US Laws, Codes, Statutes & Cases

Chapter 30 — Actions and Suits in Particular Cases

 

2007 EDITION

 

ACTIONS AND SUITS IN PARTICULAR CASES

 

SPECIAL ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS

 

ACTIONS FOR INJURY OR DEATH

 

30.010       Who may maintain action for injury or death of child

 

30.020       Action for wrongful death; when commenced; damages

 

30.030       Distribution of damages

 

30.040       Apportionment among dependents upon settlement

 

30.050       Apportionment among dependents after judgment

 

30.060       Appeal from order of distribution or apportionment

 

30.070       Settlement; discharge of claim

 

30.075       Procedure upon death of injured person

 

30.080       Effect of death of wrongdoer

 

30.090       Appointment of administrator of estate of wrongdoer

 

30.100       Substitution of personal representative as party defendant

 

ACTIONS BY GUEST PASSENGERS

 

30.115       Aircraft and watercraft guest passengers; definitions

 

30.130       Public carriers by aircraft and prospective aircraft purchasers

 

LIABILITY OF CERTAIN PERSONS PROVIDING MOTOR VEHICLES

 

30.135       Liability of certain persons that lend, rent, donate use of, make available for test drive or otherwise provide motor vehicle

 

ACTIONS ON CERTAIN CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENTS

 

30.140       Certain indemnification provisions in construction agreement void

 

ACTIONS AGAINST FORMER EMPLOYER FOR DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION

 

30.178       Liability of employer for disclosing information about employee to new employer; no action based on compelled self-publication

 

ACTIONS ARISING OUT OF THE PROVISION OF UTILITY SERVICES

 

30.180       Definitions for ORS 30.180 to 30.186

 

30.182       Civil action for taking of or tampering with utility services

 

30.184       Amount recoverable; attorney fees

 

30.186       Remedies not exclusive

 

ACTIONS ARISING OUT OF THE PROVISION OF CABLE SERVICES

 

30.192       Definitions for ORS 30.192 to 30.196

 

30.194       Prohibitions relating to cable services

 

30.195       Civil action for violation of prohibitions relating to cable services

 

30.196       Amount recoverable; attorney fees

 

ACTIONS FOR INTIMIDATION

 

30.198       Civil action for intimidation; remedies; attorney fees; liability of parents

 

30.200       Action by district attorney; effect on others

 

ACTIONS ON OFFICIAL BONDS

 

30.210       To whom official bonds are security

 

30.220       Parties

 

30.230       Leave to begin action

 

30.240       Subsequent delinquencies on same bond

 

30.250       Amount of judgment

 

TORT ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC BODIES

 

(Generally)

 

30.260       Definitions for ORS 30.260 to 30.300

 

30.261       Limitation on applicability of ORS 30.260 to 30.300 to certain private, nonprofit organizations

 

30.262       Certain nonprofit facilities and homes public bodies for purposes of ORS 30.260 to 30.300

 

30.264       Liability insurance for students involved in off-campus experiential activities; coverage under ORS 30.260 to 30.300

 

30.265       Scope of liability of public body, officers, employees and agents; liability in nuclear incident

 

30.267       Liability for certain medical treatment at Oregon Health and Science University facilities

 

30.268       Liability for certain medical treatment at facilities other than Oregon Health and Science University

 

30.270       Amount of liability

 

30.275       Notice of claim; time of notice; time of action

 

30.278       Reporting notice of claim of professional negligence to licensing board

 

30.282       Local public body insurance; self-insurance program; action against program

 

30.285       Public body shall indemnify public officers; procedure for requesting counsel; extent of duty of state; obligation for judgment and attorney fees

 

30.287       Counsel for public officer; when public funds not to be paid in settlement; effect on liability limit; defense by insurer

 

30.290       Settlement of claims by local public body

 

30.295       Payment of judgment or settlement; remedies for nonpayment; tax levy for payment; installment payments

 

30.297       Liability of certain state agencies for damages caused by foster child or youth offender; conditions; exceptions

 

30.298       Liability of certain state agencies to foster parents for injury or damage caused by foster child or youth offender; conditions; limitations

 

30.300       ORS 30.260 to 30.300 exclusive

 

(Certain Retired Physicians)

 

30.302       Certain retired physicians to be considered agents of public bodies

 

ACTIONS AND SUITS BY AND AGAINST GOVERNMENTAL UNITS AND OFFICIALS

 

30.310       Actions and suits by governmental units

 

30.312       Actions by governmental units under federal antitrust laws

 

30.315       Proceedings by cities and counties to enforce ordinances and resolutions

 

30.320       Contract and other actions and suits against governmental units

 

30.330       Contracts of Department of Transportation providing for arbitration

 

30.340       Title of proceedings by or against county; control of proceedings by county court

 

30.360       Governmental unit as defendant in actions involving liens on realty

 

30.370       Service of summons on Attorney General; content

 

30.380       Action by assignee of claim for money illegally charged or exacted

 

30.390       Satisfaction of judgment against public corporation

 

30.395       Settlement of certain claims against municipal corporations; manner of payment

 

30.400       Actions by and against public officers in official capacity

 

INJUNCTIONS BY PUBLIC SERVANT OR PUBLIC SERVANT’S EMPLOYER

 

30.405       Injunction for criminal conduct related to employment or status of public servant

 

30.407       Request for hearing following issuance of order under ORS 30.405

 

RECOVERY OF FINES AND FORFEITURES

 

30.410       In whose name action brought

 

30.420       Venue of action for forfeiture

 

30.430       Amount of penalty

 

30.440       Judgment by collusion not a bar

 

30.450       Disposition of fines and forfeitures

 

30.460       Payment of fines or costs in proceeding to enforce county ordinance or resolution; defendant personally liable

 

VOLUNTEERS TRANSPORTING OLDER PERSONS AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

 

30.475       Legislative policy

 

30.480       Limitation on liability of volunteers; conditions

 

30.485       Apportionment of damages; insurance issues excluded from jury consideration

 

VOLUNTEERS PROVIDING ASSISTANCE OR ADVICE IN RESPONSE TO DISCHARGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR RELATING TO COMPLIANCE WITH DISPOSAL LAWS

 

30.490       Definitions for ORS 30.490 to 30.497

 

30.492       Limitation on liability of volunteer providing assistance or advice related to mitigation or cleanup of discharge of hazardous material

 

30.495       Exceptions to limitation

 

30.497       When limitation on liability not applicable

 

30.500       Definitions for ORS 30.500 and 30.505

 

30.505       Limitation on liability of volunteer providing assistance relating to compliance with hazardous waste disposal laws; exceptions

 

ACTIONS FOR USURPATION OF OFFICE OR FRANCHISE; TO ANNUL CORPORATE EXISTENCE; TO ANNUL LETTERS PATENT

 

30.510       Action for usurpation of office or franchise, forfeiture of office or failure to incorporate

 

30.520       Joinder of defendants

 

30.530       Determining right of person claiming an office or franchise

 

30.540       Rights of person adjudged entitled to office or franchise

 

30.550       Action for damages

 

30.560       Judgment against usurper; imposition of fine

 

30.570       Action to annul corporate existence on direction of Governor

 

30.580       Action to annul corporate existence on leave of court

 

30.590       Judgment against corporation

 

30.600       Action to annul letters patent

 

30.610       Prosecutor; verification of pleadings; affidavit for leave of court; relator as coplaintiff

 

30.620       Duty of district attorney

 

30.630       Filing copy of judgment with Secretary of State

 

30.640       Enforcement of judgment

 

ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC BODY BY INMATES

 

30.642       Definitions for ORS 30.642 to 30.650

 

30.643       Waiver or deferral of fees and costs in action against public body by inmate

 

30.645       Waiver or deferral of fees after three dismissals of action

 

30.646       Payment of costs under judgment against inmate

 

30.647       Dismissal of inmate action during proceedings

 

30.650       Award of noneconomic damages in inmate action

 

ACTIONS BASED ON COMPUTER DATE FAILURE

 

30.655       Definitions for ORS 30.655 to 30.665

 

30.656       Action for computer date failure

 

30.658       Opportunity to cure

 

30.660       Affirmative defense; notice and repair

 

30.661       Affirmative defense; reliance

 

30.662       Affirmative defense; compliance testing

 

30.664       Punitive damages

 

30.665       Applicability

 

ACTIONS ARISING OUT OF EQUINE ACTIVITIES

 

30.687       Definitions for ORS 30.687 to 30.697

 

30.689       Policy

 

30.691       Limitations on liability; exceptions

 

30.693       Additional exceptions to limitations on liability; effect of written release

 

30.695       Effect of written release on liability of veterinarian or farrier

 

30.697       Effect on workers’ compensation benefits

 

MISCELLANEOUS ACTIONS

 

30.701       Actions against maker of dishonored check; statutory damages and attorney fees; handling fee

 

30.715       Successive actions or suits

 

30.740       Right of gambling loser to recover double losses

 

30.750       Liability of abstractors

 

30.765       Liability of parents for tort by child; effect on foster parents

 

30.780       Liability for damages caused by gambling

 

30.785       Liability of construction design professional for injuries resulting from failure of employer to comply with safety standards

 

30.788       Liability of architect, engineer, inspector or building evaluator for emergency relief services

 

30.792       Liability of health care provider or health clinic for volunteer services to charitable corporations

 

30.800       Liability for emergency medical assistance

 

30.802       Liability for use of automated external defibrillator

 

30.803       Liability of certified emergency medical technician acting as volunteer

 

30.805       Liability for emergency medical assistance by government personnel

 

30.807       Liability for emergency transportation assistance

 

30.820       Action against seller of drugged horse; attorney fees

 

30.822       Action for theft of or injury to search and rescue animal or therapy animal; attorney fees

 

30.825       Action for unlawful tree spiking; attorney fees

 

30.830       Action against judicial officer for failure to make certain payments

 

30.860       Action for trade discrimination; treble damages; attorney fees

 

30.862       Action for public investment fraud; attorney fees

 

30.864       Action for disclosure of certain education records; limitation of action; attorney fees

 

30.865       Action for invasion of personal privacy; attorney fees

 

30.866       Action for issuance or violation of stalking protective order; attorney fees

 

30.867       Action for violation of criminal laws relating to involuntary servitude or trafficking in persons

 

30.868       Civil damages for custodial interference; attorney fees

 

30.870       Definitions for ORS 30.870 and 30.875

 

30.875       Civil damages for shoplifting or taking of agricultural produce

 

30.876       Treble damages and costs in actions arising out of interference with agricultural research

 

30.877       Treble damages and costs in actions arising out of research and animal interference and arising out of interference with livestock production

 

30.882       Award of liquidated damages to sports official subjected to offensive physical contact; attorney fees

 

30.890       Liability of food gleaners, donors and distributors

 

30.892       Liability of donors and distributors of general merchandise and household items

 

PRODUCT LIABILITY ACTIONS

 

30.900       “Product liability civil action” defined

 

30.905       Time limitation for commencement of action

 

30.907       Action for damages from asbestos-related disease; limitations

 

30.908       Action arising out of injury from breast implants; limitations

 

30.910       Product disputably presumed not unreasonably dangerous

 

30.915       Defenses

 

