for each category identified for calculation under §600.510(a). [49 FR 13848, Apr. 6, 1984, as amended at 64 FR 23975, May 4, 1999] (a) Incorporation by reference. The documents in paragraph (b) of this section have been incorporated by reference. The incorporation by reference was approved by the Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies may be inspected at USEPA, OAR, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460, or at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030, or go to: http://www.archives.gov/federal_register/code_of_federal_regulations/ibr_locations.html. (b) The following paragraphs and tables set forth the material that has been incorporated by reference in this part. (1) ASTM material. The following table sets forth material from the American Society for Testing and Materials which has been incorporated by reference. The first column lists the number and name of the material. The second column lists the section(s) of this part, other than §600.011, in which the matter is referenced. Copies of these materials may be obtained from American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103. (2) [Reserved] [59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994, as amended at 69 FR 18803, Apr. 9, 2004] Source: 42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, unless otherwise noted.
(a) The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1986 and later model year gasoline-fueled and diesel automobiles. [49 FR 13849, Apr. 6, 1984] The provisions of this subpart are applicable to 1993 and later model year gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel automobiles. [59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994] The definitions in §600.002 apply to this subpart. The abbreviations in §600.003 apply to this subpart. The section numbering system set forth in §600.004 applies to this subpart. The recordkeeping requirements set forth in §600.005 apply to this subpart. The requirements for test equipment to be used for all fuel economy testing are given in §§86.106, 86.107, 86.108, 86.109, and 86.111 of this chapter, as applicable. (a) The test fuel specifications for gasoline-fueled automobiles are given in paragraph (a)(1) of §86.113 of this chapter. (b) The test fuel specifications for diesel automobiles are given in paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of §86.113 of this chapter. (a) The test fuel specifications for gasoline-fueled automobiles are given in §86.113(a) (1) and (2) of this chapter. (b) The test fuel specifications for diesel-fueled automobiles are given in §86.113(b) (1) through (3) of this chapter. (c) The test fuel specifications for methanol fuel used in Otto-cycle automobiles are given in §86.113(a) (3) and (4) of this chapter. (d) The test fuel specifications for methanol fuel used in diesel cycle automobiles are given in §86.113(b) (4) through (6) of this chapter. (e) The test fuel specifications for mixtures of petroleum and methanol fuels for methanol dual fuel vehicles are given in §86.113(d) of this chapter. (f) The specification range of the fuels to be used under paragraphs (c) and (d) of this section shall be reported in accordance with §86.090–21(b)(3) of this chapter. [59 FR 39652, Aug. 3, 1994] The analytical gases for all fuel economy testing must meet the criteria given in §86.114 of this chapter. (a) The driving cycle to be utilized for generation of the city fuel economy data is prescribed in §86.115 of this chapter. (b) The driving cycle to be utilized for generation of the highway fuel economy data is specified in this paragraph. (1) The Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule is set forth in appendix I to this part. The driving schedule is defined by a smooth trace drawn through the specified speed versus time relationships. (2) The speed tolerance at any given time on the dynamometer driving schedule specified in appendix I, or as printed on a driver's aid chart approved by the Administrator, when conducted to meet the requirements of paragraph (b) of §600.111 is defined by upper and lower limits. The upper limit is 2 mph higher than the highest point on trace within 1 second of the given time. The lower limit is 2 mph lower than the lowest point on the trace within 1 second of the given time. Speed variations greater than the tolerances (such as may occur during gear changes) are acceptable provided they occur for less than 2 seconds on any occasion. Speeds lower than those prescribed are acceptable provided the vehicle is operated at maximum available power during such occurrences. (3) A graphic representation of the range of acceptable speed tolerances is found in paragraph (c) of §86.115 of this chapter. The equipment used for fuel economy testing must be calibrated according to the provisions of §86.116 of this chapter. (a) The test procedures to be followed for generation of the city fuel economy data are those prescribed in §§86.127–94 through 86.138–78 of this chapter, as applicable. (The evaporative and refueling loss portions of the test procedure may be omitted unless specifically required by the Administrator.) (b) The test procedures to be followed for generation of the highway fuel economy data are those specified in §600.111–78 (b) through (h) inclusive. (1) The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer Procedure consists of a preconditioning highway driving sequence and a measured highway driving sequence. (2) The highway fuel economy test is designated to simulate non-metropolitan driving with an average speed of 48.6 mph and a maximum speed of 60 mph. The cycle is 10.2 miles long with 0.2 stops per mile and consists of warmed-up vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer through a specified driving cycle. