US Laws, Codes, Statutes & Cases

(3) The appraisal of the property before the taking must be a complete narrative-type appraisal containing adequate market data to support the total value. The report then must also include a full appraisal on the remainder portion of the property consisting of a full description of the residue immediately after the taking and a complete set of market data and sales other than those used in the “before” evaluation. If the remainder parcel has diminished in value as a result of the taking, the appraiser must have adequate support and justification for the reduction in value.

(4) In the case of partial takings, consideration must also be given to offsetting benefits applicable to the remaining property. A combination of legal interpretation of the law and judicial decisions with regard to such benefits must be used in determining whether offsetting benefits are applicable. Reference is made to paragraph A-9 and A-10 in the “Uniform Appraisal Standards For Federal Land Acquisitions.”

(5) Paragraph A-13 of the “Uniform Appraisal Standards” is also referenced in connection with guidance regarding “navigation servitude.”

(e) Appraisal Certificate. (1) No appraisal report will be considered acceptable without appropriate certification by the appraiser responsible for the contents of the report and the conclusion of values. The certification can be in the front or the back of the report, consistent with Division or District policy.

(2) An appropriate certification shall be substantially in accordance with the following: I certify that I have carefully examined the property described herein and that the estimates as developed in the report represent my unbiased opinion and judgment. I further certify that I have no interest, past, present or prospective, in the subject property which would affect my opinion and that the present fair market value of the (insert estate appraisal) is subject only to all the assumptions and limitations as specifically set forth. (Date and signature of appraiser.)

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(a) Definition. (1) The fair rental value of the property is the amount which, in a competitive market, a well-informed and willing lessee would pay and which a well-informed and willing lessor would accept for the temporary use and enjoyment of the property.

(2) Appraisals to establish fair rental values will be made in accordance with acceptable standards of appraisal applicable to the particular type of property and in accordance with general appraisal practices and procedures heretofore described in relating to all appraisal work. The preparation of time-consuming and lengthy appraisal reports should be kept to a minimum, particularly with regard to rental properties of low value. A brief summary of the essential facts will be sufficient to support leases by the Government of building space or unimproved land where the net rental value is not in excess of $3,600 per annum.

(b) Applicability. All provisions of this subpart are applicable to “inleasing” of real property for use of the Government, and equally applicable to “outleasing” of Government-owned real property. Section 644.45(l) Government Quarters, is normally applicable only to “outleasing” of quarters to civilian employees. The provisions are, however, also considered valid considerations in appraising “inleases,” wherein privately-owned housing is being rented for occupancy by military personnel in lieu of quarters allowances.

(c) Services. In the absence of an agreement or contract, a lessor is not bound to furnish any utilities or building services of any kind, and such services may not be acquired under the power of eminent domain. It is, therefore, necessary for the appraiser to include in his report as separate items the estimated cost of all customary services that may be required to permit the normal use and occupancy of the property.

(d) Market value of fee. (1) Where temporary use of an entire building or other independent unit of an ownership is proposed, the appraisal will ordinarily report both the market value of the fee title and the fair annual rental value. However, no appraisal of fair market value of fee title is required in any case where assessed value, supported by statement of the assessor and ENG Form 869–R (15% Valuation Certificate), can be used for compliance with existing law, Section 322 of the Act of June 30, 1932 (40 U.S.C. 278a), known as the “Economy Act.” Fee value is not required for land only leases, as the Economy Act is not applicable.

(2) An exception to the above procedure is in regard to the appraisal of family housing units. As an alternative, the appraiser can support his rental valuation by use of comparable rentals and a statement that the lease value does not exceed 15% of the fair market value.

(e) Lease of minor portions of buildings. Where appraisals are required to establish rental value of a minor portion of a building, it will not be necessary to estimate the fee value of the entire property, provided that the net annual rental does not exceed $2,000. A sound rental value can ordinarily be estimated by comparison with established rentals in subject property and in adjacent similar properties in the community. However, care should be exercised to insure the reasonableness of the reported comparable rental values. The appraiser's report must include sufficient data on these current rentals to support adequately the rental estimate for the subject space.

(f) Unexpired lease. Where the premises to be acquired are occupied by tenants under leases which cannot be terminated at will by the landlord, the appraiser's report will set forth in detail the terms of the existing leases and will show the value of the tenant's interest. The value of the tenant's interest is based on the fair rental value (economic rent) of the part of the property occupied by the tenant for the unexpired term of the lease, or for the term condemned, whichever is shorter, less the rent which the tenant is obligated to pay (contract rent) under the existing lease. The difference between the economic and contract rent is known as “bonus rent.”

(g) Bonus value. Wherein a “bonus rent” is reflected as being the difference between economic and contract rent, a full narrative discussion will be included in the report. It is of paramount importance that the present economic rental be supported by the rental market data. The “bonus value” is the present worth of the discounted bonus rent.

(h) Rental appraisal report. The appraisal report will contain adequate facts and discussions relative to the following:

(1) Land description, showing street frontages and lot depths.

(2) Adequate description of improvements and furnishings, including type of construction, total floor space, floor load for storage space, number of rentable rooms, or income-producing space, nonproductive or public space, total cubic content, and reproduction cost of improvements less depreciation.

(3) Assessed valuation and lawful ratio to market value, if the annual rental value exceeds $2,000.

(4) Analysis and discussions of current rentals of similar properties and rental history of the property appraised.

(5) Discussion of the appraisal process and rental rates applicable to the terms of the proposed lease, particularly as to any differential in the rate of return applicable to customary long term rentals.

(6) Statement showing distribution of appraised annual rental as allocated to fixed charges and fair rate of return on land, buildings, and any furnishings or equipment that are included in the proposed taking.

(i) Special purpose properties. Appraisals to estimate the rental value of hotels, clubs, hospitals, and other highly specialized properties will include full information on the income capacity of the property under average competent management and under accepted standards of operation for the particular type of property involved. The appraisal reports will, among other things, contain an analysis and discussion of the following items:

(1) Financial history of property, including indebtedness, the actual past income or earnings of the property based upon audit reports for the past five years or longer, and any unaudited current months of the fiscal year. In the absence of audits, corporate statements may be furnished if properly certified.

(2) Discussion of the past operation and management methods with comments relative to any excessive or insufficient charges appearing in the financial statements obtained.

(3) Appraiser's estimate of the stabilized income of the property.

(4) Appraiser's estimate of profits available for typical lessee-operator.

(5) Recommendations of the appraiser as to the relative merits of acquiring fee title to the property as against acquiring a leasehold interest.

(j) Farms and rural properties. Appraisals to estimate the rental value of farms and other types of rural properties will report the present market value of the fee title, the fair annual rental value, and any direct damage to growing crops, standing timber, or improvements to be removed or destroyed. The damage will be reported separately from the rental value in order to permit the reflection of the damage in the primary rental term.

(k) Industrial installations. (1) Appraisal reports will be obtained to support all leases of industrial installations or portions thereof. It is important that appraisals of operating industrial installations be prepared by specially qualified appraisers or consultants intimately familiar with the particular processes and production capabilities and related factors having any bearing on the value of a particular plant.

(2) The appraisers selected to estimate the rental value should be fully informed as to all known prospective lessees and the amount of any bids, or offers made for the use of the property, and as to all terms, conditions, and limitations under which the property will be made available for use or operation.

(3) The appraisal reports will include a detailed inventory setting forth all physical factors pertaining to the land, buildings, machinery, and equipment and an adequate discussion of all local factors influencing the profitable use of the facility. Data pertinent to the prevailing rentals for other Government and privately-owned industrial plants and warehouses considered reasonably similar to the facilities to be leased will also be included. The conclusions of the appraiser as to other matters of importance to the Department of the Army in its leasing operations will likewise be presented. The appraiser should bear in mind that idle manufacturing plants, and all industrial properties, as a general rule, are valuable only to the extent and degree that they are usable in actual production. It is also a generally accepted economic fact that the plant and fixed equipment (real estate) is the production factor for which a return can ordinarily be realized after the cost of all other factors in production has been provided. Military necessity has required the construction of many plants which are designed for special purposes and which may tend to defeat the ordinary approaches to the market rental value problem. In the absence of comparable rentals of similar properties or other reliable comparative guides to value for temporary use, market rental value should be estimated with particular consideration to the following methods:

(i) Reasonable return on estimated fair value. For this purpose “fair value” is defined as the prudent cost of reproduction less depreciation of only that portion of the property that is readily adaptable or capable of competition with alternative properties which may be available to or constructed by the proposed lessees. Items of equipment and any portions of a plant that do not directly contribute to the specific use may be eliminated from consideration and the rental return estimated only on items and space actually adaptable for use in the proposed enterprise. The appraiser is particularly concerned with any competitive disadvantages or penalties accruing to subject property by comparison with the alternatives available to prospective users. The rental estimate should therefore be appropriately modified with respect to adequate allowances for amortization of necessary alterations to be made by the lessee. Other operating disadvantages that might tend, from the competitive viewpoint, to result in increased operating cost or other penalties that might in any way be brought forward in negotiations to establish an acceptable rental price must also be considered.

(ii) Ratio of plant costs to productive capacity. In many lines of industrial enterprise, it may be possible to obtain comparable operating experience ratios with reference to relation of average annual real estate costs or plant investment charges to the gross annual production. The difficulties of estimating production levels and obtaining sufficiently accurate data as to actual operating experience are fully appreciated. Suggested sources of such information are annual statements of prospective lessees and their competitors. It is believed that this approach to the appraisal problem is fundamentally sound, particularly so when there is an indicated demand for the full capacity of an industrial plant as originally designed, and that this method will serve as a reasonable check and balance against return on “fair value.” It should also be very helpful as a guide to the rate of capitalization in the “fair value” approach to the rental problem.

(iii) Taxes. The appraisal will not be influenced by the fact that the Government is not presently required to pay taxes on the property.

(iv) Savings. When appropriate, the estimated savings in maintenance, protection, repair and restoration, if any, will be obtained by the Management and Disposal Branch from the using service or other competent authority and furnished to the appraiser preparing the appraisal report.

(l) Government quarters. (1) Rental schedules for Government quarters furnished to civilian employees will be supported by written appraisal reports reflecting adequate coverage of the following items:

(i) Construction details. Physical description of quarters will include the general grade of construction work, materials and decorations, number of rooms, floor space, porches, garages, general appearance and condition.

(ii) Equipment and accessories:

Refrigeration

(iii) Furniture and furnishings.

(iv) Site conditions:

Lot size

(v) Neighborhood development and data:

Local zoning regulation

(vi) Comparable rental data. Data will include results of a comprehensive survey of current rental rates applicable to the most similar privately-owned housing in the nearest competitive or comparable neighborhood or community. Typical rental rates will be compiled, analyzed and tabulated, and subject properties identified and described in the same manner as prescribed above for Government quarters. The appraisal report should include a vicinity map showing location of rental units listed for comparison in relation to the location of the quarters being appraised.

(vii) Comparative relationships. The appraisal report will include a discussion of relative merits of Government quarters by comparison with private housing units. Rental rates of housing controlled by governmental agencies or subsidized by private industry will not be used as a basis for comparison.

(viii) Correlation of rental units. A discussion of basic reasoning supporting the final rental value unit for each distinctive rental bracket is imperative.

(ix) Photographs. Photographs of typical views of the quarters appraised and typical private housing units cited as comparable rentals will be included in each report.

(x) Appraisal certificate. Rental appraisal reports will not be considered acceptable without appropriate certification substantially in accordance with: “I certify that the above rental values represent my unbiased opinion of the present fair market rental value of the quarters described. I am not now a tenant residing in such quarters nor do I have any intention of becoming a tenant therein.”

(2) Reappraisals of rental quarters are required every fifth year subsequent to previous appraisal. Rental rates will be adjusted annually between appraisals by application of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, and as further required in accordance with Transmittal Memorandum No. 2, OMB Circular A-45, revised October 30, 1974.

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(a) Definition. An easement is a property right of specified use and enjoyment falling short of fee ownership. It follows that the value of an easement is less than the market value of fee title to the same portion of property (exclusive of severance damages to residual portions).

(b) Measure of value. The measure of compensation for an easement is the amount by which market value of the ownership is diminished by the imposition of the easement. This should be developed by use of the “before” and “after” method of appraisal, the difference being the value of the taking.

(c) Flowage easements. (1) The appraisal of flowage easements will not be undertaken until flood frequency surveys have been completed and approved by proper authority. The flood frequency data will be made available to the appraisers with the definite understanding that it is to be accepted as one of the controlling factors in estimating the market value of the easements. The appraiser's certificate should be qualified to include the assumption that the frequency data is correct and that he has no responsibility therefore.

(2) The market value of fee simple title to each property over which a flowage easement is required will first be appraised in the usual manner. This estimate will be followed by appraisal of the market value of the property after imposition of the easement. The market value of the easement is then computed on the basis of the amount the market value of fee title is reduced by imposition of the easement. The appraiser will give full consideration to all factors having a bearing on the reduction in value of the parcel on which the easement is to be imposed. Each appraisal report will include complete information as to estimated flood frequency pertaining to each parcel appraised.

(3) The appraiser's major problem in appraising tracts having considerable value is the development of his value estimate after the imposition of the easement. The market data approach to value is limited in this phase of the appraisal to index sales of land reflecting the “use adaptability” of lands to a less profitable purpose. Typical of such change in highest and best use are the conversion of row crop land and orchard land to pasture and forestry. Likewise, the cost approach to value is applicable only to land improvements and structures to be removed or destroyed. It is, therefore, considered essential that flowage easement appraisals reflect, in adequate detail, changes in utility by the development and use of the earnings approach to value before and after imposition in all cases involving lands capable of producing income. The ratios thus developed in “before” and “after” values for income producing lands should prove to be helpful in developing appropriate ratios for nonproductive lands.

(4) In those instances where the type of land, topography, flood frequency and duration data clearly indicate that a minimal change in value (not to exceed $100) will result from exercise of the required rights, a brief appraisal is authorized. The appraisal report will contain as a minimum a complete statement of pertinent facts, including information regarding flood frequency and duration data pertaining to the property appraised. In the event condemnation is required to acquire the necessary rights, an acceptable “before” and “after” appraisal will be prepared prior to the institution of condemnation proceedings.

(5) A tract map showing each contour level of varying flood frequency will be made a part of each appraisal report. This map should facilitate review of the appraisals and serve as an aid to the negotiator in his contacts.

(d) Other easements. It is recognized that many other types of easements, i.e., road, pipeline, restrictive, borrow, transmission line, flight, spoil, etc. are to be appraised. In all instances, the measure of value is still the same, the amount by which the market value of the ownership is diminished by the imposition.

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(a) Minerals. (1) In all cases, the value of the subsurface will be included or accounted for in the appraisal report in such manner that negotiations may be readily conducted to acquire or extinguish subsurface rights if they are outstanding in third parties or if it develops that the vendors desire to reserve them. In those instances where minerals are held separately in large blocks underlying several individual surface tracts, a statement to this effect should be included and the plan for appraising the mineral estate identified. Unless the person who is appraising the surface has had training and experience in appraising minerals, the subsurface appraisal should be made separately by an appraiser qualified to perform this service. Since the removal of certain minerals may destroy the usefulness of the surface, care should be exercised to avoid duplication of value.

(2) In the event that subsurface valuation is unfamiliar to the Division or District requiring same, HQDA (DAEN-REE) WASH DC 20314 should be contacted for advice and recommendations. Mineral valuation engineers within the Corps may be utilized on a cost reimburseable basis for furnishing gross or tract appraisals.

(b) Timber. (1) Where the land being appraised has only young trees or timber not of merchantable size, the value thereof will be included with the value of the land. If the timber is of merchantable size, a timber cruise will be made by a professional forester and the timber classified in the appraisal according to species, type, range of size, quantity, unit value, and total value. A discussion of logging, haulage, and market conditions will be given. The total value of timber shall be the amount by which the timber enhances the market value of the bare land.

(2) Extreme care must be exercised in the use of separate timber estimates for appraising timber land, so as to avoid “doubling up.” Where a timber cruise or estimate is used, comparable sales of recently timbered land should be used to support the remaining land value. Where such sales are not available, care must be utilized to extract the timber value from sales of timber land. The optimum situation would be to have sales that were also cruised; however, this does not often happen.

(c) Growing crops. (1) Crop appraisals will not ordinarily be necessary except in those cases where the Division or District has determined that possession of the cropland is necessary prior to the normal harvest period. Where the Division or District Engineer has determined that the landowner or his tenant cannot be permitted to harvest the crops, they will be appraised as separate property items.

(2) The crop appraisal will identify the crops by type, number of acres, estimated yield per acre taking into account all hazards, the unit value, gross market value at maturity based upon current local prices for the commodities less cost of bringing to maturity, harvest, and delivering to available markets. The expected harvest period will be reported, together with other pertinent information, in order to indicate an approximate date when the cropland may be available for construction purposes.

(d) Use of Government-owned property. (1) An appraisal will be made, when required, to justify the consideration reserved in all leases, licenses and easements, except those specifically mentioned in paragraph (d)(3) of this section. The appraisal will be made in accordance with acceptable standards applicable to the particular type of property and the use to be made thereof in the proposed grant, and in accordance with the general appraisal practices and standards heretofore outlined in this chapter. Ordinarily the appraisals of property involving substantial improvements will include, in addition to complete coverage of all factors influencing the use of the property appraised, complete information as to the following:

(i) Data of acquisition and completion of Government construction.

(ii) Complete cost data as to original purchase price and Government construction.

(iii) Detailed discussion of the predominant uses to which the property is adaptable.

(iv) Competitive position of the property with respect to availability of privately-owned properties for similar use.

(v) Estimate of market value of fee title.

(vi) Estimate of annual rental value assuming unrestricted use over a reasonable period of time.

(vii) Estimate of annual rental value under proposed Government restrictions.

(2) Time consuming and lengthy appraisal reports should be avoided in the case of low value grants involving Government-owned property. The consideration in such cases may be substantiated by a simplified appraisal report by a qualified appraiser setting forth only such facts as are required to validate his conclusions as to value. In such instances, a physical inspection of the property may be waived where the appraiser is sufficiently familiar with the property under appraisals and local market conditions to prepare a reasonable value estimate of the estate to be appraised. When a property is not physically inspected, it will be so noted in the appraisal report. The decision concerning the necessity for a physical inspection of the property and analyzing local market conditions will rest with the appraiser signing the appraisal certificate since he is personally responsible for the value conclusion developed in the appraisal report. A low value grant for the purpose of this paragraph is defined as any grant for which the fair market rental value (before applying any offset in rental for estimated savings in maintenance, protection, repair and restoration) does not exceed the following:

Easement—$500 for the term.

(3) The following are exempt from the above requirements:

(i) Leases for land on which to construct new credit union facilities, under long-term leases. See DOD Directive No. 1000.10 for formula.

(ii) Concession leases under Graduated Rental System.

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(a) Procedure. (1) Upon completion of an appraisal, the signed report is to be reviewed by a reviewing appraiser to assure that the information and data developed by the appraiser substantiates the estimated valuation. The review function also serves as a means of resolving differences that might be found in two or more individual appraisals of a single property. The reviewing appraiser is also responsible for maintaining consistency in appraisals for the various properties in a project.

(2) A review of all real estate appraisals is considered of vital importance to the successful operation of the real estate mission of the Corps of Engineers. It is essential that each and every appraisal be given an independent review and check by a thoroughly qualified reviewing appraiser. This will insure that the appraisal represents relative concurrence as to value of not less than two real estate appraisers professionally qualified by previous experience in appraising the particular type of property involved. The reviewing appraiser should familiarize himself with the property to the extent that he can adequately present and support his opinion when called upon to do so.

(3) The review action will be documented by a separate narrative memorandum signed and dated by the authorized reviewing appraiser. Such review memorandum will indicate, but not be limited to, the following:

(i) Date and nature of physical inspection of the subject property.

(ii) Statement relative to reviewer's knowledge of comparable sales used.

(iii) Reviewer's opinion as to the appraiser's valuation.

(iv) Other pertinent data, if any, relative to the property or comparable sales that the reviewer feels would lend additional credence to value estimate.

(v) Reviewer's certification of approval, disapproval, or recommendation.

(4) If more than one appraisal is obtained for an ownership, all should be reviewed by the same reviewing appraiser. The reviewer can cover all appraisals in one review memorandum, or write individual reviews.

(5) No alterations or additions will be made to a signed appraisal report by anyone other than the appraiser who signed the report. A reviewer cannot change the value reflected or approve an amount other than the appraiser's final conclusion of value. His alternative is disapproval.

(6) A reviewing appraiser may not review other appraisal reports covering a property that he has himself previously appraised. In this instance the reports must be assigned to another reviewer or be forwarded to the next level of review for appropriate action.

(7) Appraisal reports obtained by the Department of Justice and submitted for Corps review are to be treated in the same manner as those obtained by the Corps.

(b) Delegation. (1) Division Engineers have been authorized to approve or take action as appropriate on all real estate appraisal reports made for the purpose of purchase, disposal, or any use of real property in which the estimated fair market value (of the part to be acquired, if a partial taking) does not exceed $250,000, or the estimated fair market rental value does not exceed $150,000 per annum.

(2) Division Engineers have been authorized further, at their discretion, to redelegate any part of this authority, up to $150,000, to District Engineers.

(3) All appraisals exceeding $250,000 will be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REE) WASH DC 20314 for final review, approval, and/or appropriate action. Each report will be thoroughly reviewed at all levels, including the Project, District and Division.

(4) A copy of all those reports between $100,000 and $250,000 will be forwarded to DAEN-REE for post review and retention.

(5) In addition to those reports which exceed the delegated authority, DAEN-REE will review and take appropriate action on complex, difficult and controversial appraisals. Where more than one appraisal has been made within either of these categories, a copy of each appraisal report should be submitted for review regardless of variances in opinions of value. At times, the Division Engineers may receive specific instructions as to appraisals which may require final approval of DAEN-REE. Also, from time to time, DAEN-REE may call for and review typical appraisals prepared by individual appraisers.

(c) Reconciliation of appraisal reports. In the event that a reviewing appraiser does not agree with the value conclusion of the appraiser, the following steps should be taken:

(1) Attempt to reconcile differences with the appriser in a face-to-face meeting. The reviewing appraiser should present his additional evidence of value to the appraiser and discuss the report weaknesses, if any.

(2) In the event reconciliation and approval are not possible, the reviewer must then forward the report and review certificate to higher authority for resolution and request that another appraisal be obtained.

(d) Qualifications of reviewing appraisers. (1) A reviewing appraiser should have a minimum of five years experience in the field of real estate appraising. He should also have taken and successfully completed two or more appraisal courses offered by professional appraisal organizations. His experience record should indicate that he has thorough knowledge of all the standard appraisal techniques and approaches and has the ability to analyze the market and all pertinent data which affects value.

(2) Upon selection and appointment by the District Engineer of qualified staff personnel to act as reviewing appraisers, a copy of their qualifications and experience records, along with a copy of the appointing orders, will be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REE) WASH DC 20314.

(e) Code of ethics. Under no circumstances will an appraiser be directed to make an appraisal at any predetermined amount or to change his opinion of value on any property appraised. It is recognized that the review function will develop some differences of opinion. However, where those differences cannot be resolved on a higher ethical basis, predicated upon sound reasoning and adequate data properly analyzed and applied, an additional appraisal will be obtained.

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(a) Appraisal reports. (1) Within their contract authority, Division and District Engineers may contract with recognized appraisal firms, corporations and individuals for necessary appraisal reports on a lump sum basis. Following the award of any appraisal contract in excess of $5,000 a copy of such contract will be forwarded by the issuing office direct to HQDA (DAEN-REE) WASH DC 20314, immediately upon execution.

(2) Requests from Division and District Engineers to the Chief of Engineers for names of appraisers qualified to make particularly complex appraisals are invited.

(3) Division and District Engineers will develop and maintain current lists of qualified appraisal firms, corporations and individuals, from which contractor selection will be made. These lists should be appropriately grouped or rated in accordance with special qualifications and experience in connection with various and specific types of appraisal problems.

(4) Prior to receipt of proposals and negotiations with appraisers, a target fee (Government estimate) will be developed with due consideration to the relative skill and ability required in solving the appraisal problem and the appraiser's time and expense required for preparing the desired reports.

(5) In the negotiation of appraisal contracts the following items are to be considered:

(i) The appraisal of real estate is a recognized profession governed by a code of ethics prohibiting competition in obtaining appraisal assignments. All negotiations for proposals will be conducted on an individual basis, with adequately qualified appraisal firms, corporations or individuals competent to deliver the required appraisal reports on schedule.

(ii) In view of the technical nature of appraisals, Division and District Engineers shall give consideration to designating qualified member(s) of their real estate staffs as contracting officer's representative(s) with full responsibility for all cost estimates involved in contracting for appraisal services and reports. Such contracting officer's representative(s) may also, in the designation of the contracting officer, be utilized to conduct negotiations with the prospective contractors, serve as ordering officer pursuant to the contracts, certify invoices and act in any other capacity within their authority as contracting officer's representative(s).

(6) A copy of the narrative, detailed record of contract negotiations will be forwarded to DAEN-REE, along with the contract as specified above.

(7) In contracting for appraisal reports, contract forms as set forth in Armed Services Procurement Regulations (ASPR) (chapter I of this title) and ER 1180–1–1 (Engineer Contract Instructions) will be used. An outline of the qualifications of the appraiser employed to perform the contemplated services shall be included in the contract assembly.

(b) Expert appraisal services. Employment of qualified real estate appraisers and consultants may be effected utilizing the pertinent provisions of ASPR and ER 1180–1–1.

(c) Obtaining appraisal reports by purchase order. (1) Division and District Engineers are urged to utilize an authorized type of purchase order, such as DD Form 1155, in lieu of long-form contract, provided that:

(i) It is in the best interest of the Government, cost wise, not to issue the long-form contract.

(ii) The contractor has performed satisfactorily on at least one contract within the prior three fiscal years.

(iii) The total order, by such purchase orders, from the contractor does not exceed $10,000 for the project during the current fiscal year.

(iv) The order is accompanied by a brief history of negotiation signed by both the contractor and the contracting officer's representative(s).

(2) Care should be exercised to insure that the above provisions are used only to order supplementary reports, single appraisals, and other “one-time” reports needed.

(d) Department of Justice consultation. Authorized local representatives of the Department of Justice will be consulted concerning the acceptability of the appraiser(s) prior to negotiating any appraisal contract covering tracts proposed for acquisition. The local representative must also approve the per diem fee to be utilized in the appraisal contract. Where agreement cannot be reached between the Division or District Engineer and the local representative of the Department of Justice as to the selection of the appraiser(s), a complete report will be submitted to DAEN-REE, for resolution with the Attorney General.

(e) Interdepartmental services. Division Engineers are authorized to arrange for interdepartmental services of qualified specialists in the regular employ of other Government agencies in connection with special problems concerning mineral deposits, water rights, timber cruises, etc. Division Engineers are further authorized, in their discretion, to redelegate this authority or any part thereof to District Engineers.

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(a) Purpose. Sections 644.61 through 644.72 describe the procedures relating to the procurement of title evidence, title clearance, and closings for the acquisition of real estate and interests therein for all land acquisition programs administered by the Chief of Engineers. Exceptions in connection with the acquisition of properties under the Homeowners Assistance Program are set forth in subpart E.

(b) Applicability. These sections are applicable to all Division and District Engineers having real estate responsibility.

(c) Guidelines. (1) The satisfactory progress of land acquisition programs necessitates the prompt procurement of title evidence and prompt title clearance. One of the following types of title evidence should be obtained, after considering the cost of the several types and other factors mentioned below. To effect these objectives, careful planning is essential, including a determination of the most acceptable and available type of title evidence and the source from which such title evidence may be procured. The Chief of Engineers is responsible for procuring all title evidence, including title evidence needed for lands which are acquired by condemnation proceedings. The early procurement and examination of the title evidence and title clearance will expedite payment to landowners from whom offers are obtained or against whom condemnation proceedings are filed.

(2) Insured certificates of title or policies of title insurance shall be obtained wherever possible. This is on the theory that the Government is buying title searching service as well as the title evidence itself and is avoiding the time and cost of examining abstracts of title, generally voluminous in nature.

(3) Where it is not possible to obtain certificates of title or title insurance, abstracts of title may be obtained, as a last resort.

(4) As used in these sections, an abstract of title is a synopsis or digest of all instruments of record affecting the title to a specific parcel of land. It neither guarantees nor insures the title. A certificate of title is a contract whereby a title company certifies that title to a specific parcel of land is good and unencumbered of record in a named person excepting only such defects and encumbrances as are shown therein. The liability of the company is limited to an amount specified in the certificate. A title insurance policy is a contract which insures that the owner or mortgagee will not suffer any loss or damage by reason of defects in the title to the property, or liens or encumbrances thereon existing at the date of the policy, except those defects, liens, or encumbrances which the policy specifically excepts. Liability thereunder is not limited to matters of record but extends to matters beyond the record.

(5) The Directory of the American Land Title Association may be obtained upon request to the Association at 1828 L Street, NW., Washington, DC 20036, or to any major title insurance company. This Directory lists, by States, the abstract and title companies which provide title insurance. These companies are acceptable to the Attorney General. Requests for furnishing title certificates or title insurance should be made to the major title insurance companies in addition to local abstractors and title companies.