30.920       When seller or lessor of product liable; effect of liability rule

 

30.925       Punitive damages

 

30.927       When manufacturer of drug not liable for punitive damages; exceptions

 

FARMING AND FOREST PRACTICES

 

30.930       Definitions for ORS 30.930 to 30.947

 

30.931       Transport or movement of equipment, device, vehicle or livestock as farming or forest practice

 

30.932       Definition of “nuisance” or “trespass”

 

30.933       Legislative findings; policy

 

30.934       Prohibition on local laws that make forest practice a nuisance or trespass; exceptions

 

30.935       Prohibition on local laws that make farm practice a nuisance or trespass

 

30.936       Immunity from private action based on farming or forest practice on certain lands; exceptions

 

30.937       Immunity from private action based on farming or forest practice allowed as preexisting nonconforming use; exceptions

 

30.938       Attorney fees and costs

 

30.939       When use of pesticide considered farming or forest practice

 

30.940       Effect on other remedies

 

30.942       Rules

 

30.943       Certain agencies not required to investigate complaints based on farming or forest practice

 

30.947       Effect of siting of destination resorts or other nonfarm or nonforest uses

 

ACTIONS ARISING OUT OF FOOD-RELATED CONDITION

 

30.961       Actions against sellers of food for food-related condition

 

30.963       Claim requirements for actions involving food-related conditions

 

SKIING ACTIVITIES

 

30.970       Definitions for ORS 30.970 to 30.990

 

30.975       Skiers assume certain risks

 

30.980       Notice to ski area operator of injury to skier; injuries resulting in death; statute of limitations; informing skiers of notice requirements

 

30.985       Duties of skiers; effect of failure to comply

 

30.990       Operators required to give skiers notice of duties

 

ACTIONS FOR INJURY OR DEATH

 

      30.010 Who may maintain action for injury or death of child. (1) A parent having custody of a child of the parent may maintain an action for the injury of the child.

      (2) A parent may recover damages for the death of a child of the parent only under ORS 30.020. [Amended by 1961 c.344 §102; 1973 c.718 §1; 2003 c.14 §16]

 

      30.020 Action for wrongful death; when commenced; damages. (1) When the death of a person is caused by the wrongful act or omission of another, the personal representative of the decedent, for the benefit of the decedent’s surviving spouse, surviving children, surviving parents and other individuals, if any, who under the law of intestate succession of the state of the decedent’s domicile would be entitled to inherit the personal property of the decedent, and for the benefit of any stepchild or stepparent whether that stepchild or stepparent would be entitled to inherit the personal property of the decedent or not, may maintain an action against the wrongdoer, if the decedent might have maintained an action, had the decedent lived, against the wrongdoer for an injury done by the same act or omission. The action shall be commenced within three years after the injury causing the death of the decedent is discovered or reasonably should have been discovered by the decedent, by the personal representative or by a person for whose benefit the action may be brought under this section if that person is not the wrongdoer. In no case may an action be commenced later than the earliest of:

      (a) Three years after the death of the decedent; or

      (b) The longest of any other period for commencing an action under a statute of ultimate repose that applies to the act or omission causing the injury, including but not limited to the statutes of ultimate repose provided for in ORS 12.110 (4), 12.115, 12.135, 12.137 and 30.905.

      (2) In an action under this section damages may be awarded in an amount which:

      (a) Includes reasonable charges necessarily incurred for doctors’ services, hospital services, nursing services, other medical services, burial services and memorial services rendered for the decedent;

      (b) Would justly, fairly and reasonably have compensated the decedent for disability, pain, suffering and loss of income during the period between injury to the decedent and the decedent’s death;

      (c) Justly, fairly and reasonably compensates for pecuniary loss to the decedent’s estate;

      (d) Justly, fairly and reasonably compensates the decedent’s spouse, children, stepchildren, stepparents and parents for pecuniary loss and for loss of the society, companionship and services of the decedent; and

      (e) Separately stated in finding or verdict, the punitive damages, if any, which the decedent would have been entitled to recover from the wrongdoer if the decedent had lived.

      (3) For the purposes of this section:

      (a) Two persons shall be considered to have a stepchild-stepparent relationship if one of the biological parents of the stepchild, while the stepchild is a minor and in the custody of this first biological parent, marries the stepparent who is not the second biological parent or the adoptive parent of the stepchild;

      (b) The stepchild-stepparent relationship shall remain in effect even though the stepchild is older than the age of majority or has been emancipated;

      (c) The stepchild-stepparent relationship shall remain in effect even though one or both of the biological parents of the stepchild die; and

      (d) The stepchild-stepparent relationship shall end upon the divorce of the biological parent and the stepparent. [Amended by 1953 c.600 §3; 1961 c.437 §1; 1967 c.544 §1; 1973 c.718 §2; 1991 c.471 §1; 1991 c.608 §1; 1995 c.618 §19]

 

      30.030 Distribution of damages. (1) Upon settlement of a claim, or recovery of judgment in an action, for damages for wrongful death, by the personal representative of a decedent under ORS 30.020, the amount of damages so accepted or recovered shall be distributed in the manner prescribed in this section.

      (2) The personal representative shall make payment or reimbursement for costs, expenses and fees incurred in prosecution or enforcement of the claim, action or judgment.

      (3) The personal representative shall make payment or reimbursement for reasonable charges necessarily incurred for doctors’ services, hospital services, nursing services or other medical services, burial services and memorial services rendered for the decedent.

      (4) If under ORS 30.040 or 30.050 or by agreement of the beneficiaries a portion of the damages so accepted or recovered is apportioned to a beneficiary as recovery for loss described in ORS 30.020 (2)(d), the personal representative shall distribute that portion to the beneficiary.

      (5) The remainder of damages accepted or recovered shall be distributed to the beneficiaries in the proportions prescribed under the laws of intestate succession of the state of decedent’s domicile, but no such damages shall be subject to payment of taxes or claims against the decedent’s estate. [Amended by 1973 c.718 §3]

 

      30.040 Apportionment among dependents upon settlement. Except when all beneficiaries otherwise agree, if settlement, with or without action, is effected and there is more than one beneficiary, the amount to be distributed to each beneficiary as recovery for loss described in ORS 30.020 (2)(d) shall be apportioned by the probate court to each beneficiary in accordance with the beneficiary’s loss. [Amended by 1973 c.718 §4]

 

      30.050 Apportionment among dependents after judgment. Except when all beneficiaries otherwise agree, if the action described in ORS 30.020 is brought, and a judgment for the plaintiff is given, and there is more than one beneficiary, the amount to be distributed to each beneficiary as recovery for loss described in ORS 30.020 (2)(d) shall be apportioned by the trial court to each beneficiary in accordance with the beneficiary’s loss. [Amended by 1973 c.718 §5]

 

      30.060 Appeal from order of distribution or apportionment. In the case of an order of distribution under ORS 30.030 (5) or an order of apportionment made under either ORS 30.040 or 30.050, any individual who in the probate court or trial court claims to be a beneficiary may appeal therefrom, or from any part thereof, to the Court of Appeals, within the time, in the manner and with like effect as though such order was a judgment of the circuit court. [Amended by 1973 c.718 §6]

 

      30.070 Settlement; discharge of claim. The personal representative of the decedent, with the approval of the court of appointment, shall have full power to compromise and settle any claim of the class described in ORS 30.030, whether the claim is reduced to judgment or not, and to execute such releases and other instruments as may be necessary to satisfy and discharge the claim. The party paying any such claim or judgment, whether in full or in part, or in an amount agreed upon in compromise, shall not be required to see that the amount paid is applied or apportioned as provided in ORS 30.030 to 30.060, but shall be fully discharged from all liability on payment to the personal representative.

 

      30.075 Procedure upon death of injured person. (1) Causes of action arising out of injuries to a person, caused by the wrongful act or omission of another, shall not abate upon the death of the injured person, and the personal representatives of the decedent may maintain an action against the wrongdoer, if the decedent might have maintained an action, had the decedent lived, against the wrongdoer for an injury done by the same act or omission. The action shall be commenced within the limitations established in ORS 12.110 by the injured person and continued by the personal representatives under this section, or within three years by the personal representatives if not commenced prior to death.

      (2) In any such action the court may award to the prevailing party, at trial and on appeal, a reasonable amount to be fixed by the court as attorney fees.

      (3) Subsection (2) of this section does not apply to an action for damages arising out of injuries that result in death. If an action for wrongful death under ORS 30.020 is brought, recovery of damages for disability, pain, suffering and loss of income during the period between injury to the decedent and the resulting death of the decedent may only be recovered in the wrongful death action, and the provisions of subsection (2) of this section are not applicable to the recovery. [1965 c.620 §4; 1971 c.473 §2; 1981 c.810 §1; 1981 c.897 §6; 1995 c.618 §21]

 

      30.080 Effect of death of wrongdoer. Claims for relief arising out of injury to or death of a person, caused by the wrongful act or negligence of another, shall not abate upon the death of the wrongdoer, and the injured person or the personal representatives of the one meeting death, as above stated, shall have a claim for relief against the personal representatives of the wrongdoer as if the wrongdoer had survived, except for those damages provided for in ORS 30.020 (2)(e). [Amended by 1953 c.600 §3; 1961 c.437 §2; 1967 c.544 §2; 1973 c.742 §1; 1983 c.662 §1]

 

      30.085 [1987 c.774 §10; 1997 c.734 §1; renumbered 30.698 in 1997]

 

      30.090 Appointment of administrator of estate of wrongdoer. If no probate of the estate of the wrongdoer has been instituted within 60 days from the death of the wrongdoer, the court, upon motion of the injured person, or of the personal representatives of one meeting death, as stated in ORS 30.080, shall appoint an administrator of the estate of the wrongdoer.

 

      30.100 Substitution of personal representative as party defendant. In the event of the death of a wrongdoer, as designated in ORS 30.080, while an action is pending, the court, upon motion of the plaintiff, shall cause to be substituted as defendant the personal representative of the wrongdoer, and the action shall continue against such personal representative.

 

ACTIONS BY GUEST PASSENGERS

 

      30.110 [Repealed by 1961 c.578 §1 (30.115 enacted in lieu of 30.110 and 30.120)]

 

      30.115 Aircraft and watercraft guest passengers; definitions. No person transported by the owner or operator of an aircraft or a watercraft as a guest without payment for such transportation, shall have a cause of action for damages against the owner or operator for injury, death or loss, in case of accident, unless the accident was intentional on the part of the owner or operator or caused by the gross negligence or intoxication of the owner or operator. As used in this section:

      (1) “Payment” means a substantial benefit in a material or business sense conferred upon the owner or operator of the conveyance and which is a substantial motivating factor for the transportation, and it does not include a mere gratuity or social amenity.

      (2) “Gross negligence” refers to negligence which is materially greater than the mere absence of reasonable care under the circumstances, and which is characterized by conscious indifference to or reckless disregard of the rights of others. [1961 c.578 §2 (30.115 enacted in lieu of 30.110 and 30.120); 1979 c.866 §7]

 

      30.120 [Repealed by 1961 c.578 §1 (30.115 enacted in lieu of 30.110 and 30.120)]

 

      30.130 Public carriers by aircraft and prospective aircraft purchasers. ORS 30.115 shall not relieve a public carrier by aircraft, or any owner or operator of aircraft while the same is being demonstrated to a prospective purchaser, of responsibility for any injuries sustained by a passenger.