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust emissions is collected continuously for subsequent analysis using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler. Diesel dilute exhaust is continuously analyzed for hydrocarbons using a heated sample line and analyzer. (3) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor vehicle must be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. The Administrator may authorize maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure. (c) Transmission. The provisions of §86.128 of this chapter apply for vehicle transmission operation during highway fuel economy testing under this subpart. (d) Road load power and test weight determination. Section 86.129 of this chapter applies for determination of road load power and test weight for highway fuel economy testing. The test weight for the testing of a certification vehicle will be that test weight specified by the Administrator under the provisions of part 86. The test weight for a fuel economy data vehicle will be that test weight specified by the Administrator from the test weights covered by that vehicle configuration. The Administrator will base his selection of a test weight on the relative projected sales volumes of the various test weights within the vehicle configuration. (e) Vehicle preconditioning. The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer Procedure is designed to be performed immediately following the Federal Emission Test Procedure, §§86.127 through 86.138 of this chapter. When conditions allow, the tests should be scheduled in this sequence. In the event the tests cannot be scheduled within three hours of the Federal Emission Test Procedure (including one hour hot soak evaporation loss test, if applicable) the vehicle should be preconditioned as in paragraph (e)(1) or (2) of this section, as applicable. (1) If the vehicle has experienced more than three hours of soak (68 °F–86 °F) since the completion of the Federal Emission Test Procedure, or has experienced periods of storage outdoors, or in environments where soak temperature is not controlled to 68 °F–86 °F, the vehicle must be preconditioned by operation on a dynamometer through one cycle of the EPA Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule, §86.115 of this chapter. (2) In unusual circumstances where additional preconditioning is desired by the manufacturer, the provisions of paragraph (a)(3) of §86.132 of this chapter apply. (f) Highway fuel economy dynamometer procedure. (1) The dynamometer procedure consists of two cycles of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (§600.109 (b)) separated by 15 seconds of idle. The first cycle of the Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule is driven to precondition the test vehicle and the second is driven for the fuel economy measurement. (2) The provisions of paragraphs (b), (c), (e), (f), (g), and (h) of §86.135 Dynamometer procedure of this chapter, apply for highway fuel economy testing. (3) Only one exhaust sample and one background sample are collected and analyzed for hydrocarbons (except diesel hydrocarbons which are analyzed continuously), carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. (4) The fuel economy measurement cycle of the test includes two seconds of idle indexed at the beginning of the second cycle and two seconds of idle indexed at the end of the second cycle. (g) Engine starting and restarting. (1) If the engine is not running at the initiation of the highway fuel economy test (preconditioning cycle), the start-up procedure must be according to the manufacturer's recommended procedures. (2) False starts and stalls during the preconditioning cycle must be treated as in paragraphs (d) and (e) of §86.136 of this chapter. If the vehicle stalls during the measurement cycle of the highway fuel economy test, the test is voided, corrective action may be taken according to §86.079-25 of this chapter, and the vehicle may be rescheduled for test. The person taking the corrective action shall report the action so that the test records for the vehicle contain a record of the action. (h) Dynamometer test run. The following steps must be taken for each test: (1) Place the drive wheels of the vehicle on the dynamometer. The vehicle may be driven onto the dynamometer. (2) Open the vehicle engine compartment cover and position the cooling fan(s) required. Manufacturers may request the use of additional cooling fans for additional engine compartment or under-vehicle cooling and for controlling high tire or brake temperatures during dynamometer operation. (3) Preparation of the CVS must be performed before the measurement highway driving cycle. (4) Equipment preparation. The provisions of paragraphs (b) (3) through (5) inclusive of §86.137 of this chapter apply for highway fuel economy test except that only one exhaust sample collection bag and one dilution air sample collection bag need be connected to the sample collection systems. (5) Operate the vehicle over one Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified in paragraph (b) of §600.109. (6) When the vehicle reaches zero speed at the end of the preconditioning cycle, the driver has 17 seconds to prepare for the emission measurement cycle of the test. Reset and enable the roll revolution counter. (7) Operate the vehicle over one Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule cycle according to the dynamometer driving schedule specified in paragraph (b) of §600.109 while sampling the exhaust gas. (8) Sampling must begin two seconds before beginning the first acceleration of the fuel economy measurement cycle and must end two seconds after the end of the deceleration to zero. At the end of the deceleration to zero speed, the roll or shaft revolutions must be recorded. [42 FR 45657, Sept. 12, 1977, as amended at 43 FR 52929, Nov. 14, 1978; 59 FR 16309, Apr. 6, 1994] (a) The test procedures to be followed for generation of the city fuel economy data are those prescribed in §§86.127 through 86.138 of this chapter, as applicable, except as provided for in paragraph (d) of this section. (The evaporative loss portion of the test procedure may be omitted unless specifically required by the Administrator.) (b) The test procedures to be followed for generation of the highway fuel economy data are those specified in paragraphs (b) through (j) of this section. (1) The Highway Fuel Economy Dynamometer Procedure consists of preconditioning highway driving sequence and a measured highway driving sequence. (2) The highway fuel economy test is designated to simulate non-metropolitan driving with an average speed of 48.6 mph and a maximum speed of 60 mph. The cycle is 10.2 miles long with 0.2 stop per mile and consists of warmed-up vehicle operation on a chassis dynamometer through a specified driving cycle. A proportional part of the diluted exhaust emission is collected continuously for subsequent analysis of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide using a constant volume (variable dilution) sampler. Diesel dilute exhaust is continuously analyzed for hydrocarbons using a heated sample line and analyzer. Methanol and formaldehyde samples are collected and individually analyzed for methanol-fueled vehicles (measurement of methanol and formaldehyde may be omitted for 1993 through 1994 model year methanol-fueled vehicles provided a HFID calibrated on methanol is used for measuring HC plus methanol). (3) Except in cases of component malfunction or failure, all emission control systems installed on or incorporated in a new motor vehicle must be functioning during all procedures in this subpart. The Administrator may authorize maintenance to correct component malfunction or failure. (c) Transmission. The provisions of §86.128 of this chapter apply for vehicle transmission operation during highway fuel economy testing under this subpart. (d) Road load power and test weight determination. Section 86.129 of this chapter applies for determination of road load power and test weight for highway fuel economy testing. The test weight for the testing of a certification vehicle will be that test weight spec
Title 40: Protection of Environment
PART 600—FUEL ECONOMY OF MOTOR VEHICLES
Section Contents
§ 600.001-86 General applicability.
§ 600.001-93 General applicability.
§ 600.002-85 Definitions.
§ 600.002-93 Definitions.
§ 600.003-77 Abbreviations.
§ 600.004-77 Section numbering, construction.
§ 600.005-81 Maintenance of records and rights of entry.
§ 600.006-86 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
§ 600.006-87 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
§ 600.006-89 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
§ 600.007-80 Vehicle acceptability.
§ 600.008-01 Review of fuel economy data, testing by the Administrator.
§ 600.008-77 Review of fuel economy data, testing by the Administrator.
§ 600.009-85 Hearing on acceptance of test data.
§ 600.010-86 Vehicle test requirements and minimum data requirements.
§ 600.011-93 Reference materials.
§ 600.101-86 General applicability.
§ 600.101-93 General applicability.
§ 600.102-78 Definitions.
§ 600.103-78 Abbreviations.
§ 600.104-78 Section numbering, construction.
§ 600.105-78 Recordkeeping.
§ 600.106-78 Equipment requirements.
§ 600.107-78 Fuel specifications.
§ 600.107-93 Fuel specifications.
§ 600.108-78 Analytical gases.
§ 600.109-78 EPA driving cycles.
§ 600.110-78 Equipment calibration.
§ 600.111-80 Test procedures.
§ 600.111-93 Test procedures.
§ 600.112-78 Exhaust sample analysis.
§ 600.113-78 Fuel economy calculations.
§ 600.113-88 Fuel economy calculations.
§ 600.113-93 Fuel economy calculations.
§ 600.201-86 General applicability.
§ 600.201-93 General applicability.
§ 600.202-77 Definitions.
§ 600.203-77 Abbreviations.
§ 600.204-77 Section numbering, construction.
§ 600.205-77 Recordkeeping.
§ 600.206-86 Calculation and use of fuel economy values for gasoline-fueled, diesel, and electric vehicle configurations.
§ 600.206-93 Calculation and use of fuel economy values for gasoline-fueled, diesel-fueled, electric, alcohol-fueled, natural gas-fueled, alcohol dual fuel, and natural gas dual fuel vehicle configurations.
§ 600.207-86 Calculation of fuel economy values for a model type.
§ 600.207-93 Calculation of fuel economy values for a model type.
§ 600.208-77 Sample calculation.
§ 600.209-85 Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.
§ 600.209-95 Calculation of fuel economy values for labeling.
§ 600.301-86 General applicability.
§ 600.301-95 General applicability.
§ 600.302-77 Definitions.
§ 600.303-77 Abbreviations.
§ 600.304-77 Section numbering, construction.
§ 600.305-77 Recordkeeping.
§ 600.306-86 Labeling requirements.
§ 600.307-86 Fuel economy label format requirements.
§ 600.307-95 Fuel economy label format requirements.
§ 600.310-86 Labeling of high altitude vehicles.
§ 600.311-86 Range of fuel economy for comparable automobiles.