(6) From past experience, it is considered that the procurement of certificates of title or title insurance is more economical than abstracts of title and the use of these types of title evidence expedites payment to landowners. In the majority of the States either certificates of title or title insurance are obtainable and the premium for issuance of such certificates or policies is based on a schedule of fees approved by the State Insurance Commission or some similar State agency. The premium fixed by such schedules, in most cases, includes the charge for title examination (preliminary certificate of title or preliminary binders) and the charge for insurance (final certificates of title or title guarantee policy) and any variance from the prescribed fees is considered a violation of the Sate law or regulation. Most State Insurance Commissions have recognized and approved the forms of certificates of title and title insurance policies prescribed by the Attorney General and have authorized their use in lieu of owners' policies. Division and District Engineers should familiarize themselves with the State title insurance laws and regulations. If prices quoted by all possible sources seem exorbitant, the matter should be referred to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314 for action.

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(a) Acceptable Types of Title Evidence. (1) Certificates of title are acceptable title evidence. Certificates of title must be in a form acceptable to the Attorney General. An acceptable form of certificate of title which has been approved by the Attorney General has been issued by the Chief of Engineers as ENG Form 903, Certificate of Title.

(i) In contracting for certificates of title, ENG Form 1016, Specifications for Furnishing and Delivering Certificates of Title Owner's Title Guarantee (Insurance) Policies and Continuations Thereof, will be used.

(ii) Any title or abstract company approved by the Department of Justice and authorized and qualified to issue certificates of title in the State where the land is located will be acceptable to furnish certificates of title (Department of Justice “Standards for the Preparation of Title Evidence in Land Acquisitions by the United States, 1970.”) In those few jurisdictions where bar associations or other public or professional bodies hold that the issuance of certificates of title is the issuance of title opinions and therefore the practice of law and where title companies as corporations cannot engage in the practice of law, insured certificates of title may be procured from attorneys, acceptable to the Lands Division of the Department of Justice, acting as agents for title companies. The procedure for the selection of attorneys is set forth in §644.63(b).

(iii) Certificates of title will be based on a search of all records affecting the title to the land and be unqualified as to the period of search. In the event that it is not practicable to obtain certificates of title, unqualified as to the period of search, all pertinent facts will be referred to the Department of Justice for consideration and approval.

(iv) Certificates of title or title insurance policies shall not limit the liability of the title company to a sum less than 50 percent of the reasonable value of the property. If property is acquired by donation or exchange, the value will be determined by the Corps of Engineers. However, as to acquisitions valued at more than $50,000, the liability of the title company may be limited to 50 percent of the first $50,000 and 25 percent of that portion of the value in excess of that amount. This limitation on the general rule has been approved by the Department of Justice. The appropriate ENG Forms for specifications for supplying title evidence may be amended, if that limited liability can be obtained. A certificate of title or title insurance policy by one title company for a single acquisition valued at more than 25 percent of the admitted assets (after deducting existing liabilities secured or unsecured and excluding any trust or escrow funds) of the issuing company is not acceptable.

(v) Generally, it is not necessary to obtain a final certificate of title when land is acquired by condemnation proceedings. However, it may be necessary that an intermediate certificate of title be obtained setting forth the limitation of liability of the title company. Division and District Engineers will be governed by the requirements of the local United States Attorney as to the necessity of obtaining an intermediate or final certificate of title.

(vi) Certificates of title, whether preliminary, intermediate, or final, will be procured in sufficient numbers to satisfy the needs of the District involved. Normally an original and two signed copies of each certificate of title will suffice.

(vii) The specifications may be supplemented to require the title company to have a local representative stationed convenient to the project office, when, because of the nature of the project (anticipated complexities of title; high purchase prices, or other reasons), it is considered advisable that a local representative be available to perform preclosing interim title searches on request of the Contracting Officer.

(viii) The title company's local representative must be authorized to pass on the sufficiency of the proposed deed to the United States; to give final approval of curative material furnished to satisfy title objections set forth in certificates of title; and to testify in court relative to the status of title, if called upon to do so.

(2) Title guarantee or title insurance policies are acceptable title evidence.

(i) Interim binders on owner's title guarantee or title insurance policies supplemented by an owner's title guarantee policy or title insurance policy in the forms approved by the Attorney General (ENG Form 1014), Interim Binder on Owner's Title Guarantee (Insurance) Policy, and ENG Form 1015, Owner's Title Guarantee (Insurance) Policy will be acceptable as evidence of title only in acquisition in those States where certificates of title may not be issued. ENG Form 3893–R is the form of endorsement for use with the title insurance policies when changes or corrections become necessary. No other substantial variation in the form of interim binder or the form of title guarantee or title insurance policy will be acceptable without prior approval of the Attorney General.

(ii) Companies contracting to issue such interim binders or preliminary reports and title guarantee or title insurance policies must have authority under the laws of the State of their incorporation and their charter to issue the same. They must also be financially sound and be willing and able to issue such binders and policies for all tracts for the amount of liability as set forth above.

(iii) In contracting for title guarantee or title insurance policies, ENG Form 1016, Specifications for Furnishing and Delivering Certificate of Title Owner's Title Guarantee (Insurance) Policies and Continuations Thereof, will be used.

(iv) The interim binder or preliminary report must disclose the title holders of record and contain full information on all matters set forth in the binder as affecting the title. This data must be in sufficient detail to enable an attorney examining the report to determine the nature and extent of such matters and their effect on the validity of the title of the land described therein. The contents of the report must meet the requirements of ENG Form 1016.

(v) The provisions of paragraphs (a)(1) (iv), (v), (vi), (vii) and (viii) of this section also apply to title guarantee or title insurance policies.

(3) Abstracts of title may be acceptable title evidence.

(i) Abstracts if title complying with the rules for abstracts in “Standards for the Preparation of Title Evidence in Land Acquisitions by the United States” issued by the Department of Justice, 1970, are acceptable title evidence if prepared by abstractors acceptable to the Attorney General. These may include abstractors employed by a department or agency of the Government. Corps of Engineers personnel generally will not prepare abstracts of title. However, where there is a comparatively small amount of abstract work to be performed, it may be desirable to have the abstracts prepared by qualified Government personnel. In such cases, the prior approval of the Chief of Engineers will be obtained. The request should justify the preparation of abstracts by Government personnel.

(ii) The form and contents of abstracts of title will meet the requirements in the “Standards for the Preparation of Title Evidence in Land Acquisitions by the United States” (Department of Justice, 1970) and ENG Form 1012, Specifications for Furnishing and Delivering Abstracts of Title.

(iii) The period of search of an abstract of title to be acceptable to the Attorney General will, wherever possible, begin with some undisputed source of title such as an original grant or patent from the sovereign. Where it is impossible or impracticable to begin with such grant or patent, refer to “Standards for the Preparation of Title Evidence in Land Acquisitions by the United States” (Department of Justice, 1970) and ENG Form 1012 for guidance.

(iv) In contracting for abstracts of title, ENG Form 1012 will be used. ENG Form 1012 provides for an unlimited period of search. For the purpose of conserving Government funds and in applicable easement acquisitions, Division and District Engineers are authorized to modify ENG Form 1012 to provide for the mimimum period of search allowable under the regulations of the Department of Justice, when deemed to be to the best interest of the Government.

(4) Where the consideration to be paid by the Government is $1,000 or less, acquisition in fee may be based upon a title search by a staff attorney when it is deemed to be in the best interest of the Government. The Preliminary Certificate of Title, ENG Form 909, shall be based upon a search of the local land records beginning with a deed or other instrument transferring title recorded at least 40 years prior to the date of the preliminary certificate. The Final Certificate of Title on ENG Form 1013, shall be executed by a qualified Corps of Engineers' attorney, preferably the same attorney who executed the preliminary certificate, and shall be based on a further search of the local land records from the date of the preliminary certificate to and including the date and time of recordation of the deed to the United States or to the date title passes in a condemnation proceeding. The attorney preparing such preliminary or final certificate of title shall also prepare an Abstract of Title evidencing the results of his search of the records. The Certificate of Title will set forth in detail all liens, encumbrances, outstanding interests and other estates adversely affecting the title.

(b) Easements. The standards and requirements as to title evidence for fee acquisition, set forth above, will be observed in the acquisition of all easements, except as follows:

(1) Preliminary certificates of title of approved title companies for easement acquisitions will be in the same form approved by the Attorney General for fee acquisitions and issued by the Chief of Engineers as ENG Form 903. Final certificates of title in easement acquisitions, however, must show title to the easement vested in the United States in the same land described in the certificate and the deed to the United States. A form of final certificate of title for easements approved by the Attorney General and issued by the Chief of Engineers as ENG Form 1017, Final Certificate of Title for Easements, will be used in easement acquisitions.

(2) In contracting for certificates of title to easements, ENG Form 1016, Specifications for Furnishing and Delivering Certificates of Title, Owner's Title Guarantee (Insurance) Policies and Continuations Thereof, may be used provided the following paragraph is substituted in the detailed specifications: “Each certificate of title shall be executed in triplicate on legal size paper. Preliminary certificates of title shall be in the form attached hereto, ENG Form 903, and final certificates of title for easements, showing title vested in the United States, shall be in the form attached hereto, ENG Form 1017.”

(3) In jurisdictions where it is not possible to obtain certificates of title commercially, title guarantee (insurance) policies may be obtained. In such cases, appropriate adjustment in forms and specifications will be made, comparable to those prescribed for certificates of title to easements above.

(4) For easements costing more than $100 but not in excess of $5,000, the requirements of the Attorney General have been waived. In such cases, it is acceptable to use certificates of title prepared and executed by a qualified Corps of Engineers' attorney. The Preliminary Certificate of Title, ENG Form 909, shall be based upon a search of the local land records beginning with a deed or other instrument transferring title recorded at least 25 years prior to the date of the preliminary certificate. The Final Certificate of Title on ENG Form 1013, shall be executed by a qualified Corps of Engineers' attorney, preferably the same attorney who executed the preliminary certificate, and shall be based on a further search of the local land records from the date of the preliminary certificate to and including the date and time of recordation of the deed to the United States or to the date title passes in a condemnation proceeding. The attorney preparing such preliminary or final certificate of title shall also prepare an Abstract of Title evidencing the results of his search of the records. The Certificate of Title will set forth in detail all liens, encumbrances, outstanding interests and other estates adversely affecting the title.

(5) As to easements which cost $100 or less, acquisition shall be in accordance with the provisions of paragraph (5) on page 5 of “Standards for the Preparation of Title Evidence in Land Acquisitions by the United States” (Department of Justice, 1970) which permit such acquisition to be based on a last owner search. Any search authorized by these provisions may be conducted by a qualified attorney employed by the Corps of Engineers.

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(a) Survey of Area and Source of Title Evidence. Contemporaneously with the preparation of the real estate design memorandum, or real estate planning report, the Division or District Engineer is requested to:

(1) Give careful consideration to the problems involved to determine the most acceptable type of title evidence, its source, availability of title plants, costs, and time of procurement, so that the most advantageous bid(s) may be received and accepted and the acquisition schedule maintained. In considering costs of abstracts of title versus certificates of title or title insurance, the workhours involved in the examination of abstracts of title by both Corps and Department of Justice personnel should be considered.

(2) Determine the total number of tracks in the project area. In major projects, it may be desirable to invite bids for title evidence for each county or other specified areas, in addition to the entire project, in order to maintain the acquisition schedule.

(3) Determine the names and addresses of title companies and abstractors available to furnish title evidence and whether such companies or abstractors have been approved by the Attorney General as acceptable companies or abstractors. Current information on approved title companies and abstractors may be obtained direct from the Land and Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice, WASH DC 20530.

(b) Selection procedure. (1) Normally selection of persons or firms to perform title evidence services will be based upon formal advertising in accordance with the Armed Services Procurement Regulation (ASPR) (chapter I of this title).

(2) In those States where the furnishing of title evidence is held to constitute the practice of law and the State canons of legal ethics prohibit attorneys from engaging in competitive bidding for such services, contracts for title evidence services must necessarily be negotiated. In such cases, negotiations shall be conducted with attorneys or law firms duly authorized to practice law in the jurisdiction within which the real property is located. Division and District Engineers shall notify HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314 before negotiating for title evidence, and submit the list of attorneys with whom negotiations may be conducted. Selections shall be in accordance with the procedures set forth below:

(i) A contract for title services shall be based upon, but not limited to, consideration of the following professional qualifications necessary for the satisfactory performance of the services required:

(A) Professionally trained for type of work;

(B) Specialized experience in the type of work required;

(C) Capacity to accomplish the work in the required time;

(D) Past experience, if any, with respect to performance on Corps of Engineers contracts;

(E) Location in the general geographical area of the project to which the services relate: Provided, That there is an appropriate number of qualified attorneys or law firms therein for consideration; and

(F) Volume of work previously awarded, with the objective of effecting an equitable distribution of title evidence contracts among qualified attorneys and law firms.

(ii) A preselection list of qualified attorneys and law firms shall be prepared by a preselection board from data submitted by interested attorneys and law firms and from other pertinent information which may be available. The list shall be approved by the District Engineer or his designee.

(iii) A selection board shall review the qualifications of each of the attorneys or law firms on the preselection list, in accordance with the procedure established in paragraph (b)(2)(i) of this section and shall recommend to the District Engineer, in order of preference, a minimum of three for approval for contract negotiations.

(iv) Upon approval of the selections by the District Engineer and such approval as may be required by paragraph (b)(2)(vi) of this section, negotiations shall be initiated with the first selected attorney or law firm. If the negotiations result in a price which exceeds the Government estimate, revised to correct errors of fact or judgment, if any, by more than ten percent, the Contracting Officer shall terminate the negotiations and request a proposal from the attorney or law firm next in order of preference.

(v) Preparation of preselection lists and selections for contracts estimated to cost more than $10,000, shall be accomplished by formally constituted boards consisting of at least three members, one of whom shall be the District Counsel or an attorney on his staff, and one of whom shall be the Chief, Real Estate Division, or a member of his staff.

(vi) Special approval shall be required for certain selections as indicated below:

(A) When the estimated cost of a contract to be negotiated exceeds $100,000, the selection shall require the approval of the Division Engineer.

(B) When an attorney or law firm, to which the District has awarded contracts totalling over $100,000 during the current fiscal year, has been selected by the District for additional negotiations, the selection shall require the approval of the Division Engineer.

(C) When the estimated cost of a contract to be negotiated exceeds $200,000, the selection shall require the approval of the Director of Real Estate, OCE, or his designee, with the concurrence of the Chief Counsel or his designee.

(c) Forms to be used. When purchasing title evidence, Standard Form 33, Solicitation, Offer, and Award, which form embraces an invitation, bid, and acceptance, should be used with copies of ENG Form 1012 or ENG Form 1016, depending upon the type of title evidence to be obtained. Standard Form 33 will state that time is of the essence; that ability to comply with delivery requirements is mandatory; that the specifications attached thereto constitute a part of the proposed contract; the quantity and description of the supplies by item to be furnished; the time, place, and method of delivery; and the primary period of contract and extensions. Bids must be submitted in the form required by the invitations for the bids, so that the successful bid can be accepted on Standard Form 33 and a formal contract consummated thereby. The contract must incorporate all the covenants, terms, and conditions which are contemplated.

(d) Base price vs. per-item basis. The invitation will call for the furnishing of an approximate number of certificates of title, abstracts of title, or preliminary binders and title guarantee (insurance) policies, as the case may be, at a stated price per certificate of title, abstract, or preliminary binder and title guarantee (insurance) policy. If this basis of payment is not possible, payment for abstracts may be made on a per-item or per-page basis and certificates of title and interim binders and title guarantee (insurance) policies may be paid for in accordance with an established rate schedule based on the cost of the property. Where necessary, alterations in the payment paragraphs of the specifications may be made in order to comply with local practices, State statutes, or other special requirements.

(e) Specifications. The specifications for title service will follow ENG Form 1012 for abstracts, ENG Form 1016 for certificates of title and ENG Form 1014 for interim binders on owner's title guarantee (insurance) policies. Additional provisions may be added as circumstances require, but basic requirements will not be changed.

(f) Several contracts for title evidence. To meet the acquisition schedule, it may be necessary to enter into several contracts for title evidence to lands within a designated project area. In such cases, the portions of the projects to be covered by each contract will be defined according to established political subdivisions, such as districts, townships, counties, or any specified part thereof.

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(a) Contract awards. Contract awards will be made only by duly qualified contracting officers in accordance with applicable procurement regulations.

(b) Review of title evidence contracts. The Contracting Officer, if an employee of the Real Estate Division, or otherwise the Real Estate representative designated by the Division or District Engineer, will review contracts for title evidence. If this review is made by a Real Estate employee other than a Contracting Officer, he will advise the Contracting Officer relative thereto. The Contracting Officer or the Real Estate representative will ascertain that the Department of Justice has approved the bidder, and the contract will not be awarded to any bidder not so approved. The Contracting Officer or the Real Estate representative who is to advise him, will familiarize himself with “Standards for the Preparation of Title Evidence in Land Acquisitions by the United States,” issued by the Department of Justice, 1970.

(c) Distribution. Upon acceptance, copies of title evidence contracts will be distributed in the same manner as other contracts.

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(a) Placing orders. Where the contract does not specify the order in which title evidence for particular tracts will be furnished, orders will be submitted to the abstractor or title company on ENG Form 1011, Order for Title Evidence. An accurate legal description of the tract of land involved will be attached to the order or will be typed thereon.

(b) Orders based on contiguous areas. If the contract does not contain a list of tracts for which title evidence is to be furnished, orders will be based on contiguous areas of land in identical ownership and will be deemed to be contiguous even though crossed by roads, railroads, rights-of-way, or streams. In such event the variation in quantity shall not exceed plus or minus ten percent as prescribed by ASPR. If there has been a severance of surface and subsurface estates, determination of what constitutes a tract will be based on ownership of the surface. However, in unusual cases where such a contiguous area is composed of several parcels derived through separate chains of title and requiring separate searches of each chain of title down to a comparatively recent date or where such contiguous area lies in more than one section, the Contracting Officer may contract to pay a specified reasonable additional charge for each such additional chain or section if such additional charge is customary in the locality where the land lies.

(c) Type of Title Evidence. The order will set forth the type of evidence to be furnished. When abstracts are contracted for, the following rules will be observed:

(1) If an abstract of title in satisfactory form cannot be procured from the landowner, a new abstract will be ordered.

(2) If an abstract in satisfactory form is procured from a landowner, the abstract will be transmitted to the abstractor with an order for a continuation of the old abstract.

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(a) Approval. The Contracting Officer will approve payment for all title evidence obtained in connection with the acquisition of land from funds available to the Division or District Engineer for that purpose, whether the land is acquired by purchase or condemnation.

(b) Review. When abstracts are furnished on a per-item or per-page basis, the contents must be carefully reviewed by a qualified representative of the Division or District Engineer, to insure that bills are not excessive and that abstracts do not include superfluous material. Where erroneous or superfluous material is included in abstract, the bills involved will be corrected so that payment for such material is not made. All title evidence will be examined to determine that there has been full compliance with the specifications.

(c) Payment for title evidence. Payments for title evidence will be made by the Contracting Officer from available funds for the project to which the title evidence pertains, upon receipt of certified and approved vouchers.

(d) Preparation of Invoices for Title Services. The abstractor or title company will submit a certified invoice for services rendered, to the office to which the title evidence was delivered for review. The invoice must specify the particular type of title evidence furnished, the tract number, name of owner, name of project, and contract number. Invoices found to be correct will be certified as to receipt of the services by the receiving office and will be transmitted to the Division or District Engineer for further action and payment.

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(a) General. Section 355 of the Revised Statutes of the United States, as amended (40 U.S.C. 255), formerly required the written opinion of the Attorney General in favor of the validity of the title to lands as a prerequisite to the expenditure of public funds thereon.

(b) Delegation. Pursuant to the provisions of Pub. L. 91–393, approved September 1, 1970, authority to approve title to lands being acquired for the use of the Department of the Army, or of any other department or agency for which the Department of the Army is authorized to acquire land, has been delegated to the Department of the Army, subject to the supervision and review of the Attorney General. Generally, military authorization and/or appropriation legislation expressly authorizes construction on the land prior to approval of title.

(c) Redelegation. The authority delegated to the Department of the Army pursuant to Pub. L. 91–393 has been redelegated to Division and District Engineers with real estate responsibility.

(d) Issuance of title opinions. Division and District Engineers are authorized to designate staff attorneys to give written approval of the sufficiency of title to land for the purposes for which the property is being acquired. Such attorneys shall issue preliminary and/or final opinions of title.

(1) Attorneys designated for such purposes will have as a minimum five years legal experience, from the date of admission to a State bar, including three years experience in the law of real property. Real estate attorneys on the staffs of Division and District Engineers, who possess these qualifications, will be designated by the Division and District Engineers, in writing, to pass on the sufficiency of title to lands pursuant to the said delegation. The names of such attorneys shall be furnished to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314 as soon as possible.

(2) A final opinion of title shall be issued in all acquisitions, except for easement acquisitions not in excess of $1,000 which are governed by §644.69(b).

(3) Division and District Engineers are authorized to waive the issuance of written preliminary opinions of title where the closing of the case is based upon a certificate of title or title insurance issued by an acceptable and approved title company, in either fee or easement acquisitions.

(4) A preliminary and a final opinion of title shall be issued in all fee and easement acquisitions involving abstracts of title, except for easement acquisitions not in excess of $1,000 which are governed by §644.69(b).

(5) Any final title opinion issued pursuant to the delegated authority shall substantially follow the format of the Attorney's Final Title Opinion (Figure 5–3 of ER 405–1–12).

(e) Opinion of Attorney General. Whenever the District or Division Engineer determines that a title defect is of such character that a possibility exists that it may be waived, the case shall be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314 for review and transmittal to the Attorney General for a title opinion. The letter of submittal shall contain or be accompanied by the information and data required by §644.72(b).

(f) Rejection opinion. If it is obvious that no possibility of waiver of a title defect exists, a title opinion shall be issued according to the procedure set forth in §644.67(d). Copies of such opinion shall be submitted with the condemnation assembly.

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(a) Curative action. Upon receipt of an acceptable certificate of title, ENG Form 903 or an interim binder on an owner's title guarantee or insurance policy, ENG Form 1014, the title evidence will be reviewed by a qualified real estate attorney of the Corps of Engineers. Where the title evidence indicates that the acquisition of the land or interest therein by purchase is feasible, and a satisfactory ENG Form 42, Offer to Sell Real Property, or ENG Form 2970, Offer to Sell Easement, is received from the landowner and accepted by the Government, curative action will be conducted and curative material will be processed as follows:

(1) With regard to the title objections set forth in Schedule “B” of certificates of title or interim binders, it will be necessary to take such curative action as will insure the issuance of a final certificate of title or title guarantee or insurance policy showing title vested in the United States of America, subject only to those objections, if any, which have been administratively waived.

(2) As set forth in the title contract, the title company will authorize its local representative to give final approval of curative material furnished to satisfy such objections and insure their elimination from the final certificate of title or title guarantee or insurance policy. As such curative material is approved, the local representative of the title company will:

(i) Initial, or otherwise indicate, on the margin of the preliminary certificate or interim binder, the fact that the objection has been eliminated through the procurement of satisfactory curative material.

(ii) Determine whether or not he wishes the curative instrument recorded and if the instrument is to be recorded, so indicate on the margin of the certificate or interim binder. By the express terms of the offer to sell, the vendor is responsible for payment of recording fees on such curative material.

(iii) Where curative material is not recorded, the title company will be permitted to retain such material if they wish it for their files; otherwise, it will be placed with the title assembly. If the original curative instruments are retained by the title company, true copies will be transmitted with the Final Title Assembly to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314.

(b) Intermediate certificates or interim binders. In the following types of cases, it may be necessary, after examination of the preliminary certificates of title or interim binder, to obtain intermediate certificates of title or interim binders in order to perfect title prior to closing the transaction:

(1) When the signer of the offer is not the record title holder but is the holder of a contract for purchase, recorded or unrecorded, the preliminary certificate of title or interim binder will show title in the record title holder. In such cases, the certificate or binder will make appropriate reference to the contract. It will recite the action necessary to complete the contract and effect transfer of title from the record holder to the contract purchaser. When the deed to the contract purchaser is recorded, an intermediate certificate of title or interim binder, in proper form, will be obtained.

(2) In those cases in which record title is vested in a deceased person, the preliminary certificate of title or interim binder may be issued in the name of the deceased record owner, followed by the word “deceased,” and will be accompanied by a letter from the title company stating whether a judicial proceeding will be required, or whether affidavits of heirship, or other forms of proof, will suffice to permit the issuance of intermediate certificate or binder showing title vested in the heirs of the deceased.

(i) Where a judicial proceeding is required, action will immediately be taken by the owners to perfect title by such proceeding, and, upon completion, an intermediate certificate of title or interim binder should be obtained. If such action cannot be completed within 60 days, action will be taken to acquire the tract by condemnation, §644.72(a).

(ii) Where a judicial proceeding is not required, it will be necessary to effect the necessary curative action and obtain an intermediate certificate or interim binder showing title in the heirs of the deceased record owners.

(3) In those cases in which conveyance to the United States is to be made by a fiduciary, a corporation, a political subdivision, or an unincorporated association, the certificate of title or interim binder will state whether the proposed grantor has legal authority to convey valid title to the United States, and, if so, will cite the source of the authority. If the preliminary certificate of title or interim binder does not so indicate, it will be returned to the title company for correction or for issuance of an intermediate certificate of title or interim binder.

(4) Where the certificate of title or interim binder contains any objection, or reference to liens of taxes, assessments, bonds, or other indebtedness of a road improvement, school, drainage, or other type of special improvement district, the specifications provide that the certificate or interim binder will also contain reference to the statute or statutes, under which the district was created, its bonds issued, and its taxes levied; the amount of taxes and assessments levied and bonds issued; and other additional pertinent information. If the preliminary certificate or interim binder does not contain sufficient information to enable an examining attorney to determine the nature and extent of the lien, if any, on the land, of such taxes, assessments and bonds, it will be returned to the title company for correction or for issuance of an intermediate certificate of title or interim binder. If the preliminary certificate or interim binder does not clearly indicate that the bonds or taxes of such district become a lien annually at the same time as the lien of ad valorem taxes attaches to land in the State and that the lien is of the same nature as the lien of ad valorem taxes, the information specified above must be obtained and a determination must be made as to the nature and extent of the liens of such bonds and taxes.

(5) Where the certificate of title or interim binder discloses a covenant or condition restricting the use of the land, the certificate or interim binder will set forth the restriction, will quote the provision imposing the restriction or creating the right of reverter for a breach thereof, and will state whether a release will eliminate the objection. If such information is not contained in the preliminary certificate of title or interim binder, it will be returned to the title company for correction or for issuance of an intermediate certificate of title or interim binder. If a release will eliminate the objection, action will be taken to obtain an appropriate release from the person or persons holding the right of reverter. Should the title company hold that the title cannot be perfected by a release or if an acceptable release cannot be obtained, action will be taken to acquire the tract by condemnation.

(6) When the specifications require the title company to include any of the above information in the preliminary certificate of title or interim binder and it is necessary to obtain an intermediate certificate of title or interim binder due to the omission of such information from the preliminary report by the title company, the intermediate certificate of title or interim binder will be furnished without cost to the United States.

(c) Question of law. Any difficult or complicated question of law raised by an objection or exception in a preliminary or intermediate certificate of title or interim binder should be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314 for review and transmittal to the Attorney General for an opinion. The letter of submittal shall contain a full statement of the facts and references to the provisions of applicable statutes and pertinent decisions of state courts on the question involved. This action should be taken before closing. This action should also be taken on questions involving the nature and extent of the liens of bonded indebtedness, assessments, or taxes to meet the bonded indebtedness of special improvement districts, or relating to restrictive covenants.

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(a) Easements Costing in Excess of $1,000. Curative action and clearance of title to easements costing in excess of $1,000 will be the same as in fee acquisitions, as outlined above, except as follows:

(1) Under an agreement with the Department of Justice, title to easements will be approved subject to outstanding encumbrances, such as mortgages, deeds of trust, judgments, and vendors' liens, where the tract is not encumbered in excess of 50 percent of the reasonable value of the remaining property, and the consideration being paid for the easement does not represent a sum in excess of ten percent of the value of the remaining property. (As to taxes, see §644.70(k)(6).)

(2) For the purpose of making the determinations necessary to apply the formula set forth in paragraph (a)(1) of this section, resort may be had to the tract appraisal, provided it is based on a “before and after” approach, in which case the amount of the “after” appraisal will be used as the reasonable value of the remaining property. In the event no such appraisal has been made, a memorandum estimate by a qualified appraiser (staff or contract) will be obtained. Determination of the total encumbrances may be made on the basis of the face of the encumbering instruments. However, if it is necessary to determine that the total amount of the outstanding liens as of the date of closing has been reduced to an amount less than 50 percent of the reasonable value of the remaining property, such reduction must be evidenced by signed statements from the lienees or their authorized representatives. The appraisal or memorandum estimate and the lienee statements will be placed in the tract file.

(3) On the basis of the determinations described in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, the appropriate information will be inserted on ENG Form 3536, Statement Concerning Outstanding Encumbrances, which will be signed by the closing agent. The original will appear as a separate document in the Final Title Assembly submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314.