 

LIABILITY OF CERTAIN PERSONS PROVIDING MOTOR VEHICLES

 

      30.135 Liability of certain persons that lend, rent, donate use of, make available for test drive or otherwise provide motor vehicle. (1) Subject to the provisions of this section, a person that lends, rents, donates use of, makes available for test drive or otherwise provides a motor vehicle, as defined in ORS 801.360, to another person is not liable for any injury, death or damage that arises out of the use of that motor vehicle by the other person, unless the person providing the motor vehicle is negligent in maintaining the motor vehicle or in providing the motor vehicle and the injury, death or damage results from that negligence.

      (2) The limitation on liability provided by this section applies only if the person providing the motor vehicle is engaged in the business of selling, renting, leasing or repairing motor vehicles and the motor vehicle is provided to another person in the course of that business.

      (3) The limitation on liability provided by this section applies only if there is a written agreement between the person providing the motor vehicle and the person receiving the motor vehicle, and the agreement specifically indicates that the person receiving the motor vehicle is liable for any injury, death or damage arising out of the use of the motor vehicle. The limitation on liability provided by this section applies to injury, death or damage suffered during the period specified in the written agreement, or until the return of the motor vehicle, whichever is later.

      (4) The limitation on liability provided by this section applies without regard to whether the motor vehicle is provided for consideration or is provided without charge.

      (5) Nothing in this section affects the liability of a manufacturer, distributor, seller or lessor of a product under the provisions of ORS 30.900 to 30.920.

      (6) Nothing in this section increases, reduces or relates to those obligations that a self-insurer may choose to undertake pursuant to ORS 806.130. Nothing in ORS 806.130 increases, reduces or relates to the limitations of this section. [1999 c.438 §1; 2001 c.291 §1; 2003 c.331 §1; 2007 c.287 §4]

 

ACTIONS ON CERTAIN CONSTRUCTION AGREEMENTS

 

      30.140 Certain indemnification provisions in construction agreement void. (1) Except to the extent provided under subsection (2) of this section, any provision in a construction agreement that requires a person or that person’s surety or insurer to indemnify another against liability for damage arising out of death or bodily injury to persons or damage to property caused in whole or in part by the negligence of the indemnitee is void.

      (2) This section does not affect any provision in a construction agreement that requires a person or that person’s surety or insurer to indemnify another against liability for damage arising out of death or bodily injury to persons or damage to property to the extent that the death or bodily injury to persons or damage to property arises out of the fault of the indemnitor, or the fault of the indemnitor’s agents, representatives or subcontractors.

      (3) As used in this section, “construction agreement” means any written agreement for the planning, design, construction, alteration, repair, improvement or maintenance of any building, highway, road excavation or other structure, project, development or improvement attached to real estate including moving, demolition or tunneling in connection therewith.

      (4) This section does not apply to:

      (a) Any real property lease or rental agreement between a landlord and tenant whether or not any provision of the lease or rental agreement relates to or involves planning, design, construction, alteration, repair, improvement or maintenance as long as the predominant purpose of the lease or rental agreement is not planning, design, construction, alteration, repair, improvement or maintenance of real property; or

      (b) Any personal property lease or rental agreement.

      (5) No provision of this section shall be construed to apply to a “railroad” as defined in ORS 824.200. [1973 c.570 §§1,2; 1987 c.774 §25; 1995 c.704 §1; 1997 c.858 §1; 2007 c.413 §1]

 

      Note: Section 2, chapter 413, Oregon Laws 2007, provides:

      Sec. 2. The amendments to ORS 30.140 by section 1 of this 2007 Act apply only to construction agreements entered into on or after the effective date of this 2007 Act [January 1, 2008]. [2007 c.413 §2]

 

      30.142 [2001 c.616 §1; renumbered 31.150 in 2003]

 

      30.144 [2001 c.616 §2; renumbered 31.152 in 2003]

 

      30.146 [2001 c.616 §3; renumbered 31.155 in 2003]

 

      30.150 [Formerly 30.760; renumbered 31.200 in 2003]

 

      30.155 [1955 c.365 §1; renumbered 31.205 in 2003]

 

      30.160 [1955 c.365 §2; renumbered 31.210 in 2003]

 

      30.165 [1955 c.365 §3; 1991 c.249 §4; renumbered 31.215 in 2003]

 

      30.170 [1955 c.365 §4; renumbered 31.220 in 2003]

 

      30.175 [1955 c.365 §5; renumbered 31.225 in 2003]

 

ACTIONS AGAINST FORMER EMPLOYER FOR DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION

 

      30.178 Liability of employer for disclosing information about employee to new employer; no action based on compelled self-publication. (1) An employer who discloses information about a former employee’s job performance to a prospective employer of the former employee upon request of the prospective employer or of the former employee is presumed to be acting in good faith and, unless lack of good faith is shown by a preponderance of the evidence, is immune from civil liability for such disclosure or its consequences. For purposes of this section, the presumption of good faith is rebutted upon a showing that the information disclosed by the employer was knowingly false or deliberately misleading, was rendered with malicious purpose or violated any civil right of the former employee protected under ORS chapter 659 or 659A.

      (2) A civil action for defamation may not be maintained against an employer by an employee who is terminated by the employer based on a claim that in seeking subsequent employment the former employee will be forced to reveal the reasons given by the employer for the termination. [1995 c.330 §1; 1997 c.754 §1; 2001 c.621 §68]

 

ACTIONS ARISING OUT OF THE PROVISION OF UTILITY SERVICES

 

      30.180 Definitions for ORS 30.180 to 30.186. As used in ORS 30.180 to 30.186:

      (1) “Customer” means the person in whose name a utility service is provided.

      (2) “Divert” means to change the intended course or path of the utility service without the authorization or consent of the utility.

      (3) “Person” means any individual, partnership, firm, association, corporation or government agency.

      (4) “Reconnection” means the commencement of utility service to a customer or other person after service has been lawfully disconnected by the utility.

      (5) “Tamper” means to rearrange, injure, alter, interfere with or otherwise prevent from performing the normal or customary function.

      (6) “Utility” means a private corporation, a municipal corporation or an agency thereof, any other public corporation or any district that provides electricity, gas, water, telephone or cable television to customers on a retail or wholesale basis.

      (7) “Utility service” means the provision of electricity, gas, water, telephone, cable television, electronic communications, steam or any other service or commodity furnished by the utility for compensation. [1989 c.670 §3]

 

      30.182 Civil action for taking of or tampering with utility services. A utility may bring a civil action for damages against any person who knowingly and willfully commits, authorizes, solicits, aids, abets or attempts to:

      (1) Divert, or cause to be diverted, utility services by any means whatsoever;

      (2) Make, or cause to be made, any connection or reconnection with property owned or used by the utility to provide utility service without the authorization or consent of the utility;

      (3) Prevent any utility meter or other device used in determining the charge for utility services from accurately performing its measuring function by tampering or by any other means;

      (4) Tamper with any property owned or used by the utility to provide utility services; or

      (5) Use or receive the direct benefit of all or a portion of the utility service with knowledge of, or reason to believe that, the diversion, tampering or unauthorized connection existed at the time of the use or that the use or receipt was without the authorization or consent of the utility. [1989 c.670 §1]

 

      30.184 Amount recoverable; attorney fees. In any civil action brought under this section, the utility shall recover from the defendant the greater of actual damages, if any, or $100. Actual damages include the costs incurred on account of the bypassing, tampering or unauthorized reconnection, including but not limited to costs and expenses for investigation, disconnection, reconnection and service calls. The utility may recover punitive damages in addition to actual damages. The court may award reasonable attorney fees and expert witness fees to the prevailing party in an action under this section. [1989 c.670 §2; 1993 c.217 §1; 1995 c.618 §22]

 

      30.186 Remedies not exclusive. The remedies provided in ORS 30.180 to 30.186 are in addition to, and not in lieu of, any and all other remedies, both civil and criminal, provided by law. [1989 c.670 §4]

 

      30.190 [1981 c.785 §3; 1983 c.521 §3; 1995 c.618 §23; renumbered 30.198 in 1999]

 

ACTIONS ARISING OUT OF THE PROVISION OF CABLE SERVICES

 

      30.192 Definitions for ORS 30.192 to 30.196. As used in ORS 30.192 to 30.196:

      (1) “Cable operator” means a person who:

      (a) Lawfully provides cable service over a cable system in which the person, directly or through one or more affiliates, owns a significant interest; or

      (b) Lawfully controls or is responsible for the management and operation of a cable system through an arrangement.

      (2) “Cable service” means:

      (a) One-way transmission to subscribers of a video programming service;

      (b) Two-way interactive services delivered over a cable system; or

      (c) Any communication with subscribers necessary for the use of video programming or interactive service.

      (3) “Cable system” means a facility consisting of closed transmission paths and associated signal operation, reception and control equipment that is designed to provide cable service. [1999 c.705 §1]

 

      30.194 Prohibitions relating to cable services. A person shall not knowingly:

      (1) Obtain cable service from a cable operator by trick, artifice, deception, use of an unauthorized device or decoder, or other means without authorization or with the intent to deprive the cable operator of lawful compensation for services rendered;

      (2) Make or maintain, without authorization from or payment to a cable operator, a connection or connections, whether physical, electrical, mechanical, acoustical or otherwise with any cable, wire, component or other device used for the distribution of cable services, except that nothing in this subsection is intended to make unlawful circumstances in which the person has attached a wire or cable to extend authorized or paid cable services to an additional outlet or in which the cable operator has failed to disconnect previously authorized or paid cable service;

      (3) Modify, alter or maintain a modification or alteration to a device installed by a cable operator if the modification or alteration is for the purpose of intercepting or otherwise receiving cable service without authorization from or payment to the cable operator;

      (4) Possess, with intent to receive cable services without authorization from or payment to a cable operator, a printed circuit board or other device designed in whole or in part to facilitate:

      (a) Receiving cable services offered for sale over a cable system; or

      (b) Performing or facilitating any act described in subsections (1) to (3) of this section;

      (5) Manufacture, import into this state, distribute, sell, lease or offer for sale or lease, with intent to promote the receipt of cable services without authorization from or payment to a cable operator, any printed circuit board, plan or other device, or a kit for such a device, designed in whole or in part to facilitate:

      (a) Receiving cable services offered for sale over a cable system; or

      (b) Performing or facilitating any act described in subsections (1) to (3) of this section; or

      (6) Fail to return or surrender, upon demand and after service has been terminated, equipment provided by a cable operator to receive cable service. [1999 c.705 §2]

 

      30.195 Civil action for violation of prohibitions relating to cable services. (1) A cable operator may bring a civil action for damages against any person who violates any provision of ORS 30.194.

      (2) A cable operator who alleges a violation of ORS 30.194 may file for injunctive relief in the circuit court for the county where the alleged violation occurred or is occurring.

      (3) A cable operator who files an action under this section is not required to plead damages with particularity as a condition of filing or maintaining the action.