§ 600.312-86 Labeling, reporting, and recordkeeping; Administrator reviews.
§ 600.313-01 Timetable for data and information submittal and review.
§ 600.313-86 Timetable for data and information submittal and review.
§ 600.314-01 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for comparable automobiles.
§ 600.314-86 Updating label values, annual fuel cost, Gas Guzzler Tax, and range of fuel economies for comparable automobiles.
§ 600.315-82 Classes of comparable automobiles.
§ 600.316-78 Multistage manufacture.
§ 600.401-77 General applicability.
§ 600.402-77 Definitions.
§ 600.403-77 Abbreviations.
§ 600.404-77 Section numbering, construction.
§ 600.405-77 Dealer requirements.
§ 600.406-77 [Reserved]
§ 600.407-77 Booklets displayed by dealers.
§ 600.501-85 General applicability.
§ 600.501-86 General applicability.
§ 600.501-93 General applicability.
§ 600.502-81 Definitions.
§ 600.503-78 Abbreviations.
§ 600.504-78 Section numbering, construction.
§ 600.505-78 Recordkeeping.
§ 600.507-86 Running change data requirements.
§ 600.509-86 Voluntary submission of additional data.
§ 600.510-86 Calculation of average fuel economy.
§ 600.510-93 Calculation of average fuel economy.
§ 600.511-80 Determination of domestic production.
§ 600.512-01 Model year report.
§ 600.512-86 Model year report.
§ 600.513-81 Gas Guzzler Tax.
§ 600.513-91 Gas Guzzler Tax.
Appendix I to Part 600—Highway Fuel Economy Driving Schedule (Applicable to 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles)
Appendix II to Part 600—Sample Fuel Economy Calculations
Appendix III to Part 600—Sample Fuel Economy Label Calculation (1977 Model Year)
Appendixes IV–VII to Part 600 [Reserved]
Appendix VIII to Part 600—Fuel Economy Label Formats
Subpart A—Fuel Economy Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles—General Provisions
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§ 600.001-86 General applicability.
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§ 600.001-93 General applicability.
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§ 600.002-85 Definitions.
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§ 600.002-93 Definitions.
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§ 600.003-77 Abbreviations.
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§ 600.004-77 Section numbering, construction.
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§ 600.005-81 Maintenance of records and rights of entry.
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§ 600.006-86 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
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§ 600.006-87 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
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§ 600.006-89 Data and information requirements for fuel economy vehicles.
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§ 600.007-80 Vehicle acceptability.
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§ 600.008-01 Review of fuel economy data, testing by the Administrator.
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§ 600.008-77 Review of fuel economy data, testing by the Administrator.
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§ 600.009-85 Hearing on acceptance of test data.
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§ 600.010-86 Vehicle test requirements and minimum data requirements.
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§ 600.011-93 Reference materials.
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------------------------------------------------------------------------ Document number and name 40 CFR part 600 reference------------------------------------------------------------------------ASTM E 29-67 (Reapproved 1973) 600.002-93(a)(30); 600.113-93(d) Standard Recommended Practice for Indicating which Places of Figures are to be Considered Significant in Specified Limiting Values.ASTM D 1298-85 (Reapproved 1990) 600.113-93(c)(1)(i), (c)(2)(i)(A), Standard Practice for Density, (c)(2)(i)(B), (c)(2)(ii); 600.510- Relative Density (Specific 93 (g)(1)(ii)(B), (g)(2)(ii)(B). Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method.ASTM D 3343-90 Standard Test Method 600.113-93(c)(1)(ii), (c)(2)(ii). for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation Fuels.ASTM D 3338-92 Standard Test Method 600.113-93(c)(1)(iii). for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation Fuels.ASTM D 240-92 Standard Test Method 600.113-93(c)(2)(iii); 600.510-93 for Heat of Combustion of Liquid (g)(1)(ii)(A), (g)(2)(ii)(A). Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter.------------------------------------------------------------------------
Subpart B—Fuel Economy Regulations for 1978 and Later Model Year Automobiles—Test Procedures
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§ 600.101-86 General applicability.
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§ 600.101-93 General applicability.
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§ 600.102-78 Definitions.
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§ 600.103-78 Abbreviations.
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§ 600.104-78 Section numbering, construction.
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§ 600.105-78 Recordkeeping.
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§ 600.106-78 Equipment requirements.
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§ 600.107-78 Fuel specifications.
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§ 600.107-93 Fuel specifications.
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§ 600.108-78 Analytical gases.
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§ 600.109-78 EPA driving cycles.
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§ 600.110-78 Equipment calibration.
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§ 600.111-80 Test procedures.
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§ 600.111-93 Test procedures.
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