(b) Easements Costing Not in Excess of $1,000. (1) Requirements for the release or subordination to such easements of mortgages, deeds of trust, judgments, vendors' liens, taxes which are a lien, whether or not presently due and payable, and similar encumbrances will ordinarily be the same as for easements costing in excess of $1,000.

(2) In unusual circumstances, these requirements need not be applied if the purchase price of the easement is insufficient to satisfy the liens and interest, or the amount of such liens or interest is small in comparision with the value of the land in which the easement is being acquired, and in comparison with the cost of condemnation proceedings to clear the title. In such cases, the Division or District Engineer (or the Chief, Real Estate Division, if delegated such authority) may waive such title infirmities as he determines will not interfere with the use of the easement by the Government or jeopardize the interests of the United States: Provided:

(i) The easement deed contains a general warranty covenant by the grantor to satisfy all such unpaid taxes and other liens and to warrant the title against any encumbrances or interests left outstanding.

(ii) The Division or District Engineer (or the Chief, Real Estate Division, if delegated the authority) has determined that such outstanding liens, encumbrances, or interest, if left outstanding, will not interfere with the Government's use of the easement, or will not jeopardize the interests of the United States, and in his opinion the title is sufficient. A certificate to this effect should be attached to the Final Title Assembly.

(c) Curative action. (1) Curative action will be initiated promptly in all cases to eliminate all title defects or encumbrances, except those which may be administratively waived, those which may be eliminated by the payment of money and cleared at the time of closing, and those which may be waived as hereinafter provided. Curative material need not be recorded, however, until the closing of the transaction.

(2) All encumbrances, defects, outstanding interests, and other matters shown in the preliminary certificates of title or interim binders, must be cured and eliminated before delivery of the purchase check, except those of a nature which have been waived as not interfering with the Government's use of the easement or as not jeopardizing the interest of the United States.

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(a) Closing and Settlement Officers. Payment and closing of cases will be initiated immediately upon completion of curative action, by qualified Closing Officers employed by the Corps of Engineers. To be qualified, a Closing Officer must be employed in the Real Estate Division of a Division or District Office, or in a Real Estate Project or Suboffice, in an Attorney-Advisor position, or in a Realty Officer position if he is a member in good standing of the Bar of a State, Possession, or the District of Columbia, and has been instructed in Federal procedure and in the requirements for closing land acquisition transactions by a Division or District Closing Officer and has been approved by the Division or District Engineer to close land acquisition transactions independently. It is no longer necessary for Closing Officers to be individually bonded. Contracting for closing services will require prior approval of HQDA (DAEN-REA-P).

(b) Payment. Payment for land, or interests therein, will be made from funds available to the Division or District Engineer.

(c) General. The details of the closing necessarily differ according to the number of vendors and the outstanding interests, the number and variety of the encumbrances and title objections to be met, and miscellaneous other details resulting from complications in the particular title. Upon receipt of the check and title papers, the Closing Officer will review the entire file relating to the acquisition, fully acquaint himself with the terms and conditions of the sale, and with the condition of the title, and will ascertain whether there are any special conditions to be performed, or requirements to be met, on the part of the landowner or the Government and what objections to the title are to be eliminated before valid title may vest in the United States.

(d) Curative data. The Closing Officer will determine the character and amount of all outstanding interests in, liens on, or claims against the land, which are to be satisfied out of the purchase price, and see that necessary curative action has been taken and curative data obtained to cure all defects in and meet all objections to the title. If the title evidence consists of a certificate of title of a title company, or a title guarantee policy, approval of the curative material, obtained to eliminate the title objections, must be obtained from the title company.

(e) Continuation of title search. The Closing Officer will satisfy himself that no change has occurred in the land records from the date of the prior certification which will adversely affect the title to the real estate interest being acquired by the United States. Where deemed appropriate because of the complexities of the title, the amount of the purchase price, or other reason, the local representative of the title company or the abstracter will be requested to examine the title records for the purpose of making this determination, and a continuation of the title evidence should be obtained, if considered necessary. Otherwise, the interim title search may be made by the Closing Officer.

(1) If no adverse change in the status of title has occurred since the date of the preliminary or the latest certification of the title by the abstracter or the title company, as the case may be, the Closing Officer will proceed to close the case.

(2) In case of change in ownership during the period, the Closing Officer will order a continuation of the abstract or an intermediate certificate of title or interim binder, as the case may be, and take such action as necessary to cure the title.

(f) Payment and Closing Sheet. ENG Form 1566, Payment and Closing Sheet and Receipt for United States Treasurer's Check, covering all charges to be eliminated by payment of money to be deducted from the purchase money check, will be prepared in advance of closing. This sheet will show, in detail, all disbursements of the purchase money, including all amounts to be expended for satisfaction of:

(1) Taxes and assessments.

(2) Outstanding judgments—State and Federal.

(3) Mortgages, deeds of trust, and other liens.

(4) Amounts received under any contract or bond.

(5) Landowner's balance after all charges are deducted from the purchase price.

(g) Division or District inspection of premises. The Closing Officer or other authorized Division or District employee will personally make an inspection of the premises to ascertain whether any person is occupying the property in whole or in part.

(1) The Closing Officer or an authorized Division or District employee will prepare ENG Form 798, Certificate of Inspection and Possession.

(2) If any person other than the vendor is found in possession, the Closing Officer will secure a disclaimer on ENG Form 1290, Disclaimer. The disclaimer will be modified to make allowance of any provision in the offer to sell permitting possession after closing.

(3) The Closing Officer or an authorized Division or District employee will check to determine that the buildings, improvements, and crops listed on the appraisal report are still on the land being conveyed. Where buildings, improvements, and crops have been reserved by the landowner, it will be determined that only the items reserved have been removed. Whenever possession of land is surrendered to the Government before the time of payment and closing, and immediate inspection and report ENG Form 1567, Report on Vacation of Property, will have been made. The Closing Officer may rely upon this report for the inspection required in the first part of this paragraph unless he is aware of circumstances which would make a supplemental inspection and report proper. If no such inspection and report have been made and possession has been surrendered to the Government, the inspection and report must be made at this time.

(4) The Closing Officer or an authorized Division or District employee will determine whether there have been repairs or improvements to or construction on the premises which might give rise to mechanics liens.

(5) The ENG Form 798 will be executed and placed with the title papers. If executed by an employee other than the Project Manager or Closing Officer, it must be approved by the Project Manager or Closing Officer, to indicate that the Project Manager or Closing Officer has authorized the employee signing the certificate to make the inspection and is satisfied it has been properly done.

(h) Deed to the United States. (1) The deed to the United States will be drafted in accordance with the “Standards for the Preparation of Title Evidence in Land Acquisition by the United States,” issued by the Department of Justice in 1970.

(2) Where the landowner's name appears in various forms among the title papers, full use will be made of the “also known as” clause in identifying the grantor in the deed to the United States.

(3) The deed shall contain a quitclaim clause by which the grantor quitclaims to the United States all right, title, and interest which the grantor may have in the banks, beds, and waters of any streams bordering the said land to be conveyed, and also all interest in alleys, roads, streets, ways, strips, gores, or railroad rights-of-way abutting or adjoining said land and in any means of ingress or egress appurtenant thereto.

(4) Recording fees, transfer taxes, and similar expenses incidental to conveying real property to the United States; penalty costs for prepayment of any preexisting recorded mortgage entered into in good faith encumbering such real property; and the pro rata portion of real property taxes paid which are allocable to a period subsequent to the date of vesting title in the United States, or the effective date of possession of such real property by the United States, whichever is the earlier, shall be paid by the Government pursuant to authority of section 303, Pub. L. 91–646, approved January 2, 1971.

(i) Satisfaction of liens and encumbrances. All mortgages, deeds of trust, judgments, mechanics liens, and similar encumbrances will be satisfied and released or discharged of record. In the acquisition of easements, liens and encumbrances should be satisfied, released or subordinated to the Government's easement, except as provided in §644.69(a) or unless administratively waived under §644.69(c).

(j) Payments to tenants and lessees. Amounts due lessees, or other tenants, under ENG Form 1564, Consent to Offer to Sell, will be paid from the purchase price or by the landowner direct. In either case, proper receipts and releases will be obtained.

(k) Satisfaction and release of liens of taxes and assessments. (1) Except as provided in §644.69(b) and paragraph (k)(6) of this section, all taxes and assessments which, under the law of the State where the land is located, are a lien on the property as of the date of the delivery and recordation of the deed to the United States must be paid at or before closing, unless provision for their payment is made as follows:

(i) Where closing takes place before the completion of the assessment and levy of the taxes necessary to the determination of the amount of the taxes, or before the taxes are due and payable, a sufficient sum will be withheld from the purchase price to satisfy such taxes when the amount is later determined or they later become due and payable. In cases where the amount of taxes has not been determined, an estimate will be made, after consultation with the assessor and consideration of the amount of taxes paid on the land for the preceding year. The amount withheld should be at least 20 percent in excess of the amount of taxes assessed against the property for the preceding year.

(ii) If the taxes are not due and payable under State law, though the amount has been determined at the time of closing, payment will not be made to the collector or other official charged with the collection of taxes, unless he has authority to accept payment and receipt for them in advance of the due date.

(2) Funds withheld for the payment of taxes will be transmitted promptly to the Division or District Engineer in the form of cashier's check or money order payable to the Treasurer of the United States, unless the taxes are paid or held in escrow by the title company. The Closing Officer, in transmitting such payments, must clearly identify, by name, the vendor from whom the tax money was withheld, and must identify the land for which the taxes were withheld by its tract number in the project. He must also identify the taxes for payment of which the money has been withheld by specifying the type of taxes, such as county, city, or school. He will set forth the year each became or becomes due and fully explain the manner in which payment or withholding has been handled in order that proper payment will be effected by the Division or District Engineer when the taxes are due and payable. Any balance of the amount withheld and not needed to satisfy the taxes will be refunded to the grantor.

(3) Where payment of the taxes is not possible at the time of closing and funds are withheld for this purpose, the Closing Officer will immediately notify the local tax official that title to the particular tract has been conveyed to the United States and that funds have been withheld for the payment of taxes, specifying the taxes for which an amount has been withheld and stating that such funds are in the custody of the Division or District Engineer. In giving such notice, he will use ENG Form 894, Notice to Tax Official.

(4) When the taxes become due and payable, the Division or District Engineer will pay such taxes from the funds withheld from the purchase price. Any excess between the amount of taxes actually paid and the amount withheld will be refunded to the grantor by the Division or District Engineer. Refund checks will be transmitted to the grantor only after it has been definitely determined that all taxes which were liens on the tract are shown as satisfied on the books of the tax collector. This is necessary to avoid the possibility of a refund being made before satisfaction of all tax liens. The tax receipt should be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REP-S) WASH DC 20314 for filing with the original title papers.

(5) Where the evidence of title consists of certificates of title or title insurance, and funds are withheld for payment of taxes, the amount so withheld may be turned over to the title company, provided:

(i) The title company is financially responsible and will agree to issue a final certificate of title or title policy in which no tax liens or unpaid taxes will be noted or, if noted, will be followed by the statement:

For the payment of which provision has been made by deposit of a sufficient sum with this company.

(ii) The title company will enter into an escrow agreement with the grantor to hold such sum for the satisfaction of the taxes when they become due, and to return to the grantor any excess remaining after their payment.

(6) Agreements have been reached with the Department of Justice that, in the acquisition of easements, the following will apply:

(i) No provision need be made for the payment of taxes which are a lien but are not due and payable, provided that the purchase price of the easement, including severance damage, is not in excess of 50 percent of the reasonable value of the entire contiguous property of the vendor. In the event the value of the easement has been determined by a “before and after” appraisal, the amount of the “after” appraisal will be utilized in making the necessary determination. In the event no such appraisal has been made, it will not be necessary to prepare a complete appraisal of the value of the contiguous property. In lieu thereof, a memorandum estimate by a qualified appraiser (staff or contract) will be obtained and placed in the tract file. In either case, the appropriate information will be inserted on ENG Form 3536, Statement Concerning Outstanding Encumbrances.

(ii) It will not be necessary to withhold funds for payment of current taxes which are due and payable, if the purchase price of the easement is insufficient to pay such taxes. In such case, Item 4 of ENG Form 3536 and the third block of that form will be completed.

(iii) ENG Form 3536 will be signed by the Closing Officer and the original will appear as a separate document in the Final Title Assembly.

(l) Payment and Recordation of Deed. (1) No disbursement of the purchase price shall be made until:

(i) A duly executed deed has been accepted;

(ii) All outstanding charges, liens, or encumbrances on the land have been satisfied and discharged, or a sufficient sum has been withheld from the purchase price to satisfy and discharge such charges, liens and encumbrances; and

(iii) The title is sufficient for the purposes for which it is being acquired, and all objections thereto have been eliminated or administratively waived in writing.

(2) When the requirements of paragraph (l)(i) of this section have been satisfied, the balance of the purchase price shall be delivered to the landowners.

(3) The deed and all instruments which release liens or encumbrances on the property shall be promptly recorded.

(m) Closing of easements acquisitions—(1) Easement costing in excess of $1,000. Closing requirements and procedures with respect to easements costing in excess of $1,000 are the same as in fee acquisitions, except as to mortgages, deeds of trust, judgments, vendors' liens, and similar title infirmities (§644.69(a)), and as to taxes which are liens but which are not due and payable (paragraph (k)(6) of this section).

(2) Easements costing not in excess of $1,000. Closing requirements and procedures with respect to easements costing not in excess of $1,000 are the same as a fee acquisition except that title infirmities may be waived as provided in §644.69(b).

(n) Payment and closing under power of attorney. Where the landowner is unable or unwilling to be present personally or to pay from his own funds the amount necessary to satisfy all encumbrances and expenses, the following steps may be taken:

(1) Obtain a power of attorney from the landowner. Standard Form 232, Power of Attorney by Individual for the Collection of a Specified Check Drawn on the United States Treasury, will be used. If the landowner is a corporation, Standard Form 236, Power of Attorney by a Corporation for the Collection of a Specified Check Drawn on the Treasurer of the United States, and Standard Form 237, Resolution by Corporation Conferring Authority Upon an Officer to Execute a Power of Attorney for the Collection of Checks Drawn on the Treasurer of the United States, will be used. The power of attorney will be drawn in favor of the Closing Officer making the payment and closing. Immediately after the post office address of the Closing Officer, the following will be inserted, “Agent for the Disbursing Officer.” This insertion must be initialed by the person(s) executing the power of attorney. (Above forms are available through the local GSA Regional Office.)

(2) Obtain from the landowner ENG Form 1569, Order to Disburse Under Power of Attorney. It will be noted that this form specifically recites types of indebtedness or expense, the names of the persons to be paid under the power of attorney, and the estimated, but not necessarily the exact, amounts thereof. It is important that all items (including cost of revenue stamps, recordation fees for curative material, and bank service charges) be itemized on the form.

(3) The Closing Officer then will take the necessary action for and on behalf of the landowner to discharge the indebtedness and pay expenses under the ENG Form 1569.

(4) If it is possible to have all interested parties, other than the landowner, present at one time and to make all payments simultaneously, a round table closing will be conducted. The Closing Officer, under the power of attorney and order to disburse, will endorse and cash the Treasurer's check and will make the individual disbursements in actual cash.

(5) If it is possible to determine definitely all items of payment simultaneously, but it is not possible to have all interested parties present at one time, the Closing Officer will, under the power of attorney and order to disburse, endorse and cash the Treasurer's check, obtain separate cashier's checks for all items of payment (including the bank services charge for the issuance of such checks), and deliver the checks.

(6) Where it is not possible to determine definitely all items of payment simultaneously, the Closing Officer, under power of attorney and order to disburse, will endorse and cash the Treasurer's check and will obtain separate cashier's checks for all items of payment for which disbursements may be properly made and for any balance representing the total of any items, the amounts of which cannot be definitely determined; in other words, for the residue of the amount of the United States Treasurer's check. In every instance, the cashier's checks will be drawn to provide for endorsement by the Closing Officer or landowner as later determined to be appropriate.

(7) Curative material which requires recordation will be recorded for and on behalf of the landowner and will then be placed with the title papers.

(8) The usual tax receipts, mortgage releases, judgment satisfactions, etc., will be obtained for each monetary encumbrance which has been discharged. These instruments will be placed with the title papers, unless the landowner wishes to retain them.

(9) Separate receipts on ENG Form 1571, Receipt for Payment Under Power of Attorney, must be obtained for each disbursement made under the power of attorney and order to disburse, including a receipt for the balance of the purchase price paid to the landowner. One copy of such receipt will be placed in the project files.

(10) The Closing Officer will prepare an original and two copies of ENG Form 1570, Report of Disbursement Under Power of Attorney, showing the exact amount of each disbursement made under the power of attorney and order to disburse. The Closing Officer will prepare an original and two copies of appropriate certification thereon. The original and two copies will be signed by the landowner, who will retain one copy. The Closing Officer will place one copy in the files of the project office and will place the original with the title papers. The separate receipts on ENG Form 1571 for each disbursement made will be attached to the original ENG Form 1570.

(o) Procurement of check. (1) After acceptance and distribution of the offer assembly and the acquisition is ready for closing, the following instruments and supporting data will be transmitted to the Finance and Accounting Officer for scheduling of SF 1166, Voucher and Schedule of Payments, and issuance of check:

(i) Two true copies of the preliminary opinion of the Attorney General, where required; or

(ii) Two true copies of a preliminary certificate of title or title guarantee policy where the preliminary opinion of the Attorney General is not required; or

(iii) Two copies of ENG Form 909, Attorney's Preliminary Certificate of Title, in easements acquisition which cost less than $1,000; and

(iv) Two true copies of other supporting data evidencing amount due and payable, such as statement of closing attorney; and

(v) Two true copies of the offer assembly or deed executed by the vendor, if offer form has not been utilized.

(2) The following statement, appropriately modified, signed by the Chief, Real Estate Division, may be transmitted in lieu of the above listed certificates:

I certify that the check requested hereby is to pay an obligation of the United States as reflected on the attached (Offer to Sell) (easement or deed). I further certify that the parties signatory to this document and shown on the voucher as payees are the same parties reflected in a preliminary certificate of title issued by the _____ Title Company in the possession of the Real Estate Division of this office. The completion of the transaction will be in accordance with existing regulations pertaining to the closing of real estate acquisitions.

The landowner's signature on a voucher is not necessary. On payments involving civil funds, paragraph 3–7g, ER 37–2–10, will be followed.

(p) Procedure after payment. When the above closing requirements have been met, the Closing Officer will:

(1) Immediately order a final continuation of the type of title evidence which has been contracted for. The final title evidence must be dated as of the date of recordation of the deed to the United States, or a subsequent date, to show a valid title vested in the United States of America subject only to those title defects which have been administratively waived or to those liens and encumbrances for which sufficient funds were withheld from the purchase price to satisfy and discharge them.

(2) Check carefully ENG Form 1566, Payment and Closing Sheet and Receipt for United States Treasurer's Check, to see that funds have been properly disbursed.

(3) Review the continued abstract, final certificate of title, or title insurance policy, as soon as they are prepared and determine that the proper preliminary and final title evidence and related papers on the case have been completed in proper order. Thereupon a Final Title Opinion will be prepared.

(4) Transmit as the Final Title Assembly to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314, the Final Title Opinion, title evidence and related papers. This Final Title Assembly must be chronologically arranged and securely fastened for permanent filing, and should include the following:

(i) Abstract of title, properly continued through time of closing; or preliminary, intermediate, and original of final certificate of title; or interim binder and original of the Title Guarantee (Insurance) Policy.

(ii) Curative instruments and material pertaining to title defects appearing in the abstract, the final certificate of title, or the title guarantee or insurance policy.

(iii) Deed to the United States, executed, stamped, acknowledged, and recorded.

(iv) Copy of the accepted offer to sell (ENG Form 42 or ENG Form 2970).

(v) Completed ENG Form 798.

(vi) Completed ENG Form 1566.

(vii) Statement regarding payment of taxes or amount withheld to pay the taxes.

(viii) Where required, completed ENG Form 1290.

(ix) If the power of attorney procedure is followed, power of attorney on proper Department of the Treasury Form and completed ENG Forms 1569 and 1571.

(x) Certified copy of any waiver letter or certificate.

(xi) Any other papers relating to the title or closing of the case.

(xii) An additional copy of the deed and the Attorney's Final Title Opinion for review by the Attorney General.

(5) A copy of the executed and recorded deed will be retained by the Division or District Engineer for the project files.

(6) Similar action will be taken by the Closing Officer in acquisition of easements costing not in excess of $1,000.

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(a) Disposition of final title assemblies. The final title opinion and related papers will be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314 for review and disposition. In addition, copies of deeds and related papers in acquisitions for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve Program of the Department of Energy will be forwarded to: Department of Energy, Strategic Petroleum Reserve Project Management Office, 900 Commerce Road East, New Orleans, Louisiana 70123.

(b) Division/District files. True copies will be retained for Division or District files.

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(a) Transfer of tracts from purchase to condemnation. If at any time, in the course of acquisition by purchase, it becomes apparent that title clearance and closing cannot be completed within 60 days of the offer to sell, action will immediately be taken to acquire the land by condemnation in order to make funds available to the landowner.

(b) Contents of letter of submittal. In such cases the letter of submittal will contain or be accompanied by:

(1) All title evidence.

(2) An analysis of the title defects and a statement of the attempts which have been made to cure the defects.

(3) A statement of the attempts to have the title infirmities waived by the title company and the reasons for refusal; or

(4) The curative material which has been obtained to remedy the infirmities; and

(5) Two copies of the offer to sell from the apparent owners.

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Sections 644.81 through 644.88 describe the procedures of the Corps of Engineers relating to the acquisition of land and interests therein for both military and civil works projects by purchase, donation and transfer.

(a) Applicability. These sections are applicable to all Division and District Engineers having real estate responsibilities.

(b) Acquisition authority—(1) Limitation. Acquisition of land for use by the United States requires express authorization (10 U.S.C. 2676, 41 U.S.C. 14).

(2) Military. Title 10 U.S.C. 2571 authorizes transfer of real property between Defense elements without compensation if the Secretaries approve. Title 10 U.S.C. 2662 provides that acquisition of fee title or transfer of real property owned by the United States to another Federal agency, military department or a state must be reported to the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and House of Representatives if the estimated value is more than $50,000 and the transaction may not be consummated until after 30 days have expired from the date the report is submitted to the Committees. Title 10 U.S.C. 2663 provides for acquisition by the Secretary of a military department during time of war or when war is imminent of any interest in land, including temporary use, required for a Defense installation, munitions plant or power plant for production of munitions, through negotiation and purchase, by condemnation or by gift. Title 10 U.S.C. 2672 provides that the Secretary of a military department may acquire any interest in land, including temporary use, by gift, purchase, exchange of United States owned land or otherwise, that he or his designee determines is needed in the interest of national defense and does not cost more than $50,000 exclusive of administrative costs or the amounts of deficiency judgments.

(3) Civil works. Acquisition of real property for civil works projects for which provision has been made by law is authorized in 33 U.S.C. 591–595a and 701. As in the case of military projects, the Secretary of the Army is also authorized to accept donations of lands and materials required for civil works projects.

(c) Rights-of-entry. Rights-of-entry for construction may be obtained by the Division or District Engineer, after he has been authorized by the Chief of Engineers to acquire the land, pending completion of acquisition by purchase or the filing of condemnation proceedings with declaration of taking. In the event the landowner will not voluntarily grant a right-of-entry, an appraisal of the required interest should be made and negotiations conducted on the basis thereof. If the negotiations are not successful, a declaration of taking should be submitted to acquire the necessary rights. The same procedure will be used for acquiring rights-of-entry for other purposes, such as survey and exploration.

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(a) Authority to begin acquisition. Action to acquire a tract of land will not be initiated until the Real Estate Design Memorandum (for all projects except military) or Real Estate Planning Report (for Army, other than Civil Works, and Air Force projects) is approved and specific authorization of the Chief of Engineers, or the appropriate Air Force Regional Civil Engineer (AFRCE), to proceed with the acquisition of the project is received by the Division and District Engineer and funds have been made available. Upon such approval, the Division or District Engineer is authorized to initiate action for the acquisition of the estate approved for the particular project in accordance with the procedures hereinafter set forth.

(b) Tract description. Authority to initiate engineering planning of a project will state the mapping procedures provided for in Chapter 3, ER 405–1–12. It is necessary that land requirements be determined, that the various tracts be identified by ownership, and that accurate tract descriptions be developed. Tract ownership data may be developed by Division or District personnel from the local land records or procured by contract from a qualified local Government official, abstractor or title company representative.

(c) Title evidence. With approval to proceed with acquisition, title evidence contracts can be initiated. The procedures for obtaining title evidence are covered in §§644.61 through 644.72. Preliminary title evidence to confirm ownership and status of the title is prerequisite to negotiating for acquisition of the land or interests therein.

(d) Appraisals. Concurrently with the procurement of title evidence, the appraisal of the land should begin. The appraisal, when approved, forms the basis for the determination of fair market value which will not be less than the approved appraised value. The appraisal procedures are covered in Subpart B. Normally, one appraisal per tract (ownership) will be obtained; however, in unusual cases such as those which involve novel, unique or controversial appraisal concepts, there is no objection to obtaining more than one appraisal covering the same tract if considered advisable by the Division or District Engineer. When fee tracts are acquired by eminent domain procedures, where the value of the property is between $50,000 and $100,000, only one appraisal need be provided to the Department of Justice so long as it is a contract appraisal; two appraisals will be provided for values exceeding $100,000. Easement tracts acquired by eminent domain procedures, in excess of $50,000, will require two appraisals. At least one of the two appraisals must be made by a contract appraiser. Generally, in these cases, the second appraisal is procured only after negotiations indicate that agreement on price cannot be reached and that acquisition by condemnation will be required. The second appraisal will be procured in order that the Corps can take advantage of any negotiating flexibility that the second appraisal may afford in order to preclude court action. It is also necessary that the appraisals be relatively current in point of time (not to exceed six months) since dependent upon the real estate activity and degree of stability of the local economy, significant changes may take place in relatively short periods of time.

(e) Environmental considerations. Paragraph D3, Attachment 1 to Enclosure 1, DOD Directive 6050.1, dated March 19, 1974, subject: “Environmental Considerations in DOD Actions,” requires close environmental scrutiny of real estate acquisitions, disposals and outgrants to determine if said actions constitute a “Major Action Significantly Affecting the Quality of the Human Environment (MASAQHE).” If the action is determined to be a MASAQHE, then an environmental impact statement is required. Paragraph D3 is quoted here for ready reference:

D. Certain types of actions require close environmental scrutiny because of the possibility that they may either affect the quality of the environment or create environmental controversy. It may be desirable in such cases to have a complete presentation of the environmental aspects of the proposed action available for any interested party. For these reasons, consideration shall be given to documenting the environmental effect of the following types of actions in writing: (The written environmental assessment need not be elaborate for actions in which it is readily determinable that the impact would not be significant; however, negative declarations must be supported by written environmental assessments which generally meet the EIS format requirements.)

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(a) Acquisition objectives. The objective of a land acquisition program is to acquire land at a price that will afford each landowner his constitutional guarantee of “just compensation” as that term has been defined by Federal judicial decisions. The Government must never pay less than just compensation unless a gift is intended. In eminent domain proceedings, the just compensation due a landowner is determined judicially by court award or by settlement prior to trial; in a purchase case, it is determined by negotiations leading to a satisfactory price and agreement with the landowner. While it is recognized that an appraisal is only an informed opinion and does not establish or determine just compensation, it is also recognized that, in negotiating for the purchase of land, an appraisal is the best and sometimes the only reliable opinion of the market value of the land which is supported by a thorough, acceptable analysis of market conditions at the time of purchase. Therefore, in the negotiation for the purchase of land, an approved current appraisal shall establish the minimum price to be paid for the land being acquired by the Corps of Engineers. Negotiations or offers below this price are prohibited except where the property is being acquired on a competitive basis and condemnation is not authorized.

(b) Negotiating objectives. In all cases, it is important that the negotiator receives adequate guidelines and explicit instructions. Promptly, after the amount of the estimated just compensation is established, the negotiator shall make an initial offer in the full amount of the fair market value, shall advise the landowner that the land was appraised for such amount, and shall furnish the landowner a written statement of, and summary of the basis for, said amount. A concentrated effort will be made to acquire the land for that amount. This written statement will be in the form of a letter which may be delivered personally or by first class mail. Such summary will include, as a minimum, the following items:

(1) Definition of the term “fair market value.”

(2) An accurate legal description and location identification of the real property and the interest(s) therein to be acquired (legal description and estate may be attached).

(3) The amount of the offer and a statement that such amount:

(i) Is the amount believed by the agency to be just compensation for the property;

(ii) Is not less than the approved appraisal of the fair market value of the property;

(iii) Disregards any increase or decrease in the fair market value caused by the project for which the property is to be acquired, or by the likelihood that the property would be acquired for such project, other than that due to physical deterioration within the reasonable control of the owner;

(iv) Does not reflect any consideration of or allowance for any relocation assistance and payments which the owner is entitled to receive.