      (4) In any action brought under this section, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that a person has violated ORS 30.194 (1) if the person is in actual possession of a device that permits the reception of unauthorized cable services for which payment has not been made and for which no legitimate purpose exists.

      (5) In any action brought under this section, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that a person has violated ORS 30.194 (2) if cable service to the person’s business or residence was disconnected by a cable operator, notice of the disconnection was provided to the person by certified mail, and a connection exists at the person’s business or residence after the date of the notice.

      (6) In any action brought under this section, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that a person has violated ORS 30.194 (3) if the cable operator as standard procedure:

      (a) Places written warning labels on its converters or decoders indicating that tampering with the devices is a violation of law and a converter or decoder is found to have been tampered with, altered or modified to allow the reception of cable services without authorization from or payment to the cable operator; or

      (b) Seals its converters or decoders with a label or mechanical device and the label or device has been removed or broken.

      (7) In any action brought under this section, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that a person has violated ORS 30.194 (4) if a person possesses 10 or more printed circuit boards or other devices designed to receive cable services. A person who is found to have violated ORS 30.194 (4) shall be subject to penalties described in ORS 30.196 (2).

      (8) In any action brought under this section, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that a person has violated ORS 30.194 (5) if the person made representations to a buyer that the device offered for sale would allow the purchaser to obtain cable service without authorization from or payment to a cable operator. A person who is found to have violated ORS 30.194 (5) shall be subject to penalties described in ORS 30.196 (2).

      (9) In any action brought under this section, there shall be a rebuttable presumption that a person has violated ORS 30.194 (6) if a cable operator sent to the person by certified mail, at the most recent address for the person shown in the records of the cable operator, a written demand for the return of converters, decoders or other equipment owned by the cable operator. The demand shall allow the person to make reasonable arrangements to return the equipment within 15 days of receiving the notice. Reasonable arrangements may include a request that the cable operator pick up the equipment, subject to the cable operators written policies.

      (10) Statements from a manufacturer or retailer regarding the intended use or uses of a product shall not constitute a defense to an alleged violation of ORS 30.194 (5). [1999 c.705 §3]

 

      30.196 Amount recoverable; attorney fees. (1) In addition to any other penalty provided by law, a cable operator who prevails on a claim under ORS 30.195 may recover the amount of $3,000.

      (2)(a) A court may increase an award under subsection (1) of this section to an amount not to exceed $50,000 if the court determines that the violation was committed for purposes of commercial advantage.

      (b) As used in this subsection, “commercial advantage” does not include any monetary gain realized by a person’s private use of unauthorized cable services.

      (3) The prevailing party in an action brought under ORS 30.195 shall be awarded reasonable court costs and attorney fees and all costs including but not limited to the cost of investigation, disconnection or reconnection, service calls, labor, equipment and expert testimony. [1999 c.705 §4]

 

ACTIONS FOR INTIMIDATION

 

      30.198 Civil action for intimidation; remedies; attorney fees; liability of parents. (1) Irrespective of any criminal prosecution or the result thereof, any person injured by a violation of ORS 166.155 or 166.165 shall have a civil action to secure an injunction, damages or other appropriate relief against any and all persons whose actions are unlawful under ORS 166.155 and 166.165.

      (2) Upon prevailing in such action, the plaintiff may recover:

      (a) Both special and general damages, including damages for emotional distress; and

      (b) Punitive damages.

      (3) The court shall award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing plaintiff in an action under this section. The court may award reasonable attorney fees and expert witness fees incurred by a defendant who prevails in the action if the court determines that the plaintiff had no objectively reasonable basis for asserting a claim or no reasonable basis for appealing an adverse decision of a trial court.

      (4) The parent, parents or legal guardian of an unemancipated minor shall be liable for any judgment recovered against such minor under this section, in an amount not to exceed $5,000. [Formerly 30.190]

 

      30.200 Action by district attorney; effect on others. If any district attorney has reasonable cause to believe that any person or group of persons is engaged in violation of ORS 166.155 or 166.165, the district attorney may bring a civil claim for relief in the appropriate court, setting forth facts pertaining to such violation, and request such relief as may be necessary to restrain or prevent such violation. Any claim for relief under this section does not prevent any person from seeking any other remedy otherwise available under law. [1981 c.785 §4]

ACTIONS ON OFFICIAL BONDS

 

      30.210 To whom official bonds are security. The official undertaking or other security of a public officer to the state, or to any county, city or other public corporation of like character therein, is a security to the state, county, city or public corporation, as the case may be, and also, to all persons severally for the official delinquencies against which it is intended to provide.

 

      30.220 Parties. When a public officer by official misconduct or neglect of duty forfeits an official undertaking or other security of the public officer, or renders the sureties of the public officer liable thereon, any person injured by the misconduct or neglect, or who is by law entitled to the benefit of the security, may maintain an action thereon in the name of the person, against the officer and the sureties of the officer, to recover the amount to which the person may by reason thereof be entitled.

 

      30.230 Leave to begin action. Before an action can be commenced by a plaintiff other than the state, or the public corporation named in the undertaking or security, leave shall be obtained of the court or judge thereof where the action is triable. Such leave shall be granted upon the production of a certified copy of the undertaking or security, and an affidavit of the plaintiff or some person on behalf of the plaintiff showing the delinquency; but if the matters set forth in the affidavit are such that, if true, the party applying would clearly not be entitled to recover in the action, the leave shall not be granted. If it does not appear from the complaint that leave has been granted, the defendant on motion shall be entitled to judgment of dismissal without prejudice; if it does, the defendant may controvert the allegation, and if the issue be found in favor of the defendant, judgment shall be given accordingly. [Amended by 1979 c.284 §63]

 

      30.240 Subsequent delinquencies on same bond. A judgment in favor of a party for one delinquency shall not preclude the same or another party from maintaining another action on the same undertaking or security for another delinquency.

 

      30.250 Amount of judgment. In an action upon an official undertaking or security, if judgments have already been recovered on the same undertaking or security against the surety therein, other than by confession, and if such recovery is established on the trial, judgment shall not be given against the surety for an amount exceeding the difference between the amount of the penalty and the amount that already has been recovered against the surety.

TORT ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC BODIES

 

(Generally)

 

      30.260 Definitions for ORS 30.260 to 30.300. As used in ORS 30.260 to 30.300, unless the context requires otherwise:

      (1) “Department” means the Oregon Department of Administrative Services.

      (2) “Director” means the Director of the Oregon Department of Administrative Services.

      (3) “Governing body” means the group or officer in which the controlling authority of any public body is vested.

      (4) “Public body” means:

      (a) The state and any department, agency, board or commission of the state;

      (b) Any city, county, school district or other political subdivision or municipal or public corporation and any instrumentality thereof;

      (c) Any intergovernmental agency, department, council, joint board of control created under ORS 190.125 or other like entity which is created under ORS 190.003 to 190.130, and which does not act under the direction and control of any single member government;

      (d) Any nonprofit corporation that is organized and existing under ORS chapter 65 and that has only political subdivisions or municipal, quasi-municipal or public corporations in this state as members;

      (e) A private child-caring agency, as defined in ORS 418.205, that meets the criteria specified in ORS 278.322 (1)(a) and that receives more than 50 percent of its funding from the state for the purpose of providing residential treatment to children who have been placed in the care and custody of the state or that provides residential treatment to children more than half of whom have been placed in the care and custody of the state; or

      (f) A private, nonprofit organization that provides public transportation services if more than 50 percent of the organization’s funding for the purpose of providing public transportation services is received from governmental bodies.

      (5) “State” means the state or any branch, department, agency, board or commission of the state.

      (6) “Local public body” means any public body other than the state.

      (7) “Nuclear incident” has the meaning given that term in 42 U.S.C. 2014(q).

      (8) “Tort” means the breach of a legal duty that is imposed by law, other than a duty arising from contract or quasi-contract, the breach of which results in injury to a specific person or persons for which the law provides a civil right of action for damages or for a protective remedy. [1967 c.627 §1; 1975 c.609 §11; 1977 c.823 §1; 1981 c.109 §1; 1987 c.915 §9; subsections (7) and (8) enacted as 1987 c.705 §6; 1989 c.905 §1; 1989 c.1004 §2; 1993 c.500 §3; 1997 c.215 §4; 2005 c.684 §1; 2005 c.798 §2]

 

      30.261 Limitation on applicability of ORS 30.260 to 30.300 to certain private, nonprofit organizations. A private, nonprofit organization described under ORS 30.260 (4)(f) is subject to ORS 30.260 to 30.300 only for the purposes of providing public transportation services. [2005 c.684 §4]

 

      Note: 30.261 was added to and made a part of 30.260 to 30.300 by legislative action but was not added to any smaller series therein. See Preface to Oregon Revised Statutes for further explanation.

 

      30.262 Certain nonprofit facilities and homes public bodies for purposes of ORS 30.260 to 30.300. (1) The following facilities and training homes are public bodies for the purposes of ORS 30.260 to 30.300:

      (a) A nonprofit residential training facility as defined in ORS 443.400, nonprofit residential training home as defined in ORS 443.400 or nonprofit facility as defined in ORS 427.005, organized and existing under ORS chapter 65, that receives more than 50 percent of its funding from the state or a political subdivision of the state for the purpose of providing residential or vocational services to individuals with mental retardation or developmental disabilities.

      (b) A nonprofit residential training facility as defined in ORS 443.400, nonprofit residential training home as defined in ORS 443.400 or nonprofit facility as defined in ORS 427.005, organized and existing under ORS chapter 65, that receives less than 50 percent of its funding from the state or a political subdivision of the state but that provides residential or vocational services to individuals with mental retardation or developmental disabilities, more than half of whom are eligible for funding for services by the Department of Human Services under criteria established by the department.

      (2) The provisions of this section apply only to a nonprofit residential training facility, nonprofit residential training home or nonprofit facility that provides services to individuals with mental retardation or developmental disabilities under a contract with:

      (a) The Department of Human Services; or

      (b) A community mental health and developmental disabilities program established pursuant to ORS 430.620. [1997 c.579 §2; 2001 c.900 §9; 2007 c.70 §8]

 

      Note: 30.262 was added to and made a part of 30.260 to 30.300 by legislative action but was not added to any smaller series therein. See Preface to Oregon Revised Statutes for further explanation.

 

      30.264 Liability insurance for students involved in off-campus experiential activities; coverage under ORS 30.260 to 30.300. (1) The State Board of Higher Education may authorize higher education institutions under the control of the board to provide liability insurance coverage for students involved in off-campus experiential activities, including, but not limited to, student teaching, internships, clinical experiences, capstone projects and related activities.

      (2) If commercial liability insurance coverage is not available to higher education institutions, students participating in the activities described in subsection (1) of this section shall be considered to be acting within the course and scope of state employment duties for purposes of ORS 30.260 to 30.300. [2001 c.370 §2]

 

      30.265 Scope of liability of public body, officers, employees and agents; liability in nuclear incident. (1) Subject to the limitations of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, every public body is subject to action or suit for its torts and those of its officers, employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment or duties, whether arising out of a governmental or proprietary function or while operating a motor vehicle in a ridesharing arrangement authorized under ORS 276.598. The sole cause of action for any tort of officers, employees or agents of a public body acting within the scope of their employment or duties and eligible for representation and indemnification under ORS 30.285 or 30.287 shall be an action against the public body only. The remedy provided by ORS 30.260 to 30.300 is exclusive of any other action or suit against any such officer, employee or agent of a public body whose act or omission within the scope of the officer’s, employee’s or agent’s employment or duties gives rise to the action or suit. No other form of civil action or suit shall be permitted. If an action or suit is filed against an officer, employee or agent of a public body, on appropriate motion the public body shall be substituted as the only defendant. Substitution of the public body as the defendant does not exempt the public body from making any report required under ORS 742.400.