(4) An inventory identifying the buildings, structures, fixtures, and other improvements, including appurtenant removable building equipment, which are considered to be part of the real property for which the offer of just compensation is made. The inventory shall include a statement of the utility and condition of said buildings, structures, fixtures, and other improvements.

(5) A description of the appraisal technique used, i.e., market approach, income approach, or cost approach, in sufficient detail to explain clearly to the landowner the process by which his property was valued. Thus, as an illustration, where the market approach was used, the explanation should include the number of comparable sales used, their general location and type, the factors considered in adjusting sales of subject property, and any other information which would help the landowner understand what was done to value his property. A statement that comparable sales of similar properties were examined without more explanation is not sufficient. Similar information should be given when any other appraisal technique is used. Unusual cases will require a more detailed explanation.

(6) An identification of land classification categories (do not show acreage breakdown).

(7) If only a portion of a property is to be acquired, an apportionment of the total estimated just compansation for the partial acquisition between:

(i) The amount representing the just compensation for the real property to be acquired;

(ii) The amount, if any, representing severance damages to the remainder, together with a brief narrative description of the cause thereof; and

(iii) In the event “off-setting benefits” are involved, these must be shown, along with a narrative explanation and the landowner shall be given a “person-to-person” explanation by the negotiator.

(8) If the property contain a dwelling, the value of said dwelling and homesite shall be set forth separately, with the statement that this figure will be used in calculating housing relocation benefits under title II of Pub. L. 91–646.

(9) If any building, structure, fixture, or other improvement, comprising part of the real property, has been identified as being owned by a tenant who has the right or obligation to remove it at the expiration of his term, the amount of the value of such building, structure, fixture, or other improvement, being the greater of:

(i) The amount which the tenant's improvement contributes to the fair market value of the real property to be acquired; or

(ii) The fair market value of the tenant's improvement for removal from the real property. The basis of such amount shall be included.

(c) Appraisal reports or the appraiser's analysis (complete breakdown of principal value elements) will not be revealed by the negotiator unless specifically authorized. Cases involving property for which the highest and best use cannot be definitely established, and to which the exceptions mentioned in paragraph (a) of this section do not apply, will be reported to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 for specific instructions. If the land is being donated, initial offers are not necessary, and the appraisal will be significant in negotiations only when considering the conditions under which the donation is made as, for example, an agreed valuation for tax purposes. Negotiations will be based on current market values, which normally means that last offers will be based on appraisals not over six months old. Exceptions will be required in instances of rapid escalation of values when the appraisal is quickly outdated or in instances of a relatively static market or other condition resulting in a minimal change in property values. In such cases an explanation will be necessary.

(d) Exceptions—(1) Corps Employees. If an employee of the Corps of Engineers has a direct interest in a tract of land being acquired by the Corps for public use, the tract will be acquired by condemnation. In cases of this nature, appraisal reports should be prepared, reviewed and forwarded together with a declaration of taking, with the condemnation assembly. The negotiator's report, of course, will not be included. The Department of Justice will be requested to handle all further matters pertaining to settlement or trial of the case. The Department of Justice has agreed to accept full responsibility for negotiations and approval of settlements or awards in such cases, without contacting any Corps personnel other than the owner of the interests being acquired.

(2) Members of Congress. Since, under 18 U.S.C. 431 and 432, members of Congress who hold interests in land that is required for project purposes cannot contract for sale of such interests to the Government, these interests will also be acquired by condemnation. Negotiations for acquisition by purchase or for settlement without trial cannot be conducted by officers or agents of the United States. The determination of just compensation must be made by judicial proceedings. Appraisal reports and the condemnation assembly should be prepared and forwarded as set forth in paragraph (d)(1) of this section.

(e) Negotiating guidelines. (1) The negotiator should be thoroughly familiar with the Division and District negotiating guidelines and should study the background data of the project, consisting of the authorizing act, survey report, project document, design memoranda, etc.; the applicable appraisal reports; tract ownership data; preliminary title certificates; and other related material. He should be entirely familiar with the project and the owner's individual property before initiating negotiations.

(2) The owner shall be provided with available brochures which explain the project and the Pub. L. 91–646 benefits, together with the written statement and summary required by §644.83(b). The negotiator should explain to the landowner the Government's requirement for the land, the amount of land required, the estate(s) to be acquired, the terms and conditions of the Government's contract form, and the fact that relocation assistance benefits may be available. He should furnish the landowner a copy of a map indicating the boundaries of that portion of his land to be acquired, where the entire ownership is not being acquired or where different estates are being acquired in the same ownership, specifying the estate in each area.

(3) Negotiations will be continued in an effort to obtain acceptance of the Government's offer or a reasonable counteroffer from the landowner, or until it is definitely determined that such a counteroffer will not be forthcoming. It is not intended that negotiations be continued until an unacceptable counteroffer is finally obtained. However, in an effort to obtain a reasonable counteroffer above the Government's estimate, the negotiator will, if necessary, take the initiative in suggesting a series of prices within a range which, in accord with the guidelines discussed in §644.84, has been predetermined to be reasonable.

(4) The interest of both owners and tenants must be considered and protected. The tenant is a proper party to the transaction, and every effort must be made to obtain the consent of the landowner and tenant as to the price to be paid to the tenant for his leasehold interest. This can be accomplished by the tenant's execution of ENG Form 1564, Consent to Offer to Sell Real Property, which shall then accompany the owner's offer to sell. In cases where the tenant executes this form, payment for the tenant's interest can be made to him in the closing of the purchase transaction. This procedure will be followed whenever possible. An exception is permitted in those cases where the landowner and tenant prefer to handle the matter as a private transaction between themselves. In such cases, it should be determined that a satisfactory agreement has been made by the landowner and tenant. Consideration should be given to any interest which the tenant may have in growing crops. This procedure is also applicable to any third party having an interest in the property, except through severance of a subsurface estate.

(5) Negotiations with landowners will be conducted in a fair and courteous manner. The negotiator must not, under any circumstances, resort to coercion or threats of condemnation.

(6) The negotiator has no authority to obligate the Government in any manner beyond the contract form. He must refrain from oral promises or understandings and include all terms and conditions in the contract form.

(7) Although appraisal reports cannot be made available for inspection by a landowner, the various elements of value considered by the appraisers may, and should, be discussed with the landowner to satisfy him that all elements of compensable values and damages have been considered in arriving at an overall value for the property being acquired. Care will be exercised during any discussion not to reveal specific amounts related to any elements considered in the appraisal, except the acquisition cost assigned to the dwelling for purpose of calculating replacement housing payment under section 203, Pub. L. 91–646.

(8) Any interest in a tract of land sought to be acquired, or any type of relationship with the owner, disqualifies the negotiator from participating in negotiations for the acquisition of that particular tract.

(9) An appraiser is not, under any circumstances, permitted to negotiate for the acquisition of a tract of land for which he has prepared the appraisal or reviewed it as reviewing appraiser.

(f) Discussions With Landowners. In order to avoid the creation of negotiating patterns, and keeping in mind that counteroffers must be justified as being just and reasonable, discussions with landowners should be conducted without disclosing the extent of the delegations and redelegations of authority to accept counteroffers. However, during negotiations on individual tracts, the landowners must be advised that, in the event of condemnation, the deposit will be in an amount no less than the approved appraised value, since the question of value cannot be resolved by negotiations. It must further be made clear that this advice is not in the nature of a threat, but is an explanation of the statement of policy directed by the Congress and the law. The negotiator will also inform each owner that offers and counteroffers made during negotiations are made without prejudice in the event of condemnation. The negotiator will make a notation on the Negotiator's Report to the effect that he has so informed the owner.

(g) Obtaining the written counteroffer; preparation of negotiator's report. If the negotiator considers that a counteroffer in excess of the approved appraised value is in the amount which should be considered for acceptance, the counteroffer will be reduced to writing on ENG Form 42, Offer to Sell Real Property, or on ENG Form 2970, Offer to Sell Easement, and be properly executed by the landowner. In such cases, a complete written record of negotiations with respect to each tract or ownership, as appropriate, will be maintained by means of ENG Form 3423, Negotiator's Report, Part I. This record will state the chronological history of negotiations, all elements considered in evaluating the landowner's final counteroffer, and the justification for such recommendation in accordance with §644.84. The justification will be fully recorded in ENG Form 3423A, Negotiator's Report, Part II, which is a separate page of this report, and which will be removed in the Office of the Chief of Engineers prior to submitting the counteroffer assembly to higher authority for approval. Final action on the counteroffer, either by the Secretary of the Army, the Chief of Engineers or under the delegated authority to Division and District Engineers, will be entered on this record as soon as that information is available.

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(a) Consideration of counteroffers. In negotiations with landowners, if agreement cannot be reached with a landowner as to the purchase price established by the appraisal, the lowest price demanded by the landowner may be considered by the Division and District Engineer, and the Chief of the Real Estate Division, on the basis of the following factors:

(1) Variations in appraisals. In the usual case, the Corps will have the opinion of only one appraiser with respect to the market value of the particular tract of land. It must be recognized that the opinion of a second equally competent appraiser might be higher or lower than that of the appraiser who appraised the property. Hence in considering counteroffers of landowners, Division and District Engineers should keep in mind that two equally competent appraisals may reflect reasonably divergent opinions of value as to the same property. Instances requiring two appraisals are covered in §644.82(d).

(2) Built-in costs, prior counteroffers, settlements and liability risks of proceeding to trial. It is recognized that there are certain Government administrative costs and liability risks involved when property is condemned by the United States and the land value is judicially determined. These items are definite in character but the attendant costs will vary. “Built-in” costs of proceeding to trial include, but are not limited to, the following items: Salaries of all Government personnel participating in trial preparation, pre-trial hearings, and the actual trial; cost of an additional appraisal(s); witness fees of contract appraisers employed by the Corps of Engineers or the Department of Justice; travel costs of all Government personnel and consultants participating in trial preparation, pre-trial hearings, and the actual trial; and cost of preparing trial documents and exhibits. Consideration should also be given to prior counteroffers which have been accepted and settlements approved prior to trial. “Liability risks” of proceeding to trial are the amount of the anticipated award over and above the appraised value, taking into consideration probable testimony on behalf of the Government and the landowners, as well as the history of condemnation awards in the Federal court jurisdiction in which the lands are located, and the amount of interest on a deficiency judgment which would result from the anticipated award. Serious consideration of the above factors may justify a recommendation for authority to accept a counteroffer which otherwise would appear to liberal.

(3) Non-compensable elements of value. Elements of value based on consequential damages or speculative values, as defined by the Federal courts, may not be recognized in considering a landowner's counteroffer. However, even though a landowner's counteroffer might include non-compensable items of value, favorable consideration of the counteroffer may be given if it can be justified on the basis of variances in appraisals, built-in costs, and liability risks of proceeding to trial.

(4) Value of reserved items. The salvage value of improvements and the value of crops and/or timber reserved by the landowners, as provided in §644.86 (g), (h), and (i), will not be included in the amount of the counteroffer in determining the excess of counteroffers over appraised values when applying the dollar and percentage limitations in the delegations of authority to Division and District Engineers for acceptance of counteroffers. The determination of the excess will be made on the basis of the appraised value of the interests being acquired (including the value of the reserved items) compared to the cash payment which will be made to the landowner if the Government accepts his counteroffer. However, this method of analyzing the counteroffer is intended for use only in determining the limitations of authority. The overall transaction must be in the interest of the United States and not afford an unwarranted windfall to the vendor.

(b) Application and Limits of Delegated Authority. The negotiating procedures outlined herein will apply to all acquisitions by the Corps of Engineers for the Army (military and civil), Air Force, Department of Energy (DOE), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and other Federal agencies which utilize the services of the Corps for acquisition of real estate. Delegations of authority to Division and District Engineers and to the Chiefs of their Real Estate Divisions to accept offers in excess of the appriased valuation have been made. Offers which do not exceed the approved appraised value may be accepted by authorized Division and District personnel regardless of the amount. Other offers will be handled as outlined in the paragraphs which follow.

(c) Exercise of Delegated Authority. The approval of a counteroffer over the appraised value, but within the authority redelegated to Divisions and Districts, will be evidenced by the Division Engineer, the District Engineer, the Chief of the Real Estate Division, or the incumbent of the position to which redelegations have been made, in one of the following manners:

(1) Manually accepting, on behalf of the United States, the offer to sell, as provided in §644.87; or

(2) Manually executing a dated notation of approval of the purchase price, to be placed in the tract file, preferably on the original of the Negotiator's Report (§644.83(g)).

(d) Submission of Counteroffers to the Chief of Engineers. Recommendations for the grant of authority to accept counteroffers which are considered reasonable, but which cannot be accepted by the Division Engineer, the District Engineer, or the Chief of the Real Estate Division, within the limitations of delegated authority, will be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 for consideration. Negotiator's Reports, prepared in accordance with §644.83(g) will accompany this submission; the contents thereof need not be repeated in the transmittal letter or in forwarding indorsements. The assembly will consist of the forwarding correspondence and the Negotiator's Report, with any additional material needed to support the recommendation of the Division and District Engineer. An analysis should be made of this offer as compared with other counteroffers accepted for the project, as well as with results in condemnation cases settled before trial. Signed offers will not be forwarded unless they contain deviations requiring approval by the Chief of Engineers. Appraisal reports are helpful and may be necessary reference for proper consideration of the recommendation. In the event the appraisal report was approved by HQDA (DAEN-REA), the forwarding letter should refer to the approval correspondence and data. It will not be necessary to enclose copies of the appraisal report. Where only a portion of an ownership is required, information should be furnished in the Negotiator's Report or in the transmittal correspondence (1) as to whether or not the remainder portion is considered to be an uneconomic remnant and (2) if so, as to whether or not an offer was made to acquire the entire property. Further, a statement is required as to whether or not it is considered that the acquisition will have any adverse effect on the acquisition of the remaining land required for the project.

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(a) Provisions of Military Construction Appropriation Act. (1) Section 108 of the Military Construction Appropriation (MCA) Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95–101) provides that no part of the funds provided in the Act shall be used for purchase of land or easements in excess of the value as determined by the Corps of Engineers, except:

(i) Where there is a determination of value by a Federal Court; or

(ii) Purchases negotiated by the Attorney General or his designee; or

(iii) Where the estimated value is less than $25,000; or

(iv) As otherwise determined by the Secretary of Defense to be in the public interest.

(2) The above wording, except for paragraph (a)(1)(iv) of this section, constitutes a limitation on accepting or submitting a recommendation for approval of a counteroffer in excess of the appraised value. Paragraph (a)(1)(iv) brings military acquisition within the general acquisition policy required under Pub. L. 91–646. Future MCA Acts should be carefully examined to determine if any limitations on acquisition have been restored.

(b) Local cooperation projects. The participation of a non-Federal agency in a federally-assisted project will be in accord with section 221 of Pub. L. 91–611 and subpart J (to be published). Acquisition of real property by a non-Federal agency will be in accord with sections 210 and 305 of Pub. L. 91–646 and this chapter.

(c) Negotiations on the basis of ownership; “Package-Deal” negotiations. (1) Normally, negotiations for all interests in all tracts which are being acquired from one parent ownership will be negotiated at one time. These tracts will usually consist of all those to which the same basic tract number has been assigned. Exceptions may be made only where negotiations for some of the tracts in a series must be accomplished to obtain possession, or for other critical reasons. Piecemeal acquisition must be avoided if at all possible.

(2) When more than one tract is operated by the owner as a unit, negotiations should take place on the two or more tracts or groups of tracts, whether or not they bear the same basic tract number.

(3) In cases where an owner insists on a “package-deal” negotiation on all tracts in the same ownership, or having at least one common owner, the negotiations will be considered as one transaction.

(4) Tracts which are in the same ownership, but which are not operated as a unit, should, unless the owner desires otherwise, be negotiated separately, on the basis of the separate appraisals which would be prepared in this type of case.

(5) Under paragraphs (c)(1), (2), and (3) of this section, the limitations of authority to accept counteroffers will be applied to the entire transaction.

(d) Acquisition by condemnation if negotiations fail. As soon as it is determined that a satisfactory agreement cannot be reached after full consideration of all reasonable counteroffers received, action will be promptly taken to acquire the property by condemnation proceedings, including the filing of a declaration of taking, in order to make funds available to the landowner and to maintain the project acquisition schedule. The landowner should be advised in writing, sufficiently in advance of the submission of the condemnation assembly to the Chief of Engineers, that condemnation proceedings will be recommended and the reason therefor. Condemnation assemblies will include copies of the Negotiator's Reports or other written records of negotiations. The estimated compensation to be deposited in the registry of the Federal District Court with the filing of a declaration of taking will be in the amount of the approved appraisal.

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(a) General. Prior to the enactment of Pub. L. 91–646, the Corps encompassed a very generous policy of priority leasing with respect to former owners and tenants, in order to ease the burden of people who had to relocate because of the Corps' projects. Recognizing the inadequacies of the well-intentioned attempts by acquiring agencies to make whole the former landowner or tenant, the Congress enacted Pub. L. 91–646 which was approved on January 2, 1971. It would appear that the Congress intended that such law provide for the fair and equitable treatment of persons who are displaced, without having to rely on interim measures, such as priority leasing, to ease the inevitable relocation. In House Report 91–1656, the Committee on Public Works of the House of Representatives noted the likelihood that adequate housing may not be available readily and indicated this as its reason for including the provision in the law that satisfactory replacement housing must be available before displacement. In view of this, it is incumbent on the District Engineer to be opportune in seeking out replacement housing and to be judicious in the early relocation of owners and tenants before market changes eliminate any available supply of replacement homes. It is also essential that the District Engineer be diligent in providing the required relocation assistance advisory services and benefits authorized by the law.

(b) Possession by Government. It will be the objective of the District Engineer to have the premises vacated and to cause unneeded improvements to be removed at the earliest practicable date and conform to the Congressional intention expressed above. In addition to the above, reasons for this objective are:

(1) To provide for the expeditious payment of benefits to former owners and tenants;

(2) To complete administration of the actual relocation of owners and tenants in a timely manner;

(3) To avoid maintenance and security problems with respect to acquired improvements;

(4) To prevent vandalism, trespassing and poaching with respect to acquired improvements;

(5) To avoid any implication that former owners or tenants may be permitted to remain indefinitely on the federally acquired property;

(6) To cause land to be leased on the basis of the most practicable size and configuration rather than on the basis of the size of the units acquired;

(7) To permit the general public to bid for the lease of federally owned land rather than restricting the privilege of leasing to the former owner or tenant; and

(8) To avoid a backlog of incomplete actions when construction or flooding is imminent or the land is otherwise required.

(c) Possession reserved to former owners and tenants. It is considered that the policy of granting priority leases to former owners and tenants has been overridden by the enactment of Pub. L. 91–646. Accordingly, this policy is being phased out, and where applicable, the acquisition agreement will set forth the dates agreed upon for the vacation of the premises by the owner and tenant without commitments, express or implied, as to the leasing of the premises after such dates. Procedure for providing for vendor's continued possession after the Government's acquisition is covered in paragraph (l) of this section.

(d) Outstanding rights. (1) When the United States is acquiring title subject to outstanding rights, the offer will differentiate between:

(i) Property which the vendor is excepting or rights which he is reserving and which are created for the first time; and

(ii) Rights which third parties have acquired in the past, generally referred to as outstanding rights in third parties.

(2) Exceptions or reservations of rights which the vendor may retain, without interfering with the construction or operation of the project, will be set forth in the offer and deed by a clause following the description, beginning with the words: “Excepting  *  *  *” or “Reserving  *  *  *.” Any other outstanding rights, subject to which the United States is acquiring title, held by third parties will be set forth in the offer and deed by a clause, following the description, beginning with words, “Said premises are conveyed subject to  *  *  *.” Negotiations with the surface owner will include the owner's interest in the subsurface, unless acquisition of a lesser interest has been authorized by directive or specific approvals. These negotiations will not include interest severed and outstanding in third parties by purchase or lease, unless the surface owner agrees to remove the outstanding interest or agrees to obtain a subordination from the holder of the outstanding interest if that is consistent with the acquisition plan. If negotiations with the surface owner are successful, an Offer to Sell will be obtained, reciting the outstanding interest in the “Subject to” paragraph of the form, unless the surface owner has agreed to remove the outstanding interest (or obtain a subordination, if appropriate), in which case the Offer to Sell must recite specifically that the surface owner is assuming this obligation. In order to carry out the requirements of this paragraph, the title evidence must be examined prior to negotiations or, in any event, prior to acceptance of the Offer to Sell.

(e) Right to repurchase prohibited. In no case will an offer be obtained in which the vendor reserves the right to repurchase the property. Such a reservation would be contrary to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of June 30, 1949, 63 Stat. 377, 40 U.S.C. 471, et seq.

(f) General reservation guidelines. (1) Reservations of the right to remove crops, timber, buildings, and improvements during a specified period will not be permitted without express approval of the Division or District Engineer on civil works projects, the Army or Air Force using service on military projects, or the Federal agency, if other than the Army or Air Force, for which the land is being acquired.

(2) At the time of the approval of the acquisition by the Chief of Engineers, a determination will generally have been made as to whether subsurface rights and/or water rights will be acquired or left outstanding. Acquisition will be on the basis of such determination and as outlined below. Lands will be acquired subject to minerals, oil and gas rights or other similar interests severed and outstanding in third parties by purchase or lease and as approved by the Chief of Engineers.

(3) Where it is not possible to acquire or subordinate an outstanding interest by negotiation and the interest will not interfere with the operation of the project, consideration may be given to obtaining a waiver from the Office of the Chief of Engineers on the basis of taking a calculated risk rather than resorting to condemnation (paragraph (k) of this section). Waivers will be considered on a tract-by-tract basis or on a project segment basis. Since such waivers involve several elements of the Office of the Chief of Engineers (Civil Works or Military Construction as well as Real Estate), the basis for the calculated risk must be fully explained.

(4) Concurrently with the negotiations to acquire from the surface owner, negotiations should be opened with the owner of the subsurface rights or other interests severed and outstanding in third parties by purchase or lease and required for the project, unless these interests are held in “block ownership.” Block ownership exists where a person, corporation, or other entity owns subsurface or other interests in connection with more than one surface tract and in sufficient amount for the entire interest holding to have added value, for operational or other reasons, because it is in a block ownership. In other words, block ownership exists when the acquisition of a part of the block would require the assessment of severance damage, even if the value of the interest or the amount of the severance damage would be in a nominal amount. On this basis, subsurface or other interests need not be contiguous to constitute a block ownership. Block ownership interests will not be acquired (or subordinated) piecemeal.

(5) Acquisition of the required interests, including subordination, held in block ownership should be started as soon as the extent of an operational unit is determined. As stated in paragraph (f)(4) of this section, all interests in a tract of land should be acquired at one time or as close in time as possible. Dual acquisitions of entire areas, one for surface rights and then for subsurface interests, should be avoided and acquisition of separate interests should be scheduled to coincide.

(g) Reservation of Buildings and Improvements. The reservation by vendors of the right to remove buildings and improvements will be permitted under the following conditions:

(1) Where the Division or District Engineer, in civil works projects, the using service in Army and Air Force projects, or the Federal agency, if other than the Army or Air Force, for which the land is being acquired, has determined that they will not be needed for the purpose of the project;

(2) The consideration to the Government for the reservation will be an amount negotiated at not less than the appraised salvage value of the building and improvements which are reserved, and such amount will be deducted from the negotiated price at the time of negotiation prior to execution of the offer;

(3) Where a reservation is permitted, the following clause will be inserted in the offer, following the description of the land:

Excepting and reserving to the Vendor the right to remove (enter description of buildings) on or before ___ 19 _, which the Vendor agrees not to relocate on other land to be acquired for the project; provided, however, that, in the event that the said buildings and improvements are not completely removed on or before said date, the right of removal shall terminate automatically, and the United States shall have a good and indefeasible title to said buildings and improvements which remain without notice to the Vendor; and provided further that, in the event said buildings and improvements are relocated on other land to be acquired for the project, the United States shall have good and indefeasible title to said buildings and improvements without notice or further compensation to the Vendor.

The date on which the buildings or improvements must be removed must be fixed so that there is no interference with contruction or carrying out the mission of the project. The date for the removal should allow a reasonable time for removal of the improvements, usually not more than 90 days, except that for valid reasons the Division or District Engineer may grant an extension of time for removal. The right to remove such buildings cannot be prolonged indefinitely and certainly such right cannot survive the limited right of possession reserved to former owners and tenants as provided in paragraph (c) of this section.

(h) Reservation of growing crops. (1) The reservation by the owners of the right to harvest and remove growing crops should be encouraged in order to conserve land acquisition funds and to avoid the costs incident to disposal of crops by the Government, whenever there is a probability that possession of the land will not be required prior to the harvest season.

(2) Where a reservation is permitted, the following clause will be inserted in the offer, following the description of the land:

Reserving to the vendor the right to harvest all of the growing crops located on the above described land on or before __________ 19__. In the event the crops are not harvested on or before said date, the right of removal shall terminate automatically, and the United States shall have a good and indefeasible title to said crops, without notice to the vendor.

The date on which the crops must be removed must be fixed so that there is no interference with construction or carrying out the mission of the project.

(3) The consideration to the Government for the reservation will be an amount not less than the appraised value of the crops as of the date of surrender of possession as disclosed by an approved appraisal report, and such amount will be deducted from the purchase price at the time of preparation and execution of the offer.

(4) Where a tenant has an interest in growing crops, the value of his interest must be fixed by use of ENG Form 1564, Consent to Offer to Sell Real Property, which provides that the value of the tenant's interest, as agreed upon by the landowner and tenant, will be paid from the purchase price for the land. The use of this form not only protects the tenant but, in addition, provides a simple method for extinguishing rights which the United States is legally bound to recognize. Where a tenant wishes to reserve the right to remove crops, it must be done in the name of the landowner, and in like manner. To accomplish the foregoing, any other form is satisfactory, in lieu of ENG Form 1564, as long as closing requirements are satisfied.

(i) Reservation of timber. (1) The reservation of the right to remove timber by vendors will be permitted only with the express approval of the Division or District Engineer, with the concurrence of the using service in cases other than civil works projects of the Corps of Engineers.

(2) Reservation of the right to remove timber will be handled in substantially the same manner as that described for the reservation of buildings and improvements. If owned by a third party, ENG Form 1564 will be used in the same manner as for crops unless the timber interests are held in block ownerships. The consideration to the Government for the reservation will be an amount not less than the appraised value of the timber, giving full weight to any unusual difficulty in harvesting and transporting which are caused by the size, shape and location of the stand reserved, time limitations for removal, clearing requirements over the above those normally involved in prudent harvesting, and similar factors. If necessary, the stand reserved will be re-appraised on this basis. An amount not less than this appraised value will be deducted from the purchase price at the time of preparation and execution of the offer.

(3) Where a reservation is permitted, the following clause will be inserted in the offer following the description of the land:

Reserving to the vendor the right to cut and remove on or before ___ 19 _, all trees in excess of ___ inches in diameter at breast height (DBH) located on the above-described land. In the event the timber is not removed on or before said date, the right of removal shall terminate automatically, and the United States shall have a good and indefeasible title to said timber, without notice to the vendor.

(j) Coal, oil, gas or other minerals. Acquisition of land or interests therein for project purposes will usually include the subsurface as well as the surface, except in areas where minerals have more than a nominal value. When the mineral, oil and gas rights have an identifiable value or are the subject of separate estates in the land, such mineral, oil and gas rights will not be acquired except where the development thereof would interfere with project purposes, but mineral rights not acquired will be subordinated to the Government's right to regulate their development in a manner that will not interfere with the primary purposes of the project, including public access, and not be inimicable to the environment. This is covered in more detail in subpart A. It is essential, however, in many acquisitions that the subsurface rights be acquired. In others, where these rights need not be extinguished, provision must be made in the offer the deed to subordinate such rights to project requirements, by excluding the owners of such rights from the area, or limiting exercise of such rights so that they will not interfere with the primary purposes of the project, including public access. The following guidelines are applicable in these cases:

(1) Where it has been determined that subsurface rights in the vendor, or outstanding in third parties, must be acquired, extinguished or subordinated, such arrangements will be made in the course of obtaining an offer for the surface or subsurface interests. Where the negotiations for acquisition, extinguishment or subordination of subsurface rights will be delayed, and it is considered advisable to proceed with surface acquisition to keep pace with project requirements, appropriate recommendations and justification will be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 for approval.

(2) If the owners of the surface and subsurface rights are agreeable, the separate interests can be acquired in a single transaction by use of ENG Form 1564, Consent to Offer to Sell Real Property. This method is the most desirable one, and, if used, the purchase price in the offer will cover both the surface and subsurface interests and the offer will not be taken “subject to” the subsurface rights.

(3) Subordination of the subsurface interest based upon the value of the minerals in place and which will allow continued production by the mineral owner or lessee must be pursuant to such terms as will safeguard the Government's interest and preclude a windfall to the mineral owner or lessee. Value of the minerals in place will not exceed the recoverable portion of said minerals using agreed upon production methods. See Subpart A for detailed treatment in the section pertaining primarily to Real Estate Design Memoranda.