      (2) Every public body is immune from liability for any claim for injury to or death of any person or injury to property resulting from an act or omission of an officer, employee or agent of a public body when such officer, employee or agent is immune from liability.

      (3) Every public body and its officers, employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment or duties, or while operating a motor vehicle in a ridesharing arrangement authorized under ORS 276.598, are immune from liability for:

      (a) Any claim for injury to or death of any person covered by any workers’ compensation law.

      (b) Any claim in connection with the assessment and collection of taxes.

      (c) Any claim based upon the performance of or the failure to exercise or perform a discretionary function or duty, whether or not the discretion is abused.

      (d) Any claim that is limited or barred by the provisions of any other statute, including but not limited to any statute of ultimate repose.

      (e) Any claim arising out of riot, civil commotion or mob action or out of any act or omission in connection with the prevention of any of the foregoing.

      (f) Any claim arising out of an act done or omitted under apparent authority of a law, resolution, rule or regulation that is unconstitutional, invalid or inapplicable except to the extent that they would have been liable had the law, resolution, rule or regulation been constitutional, valid and applicable, unless such act was done or omitted in bad faith or with malice.

      (4) Subsection (1) of this section applies to any action of any officer, employee or agent of the state relating to a nuclear incident, whether or not the officer, employee or agent is acting within the scope of employment, and provided the nuclear incident is covered by an insurance or indemnity agreement under 42 U.S.C. 2210.

      (5) Subsection (3)(c) of this section does not apply to any discretionary act that is found to be the cause or partial cause of a nuclear incident covered by an insurance or indemnity agreement under the provisions of 42 U.S.C. 2210, including but not limited to road design and route selection. [1967 c.627 §§2,3,10; 1969 c.429 §1; 1975 c.609 §12; 1977 c.823 §2; 1981 c.490 §4; 1985 c.731 §31; 1987 c.705 §7; 1991 c.861 §1; 2005 c.22 §19; 2007 c.803 §4]

 

      30.266 [1977 c.781 §2; 1981 c.109 §2; 1985 c.731 §20; 1989 c.873 §1; repealed by 1991 c.756 §5]

 

      30.267 Liability for certain medical treatment at Oregon Health and Science University facilities. (1) For the purposes of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, all services constituting patient care, including, but not limited to, inpatient care, outpatient care and all forms of consultation, that are provided on the Oregon Health and Science University campus or in any Oregon Health and Science University clinic are within the scope of their state employment or duties when performed by:

      (a) Salaried physicians or dentists employed at any full-time equivalent by the Oregon Health and Science University;

      (b) Nonsalaried or courtesy physicians or dentists affiliated with the Oregon Health and Science University;

      (c) Medical, dental or nursing students or trainees affiliated with the Oregon Health and Science University;

      (d) Volunteer physicians or dentists affiliated with the Oregon Health and Science University; or

      (e) Any nurses, students, orderlies, volunteers, aides or employees of the Oregon Health and Science University.

      (2) As used in this section:

      (a) “Nonsalaried or courtesy physician or dentist” means a physician or dentist who receives a fee or other compensation for those services constituting patient care which are within the scope of state employment or duties under this section. The term does not include a physician or dentist described under subsection (1)(a) of this section.

      (b) “Volunteer physician or dentist” means a physician or dentist who does not receive a salary, fee or other compensation for those services constituting patient care which are within the scope of state employment or duties under this section. [1977 c.851 §2]

 

      30.268 Liability for certain medical treatment at facilities other than Oregon Health and Science University. (1) For the purposes of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, all services constituting patient care, including, but not limited to, inpatient care, outpatient care and all forms of consultation that are provided at a location other than the Oregon Health and Science University campus or one of the Oregon Health and Science University clinics are within the scope of state employment or duties when:

      (a) Provided by members of the Oregon Health and Science University faculty or staff, Oregon Health and Science University students under prior written express authorization from the president of the Oregon Health and Science University or a representative of the president to provide those services at that location;

      (b) The services provided are within the scope of the express authorization; and

      (c) The Oregon Health and Science University:

      (A) Derives revenue in a similar amount or percentage as it would for care rendered on the Oregon Health and Science University campus or at an Oregon Health and Science University clinic; or

      (B) Is performing a salaried, nonfee-generating or volunteer public community or nonfee-generating educational service by providing the services.

      (2) For the purposes of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, services constituting patient care that are provided at a location other than the Oregon Health and Science University campus or one of the Oregon Health and Science University clinics are not within the scope of state employment or duties when:

      (a) Such services constitute an exclusively private relationship between the patient and a person described in subsection (1)(a) of this section; and

      (b) The requirements of subsection (1)(b) and (c) of this section are not met. [1977 c.851 §3; 1995 c.84 §1]

 

      30.270 Amount of liability. (1) Liability of any public body or its officers, employees or agents acting within the scope of their employment or duties on claims within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300 shall not exceed:

      (a) $50,000 to any claimant for any number of claims for damage to or destruction of property, including consequential damages, arising out of a single accident or occurrence.

      (b) $100,000 to any claimant as general and special damages for all other claims arising out of a single accident or occurrence unless those damages exceed $100,000, in which case the claimant may recover additional special damages, but in no event shall the total award of special damages exceed $100,000.

      (c) $500,000 for any number of claims arising out of a single accident or occurrence.

      (2) No award for damages on any such claim shall include punitive damages. The limitation imposed by this section on individual claimants includes damages claimed for loss of services or loss of support arising out of the same tort.

      (3) Where the amount awarded to or settled upon multiple claimants exceeds $500,000, any party may apply to any circuit court to apportion to each claimant the proper share of the total amount limited by subsection (1) of this section. The share apportioned each claimant shall be in the proportion that the ratio of the award or settlement made to the claimant bears to the aggregate awards and settlements for all claims arising out of the occurrence.

      (4) Liability of any public body and one or more of its officers, employees or agents, or two or more officers, employees or agents of a public body, on claims arising out of a single accident or occurrence, shall not exceed in the aggregate the amounts limited by subsection (1) of this section.

      (5) For any claim arising in connection with a nuclear incident, no provision of this section shall limit the amount of damages recoverable for injuries or death or loss of or damage to property, or loss of use of property as a result of a nuclear incident covered by an insurance or indemnity agreement under 42 U.S.C. 2210. [1967 c.627 §4; 1969 c.429 §2; 1975 c.609 §13; 1987 c.705 §8; 1987 c.915 §13]

 

      30.275 Notice of claim; time of notice; time of action. (1) No action arising from any act or omission of a public body or an officer, employee or agent of a public body within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300 shall be maintained unless notice of claim is given as required by this section.

      (2) Notice of claim shall be given within the following applicable period of time, not including the period, not exceeding 90 days, during which the person injured is unable to give the notice because of the injury or because of minority, incompetency or other incapacity:

      (a) For wrongful death, within one year after the alleged loss or injury.

      (b) For all other claims, within 180 days after the alleged loss or injury.

      (3) Notice of claim required by this section is satisfied by:

      (a) Formal notice of claim as provided in subsections (4) and (5) of this section;

      (b) Actual notice of claim as provided in subsection (6) of this section;

      (c) Commencement of an action on the claim by or on behalf of the claimant within the applicable period of time provided in subsection (2) of this section; or

      (d) Payment of all or any part of the claim by or on behalf of the public body at any time.

      (4) Formal notice of claim is a written communication from a claimant or representative of a claimant containing:

      (a) A statement that a claim for damages is or will be asserted against the public body or an officer, employee or agent of the public body;

      (b) A description of the time, place and circumstances giving rise to the claim, so far as known to the claimant; and

      (c) The name of the claimant and the mailing address to which correspondence concerning the claim may be sent.

      (5) Formal notice of claim shall be given by mail or personal delivery:

      (a) If the claim is against the state or an officer, employee or agent thereof, to the office of the Director of the Oregon Department of Administrative Services.

      (b) If the claim is against a local public body or an officer, employee or agent thereof, to the public body at its principal administrative office, to any member of the governing body of the public body, or to an attorney designated by the governing body as its general counsel.

      (6) Actual notice of claim is any communication by which any individual to whom notice may be given as provided in subsection (5) of this section or any person responsible for administering tort claims on behalf of the public body acquires actual knowledge of the time, place and circumstances giving rise to the claim, where the communication is such that a reasonable person would conclude that a particular person intends to assert a claim against the public body or an officer, employee or agent of the public body. A person responsible for administering tort claims on behalf of a public body is a person who, acting within the scope of the person’s responsibility, as an officer, employee or agent of a public body or as an employee or agent of an insurance carrier insuring the public body for risks within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, engages in investigation, negotiation, adjustment or defense of claims within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, or in furnishing or accepting forms for claimants to provide claim information, or in supervising any of those activities.

      (7) In an action arising from any act or omission of a public body or an officer, employee or agent of a public body within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, the plaintiff has the burden of proving that notice of claim was given as required by this section.

      (8) The requirement that a notice of claim be given under subsections (1) to (7) of this section does not apply if:

      (a)(A) The claimant was under the age of 18 years when the acts or omissions giving rise to a claim occurred;

      (B) The claim is against the Department of Human Services or the Oregon Youth Authority; and

      (C) The claimant was in the custody of the Department of Human Services pursuant to an order of a juvenile court under ORS 419B.150, 419B.185, 419B.337 or 419B.527, or was in the custody of the Oregon Youth Authority under the provisions of ORS 419C.478, 420.011 or 420A.040, when the acts or omissions giving rise to a claim occurred.

      (b) The claim is against a private, nonprofit organization that provides public transportation services described under ORS 30.260 (4)(f).

      (9) Except as provided in ORS 12.120, 12.135 and 659A.875, but notwithstanding any other provision of ORS chapter 12 or other statute providing a limitation on the commencement of an action, an action arising from any act or omission of a public body or an officer, employee or agent of a public body within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300 shall be commenced within two years after the alleged loss or injury. [1967 c.627 §5; 1969 c.429 §3; 1975 c.604 §1a; 1975 c.609 §14; 1977 c.823 §3; 1979 c.284 §64; 1981 c.350 §1; 1993 c.500 §4; 1993 c.515 §1; 2001 c.601 §1; 2001 c.621 §89; 2005 c.684 §2]

 

      30.278 Reporting notice of claim of professional negligence to licensing board. When notice is received under ORS 30.275 of a claim of professional negligence against a physician, optometrist, dentist, dental hygienist or naturopath who is acting within the scope of employment by a public body or within the scope of duties as defined by ORS 30.267, the person receiving the notice shall report to the appropriate licensing board, in the same manner as required by ORS 742.400, the information required by ORS 742.400 to be reported by insurers or self-insured associations. [1987 c.774 §64]

 

      Note: 30.278 was enacted into law by the Legislative Assembly but was not added to or made a part of ORS chapter 30 or any series therein by legislative action. See Preface to Oregon Revised Statutes for further explanation.