(4) When the third-party owner of subsurface rights refuses to enter into an agreement as contemplated in paragraph (j)(2) of this section, the title to the surface estate may be acquired separately, and the subsurface rights outstanding in third parties acquired as a separate transaction. The offer for the acquisition of the surface estate will provide for the conveyance of all interests of the surface owner in and to the subsurface estate, as well as all surface rights, and provide for taking “subject to” the subsurface rights outstanding in third parties. In such cases, the negotiations described in §644.83 will be conducted on the basis of the approved appraisal, less the appraised value of the outstanding subsurface rights.

(5) Where it has been determined that the subsurface rights and interests therein need not be acquired, but the owners of such rights must be excluded from the area, and the owner of the surface is the owner of the subsurface estate, the offer will contain a clause providing that he relinquish, for the period that title to the tract is vested in the Government, all rights to enter upon the lands covered by the offer or that he will limit entry and exploration in a named manner so as not to interfere with the operation of the project. If third parties own subsurface rights or interests, a similar waiver of the exercise of such rights must be procured from all third parties having any interest in the subsurface estate, whether as lessees or assignees. The waiver by third parties must be obtained at the time the offer is procured for the surface estate, unless these subsurface interests are held in block ownership.

(k) Title exceptions—Administrative waivers. (1) A distinction should be made between those title defects, objections, liens or encumbrances which, if not eliminated, might possibly defeat or adversely affect the Government's title, and those interests in the property owned by parties other than the grantor. All encumbrances, defects, and outstanding interests which cannot be waived under paragraphs (k) (2), (3), and (4) of this section must be eliminated or a waiver of the defect secured from the Attorney General.

(2) Title may be taken subject to an outstanding third party interest which has been administratively waived. Requests for administrative waivers shall be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 for consideration, together with recommendations from Division and District Engineers. The recommendation for waiver should be coordinated with the using agency, if other than Department of the Army land (military or civil works), and should be accompanied by a certificate signed by the Chief, Real Estate Division or the Chief Appraiser, certifying that the outstanding interest has no contributory value to the estate being acquired and will not interfere with the purpose for which the property is being acquired.

(3) It has previously been administratively determined that all lands for Department of the Army (military or civil works) or Air Force projects may be acquired “subject to existing easements for public roads, public highways, public utilities, railroads and pipelines,” and “to the reservations, exceptions and any other outstanding rights contained in or referred to in patents issued by the United States,” and also “to water rights, claims or title to water, if any, or other similar title exceptions.” A decision as to whether any of these exceptions should be eliminated is the responsibility of the Division or District Engineer, after coordination with the using service if other than the Department of the Army. If such interests are to be left outstanding, they should be included in the “subject to” clause of the Offer to Sell.

(4) Offers to Sell may be accepted subject to subsurface mineral interests owned by third parties in accordance with §644.86(d). In such case, the “subject to” clause of the Offer to Sell should recite the specific interest which is being left outstanding. Where it is not possible to acquire or subordinate an outstanding subsurface interest by negotiations and the outstanding interest will not interfere with construction, operation or maintenance of the project, consideration may be given to obtaining a waiver from HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 on the basis of taking a calculated risk rather than resorting to condemnation. Such waivers may be considered on a tract-by-tract, segment-by-segment, or project basis. Where a number of small mineral interests in a project are to be recommended for waiver, it is preferable that the recommendation be submitted on an entire project or group of segments at one time. Such a recommendation should specifically identify the subsurface mineral interests which are to be left outstanding, together with the estimated value of each interest, and should be accompanied by a map(s) on which the areas affected by the outstanding interests have been outlined. The basis for the calculated risk should be explained fully.

(l) Possession reserved to vendor. (1) The objective in acquisition is to obtain possession for project purposes at the earliest practicable time. It is recognized, however, that there are occasions when possession by the Government may be delayed and provision must be made for continued possession by the former owner in order to meet the requirements of the Government's acquisition policy and to further soften the impact of the Government's acquisition. The retention of possession will enable the owner-occupant of farm land, or residential property, to receive his purchase money and remove improvements reserved by him, and permit occupants who may be former owners or tenants the privilege of harvesting growing crops and sufficient time to relocate to other locations. Accordingly, the Division or District Engineer may make provision for the former owner, occupant, and/or his tenant(s) to remain in possession of the land under the terms and conditions as follows:

(i) If the tract is to be acquired by direct purchase, the provision for retention will be written into the offer (ENG Form 42, ENG Form 2970, or ENG Form 1564) and will read substantially as follows:

Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph __ of this offer, (and/or consent to option) the occupant (vendor and/or his tenant) now in possession of the property, in consideration of the protection and maintenance of the land, buildings, and structures, and protection of the property against loss by fire, waste, or other causes, to which the occupant hereby agrees, reserves the right to occupy the property until _____. Such occupancy is subject to revocation by the (Division) (District) Engineer at any time by giving __ days notice in writing to the occupant if possession of the property is required by the United States; and provided further that the vendor-occupant or his tenant will remove no improvements or timber unless otherwise provided herein.

(ii) When the tract is to be acquired by condemnation, the circumstances of the right to remain in possession, which has been established as hereinafter set forth, will be fully described in the correspondence forwarding the condemnation assembly to HQDA (DAEN-REA-C) WASH DC 20314. The retention of possession without payment of rent is directed to the benefit of the occupant of the property with some property maintenance consideration to the Government. This procedure will not be used to permit non-occupant owners a means of retaining possession without payment of rent and at the same time collect cash rents or unreserved crop rents from tenants.

(iii) When the land being acquired is utilized by the owner and/or tenant for agricultural or related purposes, a period of possession may be allowed, if consistent with project requirements, to permit the crop owner to harvest growing crops, and to avoid abrupt dislocations. The period of possession reserved in the offer, or for which request for the order of the court is deferred in declaration of taking cases, should generally be co-extensive with the crop season or the date that, by custom in the community, leases of such properties ordinarily expire: Provided, however, That such period does not exceed 12 months from the date title vests in the Government. Reservation of possession or delay in entry of order of possession that will interfere with the Government's requirements for use of the land will not be allowed.

(iv) In the case of owner-occupied residential property other than farm residences, possession may be permitted for a sufficient time to allow orderly relocation, but no longer than 12 months after title vests in the Government.

(v) In connection with the acquisition of commercial, industrial, tenant-occupied residential property other than residences occupied by farm tenants, and special use properties, ordinarily the procedures of reserving possession to the vendor by a clause in the offer, or deferring the right to possession under a declaration of taking proceeding, should not be utilized. In such cases, after title vests in the United States, the continued possession of the property by vendor or tenant should be formalized by an outlease from the Government. However, if in the opinion of the Division and District Engineer a reservation for possession in the offer or deferral of order of possession is desirable in certain instances from a public relations standpoint or for other compelling reasons, such cases will be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 for consideration.

(vi) The reservation of use and occupancy in the vendor and/or tenant under the terms of the offer or deferment of possession must be based on adequate consideration to the Government. It is anticipated, however, that items such as the vendor's maintenance of the land, buildings, and structures, his protection of the property against loss by fire, waste, or other causes, and the fact that his possession can be revoked within a short period of time, will, in most instances, offset any rental for the period of the reserved occupancy or deferred possession which might otherwise be due. However, if possession is reserved by the vendor in the acquisition of commercial, industrial, and special use properties, or other type of property having a potentially high income factor, the fair rental value for the period of reserved use or deferred possession must be deducted from the agreed purchase price.

(vii) Special provisions for protection of the Government, such as those appearing in ENG Form 1366, Department of the Army Lease—River and Harbor or Flood Control Property, will be added to the reservation clause in the offer in cases where, in the opinion of the Division or District Engineer, they are necessary or desirable. If the case is not to be closed by direct purchase, the letter to the vendor notifying him of the Goverment's intention to file a declaration of taking will set forth the fact that possession is to be deferred and for what period, and will contain a statement as to the Government's expectation that the vendor will properly maintain and protect the premises, and perform such other acts (or refrain from such acts) as deemed advisable by the Division or District Engineer. Both the letter of notice and the reservation clause in the offer will provide that the right to possession may be revoked on 30 days notice to the vendor.

(2) It is recognized that farmers may experience difficulty in finding substitute farms needed for their livelihood within one year, and other owners and tenants may encounter difficulty in relocating within one year. Therefore, the District Engineer, as an exception to the procedure in paragraph (l)(1) of this section may lease properties to former owners or tenants at the fair market rental value for up to one additional year where the circumstances justify such action, and, in such event, the record will contain the reasons justifying the action. Any occupancy by the former owner or tenant beyond 12 months from the date the property was acquired by the Government will be covered by a lease and will provide payment of the fair market rental value of the property leased.

(3) The District Engineer, through channels, may request the Chief of Engineers to grant exceptions to this policy where unusual circumstances warrant such consideration. In keeping with the intent of this action, it is hoped that such cases will be minimal in number.

(4) The following will apply with respect to advance land acquisition projects. Former owners and tenants whose properties were acquired prior to August 1, 1972 will be allowed to remain on the property by lease on a year-to-year basis until the establishment of a land management use plan and thereafter, if the property is available for leasing, for a single five-year term. Former owners and tenants whose properties are acquired after August 1, 1972 will be allowed to remain on the property by lease on a year-to-year basis until construction commences: Provided, The property is available for leasing. After construction commences, if the property is not immediately required for project purposes, such former owners or tenants will be allowed to remain on the property by lease for an additional two years. Continued possession of properties acquired after the date construction commences will be governed by the procedure outlined in paragraph (l)(1) of this section.

(m) Schools, Cemeteries, and Facilities of State and Local Governments. ER 1180–1–1, Section 73, provides for the discretionary relocation by the Chief of Engineers of schools and other local governmental facilities, and acquisition of the sites under section 111 of Pub. L. 85–500. Section 73 will be followed in the acquisition and relocation of cemeteries. Where the school was formerly a part of an abutting tract, offers for the abutting tracts will contain a clause whereby the vendor or vendors agree to quitclaim all right, title, and interest whether vested or reversionary, in and to the school site in executing the deed to the United States.

(n) Reservations prior to completion of offer. Where immediate possession of areas is necessary and is obtained by right-of-entry or the filing of condemnation proceedings, owners often wish to move, taking with them buildings and improvements, or wish to harvest timber or crops, prior to any offer by the Government for the sale of their land. This action is authorized only under the following conditions:

(1) Appraisals of all the land, buildings, improvements, timber, and crops of the particular tract are completed and approved.

(2) A determination is made by the Division or District Engineer that the buildings, improvements, and timber will not be needed, and the harvesting of timber or crops will not interfere with construction or operation of the project.

(3) ENG Form 1565, Agreement for Removal of Property, will be obtained from all persons having an interest in the property to be removed. This agreement will recite the amount which the owner is willing to have deducted from the value of the tract as a whole for the right of removal, which may not be less than the appraised salvage value of the buildings, improvements and timber, and the appraised value of the crops, as set out in paragraphs (g), (h), and (i) of this section.

(4) ENG Form 1565 will be obtained and accepted by the Division or District Engineer, or the Chief of the Real Estate Division.

(5) If an offer is obtained later, an appropriate reservation must be inserted in the Offer to Sell to reflect the prior agreement relative to reservations and removals of property and the agreed value of same.

(6) If it is necessary later to file a declaration of taking on the particular tract, a copy of the agreement (ENG Form 1565) will be forwarded with the correspondence transmitting the declaration of taking assembly for use of the Department of Justice in the court action. The agreement by its own terms will serve as a stipulation as to the amount to be deducted from the ultimate award for the right of removing buildings, improvements, timber or crops.

(o) Loss or damages to improvements, timber, or crops—(1) Insurance protection against risks. The Government does not carry property insurance of any nature. Vendors, however, may be advised as to their liability for certain losses, and that insurance protection against such risks is optional. When buildings, improvements, timber, or crops on land being acquired by the United States are protected by insurance in effect when acquisition activities are initiated, the time and method of cancellation and negotiation for refund on premiums paid will be the responsibilities of the vendor. In order to avoid double payments to vendors, any amounts actually collected by vendors under the terms of the insurance policies for damage or loss occurring after acceptance of the offer by the Government will be deducted from the purchase price, regardless of when title is vested in the United States or the right to possession is exercised.

(2) Fixing liability—(i) Prior to vesting title in Government. Buildings, improvements, timber, or crops on land acquired by the United States by purchase or condemnation remain the property of the vendor until title has been vested in the United States by delivery of a deed of conveyance or filing of a declaration of taking, and loss or damage thereto caused by fire, acts of God, theft or vandalism, before such vesting of title, will be borne by the vendor, except as provided below.

(ii) Possession by Government. When the right to possession has been exercised by the United States under an accepted Offer to Sell, condemnation proceeding, or possession has otherwise been surrendered to and accepted by the United States, losses arising from damage to buildings, improvements, timber, or crops by fire, acts of God, theft, or vandalism will be borne by the United States. If, however, prior to vesting of title, the right to possession has been exercised, or surrender has been made and accepted only to part of the property, and the vendor continues to use buildings and/or to cultivate or harvest crops or timber, such loss will be borne by the vendor as to buildings, timber or crops retained.

(iii) Title in Government. After title has vested, losses to buildings, timber or crops not caused by the willful act or gross negligence of vendor will be borne by the United States; provided, however, that if the vendor continues in possession of buildings, timber or crops, after title has vested, and the deed, stipulation or order of court has reserved to the vendor the right to remove such buildings, timber or crops, loss or damage thereto, both before and after removal, caused by fire, act of God, theft, or vandalism will be borne by the vendor, only to the extent of the amount deducted from the purchase price, as provided in the deed, stipulation or order of court, for the right to remove.

(p) Other Reservations. The following rights may be reserved to the owner wherever such reservation will be to the financial advantage of the Government and it has been determined by the Division or District Engineer that the reservation of the rights will not interfere with the operation of the project. These rights may be reserved in the Offer to Sell and in the condemnation estate but only whenever mutual agreement between the owner and the Government concerning all phases of the acquisition except just compensation has been reached, or by stipulation for settlement of condemnation cases, subject to approval of revestment, if any, by DAEN-REA.

(1) Rights-of-way for stock to water. Reservations of rights-of-way will be permitted for watering stock, in the case of bona fide livestock operations, such as dairymen and ranchers. Such rights-of-way will be limited to a reasonable width and will not be permitted in public access and use areas. The reservations will be so worded as not to require the owners to fence the rights-of-way, but to provide that if they elect to do so, they must provide gates at satisfactory intervals to permit crossing of the rights-of-way.

(2) Rights-of-way for water pipeline for domestic use. Reservations of rights-of-way for water pipelines for domestic use (household, stock watering, garden, farm yard, but excluding irrigation) may be permitted by providing for the reservation of a temporary or permanent easement.

(3) Rights-of-way for water pipline for irrigation use. (i) In areas where irrigation is commonly practiced, or is of paramount importance, owners of remainder or contiguous lands will be permitted to reserve a sufficient real estate interest to place water pipelines across Government-owned lands, in order to obtain financing for irrigation development and/or in order to be assured of being able to carry on irrigation operations. In “water rights” States (prior appropriation of water rights), the reservation of such interests will be permitted only to those owners who have established water rights from the State, or who may in the future obtain such rights. When irrigation is a project purpose, such reservation must be coordinated with the Bureau of Reclamation.

(ii) Under these circumstances, a landowner may be permitted to reserve an easement and right-of-way for a water pipeline and pumping unit across the land he conveys, by appropriate provisions in the offer to sell and in the deed to the United States. In “water rights” States, this reservation will be “for the exercise of established water rights, although no right to use water is created hereby.” (This phraseology is to be incorporated in the reservation.) The reservation will also include any pertinent provisions considered essential by the Division or District Engineer, such as requirement to install the pipeline underground and at a specified depth.

(iii) Reservations of this nature will also be permitted in those cases where acquisition is by condemnation. In these acquisitions, the reservation may be recited in the complaint and declaration of taking, whenever full agreement except as to just compensation has been reached, or it may permitted later by stipulation.

(iv) When the project is located in an area in which the Bureau of Reclamation is developing, or planning to develop, irrigation districts or systems, prior coordination with the Bureau will provide that copies of all deeds and final condemnation judgments which recite reservations under this paragraph will be furnished to the local office of the Bureau. Thereafter, the Bureau of Reclamation will be responsible for supervising the exercise of the easements to insure compliance with Reclamation laws.

(v) Plans to provide for irrigation will be fully covered in the Real Estate Design Memorandum.

(4) Acquisitions in which these rights are to be reserved must, of course, be based on an appraisal of the fair market value of the estate to be acquired. Since the appraisal would probably be made originally on the basis that there would be no reservation, revision must be prepared whenever the reservation appears to be appropriate, to reflect the reduction in severance damages or other financial advantage accruing to the Government. Consideration of counteroffers which include proposals for these reservations by the landowner will be based on and compared with the appraised fair market value of the estate proposed to be acquired. Deposits with a declaration of taking will be based on the appraised fair market value of the estate to be acquired by the condemnation action.

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(a) Fee acquisition offer form. The use of the latest revision of ENG Form 42, Offer to Sell Real Property, is required in all authorized projects, except in those cases where agreements with the landowners can be fully reflected in an executed deed, and where the provisions of §§644.81(c), 644.82(a), and 664.86 are not applicable or can be fully complied with without the use of an Offer to Sell. When an agreement as to terms has been reached with the owner, or a counteroffer has been received which will be considered for acceptance or submitted for consideration by higher authority, a draft of the offer will be prepared, with particular attention to the following instructions:

(1) No changes or interlineations in the printed portions of the offer form will be permitted, unless authorized by the Chief of Engineers, except where the words “general warranty deed” are changed to another form of deed.

(2) Insert legal land description of property to be acquired, or attach description by Exhibits to be identified on page 1.

(3) The word “none” should be inserted in the blank spaces following the first and third lines, respectively, on page 2 of the offer form when title is being acquired free and clear of all rights outstanding in third parties and the vendor is not permitted to except or reserve any right or interest in the property to be conveyed to the Government.

(4) Particular attention is directed to §644.86, regarding exceptions and reservations and outstanding rights in third parties. No exceptions or reservations of crops, timber, buildings and improvements, subsurface rights, or any other interest will be incorporated in any offer to sell unless the required approvals have first been obtained.

(5) In any case where the offer form deviates from the standard approved forms or contains any conditions, exception, or reservation contrary to these instructions, the assembly will be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 for consideration with the recommendations of the Division and District Engineer. This may be done at the same time a counteroffer is submitted to DAEN-REA in accordance with §644.84(d).

(6) The landowner's name will be set forth in the offer in the exact way in which it appears on record.

(7) When it is necessary for a corporate agent, fiduciary, or any person other than an individual owner to execute the offer, satisfactory evidence of the authority to act for the owner must be attached to each of the copies of the Offer to Sell.

(8) Where it is necessary to attach sheets to the offer in order to fully set forth the terms of reservations, exceptions, or outstanding rights in third parties, such additional sheets must be securely attached and initialed by all parties signing the Offer to Sell.

(9) The name and address of the person or persons to whom notice of acceptance is to be sent must be accurately set forth. The address where the landowner can be reached after he vacates the property, if different from the address to which the notice is to be sent, should be obtained.

(b) Submission, acceptance, and distribution of offers to sell. (1) For each purchase transaction, the original offer and four copies will be signed by the landowner and spouse, if any. A copy (5th) will be left with the landowner when the offer is obtained.

(2) Division and District Engineers, the Chiefs of the Real Estate Divisions, and the incumbents of the position to which authority is delegated as provided in §644.84(d) are authorized to accept offers to sell for the acquisition of land or interests in land and easements, licenses, permits, or similar acquisition instruments: Provided, The price set forth in the instrument is within their authority to approve or has been approved in writing by higher authority. The Division or District Engineer may also delegate to Project Managers (including the heads of any field offices with responsibility for real estate acquisition) authority to execute real estate instruments by which land or interests in land are acquired by agreement with landowners, provided the consideration set forth in the instrument is within the approved appraised value or has been approved as provided in §644.84(c). Upon approval of the offer or other instrument requiring payment to the landowner, a determination that necessary funds are available, and acceptance of the instrument under the authority contained in this subparagraph, the instrument will be numbered in conformity with existing regulations and will immediately be distributed as follows:

(i) Original offers to sell will be retained at the Division or District for site audit.

(ii) Send signed copy to vendor as provided in paragraph (b)(3) of this section below.

(iii) Attached conformed copy to title assembly.

(iv) File signed copy with project records.

(3) Upon acceptance of the Offer to Sell, the Division or District Engineer will notify the vendor by transmitting a signed copy of the contract (accepted offer) to vendor by ENG Form 53, Notice of Acceptance of Offer to Sell Real Property.

(4) Upon acceptance of the Offer to Sell, the Division or District Engineer will notify the using service, in the case of military acquisition, that the Offer to Sell has been accepted and that the Government has “the right of immediate occupancy and use of the land,” subject to the terms of the accepted offer. The land should be clearly identified to the using service.

(5) Instruments which do not provide for payments to landowners will be distributed in accordance with regulations governing such cases.

(c) Easement acquisition offer form. (1) The use of ENG Form 2970, Offer to Sell Easement, is required for the acquisition of all types of easement estates, such as flowage, spoil, drainage, road, railroad, utility, restrictive or safety (Army and Air Force), clearance (Air Force), and other required easement acquisitions, except in those cases where agreements with landowners can be fully reflected in an executed deed, and where the provisions of §§644.84(b) and 644.86(d) are not applicable or can be fully complied with without the use of an Offer to Sell. Pages 1 and 2 of ENG Form 2970, containing the terms and conditions of the acquisition, are standard and need no modification. The tract of land in which the particular easement will be acquired will be described in Exhibit “A,” and the easement estate will be set forth in Exhibit “B” to ENG Form 2970. Division Engineers are authorized to approve deviations in ENG Form 2970 in all cases where the easement does not cost more than $500: Provided, That any deviation from the estates listed in Figure 5–6 of ER 405–1–12, must have the prior approval of DAEN-REA. When easements are being acquired from a vendor from whom fee is also being acquired, ENG Forms 42 and 2970 may be combined into one instrument in order to complete the entire acquisition as one transaction.

(2) In the acquisition of easements for rights-of-way for access roads, utility lines, etc., which cross or encroach upon rights-of-way or property of railroad companies, public utility companies, cities, counties and States, ENG Form 893, License for Installations Upon Right-of-Way, may be accepted, at the discretion of the Division or District Engineer, provided it is determined that such companies, municipalities, counties, or States are not vested with authority to convey a perpetual easement and the granting of a license under the conditions recited in ENG Form 893 will protect the interests of the United States and grant sufficient use of the right-of-way or land for project purposes. Normally a license of this nature should be obtained for a nominal consideration. Occasionally it will be necessary to provide for the payment of a small fee to cover the licensor's engineering and administrative expenses. In such cases, the consideration for the granting of a license will not exceed $100. In cases where the licensor demands a consideration equal to the appraised value of the right to be acquired, consideration will be given to the acquisition of a perpetual easement by condemnation, if the licensor is not vested with authority to grant such an easement.

(3) The description of the tract over which an easement is being acquired should be prefaced by terminology similar to that of ENG Form 42 which makes the tract inclusive of the abutting owner's interest in contiguous roads and other easements, if any.

(4) Offer assemblies will be prepared, accepted, and distributed in the same manner as provided for fee acquisition, except that ENG Form 3422, Notice of Acceptance of Offer to Sell Easement, will be used.

(d) Payment. After acceptance and distribution of the offer assembly and the acquisition is ready for closing, payment will be made.

(e) Cancellation of contracts. If, for any reason, it is necessary to cancel a contract for acceptance by the Government of the Offer to Sell, the cancellation will be effected by using ENG Form 1572, Agreement for Mutual Cancellation of Contract. Upon execution of this agreement by the landowner and the Division or District Engineer, or the Chief of the Real Estate Division, distribution of the original and copies of the agreement will be the same as for the accepted Offer to Sell.

(f) Transfer of tracts from purchase to condemnation. If, at any time in the course of acquisition by purchase, it becomes apparent that acquisition by purchase will involve substantial delay or cannot be accomplished, action will be taken to acquire the land by condemnation.

(g) Acquisition of land by donation. (1) In cases where the acquisition of real property has been authorized and approved by donation, ENG Form 42, Offer to Sell Real Property, or ENG Form 2970, Offer to Sell Easement, will be entered into setting forth the terms and conditions of the donation and conveyance to the United States.

(2) The offer, when approved and accepted, will be distributed in accordance with paragraph (b)(2) of this section.

(3) Title clearance and closing of donation cases are processed in the same manner as any other fee or easement acquisition.

(h) Vacation of property by landowners and tenants—(1) Notice to landowners. From the inception of the project, landowners and tenants will be instructed to notify the Division or District Engineer or Real Estate Project Manager, in writing, as soon as they vacate their property; to turn in their keys whenever possible in order that the buildings may be kept under lock; and to keep the Division or District Engineer or Real Estate Project Office advised of any changes in address in order to expedite title clearance, payment, closing action, and the distribution of funds in condemnation proceedings. Landowners and tenants will be informed that, in order to protect their interests, they should not move from their property and that the Government will not require them to surrender possession until:

(i) They have received notice of acceptance of an offer granting the Government the right of immediate possession; or

(ii) They have been served notice of the filing of a condemnation proceeding by which the Government has obtained the right of possession.

(2) Complete appraisals prior to vacation. Where an offer is accepted or a declaration of taking is filed, the individual tracts will have been surveyed and appraised. In condemnation proceedings for possession, there may be cases in which individual tract surveys and appraisals will not have been completed at the time the condemnation proceeding is filed. In such cases, landowners and tenants will not be required to surrender possession, and buildings and improvements will not be removed or destroyed in the conduct of construction work, until individual appraisals have been completed and photographs have been procured.

(3) Inspection of property. (i) As soon as a landowner or tenant gives notification that he is vacating his property, or as soon as this information is obtained from any other source, the District Engineer will immediately have a member of his staff make a personal inspection of the property and execute ENG Form 1567, Report on Vacation of Property. The inspection will be made with a view of determining whether all buildings, improvements, and crops on the land to be acquired, as listed in the appraisal report, are still on the land and in substantially the same condition as they were on the date of the appraisal.

(ii) Where buildings, improvements, and crops have been removed under a reservation in the offer, an appropriate entry will be made in paragraph (3) of ENG Form 1567.

(iii) Where buildings, improvements, and crops have been removed or destroyed in the conduct of construction work on the project, an appropriate entry will be made in paragraph (3) of ENG Form 1567.

(iv) It will be determined whether or not the land is wholly unoccupied and vacant and whether there is evidence of present use thereof for farming and other operations.

(v) The original report will be retained in the real estate project files. The second copy will be held for the use of the closing attorneys on purchase cases, or for the use of the local representative of the Department of Justice in condemnation cases.

(i) Public relations. One of the most difficult problems encountered in the real estate activities of the Department of the Army, particularly from a public relations standpoint, is that of the sudden dislocation of families, tenants as well as owners, and the relocation of these families. Special attention, therefore, will be given to their problems.

(j) Payment of relocation assistance and acquisition. Public Law 91–646 provides for reimbursement of certain expenses incurred by owners and tenants who are displaced as the result of Federal and federally-assisted programs. Payment of relocation assistance benefits and certain costs incurred by the vendor in transfer of title to the Government and certain litigation expenses incurred by the owner is provided for under that Act.

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(a) Acquisition from other Federal departments and agencies—(1) Transfers. Transfers will be obtained from other Government agencies after issuance of real estate directives. Muniments of title will be obtained from the transferring agency, if possible, and be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REP) WASH DC 20314, with the original transfer letter or document. Title 10 U.S.C. 2571 authorizes transfer of real property within the Department of Defense (10 U.S.C. 2662).

(2) Permits. Upon receipt of a proper request from an authorized command, service or agency, Division or District Engineers and the Chiefs of the Real Estate Divisions are authorized to obtain, accept, and renew permits from other Government departments or agencies for the temporary (five years) use of land (except public domain for Air Force) and buildings. The use of over 500 acres of public domain land must have prior approval by the Assistant Secretary of Defense (MRA&L) pursuant to Department of Defense Directive 4165.12.

(b) Withdrawal of public domain lands and right-of-entry permits for temporary use. (1) Withdrawal of public domain lands will be necessary if a site is selected for construction and/or there is a continuing military use. Except in time of war, withdrawals in excess of 5,000 acres for military use must be by authority of an Act of Congress (Pub. L. 85–337, 43 U.S.C. 156).

(2) Requests for withdrawal of public domain land will be made to the appropriate State or Regional Supervisor of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Department of the Interior, by the Division or District Engineer, pursuant to 43 CFR part 295, as soon as a real estate directive is issued.

(i) If use the of land is needed promptly to meet a construction deadline or for other use, the request for withdrawal will contain this information, and the BLM supervisor will be requested to expedite submission of his report to BLM in Washington, and to publish the proposed withdrawal in the Federal Register as soon as possible.

(ii) A copy of the request will be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 (with a copy to HQ, USAF (PRER), WASH DC 20330, on Air Force projects), with request for assistance in obtaining issuance of the Public Land Order in time to meet construction or military use deadline.

(3) Pursuant to authority of 43 U.S.C. 416, requests for withdrawal of public domain lands may also be made to the appropriate State or Regional BLM Supervisor by the Division or District Engineer for the reservation of those public domain lands which will eventually be required for authorized Civil Works projects, in order to proceed with planning phase work and to prevent adverse private entry thereon. Such action will permit administrative jurisdiction to remain with the present Government agency for continued utilization not in conflict with the eventual purpose of the project. A copy of the request will be furnished to DAEN-REA.

(4) If a withdrawal is requested, the BLM supervisor cannot grant a permit to use the area; however, permits can be obtained for survey and exploration purposes, since these do not involve construction or military use of the land.

(5) Necessary rights-of-way will be obtained under the authority of section 507, Pub. L. 94–579, approved October 21, 1976.

(c) Acquisition of outstanding rights on public domain—(1) Acquisition of possessory rights to mining claims. (i) Upon issuance of a real estate directive to extinguish outstanding mining interests in the public domain, and notification that the Bureau of Reclamation (BLM) has withdrawn the public domain from appropriation under the public land laws and the public mining and leasing laws, the Division or District Engineer will, if necessary to obtain possession for construction or other project purposes, recommend to the Chief of Engineers the filing of a complaint in an eminent domain proceeding, based on a perimeter description of the project, and the obtaining of an order of immediate possession. Thereafter, the Division or District Engineer will promptly determine the possessory mining claims within the area withdrawn, and he is authorized to acquire such claims for either a nominal sum or an amount not to exceed the combined estimated costs of obtaining a detailed appraisal report and having the validity of the claim investigated by the BLM. This authority is limited to $1,000 per claim.

(ii) If an offer to settle is made on the basis provided in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, and is not satisfactory to the possessory mineral owner, the Division or District Engineer will request the BLM to investigate the validity of the claim. In such case, under Comptroller General Decision B-143921, the District Engineer is authorized to make an agreement with the BLM for reimbursement of the following:

(A) Examination of the claim itself and assembling of the evidence to support the claim of invalidity.

(B) The presentation of the evidence, the cross-examination of witnesses for the mining claimant and other related expenses (subpart A).

(iii) The Corps of Engineers is not authorized to reimburse the BLM for hearing of the evidence and the rendering of the decision as to the validity of the mining claim.

(iv) If determined to be valid, claims will be appraised and an offer will be made to the owner at the approved appraised value. BLM is authorized to determine value of the claims and the Division or District Engineer may wish to arrange with BLM to perform this service on a reimbursable basis. In the event the offer based on the approved appraisal is not acceptable to the owner, and a reasonable settlement cannot be effected by negotiation, the Division or District Engineer will forward a report to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 with recommendation as to whether the claim should be acquired by declaration of taking or be left outstanding. Those cases in which occupants were dispossessed under the order of immediate possession, referred to in paragraph (c)(1)(i) of this section, will be given priority attention in all phases of the procedure set out herein, including preparation and submission of declaration of taking assemblies in appropriate instances.

(2) Acquisition of grazing rights. (i) Grazing rights in the public domain are granted pursuant to the provisions of a series of Congressional acts commonly referred to as the Taylor Grazing Act, 43 U.S.C. 315 et seq. Section 315q of this Act provides as follows:

Whenever use for war or national defense purposes of the public domain or other property owned by or under the control of the United States prevents its use for grazing, persons holding grazing permits or licenses and persons whose grazing permits or licenses have been or will be cancelled because of such use shall be paid out of the funds appropriated or allocated for such project such amounts as the head of the department or agency so using the lands shall determine to be fair and reasonable for the losses suffered by such persons as a result of the use of such lands for war or national defense purposes. Such payments shall be deemed payment in full for such losses. Nothing contained in this section shall be construed to create any liability not now existing against the United States.

It is emphasized that payments under this section are administrative; further that this section applies only to military projects.

(ii) Upon issuance of a real estate directive to acquire or terminate grazing rights in the public domain or other property owned or controlled by the United States and notification that the Government department controlling such lands has granted a right-of-entry or transferred the lands to the Departments of Army or Air Force, the Division or District Engineer will initiate action to acquire or terminate such grazing rights as authorized by the real estate directive.

(iii) Appraisals will be prepared in accordance with subpart B and the guidelines set forth in Comptroller General Decision No. B-132774, dated October 9, 1957.

(iv) Discussions with landowners concerning acquisition of a ranch unit will be conducted in accordance with the procedures for fee acquisition.

(v) Offers will be prepared, accepted, and distributed as provided in §644.87.

(vi) Title procurement and title clearance relating to the acquisition of title to any fee lands within the ranch unit will be the same as in any other fee acquisition. In preparing title evidence covering leasehold interests, a search of the records will be made by the Division or District Engineer Office and ENG Form 909, Attorney's Preliminary Certificate of Title, will be prepared. In connection with the search of the records, it should be noted that Federal grazing privileges may be pledged or encumbered with mortgages.

(d) Acquisitions under provisions of relocation contracts. (1) When land or interests therein, including subordination of minerals, required for project purposes are acquired under the provisions of relocation agreements negotiated in accord with Section 73, ER 1180–1–1, it will be necessary to procure title evidence covering such land and interests. If the value of interests so acquired is not otherwise determinable for compliance with §664.84, said value will be determined by the Division or District Engineer by means of a memorandum appraisal to be retained in the tract file. While this type of acquisition does not involve the closing procedure set forth in §644.70, so much of the title assembly described as is applicable, plus an executed or certified true copy of the relocation contract, will be used in the examination and approval of the title. The disposition of final title assemblies will be governed by §644.71.

(2) The procedures described in §§644.81 through 644.88 do not apply to the extinguishment of outstanding rights, including subordination of easements and similar interests, under the provisions of relocation contracts, as differentiated from the acquisition of land or easements, or the subordination of oil, gas, and other mineral rights, to be utilized for project purposes.

(e) Acquisition by exchange—(1) Military. The authority to acquire land by exchange for military projects is provided in 10 U.S.C. 2672, and in the Military Construction Authorization Act passed each year. As an example sections 601 and 702, Pub. L. 95–82, August 1, 1977, the Military Construction Authorization Act, 1978, provides in part, that “the authority to acquire real estate or land includes authority to make surveys and to acquire land, and interests in land (including temporary use), by gift, purchase, exchange of Government-owned land, or otherwise.” Title 10 U.S.C. 2662a–4 provides that a transfer of real property owned by the United States to another Federal agency or another military department or to a state must be reported to the Committees on Armed Services if the estimated value of the property is more than $50,000. A prerequisite to any acquisition by exchange is authority for the acquisition.

(2) Civil works. The authority to exchange land or other Government property for private lands or property in execution of an authorized river and harbor or flood control work or improvement is found in 33 U.S.C. 558b and 558b–1.

(3) Coordination with the Office of Managment and Budget (OMB). OMB requests that each proposal to use Government-owned property in a land acquisition exchange be cleared with the appropriate Associate Director of OMB. Disposal actions where exchange through the authority of the General Services Administration or specific legislation is envisioned will be cleared with OMB prior to filing a disposal report pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 2662. A draft letter to the Associate Director, Office of Management and Budget will be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA) WASH DC 20314 stating the requirement for the new acquisition, the description of the property to be excessed, its estimated fair market value, and a justification for the exchange of that property as constituting its highest and best use. OMB clearance will be required before disposal reports outlining exchange proposals are filed with the Congress.

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This Section describes procedures of the Corps of Engineers relating to the involuntary acquisition of land and interests in land on the basis of a physical appropriation or use by the United States. It is applicable to all Division and District Engineers having real estate responsibilities.

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While the Secretary of the Army and Secretary of the Air Force have no authority to acquire interests in real property except under express authorization and appropriation made by Congress, the Government may, nevertheless, in the performance of an authorized act involuntarily acquire an interest in real property, for which the owner is entitled to just compensation. Whenever a plaintiff successfully prosecutes litigation which establishes that an interest in real property has been taken, the interest so taken should be confirmed in the form of a grant, wherever possible. The instrument should be recorded in the public land records and permanently retained in the real estate files, as evidence of the interest taken and as a protection against possible future claims of purchasers for value without notice. No employee or representative of the Corps of Engineers shall intentionally make it necessary for an owner to institute legal proceedings to prove the fact of the taking of his property, as prescribed by Pub. L. 91–646. Examples of involuntary acquisition are:

(a) Damage to real property caused by flooding, saturation, seepage, erosion, or other causes arising out of the construction, operation, or maintenance of an authorized project.

(b) Damage as a result of overflights of aircraft.

(c) Other instances where Government actions result in a restriction of the use of property.

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In those cases where a landowner files suit alleging that the Government took his property or an interest therein, a litigation report should be furnished in accordance with ER 1180–1–1. Litigation reports will be submitted in quadruplicate in cases involving military installations, and in triplicate in cases involving civil works. District and Division Engineers will furnish an additional copy direct to the local United States Attorney in actions in a United States District Court. In addition to the information required by ER 1180–1–1, there will be furnished preliminary certificates of title to properties subject to the taking, covering a period of search of at least 25 years prior to initiation of the action, and indicating the date of acquisition of the plaintiff's interest. Certificates may be procured commercially, or may be prepared by a staff attorney.

(a) Avigation easements. Reports on actions alleging the taking of an avigation easement should include the following information together with supporting exhibits:

(1) Permanency of the installation and its designated use;

(2) Dates of commencement of use of the runway involved and of each extension thereof;

(3) Date of commencement of take-offs and landings by regularly assigned aircraft of the type (identify) causing the taking;

(4) Frequency and actual height of flight of the particular aircraft over some portion of plaintiff's property;

(5) Any applicable zoning regulations affecting use of the property;

(6) A drawing at an approximate scale of 1&inch; to 400′ showing the location and length of the present runway, its original length, and each extension, and also showing the location of plaintiff's property with relation to the approach-departure zone of the runway and the longitudinal distance in feet, measured along the extended center line from the end of the runway and the lateral distance measured perpendicular to the extended center line, of the plaintiff's property and of any dwellings thereon.

(7) A vertical projection of the drawing at an approximate scale 1&inch; to 100′ showing the approach-departure clearance surface at the specified slope ratio and the mean sea level heights of the end of the runway and of the plaintiff's property and any dwellings thereon; and

(8) Name of the person qualified to testify concerning preparation of the drawing.

(b) Clearance easements. Litigation reports on actions alleging the taking of a clearance easement will contain the following:

(1) Details of any prior acquisition of clearance easements over the same property;

(2) Statement as to any outstanding clearance easement directives, including criteria for approach and transition zones, status of negotiations, and copies of appraisal reports;

(3) Statement that all acquisition of clearance easements has been stopped, unless their prompt acquisition is necessary to provide for current flight operation; and

(4) Recommendation that there be included in the estate, in the event of settlement, provisions for the clearance of existing obstructions and prohibition against future obstructions, provided that circumstances will permit a delay in the acquistion of a clearance easement until completion of the litigation.

(c) Appraisal reports. Appraisal reports will be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REE) WASH DC 20314 after the Department of Justice has determined the date (or dates) of taking. These reports will reflect the “before” and “after” values of the property, based on the assumption that the United States acquired an easement on that date (or dates).

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In any case in which the Court determines that the United States has taken an interest in real property, the Department of Justice will attempt to have included in the findings and in the judgment a precise description of the interests taken. An attempt will also be made to provide in the judgment that payment by the United States will not be required until the plaintiff has delivered a deed or other acceptable conveyance of the interest taken.

(a) Preparation of instrument. Upon receipt from the Department of Justice of information as to the nature of the settlement which has been reached, a deed will be prepared, drafted in accordance with §644.70, covering the estate provided in the judgment.

(b) Execution and recording of deed. The Division or District Engineer will obtain proper execution of the deed, record the same, procure a final certificate of title of a commercial title company or a staff attorney, and obtain a final title opinion pursuant to the provisions of the Delegation to the Department of the Army for the Approval of the Title to Lands Being Acquired for Federal Public Purposes, dated December 4, 1970, and issued by the Assistant Attorney General, Land and Natural Resources Division, Department of Justice. The title assembly and final title opinion should be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314, with information copy of transmittal letter to Division Engineer.

(c) Notification to the Department of Justice. If the recorded deed and the final certificate of title are not readily available, the Division or District Engineer will notify the Land and Natural Resources Division of the Department of Justice by letter, with a copy to the appropriate United States Attorney, that the deed has been properly executed and delivered by the plaintiff and has been entered for record in order that settlement will not be delayed.

(d) Disposition of final title assembly, mapping, and audit. When a final title opinion has been obtained, the Division or District Engineer will assign a tract number to the areas in which the interest has been acquired, will add the tract to the project map, and will transmit the final title opinion and related papers to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314. The tract will be included in the audit of the installation to which it pertains. Audits will be revised for this purpose, if necessary. The amount of the judgment received by the plaintiff will be shown in the audit assembly, with a proper notation that it represents the amount of the judgment entered in the litigation, which will be identified in the audit by its civil number, and by designation of the Court in which it was rendered. A copy or abstract of the judgment will be inserted in the District Office audit assembly, identified as follows:

Directive by judicial decree for the acquisition of Tract No. ; being an easement (or other interest), containing __ acres.

(e) Action in lieu of confirmatory deed. Where a confirmatory deed cannot be obtained, the Division or District Engineer will obtain from the Clerk of the Court a copy of the final judgment (or an appropriately excerpted copy of the final judgment), acknowledged or properly certified to permit recordation in the local land records. The Division or District Engineer will record same and later transmit the appropriate title assembly to HQDA (DAEN-REA-P) WASH DC 20314. If the final judgment does not contain language which clearly vests title in the United States of the interest in land for which compensation was paid, request should be made of the United States Attorney to move the Court to amend the judgment to show that such title has vested.

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Source:  Sections 644.111 through 644.121 appear at 44 FR 8184, Feb. 8, 1979, unless otherwise noted.

§ 644.111   General.

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Sections 644.111 through 644.121 describe the procedures of the Corps of Engineers relating to the acquisition of real estate and interests therein by condemnation proceedings. It is applicable to the Office of the Chief of Engineers (OCE) and to all Division and District Engineers having real estate responsibilities.

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A complaint in condemnation, and any declaration of taking filed in conjunction therewith, will contain a citation of the congressional authorization and appropriation acts for the particular project, and any other applicable acts of Congress. Existing acts of Congress authorizing the acquisition of land and interests therein are outlined in AR 405–10 and subpart A. Acts of Congress applicable, generally, to condemnation proceedings are outlined below.

(a) Military projects. (1) Act of Congress approved August 1, 1888 (25 Stat. 357, 40 U.S.C. 257) authorizes the head of any Government department or agency to acquire real estate, otherwise authorized for acquisition, by condemnation proceedings.

(2) Section 2663 of title 10, United States Code, authorizes the Secretary of a military department to acquire by condemnation any interest in land, including temporary use of the site, construction, or operation of fortifications, coast defenses, or military training camps.

(3) Section 9773 of title 10, United States Code, authorizes the Secretary of the Air Force to acquire by condemnation additional permanent air bases and depots, enlarge existing air bases and depots, bombing and machine gun ranges, and areas for the training of tactical units.

(4) Section 2233 of title 10, United States Code, authorizes the Secretary of Defense (with authority to delegate) to acquire by purchase, lease, or transfer, facilities necessary for the Reserve Components. The authority to acquire by purchase has been held to include the authority to condemn. Therefore, this section authorizes condemnation for both Army and Air Force Reserve Training Sites.

(b) Civil works projects—(1) Rivers and harbors. (i) Act of Congress approved April 24, 1888 (25 Stat. 94, 33 U.S.C. 591) authorizes the Secretary of the Army to cause proceedings to be instituted for the acquisition by condemnation of any land, right of way, or material needed to maintain, operate, or prosecute works for the improvement of rivers and harbors for which provision has been made by law.

(ii) Section 5 of the Act of Congress approved July 18, 1918 (40 Stat. 911, 33 U.S.C. 594) provides that possession of lands being acquired by condemnation proceedings for river and harbor works may be taken, provided adequate provision shall have been made for payment of just compensation.

(2) Flood control. (i) Act of Congress approved March 1, 1917 (39 Stat. 950, 33 U.S.C. 701) makes the provisions of the Act of Congress approved April 24, 1888 (paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section) applicable to flood control works.

(ii) Section 6 of the Act of Congress approved August 18, 1941 (55 Stat. 650, 33 U.S.C. 701c–2) makes the provisions of section 5 of the Act of Congress approved July 18, 1918 (paragraph (b)(1)(ii) of this section) applicable to flood control works.

(3) Local cooperation. Acts of Congress approved June 29, 1906 (34 Stat. 632, 33 U.S.C. 592) and August 8, 1917 (40 Stat. 267, 33 U.S.C. 593) provide that the Secretary of the Army may institute condemnation proceedings for the acquisition of land or easement therein for river and harbor works which local interests undertake to furnish free of cost to the United States. The provisions of these Acts were made applicable to flood control works by the Acts of Congress approved March 1, 1917, and August 18, 1941 (paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (ii) of this section).

(c) Other pertinent statutes. (1) Act of Congress approved July 18, 1918 (40 Stat. 911, 33 U.S.C. 594) provides that the United States shall have the right to take immediate possession of land to the extent of the interest condemned. The exercise of this right is subject, however, to the policy considerations set forth in the Act of Congress appoved January 2, 1971, Pub. L. 91–646 (84 Stat. 1894).

(2) Act of Congress approved February 26, 1931 (46 Stat. 1421, 40 U.S.C. 258a) makes provision for the filing of a declaration of taking in conjunction with condemnation proceedings and provides that title to the land or interests in land included in the declaration of taking vests in the United States upon filing with the court and deposit of the estimated compensation in the registry of the court.

(3) Title III of the Act of Congress approved January 2, 1971 (Pub. L. 91–646, 84 Stat. 1894) contains policies and guidelines for acquisition of land.

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(a) Only in exceptional cases will the Chief of Engineers give favorable consideration to the filing of a complaint in condemnation, and the request for an order of possession, without the concurrent filing of a declaration of taking and deposit of estimated compensation in the registry of the court. Examples of situations in which complaints may be used are as follows:

(1) Immediate possession is required for some essential military need and time does not permit preparation of an appraisal, title work, or negotiations.

(2) Condemnation proceedings are necessary in connection with a cemetery, in order to secure court approval of the relocation and reinterment plan in accordance with the procedure outlined in ER 1180–1–1.

(3) Where right of entry for survey and exploration, appraisal purposes, or other similar need is required, and there is no material interference with the owner's possession. However, where there is material interference with the owner's possession, or it is considered there will be significant damage to the land, a deposit of estimated compensation may be necessary.

(b) Approval required. Prior to submission of a complaint assembly, except in cemetery cases, all pertinent facts justifying the need for such action will be submitted to the Division Engineer for approval. If the proposed action is approved, the Division or District Engineer will inform all affected landowners and tenants of the action being taken, the necessity therefor, and the subsequent procedure to be followed by the Government in conducting negotiations to acquire the land after the filing of the complaint.

(c) Complaint assembly. The following assembly will be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA-C) WASH DC 20314 where only a complaint is to be filed:

(1) Five copies of individual tract descriptions identified as Exhibit “A”. (Reproduced copies will be accepted if clear and legible.)

(2) Five copies of segment or project maps, showing each tract or area to be acquired shaded or outlined in red and identified as Exhibit “B”.

(3) Five copies of a list of the names and addresses of the persons purporting to own the tracts or having an interest therein, identified as Exhibit “C”.

(4) Five copies of the exact estate or interest to be acquired, identified as Exhibit “D”.

(5) In Air Force projects and acquisitions for other agencies, one additional copy of each exhibit will be required.

(6) In Air Force project acquisitions, the additional information set out in §644.114(f) will be submitted, in duplicate.

(7) In those jurisdictions that adopt the alternate form declaration of taking, complaint assemblies should be similiar to the schedules submitted for the declaration of taking assembly.

(d) Letter of transmittal. Where a complaint assembly is submitted, the letter of transmittal should include the following information:

(1) A statement indicating the date of approval of the Real Estate Design Memorandum in civil works projects or the date of the Real Estate Directive for other projects, and whether the land included in the complaint assembly is within the approved project boundary line, together with the citations of the authorization and appropriation acts which cover the acquisition.

(2) The approved appraised valuation and date of appraisal of the interest to be acquired or, if appraisals have not been prepared, the estimated value with a statement indicating the basis of the estimate.

(3) Information as to whether the land included in the complaint assembly is vacant or occupied, together with the date any occupants will be required to vacate the premises.

(4) If possession is required, an explanation of the need therefor and the reasons why the normal land acquisition schedule was not met.

(5) Results of contacts with the landowners and tenants and their views with respect to the filing of condemnation proceedings.

(6) A statement as to the plan and schedule to acquire such land after filing of the complaint in order to make funds available to the landowners and tenants.

(7) In assemblies concerning land for other than civil works projects, a statement indicating whether all of the land authorized in the Real Estate Directive is included in the assembly. Any variance between the area or estate authorized in the directive and those in the assembly should be fully explained.

(8) In military assemblies, a statement of expected local resistance to the proposed acquisition and efforts made to adjust military requirements to the local situation.

(9) Whether there have been any Congressional inquiries regarding the acquisition.

(e) Action after filing complaint. After filing of a complaint proceeding, action to acquire the land involved, either by direct purchase or by the filing of a declaration of taking, will be completed as soon as possible.

(1) Where a satisfactory Offer to Sell is obtained and accepted, the transaction will proceed through the stages of title clearance, payment and closing. Upon final approval of title, the Division or District Engineer will recommend to the Chief of Engineers that the Department of Justice be requested to dismiss the tract from the proceeding.

(2) Where a satisfactory lease of the premises included in a leasehold condemnation proceeding is obtained and accepted, the Division or District Engineer will recommend to the Chief of Engineers that the Department of Justice be requested to dismiss the tract from the proceeding.

(3) The recommendation of the Division or District Engineer for dismissal of a tract from condemnation will include the following information:

(i) Name of project.

(ii) Caption of the complaint and civil action number assigned thereto.

(iii) The date the final title approval was rendered; on lease cases, the date the lease was accepted.

(iv) A statement as to whether the particular deed or lease includes the same land described in the complaint under the same tract number.

(v) A statement as to whether the particular deed or lease includes all outstanding interests involved in the complaint insofar as the specific parcel of land is concerned. If all outstanding interests are not covered by the deed or lease instrument, a statement of the proposed method of acquiring those interests which remain outstanding, either by filing a declaration of taking or by direct purchase, or a recommendation that they be left outstanding permanently.

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If it has been determined that acquisition of a tract cannot be accomplished by purchase due to failure to reach an agreement with the owners as to value, inability to contact the owners, title defects, or for other reasons, acquisition will be completed by the filing of a declaration of taking in a condemnation proceeding and the concurrent deposit of the estimated compensation in the registry of the court. The requirements for a declaration of taking are set forth in 40 U.S.C. 258a.

(a) Declaration of taking assembly. The assembly to be submitted by the Division or District Engineer to the Chief of Engineers, with a recommendation for the filing of a declaration of taking, will contain the following:

(1) Seven copies of the declaration of taking. (Reproduced copies will be accepted if clear and legible). The copy to be executed and filed in court must be free of errors and erasures.

(2) Seven copies of tract descriptions and names and addresses of purported owners, identified as Schedule “A” to the declaration of taking.

(3) Seven copies of a segment or project map, showing the individual tracts outlined in red, or shaded in such a way as to identify them, constituting Schedule “B” to the declaration of taking.

(4) In acquisitions for Air Force and other agencies, one additional copy of each of the above is required.

(5) As to tracts which are appraised at $50,000 or more, it is necessary to have a least two appraisals for each such tract in condemnation. One copy of each appraisal will be forwarded with the assembly for those tracts valued less than $100,000, and two copies where the value is $100,000 or more. Also, a copy of the appraisal should be forwarded when there is a counteroffer of $50,000 or more, no matter what the appraisal is. In all cases where two appraisals are necessary, at least one will be by a contract appraiser approved in advance by the United States Attorney in whose jurisdiction the case will be filed.

(6) Appraisals must be on a current basis so that at the time of submission of the assembly, the review certificates should indicate that the review has been made within thirty days prior to submission of the assembly.

(7) Guides in preparing declarations of taking for acquisitions for the Departments of the Army (Military and Civil) and Air Force are contained in Figure 5–5 in ER 405–1–12.

(8) Each case where there is an accepted Offer to Sell on which we will ask the Department of Justice to obtain judgment should be submitted as a separate Declaration of Taking.

(b) Negotiator's report. Each declaration of taking assembly should be accompanied by a separate Negotiator's Report, ENG Form 3423 (Parts I and II), in duplicate, for each tract of land included in the assembly. The Negotiator's Report should be current, i.e., it should indicate a contact with the landowner, or his representative, at a time reasonably close to the date of submittal of the assembly, and should reflect that actual, practical and realistic negotiations were conducted in accordance with the procedure set forth in §644.83. The Negotiator's Report should be complete, but should be concise and not made unduly lengthy by extraneous material. It should contain so much of the following information as may be pertinent:

(1) A brief physical description of the property, including its present use and highest and best use claimed by both the Government and the landowner.

(2) Number of discussions and date and place of each discussion, and a statement that the landowner was furnished a summary of the basis for the Government's valuation prior to negotiations.

(3) Statement of each offer made by the negotiator, any counteroffer received from the landowner, and any figures suggested by the negotiator in an effort to obtain a reasonable counteroffer above the Government's estimate of value.

(4) Where the discussions reveal that further negotiations would not be productive, a statement that the real estate representative explained that it was necessary that the interests be obtained through condemnation, not in the sense of a threat, but as an effort on behalf of the Government to secure an impartial determination by the court of the differences of opinion as to value, and in order to make funds available to the landowner.

(5) If the owner cannot be contacted for the purpose of conducting negotiations, a full explanation of the circumstances and the efforts made to contact the owner should be set forth in the Negotiator's Report.

(6) A statement that any remaining property of the owner enjoys access and is an economic unit, or if it is an uneconomic remainder, that the Government has offered to acquire the remainder.

(7) Where there is an Offer to Sell, the Negotiator's Report should include a statement that no separate representations were made in order to obtain the offer, if this was the case. If any such representations were made, they should be fully explained. The report should also include the negotiator's telephone number.

(c) Letter of transmittal. The letter of transmittal to be submitted with a declaration of taking assembly will contain the following:

(1) The date of the real estate directive or the date of approval of the real estate design memorandum which includes the land to be condemned, a statement that the land is within the approved project boundary line, and the date of approval of the boundary line.

(2) A statement concerning the availability of funds.

(3) A list of the dates of the appraisals of the tracts in the assembly and the dates of the last review thereof. If more than one approved appraisal exists for any tract, the deposit will be in the amount of the highest approved appraisal. If the value of growing crops has been included in the appraisal, a statement concerning same is required in the transmittal letter pursuant to paragraph (h)(3) of this section.

(4) A statement that all owners of land included in the assembly, whose addresses are known, have been notified in writing that condemnation will be recommended and the reason therefor. The information furnished to the owners should include the name and address of the United States Attorney who will advise and assist them in applying for withdrawal of the funds deposited in the registry of the court. The notice to the owners should also state the date on which possession of their property will be required.

(5) A statement concerning the date when possession of each tract included in the assembly should be obtained. This should include information as to when the 90-day notice was given, as required by section 301(5) of Pub. L. 91–646 (84 Stat. 1894), or if not required, an explanation as to why not.

(6) In assemblies involving other than civil works projects, a statement as to whether or not all of the land authorized in the real estate directive is included in the proposed declaration of taking. Any variance that may exist between the acreage in the directive and the acreage in the declaration of taking should be fully explained.

(7) For military projects, a statement of the expected local resistance to the proposed acquisition by condemnation, and the efforts which have been made to adjust requirements to the local situation.

(8) For those assemblies involving the first case in a particular project, information as to:

(i) When the initial land acquisition for the project took place.

(ii) The total acreage for the project and the estimate of the cost thereof; if available, two copies of the project brochure furnished to landowners should be forwarded.

(iii) Whether or not an environmental impact statement has been filed, and, if not, when it is expected to be filed.

(9) Two copies of each accepted Offer to Sell covering any of the tracts included in the declaration of taking will be submitted with the assembly.

(10) A statement as to whether there have been any Congressional inquiries regarding the acquisition.

(d) Title defects. If a tract is recommended for condemnation due to title defects, three copies of the title opinion will be submitted with the assembly.

(e) Deposit of funds. Two copies of the declaration of taking, as finally approved and signed, will be transmitted by the Chief of Engineers to the Division and District Engineer. Procurement and delivery of a check to the United States Attorney for deposit in the registry of the court will be authorized, subject to the availability of funds.

(f) Additional information to accompany Air Force acquisitions. Each condemnation assembly (complaint or declaration of taking) covering the acquisition of land for an Air Force project will include the following information and material, in duplicate:

(1) A map showing the base boundaries, outlining in red all land included in the applicable real estate directive, and showing the land included in the condemnation assembly hachured in red. In the case of an off-base facility, the map will show the nearest boundary of the main base with relation to the off-base facility, outlining in red all land in the appplicable real estate directive, with the land covered by the condemnation assembly hachured in red.

(2) On the same map or a larger scale map, the following information on each tract in the applicable real estate directive:

(i) Tract number.

(ii) Acreage.

(iii) Ownership.

(iv) Contours.

(v) Existing improvements.

(vi) Proposed construction, including utilities, drainage ditches, and other supporting facilities.

(3) Summary of status of acquisition of all land included in the applicable real estate directive. ENG Form 3905–R will be used for this purpose. All discrepancies in figures for acreages and costs should be fully explained.