 

      30.280 [1967 c.627 §6; repealed by 1975 c.609 §25]

 

      30.282 Local public body insurance; self-insurance program; action against program. (1) The governing body of any local public body may procure insurance against:

      (a) Tort liability of the public body and its officers, employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment or duties; or

      (b) Property damage.

      (2) In addition to, or in lieu of procuring insurance, the governing body may establish a self-insurance program against the tort liability of the public body and its officers, employees and agents or against property damage. If the public body has authority to levy taxes, it may include in its levy an amount sufficient to establish and maintain a self-insurance program on an actuarially sound basis.

      (3) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, two or more local public bodies may jointly provide by intergovernmental agreement for anything that subsections (1) and (2) of this section authorize individually.

      (4) As an alternative or in addition to establishment of a self-insurance program or purchase of insurance or both, the governing body of any local public body and the Oregon Department of Administrative Services may contract for payment by the public body to the department of assessments determined by the department to be sufficient, on an actuarially sound basis, to cover the potential liability of the public body and its officers, employees or agents acting within the scope of their employment or duties under ORS 30.260 to 30.300, and costs of administration, or to cover any portion of potential liability, and for payment by the department of valid claims against the public body and its officers, employees and agents acting within the scope of their employment or duties. The department may provide the public body evidence of insurance by issuance of a certificate or policy.

      (5) Assessments paid to the department under subsection (4) of this section shall be paid into the Insurance Fund created under ORS 278.425, and claims paid and administrative costs incurred under subsection (4) of this section shall be paid out of the Insurance Fund, and moneys in the Insurance Fund are continuously appropriated for those purposes. When notice of any claim is furnished as provided in the agreement, the claim shall be handled and paid, if appropriate, in the same manner as a claim against a state agency, officer, employee or agent, without regard to the amount the local public body has been assessed.

      (6) A self-insurance program established by three or more public bodies under subsections (2) and (3) of this section is subject to the following requirements:

      (a) The annual contributions to the program must amount in the aggregate to at least $1 million.

      (b) The program must provide documentation that defines program benefits and administration.

      (c) Program contributions and reserves must be held in separate accounts and used for the exclusive benefit of the program.

      (d) The program must maintain adequate reserves. Reserve adequacy shall be calculated annually with proper actuarial calculations including the following:

      (A) Known claims, paid and outstanding;

      (B) Estimate of incurred but not reported claims;

      (C) Claims handling expenses;

      (D) Unearned contributions; and

      (E) A claims trend factor.

      (e) The program must maintain an unallocated reserve account equal to 25 percent of annual contributions, or $250,000, whichever is greater. As used in this paragraph, “unallocated reserves” means the amount of funds determined by a licensed independent actuary to be greater than what is required to fund outstanding claim liabilities, including an estimate of claims incurred but not reported.

      (f) The program must make an annual independently audited financial statement available to the participants of the program.

      (g) The program must maintain adequate excess or reinsurance against the risk of economic loss.

      (h) The program, a third party administrator or an owner of a third party administrator may not collect commissions or fees from an insurer.

      (7) A program operated under subsection (6) of this section that fails to meet any of the listed requirements for a period longer than 30 consecutive days shall be dissolved and any unallocated reserves returned in proportional amounts based on the contributions of the public body to the public bodies that established the program within 90 days of the failure.

      (8) A public body as defined in ORS 30.260 (4)(b), (c) or (d) may bring an action against a program operated under subsection (6) of this section if the program fails to comply with the requirements listed in subsection (6) of this section. [1975 c.609 §19; 1977 c.428 §1; 1981 c.109 §4; 1985 c.731 §21; 2005 c.175 §2]

 

      30.285 Public body shall indemnify public officers; procedure for requesting counsel; extent of duty of state; obligation for judgment and attorney fees. (1) The governing body of any public body shall defend, save harmless and indemnify any of its officers, employees and agents, whether elective or appointive, against any tort claim or demand, whether groundless or otherwise, arising out of an alleged act or omission occurring in the performance of duty.

      (2) The provisions of subsection (1) of this section do not apply in case of malfeasance in office or willful or wanton neglect of duty.

      (3) If any civil action, suit or proceeding is brought against any state officer, employee or agent which on its face falls within the provisions of subsection (1) of this section, or which the state officer, employee or agent asserts to be based in fact upon an alleged act or omission in the performance of duty, the state officer, employee or agent may, after consulting with the Oregon Department of Administrative Services file a written request for counsel with the Attorney General. The Attorney General shall thereupon appear and defend the officer, employee or agent unless after investigation the Attorney General finds that the claim or demand does not arise out of an alleged act or omission occurring in the performance of duty, or that the act or omission complained of amounted to malfeasance in office or willful or wanton neglect of duty, in which case the Attorney General shall reject defense of the claim.

      (4) Any officer, employee or agent of the state against whom a claim within the scope of this section is made shall cooperate fully with the Attorney General and the department in the defense of such claim. If the Attorney General after consulting with the department determines that such officer, employee or agent has not so cooperated or has otherwise acted to prejudice defense of the claim, the Attorney General may at any time reject the defense of the claim.

      (5) If the Attorney General rejects defense of a claim under subsection (3) of this section or this subsection, no public funds shall be paid in settlement of said claim or in payment of any judgment against such officer, employee or agent. Such action by the Attorney General shall not prejudice the right of the officer, employee or agent to assert and establish an appropriate proceedings that the claim or demand in fact arose out of an alleged act or omission occurring in the performance of duty, or that the act or omission complained of did not amount to malfeasance in office or willful or wanton neglect of duty, in which case the officer, employee or agent shall be indemnified against liability and reasonable costs of defending the claim, cost of such indemnification to be a charge against the Insurance Fund established by ORS 278.425.

      (6) Nothing in subsection (3), (4) or (5) of this section shall be deemed to increase the limits of liability of any public officer, agent or employee under ORS 30.270, or obviate the necessity of compliance with ORS 30.275 by any claimant, nor to affect the liability of the state itself or of any other public officer, agent or employee on any claim arising out of the same accident or occurrence.

      (7) As used in this section, “state officer, employee or agent” includes district attorneys and deputy district attorneys, special prosecutors and law clerks of the office of district attorney who act in a prosecutorial capacity, but does not include any other employee of the office of district attorney or any employee of the justice or circuit courts whose salary is paid wholly or in part by the county. [1967 c.627 §7; 1975 c.609 §16; 1981 c.109 §5; 1981 c.913 §2; 1985 c.731 §22; 1987 c.763 §1]

 

      30.287 Counsel for public officer; when public funds not to be paid in settlement; effect on liability limit; defense by insurer. (1) If any civil action, suit or proceeding is brought against any officer, employee or agent of a local public body other than the state which on its face falls within the provisions of ORS 30.285 (1), or which the officer, employee or agent asserts to be based in fact upon an alleged act or omission in the performance of duty, the officer, employee or agent may file a written request for counsel with the governing body of the public body. The governing body shall thereupon engage counsel to appear and defend the officer, employee or agent unless after investigation it is determined that the claim or demand does not arise out of an alleged act or omission occurring in the performance of duty, or that the act or omission complained of amounted to malfeasance in office or willful or wanton neglect of duty, in which case the governing body shall reject defense of the claim.

      (2) Any officer, employee or agent of a local public body against whom a claim within the scope of this section is made shall cooperate fully with the governing body and counsel in the defense of such claim. If the counsel determines and certifies to the governing body that such officer, employee or agent has not so cooperated or has otherwise acted in prejudice of the defense of the claim, the governing body may at any time reject the defense of the claim.

      (3) If the governing body rejects defense of a claim under subsection (1) of this section, no public funds shall be paid in settlement of the claim or in payment of any judgment against such officer, employee or agent. Such action by the governing body shall not prejudice the right of the officer, employee or agent to assert and establish in an appropriate proceedings that the claim or demand in fact arose out of an alleged act or omission occurring in the performance of duty, or that the act or omission complained of did not amount to malfeasance in office or willful or wanton neglect of duty, in which case the officer, employee or agent shall be indemnified by the public body against liability and reasonable costs of defending the claim.

      (4) Nothing in subsection (1), (2) or (3) of this section shall be deemed to increase the limits of liability of any public officer, agent or employee under ORS 30.270, or relieve any claimant of the necessity of compliance with ORS 30.275, nor to affect the liability of the local public body itself or of any other public officer, agent or employee on any claim arising out of the same accident or occurrence.

      (5) The provisions of this section may be superseded to the extent that the claim against the public officer, employee or agent may be defended by any insurer, or may be subject under ORS 30.282 to agreement with the Oregon Department of Administrative Services, in which case the provisions of the policy of insurance or other agreement are applicable. [1975 c.609 §20; 1985 c.565 §3; 1989 c.1004 §1]

 

      30.290 Settlement of claims by local public body. The governing body of any local public body may, subject to the provisions of any contract of liability insurance existing, compromise, adjust and settle tort claims against the public body or its officers, employees or agents acting within the scope of their employment for damages under ORS 30.260 to 30.300 and may, subject to procedural requirements imposed by law or other charter, appropriate money for the payment of amounts agreed upon. [1967 c.627 §8; 1975 c.609 §17; 1989 c.655 §1]

 

      30.295 Payment of judgment or settlement; remedies for nonpayment; tax levy for payment; installment payments. (1) When a judgment is entered against or a settlement is made by a public body for a claim within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, including claims against officers, employees or agents required to be indemnified under ORS 30.285, payment shall be made and the same remedies shall apply in case of nonpayment as in the case of other judgments or settlements against the public body except as otherwise provided in this section.

      (2) If the public body is authorized to levy taxes that could be used to satisfy a judgment or settlement within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300, and it has, by resolution, declared that the following conditions exist, interest shall accrue on the judgment or settlement, but the same shall not be due and payable until after the canvass and certification of an election upon a special tax levy for purposes of satisfying the judgment or settlement:

      (a) The amount of the judgment or settlement would exceed amounts budgeted for contingencies, tort claims and projected surplus in the current budget;

      (b) The amount of the judgment or settlement would exceed 10 percent of the total of the next fiscal year’s projected revenues that are not restricted as to use, including the maximum amount of general property tax that could be levied without election but excluding any levy for debt service;

      (c) Payment of the judgment or settlement within less than a certain number of years would seriously impair the ability of the public body to carry out its responsibilities as a unit of government; and

      (d) The public body has passed an appropriate ordinance or resolution calling a special election to submit to its electors a special levy in an amount sufficient to satisfy the judgment or settlement.

      (3) A certified copy of the resolution provided for in subsection (2) of this section shall be filed with the clerk of the court in which an order permitting installment payments could be entered.

      (4) If the public body is not authorized to levy taxes as provided in subsection (2) of this section, and it has, by resolution, declared that the applicable conditions specified in subsection (2)(a) to (c) of this section exist, it may petition for an order permitting installment payments as provided in subsection (6) of this section.

      (5)(a) The provisions of subsections (2) and (4) of this section do not apply to the State of Oregon.

      (b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) of this subsection, if the conditions specified in subsection (4) of this section exist, the Secretary of State may, under Seal of the State of Oregon, attest thereto in lieu of a resolution, and the State of Oregon may thereafter petition for an order permitting installment payments as provided in subsection (6) of this section.

      (6) If the procedure specified in subsections (2) to (5) of this section has been followed, and, with respect to public bodies subject to subsection (2) of this section, the tax levy failed, the public body may petition for an order permitting installment payments. The petition shall be filed in the court in which judgment was entered or, if no judgment has been entered, it shall be filed in the circuit court of the judicial district in which the public body has its legal situs. Petitions by the State of Oregon when no judgment has been entered shall be filed in Marion County Circuit Court.

      (7) The court in which a petition is filed shall order that the judgment or settlement be paid in quarterly, semiannual or annual installments over a period of time not to exceed 10 years. The court shall determine the term of years based upon the ability of the public body to effectively carry out its governmental responsibilities, and shall not allow a longer term than appears reasonably necessary to meet that need. The order permitting installment payments shall provide for annual interest at the judgment rate. [1967 c.627 §9; 1977 c.823 §4; 2005 c.22 §20]

 

      30.297 Liability of certain state agencies for damages caused by foster child or youth offender; conditions; exceptions. (1) Notwithstanding ORS 125.235, the Department of Human Services is liable for damages resulting from the intentional torts of a foster child who is residing in:

      (a) A foster home that has been certified by the department under the provisions of ORS 418.625 to 418.645, even though the child is temporarily absent from that home;

      (b) An approved home that is receiving payment from the department under the provisions of ORS 418.027 or under the provisions of ORS 420.810 and 420.815, even though the child is temporarily absent from that home; or

      (c) A developmental disability child foster home that has been certified by the department under the provisions of ORS 443.830 and 443.835, even though the foster child is temporarily absent from that home.

      (2) Notwithstanding ORS 125.235, the Oregon Youth Authority is liable for damages resulting from the intentional torts of a youth offender who is residing in a youth offender foster home that has been certified by the authority under the provisions of ORS 420.888 to 420.892, even though the youth offender is temporarily absent from that home.

      (3) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the liability of the department and the authority under this section is subject to the same requirements and limitations provided in ORS 30.260 to 30.300, and a claim under this section shall be treated as a claim for damages within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300 for the purposes of ORS 278.120.

      (4) Notwithstanding subsections (1) and (2) of this section:

      (a) The department and the authority are not liable for any damages arising out of the operation of a motor vehicle by a foster child or youth offender; and

      (b) The department and the authority are only liable for theft by a foster child or youth offender upon a showing by clear and convincing evidence that the foster child or youth offender committed the theft.

      (5) For the purposes of this section:

      (a) “Authority” means the Oregon Youth Authority.

      (b) “Department” means the Department of Human Services.

      (c) “Foster child” means:

      (A) A minor child under the custody or guardianship of the department by reason of appointment pursuant to ORS chapter 125, 419A, 419B or 419C;

      (B) A minor child under the physical custody of the department pursuant to a voluntary agreement with the parent under ORS 418.015 (1);

      (C) A minor child placed in a certified foster home, pending hearing, by any person authorized by the department to make that placement;

      (D) A person under 21 years of age who has been placed in an approved home that is receiving payment from the department under the provisions of ORS 418.027 or under the provisions of ORS 420.810 and 420.815; or

      (E) A child residing in a developmental disability child foster home certified under ORS 443.830 and 443.835.

      (d) “Youth offender” has the meaning given in ORS 419A.004. [1991 c.756 §2; 1993 c.33 §370; 1995 c.664 §76; 1997 c.130 §1; 1999 c.316 §6; 2001 c.900 §10; 2003 c.232 §1; 2005 c.374 §4]

 

      Note: 30.297 and 30.298 were added to and made a part of 30.260 to 30.300 by legislative action but were not added to any smaller series therein. See Preface to Oregon Revised Statutes for further explanation.

 

      30.298 Liability of certain state agencies to foster parents for injury or damage caused by foster child or youth offender; conditions; limitations. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Department of Human Services is liable, without regard to fault, for injury to the person of foster parents or damage to the property of foster parents caused by a foster child if the foster child is residing in:

      (a) A foster home that is maintained by the foster parents and that has been certified by the department under the provisions of ORS 418.625 to 418.645;

      (b) An approved home that is maintained by the foster parents and that is receiving payment from the department under the provisions of ORS 418.027 or under the provisions of ORS 420.810 and 420.815; or

      (c) A developmental disability child foster home that has been certified by the department under the provisions of ORS 443.830 and 443.835.

      (2) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the Oregon Youth Authority is liable, without regard to fault, for injury to the person of foster parents or damage to the property of foster parents caused by a youth offender if the youth offender resides in a youth offender foster home that is maintained by the foster parents and that has been certified by the authority under the provisions of ORS 420.888 to 420.892.

      (3) Except as otherwise provided in this section, the liability of the department and of the authority under this section is subject to the same requirements and limitations provided in ORS 30.260 to 30.300, and a claim under this section shall be treated as a claim for damages within the scope of ORS 30.260 to 30.300 for the purposes of ORS 278.120.

      (4) Notwithstanding ORS 30.260 to 30.300:

      (a) In no event shall the liability of the department or the authority under this section exceed $5,000 for any number of claims arising out of a single occurrence;

      (b) The liability of the department and the authority under this section is limited to economic damages, and in no event shall the department or the authority be liable for noneconomic damages;

      (c) The department and the authority are liable under this section only to the extent the loss is not covered by other insurance; and

      (d) No claim shall be allowed under this section unless written notice of the claim is delivered to the Oregon Department of Administrative Services within 90 days after the alleged loss or injury.

      (5) The department and the authority are not liable under this section for:

      (a) Damage to or destruction of currency, securities or any other intangible property;

      (b) The unexplained disappearance of any property; or

      (c) Loss or damage that is due to wear and tear, inherent vice or gradual deterioration.

      (6) In no event does the liability of the department or the authority under this section for damage to property exceed the difference between the fair market value of the property immediately before its damage or destruction and its fair market value immediately thereafter. The department and the authority are not liable for the costs of any betterments to the property that may be required by code, statute or other law as a condition of repair, replacement or reconstruction.

      (7) The liability imposed under this section is in addition to that imposed for the intentional torts of a foster child or youth offender under ORS 30.297, but any amounts paid under this section shall reduce any recovery that may be made under ORS 30.297.

      (8) For the purposes of this section:

      (a) “Authority” means the Oregon Youth Authority.

      (b) “Department” means the Department of Human Services.

      (c) “Economic damages” and “noneconomic damages” have those meanings given in ORS 31.710.

      (d) “Foster child” has that meaning given in ORS 30.297.

      (e) “Youth offender” has the meaning given in ORS 419A.004. [1991 c.756 §3; 1997 c.130 §2; 1999 c.316 §11; 2001 c.900 §11; 2003 c.232 §2; 2005 c.374 §5]

 

      Note: See note under 30.297.

 

      30.300 ORS 30.260 to 30.300 exclusive. ORS 30.260 to 30.300 are exclusive and supersede all home rule charter provisions and conflicting laws and ordinances on the same subject. [1967 c.627 §11]

(Certain Retired Physicians)

 

      30.302 Certain retired physicians to be considered agents of public bodies. (1) As used in this section, “retired physician” means any person:

      (a) Who holds a degree of Doctor of Medicine or Doctor of Osteopathy or has met the minimum educational requirements for licensure to practice naturopathic medicine;

      (b) Who has been licensed and is currently retired in accordance with the provisions of ORS chapter 677 or 685;

      (c) Who is registered with the Oregon Medical Board as a retired emeritus physician or who complies with the requirements of the Board of Naturopathic Examiners as a retired naturopath;

      (d) Who registers with the county health officer in the county in which the physician or naturopath practices; and

      (e) Who provides medical care as a volunteer without compensation solely through referrals from the county health officer specified in paragraph (d) of this subsection.

      (2) Any retired physician who treats patients pursuant to this section shall be considered to be an agent of a public body for the purposes of ORS 30.260 to 30.300. [1991 c.952 §1]

 

ACTIONS AND SUITS BY AND AGAINST GOVERNMENTAL UNITS AND OFFICIALS

 

      30.310 Actions and suits by governmental units. A suit or action may be maintained by the State of Oregon or any county, incorporated city, school district or other public corporation of like character in this state, in its corporate name, upon a cause of suit or action accruing to it in its corporate character, and not otherwise, in the following cases:

      (1) Upon a contract made with the public corporation.

      (2) Upon a liability prescribed by law in favor of the public corporation.

      (3) To recover a penalty or forfeiture given to the public corporation.

      (4) To recover damages for injury to the corporate rights or property of the public corporation.

 

      30.312 Actions by governmental units under federal antitrust laws. The State of Oregon, any city, county, school district, municipal or public corporation, political subdivision of the State of Oregon or any instrumentality thereof, or any agency created by two or more political subdivisions to provide themselves governmental services may bring an action in behalf of itself and others similarly situated for damages under section 4 of the Act of October 15, 1914, ch. 323, as amended prior to January 1, 1965 (38 Stat. 731, 15 U.S.C. 15). [1965 c.465 §1; 2005 c.22 §21]

 

      30.315 Proceedings by cities and counties to enforce ordinances and resolutions. (1) An incorporated city or any county may maintain civil proceedings in courts of this state against any person or property to enforce requirements or prohibitions of its ordinances or resolutions when it seeks:

      (a) To collect a fee or charge;

      (b) To enforce a forfeiture;

      (c) To require or enjoin the performance of an act affecting real property;

      (d) To enjoin continuance of a violation that has existed for 10 days or more; or

      (e) To enjoin further commission of a violation that otherwise may result in additional violations of the same or related penal provisions affecting the public morals, health or safety.

      (2) The remedies provided by this section are supplementary and in addition to those described in ORS 30.310.

      (3) Nothing in this section shall affect the limitations imposed on cities and counties by ORS 475A.010 (3) and (4). [1961 c.313 §2; 1963 c.338 §1; 1985 c.626 §1; 1989 c.882 §§1,2]

 

      30.320 Contract and other actions and suits against governmental units. A suit or action may be maintained against any county and against the State of Oregon by and through and in the name of the appropriate state agency upon a contract made by the county in its corporate character, or made by such agency and within the scope of its authority; provided, however, that no suit or action may be maintained against any county or the State of Oregon upon a contract relating to the care and maintenance of an inmate or patient of any county or state institution. An action or suit may be maintained against any other public corporation mentioned in ORS 30.310 for an injury to the rights of the plaintiff arising from some act or omission of such other public corporation within the scope of its authority. An action may be maintained against any governmental unit mentioned in ORS 30.310 for liability in tort only as provided in ORS 30.260 to 30.300. An action or suit to quiet title may be maintained against any governmental unit mentioned in ORS 30.310. [Amended by 1959 c.614 §1; 1969 c.429 §4; 1993 c.289 §1]

 

      30.330 Contracts of Department of Transportation providing for arbitration. The provisions of ORS 30.310 and 30.320 do not apply to contracts made by the Department of Transportation that provide for arbitration under the provisions of ORS 36.600 to 36.740. [Amended by 2003 c.598 §32]

 

      30.340 Title of proceedings by or against county; control of proceedings by county court. All actions, suits or proceedings by or against a county shall be in the name of the county, but the county is represented by the county court, which has the power to control the proceeding as if it were plaintiff or defendant, as the case may be.