(4) If any of the land included in the applicable real estate directive is held under voluntary lease or leasehold condemnation, report for each such tract the annual rental, the period of time the leasehold interest has been held, and whether it is a voluntary lease or a condemnation leasehold. If the land is not under lease, this fact should be reported.

(5) If the United States has previously acquired an easement interest (clearance easement, safety area easement, etc.) in any of the land included in the condemnation assembly, identify the real estate directive which authorized the previous acquisition by number, date, interest acquired, acres, cost and method of acquisition (including lease number, tract number, caption with civil action number as applicable). A negative report is required.

(6) If severance damage is involved in any of the land included in the condemnation assembly, include a detailed statement of the facts and justification for the severance allowed, unless the severance damage has been adequately explained in a Real Estate Planning Report or a Real Estate Requirements Estimate, in which case such Report or Estimate should be identified for reference.

(7) A copy of the appraisal report on which the deposit in a declaration of taking is based, irrespective of value.

(g) Interests included in declaration of taking. (1) The estate recommended for use in a declaration of taking should conform to the estate approved by the Chief of Engineers in Civil Works projects and to the applicable directive in military and other agency projects. Any deviation should be fully explained and justified in the transmittal letter. Examples of estates which have been approved for use in declarations of taking are contained in Figure 5–6 in ER 405–1–12. A condemnation proceeding is an in rem action. The definition of “property” and what constitutes property is generally determined by reference to State law. Therefore, full consideration should be given to the applicable State law in connection with requests for deviations from the standard approved estates.

(2) Normally, under the “unit” rule a condemnation proceeding should include all interests in a given tract authorized for acquisition even though an Offer to Sell may have been obtained and accepted from the surface owner with an outstanding interest in the subsurface estate recited in the “Subject to” paragraph. In such a case, if it is necessary to condemn due to title difficulties or failure of the owner to carry out the terms of the Offer to Sell, the deposit will be increased by the appraised value of the outstanding subsurface interest. The only exception to including subsurface interests outstanding in third parties is in the case of block ownership of subsurface interests; i.e., where a person, corporation, or other entity owns subsurface interests under more than one surface tract and in sufficient amount for the entire interest holding to have added value, for operational or other reasons, because it is in a block ownership. In other words, block ownership exists when the acquisition of a part of the block would require the assessment of severance damage, even if the value of the interest or the amount of the severance damage would be in a nominal amount. On this basis, subsurface interests need not be contiguous to constitute a block ownership.

(3) If future negotiations to acquire or subordinate the subsurface interests left outstanding under paragraph (g)(2) of this section (or any non-block subsurface interests “excepted” from direct purchase cases) are unsuccessful, and the outstanding interest cannot be waived under the provisions of §644.86, then acquisition or subordination of the outstanding interest should be accomplished by condemnation proceedings. In so doing, block ownerships should be condemned as a unit rather than on a piecemeal basis. Full information should be submitted with such assemblies as to the method of acquisition of each surface ownership affected by the subsurface acquisition.

(h) Payment for crops. At the time the declaration of taking assembly is prepared, it will be necessary that a determination be made as to whether the value of growing crops should be added to the value of the land improvements in determining the amount to be deposited as estimated compensation. The determination will be made as follows:

(1) If the crops have been harvested, or it is known or highly probable that the crops will be harvested by the landowner or tenant, no deposit will be made for the crops.

(2) The approved appraised value of crops will be included in the amounts to be deposited in all other cases.

(3) The letter forwarding the declaration of taking to the Chief of Engineers will state whether the value of growing crops has been included in the amount recommended for deposit, and will set forth a statement of the facts upon which the action is based.

(i) Filing and possession. Upon the filing of a complaint, accompanied by a declaration of taking, the court has the power to fix the time within which and the terms upon which the parties in possession shall be required to surrender possession to the United States (40 U.S.C. 258a). Requests for orders of possession should be made only after all requirements of Pub. L. 91–646 (84 Stat. 1894) regarding possession have been satisfied.

(1) The Division or District Engineer will ascertain from the United States Attorney the date on which the condemnation proceeding with declaration of taking is filed and the date on which possession is available. The using service of the Army and Air Force or the local representative of other agencies will be informed of the date on which possession of the land is available.

(2) The above information, together with the civil number assigned to the case, and a copy of the complaint and order of possession will be furnished to HQDA (DAEN-REA-C) WASH DC 20314 within six weeks after the date the case was forwarded by the Chief of Engineers to the Department of Justice. If this cannot be accomplished, an explanation will be furnished by such date.

(3) Where an Order of Possession is obtained but the landowner refuses to comply, it may be necessary to obtain a Writ of Assistance from the court. Prior to requesting the United States Attorney to obtain such a Writ, all pertinent facts should be reported to DAEN-REA-C.

(4) The United States Attorney should be requested to have judgment entered in accordance with the terms of any accepted Offers to Sell immediately after the filing of the case, since delay in taking such action works to the disadvantage of the Government. Any difficulty in securing prompt action by the United States Attorney in this matter should be reported to DAEN-REA-C.

(j) Amendments. (1) If at any time it becomes necessary to amend a complaint or declaration of taking previously filed, an amendment assembly will be submitted to DAEN-REA-C together with a full statement of the facts requiring the amendment. The letter of transmittal should certify that the tracts affected by the amendment have not been adjudicated.

(2) No amendment should be submitted which will result in a revestment of an interest in property, unless a stipulation for revestment has been obtained from the former owner in accordance with §644.115.

(3) If, after the filing of a declaration of taking, a substantially higher appraisal is approved for any reason, and a settlement does not appear imminent, an amendment will be submitted promptly to increase the amount of the deposit.

(k) Alternate form declaration of taking. An alternate form of Declaration of Taking has been approved by the Judicial Conference on an optional basis, and must be used where the local District Court requires. Under this form a Declaration of Taking may have up to 15 ownerships, but each ownership will be set up separately so that it may be included in a separate civil action. In other words, there may be up to 15 separate civil actions which are keyed in to one Declaration of Taking. An example of this type of Declaration is included in Figure 5–5 in ER 405–1–12. In this form, Schedule “A” will include the authority and public uses. Schedule “B” will include the description, the estimated compensation, and the estate to be acquired. Schedule “C” will be the plan showing the land to be acquired. It will be noted that there will be a separate Schedule “A”, “B”, and “C” for each ownership. The schedules may include more than one tract where the ownership is unified and is an economic unit. All of the civil actions will be keyed in to the Declaration of Taking by a Master File number. The Master File number must be used on all correspondence pertaining to tracts in this type of an assembly.

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When fee title or an interest in property has been acquired by the United States by declaration of taking in a condemnation proceeding and it is determined to be in the best interest of the Government to wholly or partially exclude said property or interests therein, or to acquire a lesser estate, such exclusion or diminution in the estate can be accomplished by stipulation with the former owner under the provisions of the Act of Congress approved October 21, 1942 (40 U.S.C. 258f).

(a) Required approval. All stipulations involving a revestment of title must be forwarded to DAEN-REA-C for approval with a full statement of the facts, related data and recommendations. Approval of the revestment action must be obtained from the appropriate using agency. Such stipulations will not be filed in the condemnation proceedings by the United States Attorney until the specific approval of the Chief of Engineers is obtained and the matter coordinated by the Chief of Engineers with the Department of Justice. It should be stressed in negotiations that final approval of the stipulation is under the judrisdiction of the Attorney General, based on the recommendation of the Chief of Engineers.

(b) Reduction of price. A stipulation for revestment should provide for a deduction from the agreed price or from the ultimate award of an amount equal to the difference between the value of the property originally taken and the value of said property after the proposed exclusion of a part thereof or acquisition of a lesser interest therein, i.e., the stipulation should be an over-all settlement of the case whenever possible. If it is impossible to reach an amicable agreement for complete settlement for the Government's acquisition of the tract, an agreement as to the area and estate, leaving final determination as to compensation with the court, may be submitted with facts showing that the proposed action is in the best interest of the Government. The stipulation should also include a release concerning any benefits under section 304, Pub. L. 91–646 (84 Stat. 1894), because of the revestment, particularly when no agreement is reached concerning compensation.

(c) Required information. A sample stipulation for revestment is contained in Figure 5–8 in ER 405–1–12 which may be adapted to fit the particular project and tract involved. In this connection, the following requirements should be observed:

(1) The stipulation will not provide for any change in the amount of the deposit unless the stipulation provides for an overall settlement of the case or the entire tract is to be excluded from the acquisition.

(2) The areas in which the Government has acquired an interest and those in which an interest will be retained after the revestment will be fully described.

(3) The estates to be retained by the Government after the revestment will be accurately described; where the owner reserves mineral or other interests or use, appropriate restriction of exploration and subordination to the paramount right of the Government to use the property for the required purpose will be included.

(4) The stipulation should include, as part of the consideration:

(i) Consent by the former owner to the Government's acquisition of the revised area and the estates therein in the event the stipulation is approved.

(ii) Withdrawal of any answer contesting the Government's right to acquire the property and any interrogatories theretofore filed.

(iii) A waiver of any and all claims by the former owner, his heirs and assigns, against the United States, the State, County and political subdivisions thereof for loss of access to the land (where applicable).

(5) The stipulation will include, as an exhibit, maps delineating the fee area in red, the easement area in blue, and the area to be revested in yellow.

(6) The letter of transmittal in connection with any revestment in Civil Works projects should include information as to whether the area in which title is to be revested has a potential for recreational use without regard to the currently established public access areas.

(d) Application. The foregoing procedure applies only to instances where a declaration of taking has been filed. Where only a complaint has been filed, the necessary revisions may be made by securing a satisfactory Offer to Sell and deeds to the United States, or by amending the complaint and filing a declaration of taking containing the revised descriptions or estates.

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Distribution of the estimated compensation deposited in the registry of the court is the responsibility of the United States District Court. However, the Division or District Engineer will assist the United States Attorney in arranging for the distribution of funds deposited with a declaration of taking in order that landowners may receive either partial or total payment as soon as possible.

(a) Distribution. Partial or total distribution may be made upon a showing to the court that the claimant is the proper person to receive the money on deposit (40 U.S.C. 258a). An examination of the title evidence by the United States Attorney, together with a physical inspection of the premises, is usually sufficient to enable the United States Attorney to ascertain the proper claimants so that he may consent to the entry of an order of distribution. Distribution may be made without prejudice to the owner's right to contest for a higher award than the sum deposited by the United States.

(b) Inspection and title evidence. As soon as a condemnation proceeding is filed, a physical inspection of the premises will be made and the United States Attorney will be furnished the following:

(1) ENG Form 798, Certificate of Inspection and Possession, or such other similar form as may be requested.

(2) ENG Form 1567, Report on Vacation of Property.

(3) Title evidence and all available curative material covering the tracts of land included in the declaration of taking.

(4) Copies of all offers to Sell, leases, relocation agreements, etc., which are pertinent to the case and would be useful in making distribution.

(c) Reservations. If the landowners are to be permitted to remove crops, timber, buildings or other improvements from land acquired in the declaration of taking (by approval of the Division or District Engineer), a stipulation for reservation of these items may be obtained at this time. The stipulation should be in a form acceptable to the United States Attorney, should specify the date on or before which the reserved items are to be removed, and should provide that if the reserved items are not removed on or before said date, the right of removal shall terminate automatically and the United States shall have a good and indefeasible title to these items without further notice. The consideration to the Government for the reservation will be in an amount not less than the appraised value of the crops, or not less than the appraised salvage value of the timber, buildings or other improvements which are reserved, and the stipulation should provide that such amount shall be deducted from the amount of the final award.

(d) Continuation of title evidence. A continuation of the existing title evidence will be obtained to include a search of the records to a date subsequent to the date of filing of the Notice of Lis Pendens, the Judgment on Declaration of Taking, or the filing of the complaint in those states where such filing constitutes notice. The additional title evidence will be furnished to the United States Attorney as soon as possible after filing of the case.

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(a) General. After filing of condemnation proceedings, the Division or District Engineer will maintain close liaison with the United States Attorneys and will render all possible assistance to the United States Attorneys in negotiating settlements, preparing cases for trial, and in conducting such trials. When the Division or District Engineer is informed that a case has been set for trial involving an unusual or novel issue of fact or law, or where the Government testimony will be $100,000 or more, he will promptly furnish this information to DAEN-REA-C. In addition, the Division or District Engineer should:

(1) In coordination with the United States Attorney, conduct discussions for settlement with landowners and other interested parties defendant. When a satisfactory agreement has been reached, an executed stipulation in a form satisfactory to the United States Attorney will be obtained. A suggested form of stipulation as to just compensation is contained in Figure 5–8 in ER 405–1–12. In this connection, the closest cooperation and collaboration must exist between representatives of the Department of the Army and the Department of Justice; no settlement negotiations should be conducted by Corps personnel without the knowledge and consent of the United States Attorney. If the property owner is unwilling to execute a stipulation until assured that the amount of the settlement will be accepted by the Government, formal execution of the stipulation may, in such instances, be delayed. However, the offer will be processed in accordance with the applicable provisions of paragraph (b) of this section.

(2) Furnish maps, photographs and other necessary exhibits for trial.

(3) Assist in preparing expert witnesses for trial.

(4) Take necessary action to assure the presence of witnesses at the trial. District personnel who qualify as expert witnesses will be made available.

(5) Be represented at the trial by an attorney thoroughly familiar with Federal court procedures, condemnation law, and the details of the project affected by the condemnation proceedings.

(b) Stipulated settlements. (1) Where the amount of the stipulation obtained in accordance with paragraph (a)(1) of this section does not exceed the high, approved appraisal prepared by an appraiser employed by, or under contract with, the Corps of Engineers, and the proposed settlement will completely dispose of the issue of compensation for all interests acquired in the tract in the proceeding, approval of the settlement will be recommended by the Division or District Engineer or the Chief of the Real Estate Division directly to the United States Attorney. The Division or District Engineer will inform DAEN-REA-C of the action taken, either by sending a copy of the letter addressed to the United States Attorney of by separate correspondence.

(2) Where the total settlement for all interests acquired in a given tract does not exceed $40,000 and the proposed settlement will completely dispose of the issue of compensation for all interests acquired in the tract in the proceeding, Division and District Engineers and the Chiefs of the Real Estate Divisions are also authorized to recommend approval of settlements directly to the United States Attorney. In leasehold condemnation cases the monetary limitation includes the full lease term and not merely the per annum rental. DAEN-REA-C will be informed of the action taken in the same manner as in paragraph (b)(1) of this section. Even though the total settlement for all interests acquired in a given tract does not exceed $40,000, the proposed settlement will be submitted to DAEN-REA-C for consideration in the following instances:

(i) If the United States Attorney and the Division or District Engineer cannot agree as to whether a particular settlement should be consummated.

(ii) If the stipulation involves a novel issue of law or question of policy which would adversely affect the disposition of other tracts in a project.

(iii) If revestment of any land or interests therein or change in estate is involved.

(3) All proposed settlements not covered by paragraphs (b) (1) and (2) of this section will be forwarded to DAEN-REA-C, together with specific recommendations of the Division and District Engineers and a full statement of the facts. Three copies of the signed stipulation will be forwarded to DAEN-REA-C with the report in those situations where the stipulation contains any unusual conditions or terms. The report should contain the following:

(i) The amount of the deposit and the amount of the proposed settlement.

(ii) The amounts and dates of all Government appraisals. Where the Department of Justice appraisal is substantially above or below the Corps of Engineers' appraisals, the Division and District reviewing appraisers should carefully examine the appraisals and ascertain whether the facts in the case and the appraisal techniques have been consistently applied, and should prepare a comparative analysis.

(iii) The appraisal valuations by the property owners, their appraisers, or other witnesses who may testify for the owners, if such can be ascertained.

(iv) A statement of the recommendation of the United States Attorney as to the proposed settlement.

(v) Such other matters as should be considered by the Chief of Engineers in determining whether the proposed settlement is satisfactory; e.g., any pattern of awards which has been established as the result of other trials concerning land at the same project, or in the same Federal judicial district, disposition of any accepted Offer to Sell, any unusual legal or factual issues involved, any unusual factors which would increase the hazard of proceeding to trial, or the anticipated effect of the settlement on remaining acquisition in the project.

(vi) Whether or not funds are available to satisfy any deficiency.

(vii) The report should contain the required information in tabulated form. For each item the statement should be short and concise; lengthy reports are not required.

(4) A copy of the report and recommendation sent to the Chief of Engineers will be immediately transmitted to the United States Attorney. If the settlement is satisfactory, the Chief of Engineers will forward a letter of approval to the Department of Justice, recommending that the stipulation be approved, filed and judgment entered thereon. A copy of the letter of approval will be sent to the Division or District Engineer. Receipt of such copy is authority to satisfy the judgment when entered, provided funds are available.

(5) If a stipulation is obtained by a United States Attorney in excess of their authority, they will forward the proposed settlement to the Department of Justice. Simultaneously, in accordance with procedures agreed upon by the Chief of Engineers and the Department of Justice, the United States Attorney will transmit copies of the transmittal letter and of the proposed stipulation to the Division or District. The Division or District Engineer will immediately forward the letter outlined in paragraph (b)(3) of this section to the Chief of Engineers.

(6) All settlements negotiated for interests acquired in condemnation proceedings will be inclusive of interest and will include all claims of any nature arising as a result of the taking of the estate recited in the complaint or declaration of taking, with the exception of benefits to which the landowner may be entitled under Pub. L. 91–646 (84 Stat. 1894). In lease-hold condemnation cases, all proposed settlements should include not only an agreement as to compensation for the period of the leasehold but also an agreement as to any and all claims arising from restoration of the premises, if known (§644.121(b)).

(7) Where surface and subsurface interests are acquired in a single condemnation proceeding, it is desirable to settle by stipulation, or to go to trial, on the “unit” basis. Many United States Attorneys insists on this course of action. However, Division or District Engineer should cooperate with United States Attorneys who wish to negotiate for stipulated settlements which may not include all of the interests acquired in a given proceeding as to a specific tract or tracts, provided appraisal reports have been prepared in such a manner as to make the appraised value of the several interests ascertainable.

(8) If an offer of settlement is not intended to include the full interest which was condemned in a particular tract, the letter transmitting the settlement offer will specifically identify the interests included in the settlement, the interests which remain unsettled, and the amount of estimated compensation remaining on deposit for the unsettled interests. The amounts remaining on deposit for the unsettled interests should be the appraised valuation of such interests.

(9) Landowners will be advised during negotiations for settlement that offers to settle are not binding on the United States until accepted by a duly authorized representative of the Department of Justice.

(10) In cases where tracts which are covered by accepted Offers to Sell are acquired by declaration of taking because of title defects or the failure of the landowner to carry out the terms of the Offer to Sell, the United States Attorney will be informed by letter and furnished copies of the Offer to Sell. The consideration contained in the Offer to Sell is considered binding upon the landowner despite the fact that condemnation is used to acquire title to the land. No settlement will be approved by the Division or District Engineer in an amount exceeding the amount contained in the Offer to Sell unless the Offer has been set aside by court order. Reports submitted in accordance with paragraph (b)(3) of this section will contain a statement as to the status of any Offer to Sell which may have been accepted.

(c) Appraisal review. Land and Natural Resources Division Directive No. 11–68, dated 22 November 1968, provides that where two or more appraisals for a particular property have a valuation spread in excess of 10 percent of the high appraisal figure, the United States Attorney should submit such appraisals to the local representative of the Corps for approval. Every effort should be taken to see that this policy is followed so that the Corps has full knowledge of the appraisal reports on which settlement negotiations or trial preparation is based. In those instances where the United States Attorney and the Division or District Engineer cannot agree as to whether an appraisal or appraiser should be used at trial or in connection with settlement negotiations, copies of all appraisals, together with the analysis of the reviewing appraiser, should be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REE) WASH DC 20314 for further consideration and possible discussion with the Department of Justice.

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(a) Approval by Division or District. Division or District Engineers and the Chiefs of the Real Estate Divisions have been authorized to approve court awards (including jury or commission awards) where such awards do not exceed the highest testimony presented at the trial by a qualified appraiser employed by the Government. In such cases, the United States Attorney will be notified that the award is approved and the Chief of Engineers will be notified of such action.

(b) Approval by Chief of Engineers. (1) If the award is in excess of the highest testimony presented at the trial by a qualified appraiser employed by the Government, or involves a matter of a doubtful or controversial nature, a report concerning the trial will be forwarded by the Division or District Engineer to DAEN-REA-C. The report should contain, but not be limited to, the following information:

(i) The amount of the verdict or award.

(ii) The appraisal valuations given in testimony by all witnesses, including any pertinent comments on the effectiveness of the witnesses, as appropriate.

(iii) A statement of the recommendations of the United States Attorney as to the acceptance of the verdict or award, if available without causing a delay in submittal of the report.

(iv) Where the trial concerned less than all interests acquired in a given tract, the report should state the precise interests adjudicated at the trial, the other interests which remain unadjudicated, the proposed disposition of the unadjudicated interests and the amount of the deposit allocated to the unadjudicated interests.

(v) Whether or not funds are available to satisfy any deficiency plus interest.

(2) Long narrative reports of the events at the trial or hearing are not necessary except in unusual cases. A brief, but complete, statement of the pertinent facts will be adequate in most cases. A form for use in connection with submission of trial reports is included in Figure 5–9 in ER 405–1–12; however, it is not intended that this form constitute the entire report. Where the case was tried by a Commission, copies of the Commissioners' Report will be submitted with each copy of the trial report. Close liaison must be maintained with the United States Attorney's Office in order that these reports will be received promptly after they are filed in the case.

(3) The report outlined above should be accompanied by the recommendation of the Division or District Engineer as to what action should be taken with respect to the Commissioner's Report, court award or jury verdict. This recommendation should include a discussion of any matters which should be considered by the Chief of Engineers in determining whether the award is satisfactory, e.g., the history of past awards at this project or in the same judicial district, the basis used by the commission in arriving at its determination of value, whether enhancement from the project or a second taking was an issue, the disposition of any accepted Offer to Sell on any tract involved in the trial, etc. (The basis of findings of value to be included in the report of a commission appointed under Rule 71A(h) was considered by the Supreme Court in United States v. Merz, 376 U.S. 192). Where the recommendation is to reject the award, specific reasons with supporting legal analysis should be given. The fact, standing alone, that an award is considered excessive is not sufficient reason upon which to base an appeal.

(4) The report and recommendation should be received by the Chief of Engineers within five working days after the Commissioners' Report has been filed or the trial concluded. In order to accomplish reporting within the prescribed time limits, District Engineers will forward reports and recommendations direct to DAEN-REA-C, with a copy to the appropriate Division Engineer. The Division Engineer will submit comments and recommendations to DAEN-REA-C within three working days after receipt of the copy of the District Engineer's report. The District must insure that our right to object is extended if the situation warrants.

(c) Payment of awards and settlements. (1) If an award or stipulated settlement requires the deposit of a deficiency, judgment will be entered by the court and thereafter transmitted to the Division or District Engineer by the Department of Justice for procurement of a check for deposit in the registry of the court in satisfaction of the final judgment.

(2) The copy of the letter from the Chief of Engineers to the Department of Justice recommending approval of an award or settlement, if required under §§644.117(b)(3) and 644.118(b), will constitute authority for payment of the deficiency, provided funds are available. If approval is not recommended by the Chief of Engineers to the Department of Justice and the judgment is submitted to the Division or District Engineer for payment, it should be forwarded to DAEN-REA-C without action. Upon receipt of a judgment where payment is authorized and funds are available, the Division or District Engineer will immediately procure and deliver the check to the United States Attorney and inform DAEN-REA-C of the action taken.

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Generally, it is not necessary to obtain a final certificate of title or title insurance policy in condemnation cases where the intermediate or continuation certificate of title is continued to a date subsequent to the date of filing of the Notice of Lis Pendens, and the liability of the title company is not limited to an amount less than 50 percent of the total consideration paid for the land by the United States.

(a) Final title opinion. After entry of final judgment, the title assembly will be examined and a final title opinion issued. The title opinion and related papers on Army and Air Force projects will be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REP) WASH DC 20314 for permanent filing.

(b) Report required to close case. When all interests in a proceeding have been disposed of by final judgment, the Division or District Engineer will so advise the Chief of Engineers in order that the case may be closed. This report should not be made until the time for appeal has expired or any pending appeals have been resolved. The report should include a copy of the final judgment or other order of the court disposing of the case, and a statement that all monies deposited in the registry of the court have been disbursed.

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Under the provisions of the River and Harbor Acts approved June 29, 1906 (33 U.S.C. 592) and August 8, 1917 (33 U.S.C. 593), and the Flood Control Acts approved March 1, 1917 (39 Stat. 950) and August 18, 1941 (33 U.S.C. 701c–2), respectively, the Secretary of the Army may cause proceedings to be instituted in the name of the United States for acquisition by condemnation of lands, easements or rights-of-way which local interests undertake to furnish free of cost to the United States. Requests for the institution of proceedings in the name of the United States will be addressed by the local parties to the Secretary of the Army and submitted to the Division or District Engineer. No land will be acquired on behalf of local interests by the filing of condemnation proceedings until local interests have furnished the Division or District Engineer with satisfactory assurances in accordance with the authorization act, and sufficient funds have been deposited with the Division or District Engineer to pay the expenses of the proceedings and any awards that may be made in the proceedings.

(a) General. The Corps of Engineers will institute condemnation proceedings on behalf of a local interest only when the local interest:

(1) Lacks authority to acquire the necessary real estate interests by eminent domain; or

(2) Cannot obtain possession by local eminent domain proceedings in time to meet the construction schedule; or

(3) Unusual circumstances exist so that acquisition by local inerests would not be in the best interest of the United States.

(b) Information to accompany assembly. Upon request of the local interests that the real estate interest be acquired by condemnation proceeding in the name of the United States, the Division or District Engineer will transmit to HQDA (DAEN-REA-C) WASH DC 20314 an appropriate condemnation assembly, prepared in accordance with §644.114, with recommendations and the following information:

(1) Citation of authorizing act.

(2) Whether valid assurances have been accepted, giving date of acceptance.

(3) That the estate or estates to be acquired conform to the requirements set forth in subpart J (to be published).

(4) Appraisal values of the interest proposed for acquisition.

(5) That sufficient funds to cover court awards and expenses of the proceedings have been deposited by local interests with the Division or District Engineer.

(6) Efforts made by local interests to acquire the real estate interests and reasons for requesting the United States to file condemnation proceedings.

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(a) Requirements for extension. The interest acquired in land by a leasehold condemnation proceeding terminates after a one-year term, unless notice to extend the term is filed in the appropriate United States District Court. In all leasehold cases, the Division or District Engineer will ascertain from the using service whether the premises included in such condemnation proceedings will be required for an additional term. This should be done sufficiently in advance of the end of the term to allow adequate time for the action necessary to extend the term. These instructions apply to civil works projects as well as military projects.

(1) The Department of the Air Force will ascertain and advise the Chief of Engineers concerning the future requirements for the land in Air Force leasehold cases. Where the Department of the Air Force has a continuing requirement for land included in condemnation leasehold cases which are not extendible, the appropriate Division and District Engineers will be informed at the earliest practicable date.

(2) Extension of the term in a leasehold condemnation case must be accomplished through the Department of Justice which, upon request of the Chief of Engineers, will issue instructions to its field representatives to prepare a notice of election to extend the term and file it in the appropriate United States District Court. The Chief of Engineers should be advised of requirements of using services for extension of leasehold condemnation cases five months prior to the time that filing notice of extension with the court is due. The majority of pending leasehold condemnation cases require that notice to extend the term be filed with the court 30 days prior to the end of the term, although a few cases require the notice of extension to be filed at least 60 days prior to the end of the term. Negative reports are required.

(3) Since the General Services Administration is the disposal agency for excess and surplus airport property, all condemnation leaseholds forming an integral part of an airport should be extended and kept in force with the concurrence of the Department of the Air Force unless and until contrary instructions are received from the General Services Administration. In the event a bombing range or other installation in which leasehold interests have been acquired by condemnation is excess or surplus, but will not be decontaminated or dedudded prior to the end of the term, the leasehold condemnation proceeding will be extended beyond that date. In reporting leasehold condemnation cases to be extended within the categories mentioned in this paragraph, full information as to the necessity for extensions in each case should be furnished DAEN-REA-C.

(4) Specific authorization for deposit of funds in condemnation leasehold cases will be issued to Division and District Engineers by the Chief of Engineers.

(b) Termination of leasehold condemnation proceedings. If the need for all or part of the land included in a leasehold condemnation proceeding should terminate prior to the expiration of the term condemned, in the case of fixed term estates, or prior to the expiration of the right to renew by filing notice of extension, the Division or District Engineer, upon notification by the using service that the land is no longer needed, shall advise DAEN-REA-C accordingly. Prompt action will be taken by the Division or District Engineer to comply with the applicable requirements of subpart I (to be published) relative to screening real property excess to one component of the Department of Defense with all other components and Federal agencies outside of the Department of Defense. Where restoration is involved, a report will be furnished DAEN-REA-C setting forth the status thereof.

(c) Report to close leasehold condemnation cases. When the term condemned has expired or all interests have been terminated and all interests have been disposed of by final judgment, the Division or District Engineer will so advise DAEN-REA-C in order that the case may be closed. Report in accordance with §644.119(b) shall be furnished and shall also include a statement that the issue of restoration has been settled.

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Source:  Sections 644.131 through 644.142 appear at 44 FR 31116, May 30, 1979, unless otherwise noted.

§ 644.131   General.

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Sections 644.131 through 644.142 outline the procedures of the Corps of Engineers for the leasing of real estate and interests therein for military and civil works purposes. They are applicable to all division and District Engineers having real estate responsibilities. To the extent practicable, these procedures will be followed by overseas commanders, in conjuction with the provisions of AR 405–10, Chapter 3. In general, these procedures also apply to the leasing of land and improvements for other Government agencies which authorize the Corps to acquire leasehold interests.

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(a) Authority to lease real property interests for the Department of the Army in the United States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands is derived from annual appropriation acts.

(b) Title 10 U.S.C. 2675 authorizes the acquisition by lease, in any foreign country, of structures and real property relating thereto that are needed for military purposes. Leases under section 2675 may not be for a period of more than five years, except that a lease under this section for military family housing facilities and real property relating thereto may be for a period of more than five years but may not be for a period of more than ten years.

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(a) The Corps is responsible for acquiring space in buildings, or land, or both land and buildings, under its own authority or through the General Services Administration (GSA) in designated urban centers, for the Departments of the Army and Air Force; Department of the Navy, including the Marine Corps, for recruiting and main stations; Department of Energy and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, excluding space in GSA urban centers; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, as requested; and other agencies, such as the Department of Defense, upon request. In carrying out these responsibilities, Division and District Engineers will:

(1) Furnish staff supervision to using services on all leasing matters, as well as technical assistance and guidance.

(2) Develop plans and studies, usually in the form of Lease Planning Reports, for commanders of using services when appropriate.

(3) Make recommendations to the using services and/or the Chief of Engineers on important lease and lease planning matters.

(4) Report controversial or unusual leasing matters to HQDA (DAEN-REA-L) WASH DC 20314 by the submission of a summary of the facts, copies or proposed lease documents, and other data, together with recommendations thereon.

(b) In accordance with Reoganization Plan No. 18 of 1950 (40 U.S.C. 304c) and under the provisions of the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 (40 U.S.C. 471), the Public Buildings Service of GSA assumed all functions with respect to the acquisition by lease of general-purpose space; the assignment and reassignment of such leased space and of Government-owned space; and the operation, maintenance, and custody thereof in selected urban centers. The Administrator, GSA, is authorized to assign and reassign office space in the United States upon his determination that such assignments or reassignments are advantageous to the Government in terms of economy, efficiency, or national security after consulting with the heads of the executive agencies concerned.

(c) Reorganization Plan No. 18 also provided that the Administrator may delegate any function transferred to him to the head of any agency of the executive branch of the Government.

(d) Reorganization Plan No. 18 did not transfer to the Administrator any function with respect to:

(1) Buildings or space in buildings located on a military installation, or similar facility of the Department of Defense unless a permit for its use shall have been issued by the Secretary of Defense, or his duly authorized representative; or

(2) Space in Government-owned or leased buildings utilized for special purposes and not generally suitable for use by other agencies.

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(a) General-purpose space is space in buildings, including land incidental thereto, suitable for the general use of Government agencies, including but not limited to office space, general storage space, inside parking space, and warehouse space.

(b) Special-purpose space is space in buildings, including land incidental thereto, wholly or predominantly utilized for the special purposes of an agency, and not generally suitable for general-purpose use, including but not limited to hospitals, housing, and laboratories.

(c) Initial alterations are any improvements, additions, repairs or structural changes which are necessary to adapt leased premises or facilities to needs of the using service and which are approved prior to occupancy.

(d) Subsequent alterations or upgrades are any improvements, additions, repairs or structural changes which are found to be necessary to further adapt leased property to the needs of the using service after occupancy.

(e) Temporary improvements are those which can be removed without damage either to the property installed or the leased property, and to which the Government retains title.

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(a) Title 10 Reports. Under the provisions of 10 U.S.C. 2662, a lease proposal or renewal with an estimated annual rental in excess of $50,000 (gross rent as recited in the lease or for each project covered by one or more leases) must be reported to the Armed Services Committees of Congress. The General Services Administration (GSA) charges a Standard Level User Charge (SLUC) for furnishing space. For title 10 reporting purposes, where GSA leases space at Corps request, the SLUC figure, if greater than the gross contract rental figure, shall control. For all leases which require title 10 clearance, the Division/District Engineers will prepare and submit an Acquisition Report to HODA (DAEN-REA-L), WASH DC 20314 in the format shown in Figure 5–10 in ER 405–1–12. The report will support an action to obtain approvals from the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Installations, Logistics and Financial Management) and the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Installations and Housing) for the proposed lease prior to its submission to the Committees, and will serve as a basis for a hearing before the Real Estate Subcommittee of the House Armed Services Committee. Draft acquisition report pursuant to title 10 for a lease renewal should be submitted at least 12 months in advance of the termination date of the lease. An explanation for any delay in forwarding the draft acquisition report is required in the transmittal letter if lease terminates prior to one year. Supporting data for this report will include the following:

(1) The geographical area in which the availability of Government-owned space was surveyed, together with reasons for limiting the area. The mission is to be set forth in detail, along with the reason(s) why space in this particular geographical area is essential to the performance of the mission.

(2) Current and required space (including parking) for each using service. For GSA leases the square feet should be the same as reported on the SLUC. Corrected square feet may be reported if a letter of concurrence from the appropriate GSA Region is provided.

(3) Statement covering all Government-owned buildings and facilities under the control of the military departments in that area, together with the reasons why each was rejected. Even though no space is available, a list of the installations in the area will be furnished.

(4) Statement from (GSA) indicating that no space is available to that agency and other Federal agencies in the area or, in the alternative, a list of space that is available, together with reasons why the space is not acceptable to the using service.

(5) Identification of the headquarters and personnel making the determination that any available Government-owned space is not suitable.

(6) Original request, signed by the responsible head of the using agency that action be taken to obtain required clearances under 10 U.S.C. 2662. The using service shall advise whether or not a long-range use is contemplated.

(7) A statement of the current and anticipated contract rentals and current and anticipated SLUC for GSA leases. The SLUC should be as reported by GSA, unless an explanation is provided.

(b) The Economy Act. Section 322 of the Act of Congress approved 30 June 1932, as amended (40 U.S.C. 278a) provides that no appropriation shall be obligated or expended for the rent of any building or part of a building to be occupied for Government purposes at a rental in excess of the per annum rate of 15 percent of the fair market value of the rented premises at date of the lease under which the premises are to be occupied by the Government, nor for alterations, improvements, and/or repairs of the rented premises in excess of 25 percent of the amount of the rent for the first year of the rental term, or for the entire rental if the full term is less than one year. The provisions of section 322, as applicable to rentals, shall apply only where the rental to be paid shall exceed $2,000 per annum.

(c) Exception to Economy Act. The Act of Congress approved 28 April 1942 (40 U.S.C. 278b) provides that 40 U.S.C. 278a shall not apply during war or a national emergency declared by Congress or by the President to such leases or renewals of existing leases of privately-owned or publicly-owned property as are certified by the Secretary of the Army or the Secretary of the Navy or by such person or persons as he may designate, as covering premises for military or civilian purposes necessary for the prosecution of the war or vital in the national emergency. The provisions of the National Emergencies Act, Pub. L. 94–412 (90 Stat. 1255), 14 September 1976, shall not apply to the powers and authorities conferred by 40 U.S.C. 278b and actions taken thereunder.

(d) Federal Property and Administrative Services Act. The Administrator, GSA is authorized by 40 U.S.C. 490a(8) to alter and improve rented premises without regard to the 25 percent limitation of 40 U.S.C. 278a upon a determination by the Administrator that the alterations and improvements are advantageous to the Government in terms of economy, efficiency, or national security, and that the total cost of the proposed work to the Government for the expected life of the lease shall be less than the cost of alternative space which needs no such improvements.

(e) Certificates of Necessity. Department of the Army requests for Certificates of Necessity pursuant to 40 U.S.C. 278b will be forwarded to the Assistant Secretary of the Army through DAEN-REA-L. In any case requiring the issuance of a Certificate of Necessity, the amount requested will be sufficient to provide for all improvements which can be foreseen and that will be required during the term of the lease. Should unforeseen, essential requirements arise at a later date, an additional Certificate of Necessity to cover such work will be necessary. It is required that the using service furnish Division or District Engineers with a request for a Certificate of Necessity, explaining the circumstances, followed by a statement that the continued use of the leased premises, or the work to be performed, as the case may be, is vital in the national emergency. All requests by Division and District Engineers will include a completed ENG Form 869–R, 15 percent Valuation Certificate.

(f) Approval—Chief of Engineers. (1) The Chief of Engineers is authorized to approve leases where proposed temporary construction to be placed on land by the Government has an estimated cost equal to or in excess of the current market value of the property, or where the estimated rentals to be paid in the future, plus the cost of restoration, would exceed 50 percent of the current market value of the property.

(2) Leases, renewals, or lease extensions, which are controversial, unusual, or inconsistent with existing policies, require the approval of the Chief of Engineers.

(3) Any lease involving clearances by higher authority will be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA-L) WASH DC 20314.

(4) Leases, renewals, or lease extensions of industrial properties, other than for bakeries, laundries, and drycleaning facilities, are to be submitted to DEAN-REA-L for prior approval.

(5) Division and District Engineers, and Chiefs of the Real Estate Divisions, are authorized to perform emergency maintenance and repairs to leased premises not in excess of $500 where lessors refuse to perform, or under such circumstances that the lessor cannot perform. Where the cost exceeds $500, approval by DAEN-REA-L is required. The Comptroller General has ruled that where the lessor is obligated to perform maintenance and repairs under the terms of the lease and after demand of and refusal by the lessor, the Government makes such repairs in order to utilize the property to the fullest extent, the cost should be withheld from rental payments under the lease as soon as possible after work is completed (15 Comp. Gen. 1064). However, no rental payments will be withheld and no repairs made after demand and a refusal by the lessor, without prior approval of DAEN-REA-L.

(g) Division and District Engineer Authorization. (1) Division Engineers and their Chiefs of the Real Estate Division have been delegated, without authority to redelegate, leasing authority to approve leases where the annual rent, excluding services and utilities, unless said services and utilities are included in the recited rental consideration, is in excess of $25,000, but not in excess of $50,000. The $50,000 limitation will be strictly observed because of the reporting requirements under the provisions of 10 U.S.C. 2662.

(2) District Engineers and their Chiefs of the Real Estate Divisions are authorized to approve leases wherein the rental excluding utilities and services, unless included in the recited rental consideration, does not exceed $25,000 per annum.

(3) Except for space in the National Capital Region, Division and District Engineers are authorized to process all requests for the assignment of space in Government-owned buildings or leased space in the GSA urban centers to the regional GSA office having jurisdiction.

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Division and District Engineers, and the Chiefs of the Real Estate Divisions, are authorized to execute leases, or renewals of leases, negotiated in accordance with the procedures expressed herein, upon receipt of a proper request from an authorized command, service, or agency, subject to any required approvals or clearances. When there is no Real Estate Division, as such, but the Division or District Engineer has responsibility for leasing activities, he may delegate this authority to the officer or civilian in charge or real estate activities.

(a) Leasing requests. Requests for space or land will be received by the Chief of Engineers, or the appropriate Division or District Engineer. Requests will include the data outlined in AR 405–10 (para 2–2c). Division and District Engineers will coordinate space or land requirements with appropriate commanders to assure responsive lease processing. If required, a Lease Planning Report, or narrative report covering essential information, will be furnished the using service for review and recommendations. Funding requirements, usually in the form of fund citations, will have been met by the using service prior to lease execution. If approvals by higher authority are required, the Division or District Engineer will initiate appropriate action to obtain the necessary clearances.

(1) Army Commands. Upon receipt of a request from an Army Command, negotiations for obtaining acceptable leases will be carried to completion in accordance with present procedures for military leases.

(2) Air Force. Upon receipt of a lease request approved by Headquarters, U.S. Air Force, or an Air Force major command, the appropriate Division or District Engineer will negotiate and lease the required property. The provisions of AFR 87–1 prescribe the Department of the Air Force policies and procedures that are to be followed.

(3) National Guard. All requests for the leasing of facilities for National Guard purposes will emanate from the Chief, National Guard Bureau. Army National Guard leasing requirements will be transmitted through DAEN-REZ-R to DAEN-REA-L. Air National Guard requirements will be transmitted to DAEN-REA-L through Headquarters, U.S. Air Force.

(i) Upon receipt of authority from the Chief of Engineers, negotiations will be conducted for obtaining an acceptable lease, in accordance with the approved lease request. The appropriate United States Property and Fiscal Officer generally makes separate service contracts for utilities, except sewage disposal, and services, and is responsible for the maintenance of all buildings used exclusively by the Air National Guard. Representatives of the Corps of Engineers do not participate in obtaining contracts for utilities and services. In cases where such a contract is impracticable, the lease may include any and all utilities and services as part of the rental consideration, with the cost of the various services and utilities to be itemized. The “use clause” in the lease will provide for occupancy of the premises for “Government purposes”. The wording, “For use by the Air National Guard and/or United States Air Force, and, in time of war or national emergency, by other units of the Armed Forces of the United States or for any other use by the Federal Goverment,” will be acceptable if it is not possible to insert the for “Government purposes” provision.

(ii) Leases made by representatives of a State with private parties for use of premises by the National Guard of the State involved, under which State funds are used for rental payments, are not the responsibility of the Division or District Engineer.

(4) Department of Energy/Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Space is acquired by these agencies direct from GSA in the designated urban centers pursuant to Reorganization Plan No. 18. In instances where general purpose space is not obtained through GSA and instances involving the leasing of special-purpose space, managers of field offices of subject agencies are authorized to initiate requests to Division or District Engineers for the leasing of properties where the net per annum rental does not exceed $50,000. Leasing of properties where the net rental per annum exceeds $50,000 requires the prior approval of the appropriate agency head, i.e., the Secretary of Energy, the Chairman of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, or their designees.

(5) Metropolitan Washington, DC. All requests for leased space in the National Capital Region will be processed in accordance with DOD Instruction 5305.5.

(b) Requirements survey. The availability, use, and adaptability of property owned by the Government, whether under control of the GSA or other agencies, shall be thoroughly explored before additional space is leased, or existing leases are renewed, or construction commenced. Particular attention is to be given to the availability of space, or land, at military reservations, camps, posts, or stations.

(1) A statement covering the non-availability of Government-owned space, or if such is available and not suitable, reasons why it is not suitable, for occupancy by the requesting using service, should be made for each lease executed by the Corps of Engineers, excluding family housing leases.

(2) Suitable privately-owned space shall be acquired only when satisfactory Government-owned space is not available. Rental charges will be consistent with prevailing rates in the community for comparable facilities.

(3) The quality of office space for Government occupancy shall be appropriate for the efficient and economical performance of required operations, affording employees safe, healthful and convenient facilities.

(4) Full consideration shall be given to the efficient performance of the mission and programs of the using service.

(c) Government-owned and General Services Administration furnished space. If Government-owned space is available, the Division or District Engineer will inform the using agency, and details of occupancy will be developed. If it is necessary for GSA to lease space, the Division or District Engineer will make a careful review to determine if there are any statutory or regulatory limitations involved. If so, appropriate action will be taken to satisfy the limitations. During the processing of all GSA space assignments and leases, the Division or District Engineer is the only official contact representative with GSA. This procedure is to be emphasized at all time with the using service.

(1) The Division of District Engineer will submit a Standard Form 81, Request for Space, to the appropriate GSA Regional Office for space assignment in urban centers under the jurisdiction of GSA. The requirement to this form applies to lease renewals or lease supplements, and for space assignments in Federal office buildings. Excluded from this procedure is a proposed space assignment in the National Capitol Region.

(2) Except for the acquisition of general-purpose space of 2,500 square feet or less, outside the designated urban centers, and special-purpose space of 2,500 square feet or less, irrespective of the location, the need for any type of building space will be made kown to the appropriate GSA Regional Office by filing Standard Form 81, Request for Space.

(3) The designated urban centers are listed in Figure 5–11 in ER 405–1–12.

(d) Advertising. As a general rule, procurement of space will be by formal advertising. However, in leasing certain types of premises where only one location will serve the Government's purpose, such as municipal airports, recruiting stations, and similar facilities, negotiations without advertising are permissible. In instances where building space is needed and the requirement cannot be met through the use of existing buildings, there must be advertising to solicit bids for the furnishing of the space. In every instance, it is essential that efforts be made to seek competition. For each lease, a statement will be prepared concerning competition in the solicitation for space or land and Standard Form 1036, Statement and Certificate of Award, will be used. Where specific space or land is needed, and competition is therefore not involved, the facts and circumstances will be fully explained and such explanation will be made a part of the lease file for future reference.

(e) Appraisals. Appraisals are required as a basis for making rental determinations in all leases except those for a nominal consideration. At the discretion of the Division and District Engineers, and the Chiefs of the Real Estate Divisions, formal or detailed appraisals can be dispensed with for leases wherein the annual rent does not exceed $5,000. Where the rental of a building or part of a building, or family housing unit, exceeds $3,600 per annum, excluding services and utilities, it may be necessary to estimate the fee value of the property contemplated for leasing to determine whether or not the rental rate is in excess of 15 percent of the fee value of the property. For family housing leases, the opinion of fee value will be in short summary form and will be supported by general evidence of comparable values of the unit to be leased. If the proposed annual rental, excluding services and utilities, of a family housing unit exceeds 15 percent of the estimated fee value, the unit will not be leased.

(f) Determination of valid interest. Persons executing leases for and on behalf of the United States of America will satisfy themselves, before executing leases, that the prospective lessors have an interest in the real estate which will assure the validity of the lease. Where leased lands are used as a site for contruction, the land records of the county will be examined by a staff attorney familiar with land title records, who will execute a certificate that he has examined the said records and that title is vested in the lessor, subject to the infirmities, liens and encumbrances noted in the certificate. In lieu of such examination, a certificate from the Register of Deeds, County Recorder or other qualified officer is acceptable. If considered advisable in unusual cases, title evidence may be obtained from commercial sources.

(g) Outstanding rights and damages. (1) Where the land is subject to outstanding oil, gas, mineral, or similar interests, the Division or District Engineer will determine, from the appropriate command, in advance of the consummation of the lease, whether the continued exercise of the mineral or outstanding rights will interfere with the contemplated use of the premises.

(2) Where buildings, structures, or growing crops are located on land to be leased, a determination will be made by the Division or District Engineer, in coordination with the appropriate command, as to whether they will interfere with the use of the premises.

(3) Where the lessor will not be permitted to harvest crops or remove improvements and timber which will be destroyed by the Government, the appraised value thereof will be determined, and such amount will be included in the rental for the initial term of the lease, together with an express provision relieving the Government of restoration.

(4) Leases of land for bombing, artillery, rifle ranges, and other extraordinary usage will specify that the leased premises are to be used for such purpose, and an effort will be made to include in the lease a provision waiving restoration and claims for damages, particularly where the premises are wastelands or unproductive.

(5) Where the lessor will not consent to a waiver of restoration, the estimated value of such damage, if it can be determined in advance, will be included in the rental for the initial term of the lease, and the lease will contain an express provision relieving the Government from responsibility for restoration.

(6) If restoration is not waived, and the damages cannot be determined in advance, a provision may be included in the lease to the effect that the rental payments do not include compensation for damages arising from the use of the premises for the purpose leased and that, upon termination of the lease, the damages, mutually determined, will be paid by supplemental agreement to the lease. In event the amount of the loss or damage cannot be mutually determined, the lessor may file a claim for the alleged loss or damage in accordance with subpart H.

(h) Services and utilities. Services, such as janitorial, heat, air conditioning, light and water, should be included in leases for building space wherever possible. Whether services are paid for as part of the rent or by a service contract, the time period for furnishing heat, air conditioning and light, i.e., usual business hours, 24-hour basis, Saturdays and Sundays, should be clearly stated.

(i) Other contracts. The negotiation and execution of contracts not involving an interest in real estate are the responsibility of the services concerned.

(j) Condition surveys. (1) Whenever possession of any premises is acquired by lease or other agreement, or by condemnation for a term of years, the Division or District Engineer will cause a survey and inspection of the condition of the real and personal property to be made as of the time the Government takes possession.

(2) The survey and inspection required above will be made jointly with the lessor or his duly authorized representative. The report will be signed by both parties.

(3) The initial survey report must be made with great care since it is the basis for future restoration claims by a lessor. The use of photographs is encouraged. Full explanatory data covering condition of the premises will be added to the report if, in the opinion of the Chief, Real Estate Division, a useful purpose will be served thereby. The survey report of real property, and the inventory and condition report of personal property, will be made with care, as the condition reflected as of the date of initial occupancy will be compared with the condition shown by the terminal reports made upon vacation of premises.

(4) A survey is not required of unimproved land where an appraisal has been made and the condition of the land is set forth by the appraiser and made a part of the record.

(5) A survey will be made wherever property of another Federal agency is used, with the exception of post offices and Federal buildings. In the event privately-owned buildings, crops, or other property, are on the Federal property, a report will be made outlining the terms and conditions under which they were placed thereon, and the value thereof will be appraised as of the date of possession.

(6) Normally, ENG Forms 3143 and 3143A, Joint Survey and Inspection of Condition of Government Leased Property, are adequate for the joint survey and inspection. In certain cases, narrative reports may, at the discretion of the Division or District Engineer, be considered preferable; however, local forms will not be developed for this purpose.

(k) Possession. Possession of real property will not be taken until required approvals and clearances are obtained and a lease is executed. When requested by an appropriate command, rights-of-entry for exploration and survey, or construction, will be obtained in accordance with instructions in §§644.155 through 644.157.

(l) Condemnation of leaseholds. Where the required leasehold interest cannot be acquired by a negotiated lease, the recommendation of the Division or District Engineer for the institution of condemnation proceedings will be submitted to HQDA (DAEN-REA-C) WASH DC 20314, in accordance with §644.121, setting forth the negotiations that have been conducted with the property owner(s) and all other factors supporting the recommendation.

(m) Decease of lessor. (1) Any claim on account of death of a lessor (except uncurrent depository check claims) may be settled without submission to the Chief of Engineers where no doubt exists as to the amount and validity of the claim or as to whom payment may be made under the laws of the domicile of the decedent.

(2) Any claim for rent or services due a deceased lessor which is considered doubtful will be forwarded to HQDA (DAEN-REM) WASH DC 20314 in accordance with subpart H.

(n) Recording leases. If the property is located in a State requiring the recording of leases, all statutory requirements will be met. Leases, and supplemental agreements prior to termination, involving property upon which substantial Government improvements are to be constructed, will be recorded in all cases.

(o) Change in ownership. (1) When the title to premises leased to the Government is transferred, the contracting officer shall satisfy himself that the new owner has a valid interest in the premises covered by the lease, and thereafter enter into a supplemental agreement between the old and new owners and the Government, for distribution in the same manner as the original lease.

(2) Upon being notified or otherwise determining that a foreclosure proceeding has been filed against the leased premises, or that the enforcement of a deed of trust or mortgage is imminent, the Division or District Engineer will take such action as is appropriate under State laws for protection of the United States. This would consist of filing by the United States Attorney with the court, or with the trustee, receiver, or commissioner, as the case might be under local law, of a notice of the Government's lease on the property, with request that the foreclosure proceedings be made subject thereto. If the proceeding is made subject to the lease, an abstract of such proceeding will be made, certified by a staff attorney, and distributed in the same manner as the original lease. If considered advisable, a supplemental agreement to the old lease will be made with the new owner; or a superseding lease may be executed and distributed. If the proceeding results in vesting title in a new owner, free and clear of the Government's lease, attempt will be made to negotiate a new lease; if this fails, condemnation action will be taken sufficiently early to protect the interests of the United States. Negotiation and condemnation in this latter type of situation must be based on a current appraisal.

(p) Supplemental agreements. Modification of existing leases will be in the form of supplemental agreements and will be prepared, executed, and distributed in the manner prescribed for the original lease. Where a supplemental agreement provides for an increase in space at an increased rental, the supplemental agreement should contain appropriate recitals of this fact, and provide that the Government, thereafter, may, upon 30 days notice, partially reduce, or discontinue, the use of the space covered by either the supplemental agreement, the basic lease, or both. Supplemental agreements enlarging or reducing space will show the total area and rental comprising the basic lease and preceding supplemental agreements.

(q) Annual review of leases. Annual review of leasing requirements and space assignments from GSA are to be initiated by the Division or District Engineer not later than one year before the end of the lease term for each lease.

(1) Special attention will be given by Division and District Engineers to leases which expire by their own terms and continued occupancy is required at annual rentals of $50,000 or more. These leases require approval by the Department of Defense and reporting to the Armed Services Committees of the Congress by the Chief of Engineers. An Acquisition Report together with full justification, as set forth in §644.135(a), in support of each lease (or project covered by more than one lease) must be furnished. For leases in which it is not clear whether Title 10 reporting is required, DAEN-REA-L will be informed of the facts for decision. Attention will be given also to existing leases having annual rentals between $30,000 and $50,000. It is probable that current appraisals will indicate annual rental rates in excess of $50,000 and, therefore, require a title 10 report.

(2) If the using command anticipates that there will be further need for the leased property, and the total estimated rentals to be paid by the Government, excluding utilities and services, for the additional period, plus the cost of restoration, will exceed, 50 percent of the estimated current market value of the property, DAEN-REA-L will be informed of all details in order that the review required by paragraph 1–8, AR 405–10, may be made. Only estimated future rent payment is to be considered and not the rental paid in the past for the property. In applying this formula, if the period of future use cannot be ascertained but it is likely that a property will be used for a long period of time, use a period of five years for calculations.

(r) Lease renewals and extensions. (1) Lease entered into under authority of the annual appropriation acts may include a provision for automatic renewal after expiration of the initial term subject to the availability of appropriated funds. However, if the property is still needed after lease expiration, a new lease is required and the old lease will not be extended by supplemental agreement for the new term. Where the lease requires notice in writing to be given to the lessor to exercise the option of renewal, notice will be served by the use of ENG Form 221, Notice of Renewal of Contract or Lease, in accordance with the terms of the lease. The notice, properly addressed, will be sent by certified mail, with return receipt requested. Adequate time, in addition to the number of days specified in the lease, will be allowed for delivery to, and receipt by, the lessor. The Division or District Engineer will maintain adequate records to assure prompt service of notice to avoid the lapse of leases.

(2) No lease will be renewed or kept in existence unless it has been administratively determined, through advertising or otherwise, that other suitable property at a lower rental is not obtainable. At all times, and in particular during the lease renewal review period, the Division or District Engineer will take cognizance of the availability of property in the area of the using service that is Government-owned, or property under GSA control.

(s) Payment of rents. (1) One of the most important factors involving good relationships between the Government and the lessor is the prompt payment of the rent. Under existing regulations, the rent is paid by the using commands. The Division or District Engineer makes rental payments for leases when the Corps is the using service and for recruiting facilities, since the Chief of Engineers is the Department of Defense Executive Agent for recruiting facilities acquisition. It is therefore appropriate for the Division or District Engineer to inquire periodically of the using commands whether delays in processing payments are encountered. If payments are not being made within seven working days after payment is due, appropriate action will be taken to correct the delay; if no action is taken after a reasonable time allowed for correction of procedures, DAEN-REA-L will be informed fully of the facts and an investigation will be conducted.

(2) Prior to payment, the Division or District Engineer, or his designee, will certify for submission to the Disbursing Officer that the leased property was occupied or available for use. The following certification, contained on Standard Form 1166, Voucher and Schedule for Payments, is used:

I hereby certify that the leases identified hereon were in effect for the month (or other period) indicated, and that the space was occupied, or available for use, by the Department of the Army.

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Joint training exercises or maneuvers are conducted by elements of the Department of Defense. Land use requirements vary with the exercise objectives and the force elements which participate. The Corps participates in the planning and acquires rights to use land and other facilities for Department of the Army exercises. The current Memorandum of Understanding by Department of the Army, United States Readiness Command (USCINCRED), and United States Army Forces, Readiness Command (USCINCARRED) on acquisition of maneuver rights for United States Readiness Command (USREDCOM) Joint Training exercises is included as Figure 5–13 in ER 405–1–12. This Memorandum covers timing of requests for preliminary surveys, real estate studies, funding and acquisition of maneuver rights. The Corps also responds to requests from other Department of Defense commands for maneuver rights, and the same procedure is envisioned although no Memoranda of Understanding have been entered into. Upon receipt of a request for real estate services, an estimate of the funds required for the report should be forwarded to the using command.

(a) Procedures. The appropriate Division or District Engineer will be responsible for negotiating maneuver agreements and short-term leases and, after the maneuver is completed, will be responsible for negotiating restoration settlements and/or releases, as appropriate. Real estate acquisition will be in the form of agreements with landowners, granting the right to conduct maneuvers at a given time, or periodically. Short-term leases for exclusive use may also be acquired for special areas (such as headquarters areas, radio relay sites, base camp sites, field hospital sites and supply dumps), and buildings needed for warehouses, ordnance shops and similar purposes directly related to the maneuver. Permits will be obtained to cover the use of lands under the jurisdiction of another Government department or agency.

(b) Claims and restoration. Notwithstanding the assignment o