      30.350 [Repealed by 1979 c.284 §199]

 

      30.360 Governmental unit as defendant in actions involving liens on realty. (1) In any suit, action or proceeding brought in any circuit court of this state, affecting the title to real property on which a governmental unit has, or claims to have, a lien, other than a suit, action or proceeding to foreclose tax liens or special improvement liens, the governmental unit may be made a party defendant, and its rights or interests adjudicated. When property has been or is acquired in the name of a governmental unit upon which there are valid, unpaid special improvement liens at the time of the acquisition, the governmental unit may be made a party defendant in a suit to foreclose the lien.

      (2) In any suit, action or proceeding brought in any circuit court of this state involving the title to real property where a governmental unit has record title to contested real property, the governmental unit may be made a party defendant, and its rights or interests adjudicated.

      (3) In no event shall any money judgment be rendered or recovery made against a governmental unit in any suit, action or proceeding brought under the provisions of this section.

      (4) For the purposes of this section, “governmental unit” means the State of Oregon or any county, incorporated city, school district or other public corporation of like character in this state. [Amended by 1959 c.586 §1; 1993 c.289 §2]

 

      30.370 Service of summons on Attorney General; content. In any suit, action or proceeding commenced under the provisions of ORS 30.360 to which the state is made a party, service of summons upon the state shall be made upon the Attorney General. In addition to other required content, any summons served pursuant to this section shall state the state agency involved in the suit, action or proceeding. [Amended by 1959 c.586 §2; 1979 c.284 §65]

 

      30.380 Action by assignee of claim for money illegally charged or exacted. No assignee of any claim against any county, city or municipal corporation of this state or any county, city or municipal officer in this state, for money claimed to have been illegally charged or exacted by such county, city or municipal corporation or such officer, except money collected as taxes or license, or money due on contract, shall have the right to institute or maintain any action or suit for the recovery thereof in any court in this state.

 

      30.390 Satisfaction of judgment against public corporation. If judgment is given for the recovery of money or damages against a public corporation mentioned in ORS 30.310, no execution shall issue thereon for the collection of such money or damages, but the judgment shall be satisfied as follows:

      (1) The party in whose favor the judgment is given may, at any time thereafter, when an execution might issue on a like judgment against a private person, present a certified copy of the judgment document, to the officer of the public corporation who is authorized to draw orders on the treasurer thereof.

      (2) On the presentation of the copy, the officer shall draw an order on the treasurer for the amount of the judgment, in favor of the party for whom the judgment was given. Thereafter, the order shall be presented for payment, and paid, with like effect and in like manner as other orders upon the treasurer of the public corporation.

      (3) The certified copy provided for in subsection (1) of this section shall not be furnished by the clerk, unless at the time an execution might issue on the judgment if the same was against a private person, nor until satisfaction of the judgment in respect to such money or damages is acknowledged as in ordinary cases. The clerk shall provide with the copy a memorandum of such acknowledgment of satisfaction and the entry thereof. Unless the memorandum is provided, no order upon the treasurer shall issue thereon. [Amended by 2003 c.576 §185]

 

      30.395 Settlement of certain claims against municipal corporations; manner of payment. (1) The governing body of any municipal corporation, as defined in ORS 297.405, may compromise, adjust and settle claims other than tort claims against the municipal corporation, its officers, employees or agents acting within the scope of their employment, and may, subject to procedural requirements imposed by law or charter, appropriate money for the payment of amounts agreed upon.

      (2) When a judgment is entered or a settlement is made pursuant to subsection (1) of this section, payment therefor may be made in the same manner as payment for tort claims under ORS 30.295. [1979 c.630 §2; 1987 c.396 §1]

 

      30.400 Actions by and against public officers in official capacity. An action may be maintained by or against any public officer in this state in an official character, when, as to such cause of action, the officer does not represent any of the public corporations mentioned in ORS 30.310, for any of the causes specified in such section and ORS 30.320. If judgment is given against the officer in such action, it may be enforced against the officer personally, and the amount thereof shall be allowed to the officer in the official accounts of the officer.

 

      30.402 [1991 c.847 §1; renumbered 17.095 in 2003]

 

INJUNCTIONS BY PUBLIC SERVANT OR PUBLIC SERVANT’S EMPLOYER

 

      30.405 Injunction for criminal conduct related to employment or status of public servant. (1) A public servant or the public servant’s employer may petition a circuit court for an order enjoining a person who engages in conduct that:

      (a) Is directed at the public servant;

      (b) Relates to the public servant’s employment or the public servant’s status as an elected or appointed public servant; and

      (c) Constitutes any of the following crimes:

      (A) Obstructing governmental or judicial administration under ORS 162.235.

      (B) Assault under ORS 163.160, 163.165, 163.175 or 163.185.

      (C) Menacing under ORS 163.190.

      (D) Criminal trespass in the first degree under ORS 164.255.

      (E) Disorderly conduct under ORS 166.025.

      (F) Harassment under ORS 166.065.

      (G) Telephonic harassment under ORS 166.090.

      (2) The petitioner has the burden of proof by a preponderance of the evidence under subsection (1) of this section. An order issued under this section is valid for one year after entry in the register of the court or until vacated by the court, whichever occurs first.

      (3) Contempt proceedings against a person who violates an order issued by a circuit court under subsection (1) of this section shall be as provided in ORS 33.055 or 33.065.

      (4) As used in this section, “public servant” has the meaning given that term in ORS 162.005. [2005 c.158 §1]

 

      Note: 30.405 and 30.407 were enacted into law by the Legislative Assembly but were not added to or made a part of ORS chapter 30 or any series therein by legislative action. See Preface to Oregon Revised Statutes for further explanation.

 

      30.407 Request for hearing following issuance of order under ORS 30.405. (1) A person against whom an order is issued under ORS 30.405 may file a request for hearing with the court that issued the order within 30 days after the order is served on the person. A request under this section shall be in writing, shall be signed by the person and shall include the printed name, telephone number and mailing address of the person.

      (2) Upon the filing of a request under this section, the clerk of the court shall mail a copy of the request to the petitioner in the matter and shall notify the petitioner and the person filing the request of the date and time set for the hearing. [2005 c.158 §2]

 

      Note: See note under 30.405.

 

RECOVERY OF FINES AND FORFEITURES

 

      30.410 In whose name action brought. Fines and forfeitures may be recovered by an action at law in the name of the officer or person to whom they are by law given, or in the name of the officer or person who by law is authorized to prosecute for them.

 

      30.420 Venue of action for forfeiture. Whenever, by law, any property is forfeited to the state, or to any officer for its use, the action for the recovery of such property may be commenced in any county where the defendant may be found, or where such property may be.

 

      30.430 Amount of penalty. When an action is commenced for a penalty, which by law is not to exceed a certain amount, the action may be commenced for that amount, and if judgment is given for the plaintiff, it may be for such amount or less, in the discretion of the court, in proportion to the offense.

 

      30.440 Judgment by collusion not a bar. A recovery of a judgment for a penalty or forfeiture by collusion between the plaintiff and defendant, with intent to save the defendant, wholly or partially, from the consequences contemplated by law, in case where the penalty or forfeiture is given wholly or partly to the person who prosecutes, shall not bar the recovery of the same by another person.

 

      30.450 Disposition of fines and forfeitures. Fines and forfeitures not specially granted or otherwise appropriated by ORS 137.017, or other law, when recovered, shall be paid into the treasury of the proper county. [Amended by 1981 s.s. c.3 §110; 1995 c.658 §27]

 

      30.460 Payment of fines or costs in proceeding to enforce county ordinance or resolution; defendant personally liable. When proceedings are conducted by county hearings officers to enforce requirements or prohibitions of county ordinances or resolutions, if fines or costs are not paid by a defendant within 60 days after payment is ordered, the defendant is personally liable to the county for the amount of the unpaid fines or costs. The county may file and record the order for payment in the County Clerk Lien Record. [1985 c.626 §3; 1999 c.1051 §241]

 

VOLUNTEERS TRANSPORTING OLDER PERSONS AND PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

 

      30.475 Legislative policy. In enacting ORS 30.480 and 30.485, the Legislative Assembly of the State of Oregon declares:

      (1) That many persons with disabilities and older persons, due to disability or age, cannot obtain medical, educational, recreational or other important services or benefits, or pursue daily life activities outside the home, such as shopping or socializing, without transportation and other necessary assistance;

      (2) That public resources are not adequate to provide dependable transportation to persons with disabilities and older persons, and that it is in the best interest of this state to encourage volunteers to provide transportation services to Oregon’s people with disabilities and older people;

      (3) That the threat or fear of personal liability arising from the provision of transportation services to persons with disabilities and older persons seriously discourages individuals from providing services on a volunteer basis;

      (4) That the policy of this state is to encourage volunteers to provide such transportation services; and

      (5) That, therefore, persons who qualify under ORS 30.480 must be protected from the threat of unlimited personal liability arising from the provision of volunteer transportation services, and that ORS 30.475 to 30.485 shall be liberally construed in favor of such persons in order to promote fully the foregoing policies. [1983 c.468 §1; 1989 c.224 §5; 2007 c.70 §9]

 

      30.480 Limitation on liability of volunteers; conditions. (1) When a provider of volunteer transportation services who is qualified under subsection (3) of this section provides the services under the conditions described in subsection (4) of this section to a person with a disability or a person who is 55 years of age or older, the liability of the provider to the person for injury, death or loss arising out of the volunteer transportation services shall be limited as provided in this section. When volunteer transportation services are provided to five or fewer persons at one time, the liability of the provider of the volunteer transportation services shall not exceed the greater of the amount of coverage under the terms of the provider’s motor vehicle liability insurance policy, as described in ORS 806.080, or the amounts specified in ORS 806.070 for future responsibility payments for:

      (a) Bodily injury to or death of any one person to whom the transportation services are provided, in any one accident.

      (b) Bodily injury to or death of two or more persons to whom the transportation services are provided, in any one accident.

      (c) Injury to or destruction of the property of one or more persons to whom the transportation services are provided, in any one accident.

      (2) Notwithstanding the amount specified in subsection (1)(b) of this section by reference to ORS 806.070, if a qualified provider of transportation services provides the services to more than five persons, but not more than 16, at one time who have disabilities or who are 55 years of age or older, under the conditions described in subsection (4) of this section, the liability under subsection (1)(b) of this section shall not exceed the greater of the amount of coverage under the terms of the provider’s motor vehicle liability insurance policy or $300,000. The limitations on liability provided by ORS 30.475, 30.480 and 30.485 do not apply when volunteer transportation services are provided to 17 or more persons at one time who have disabilities or who are 55 years of age or older.

      (3) The following persons qualify for the limitation on liability under subsections (1) and (2) of this section:

      (a) The person who provides or sponsors transportation services.

      (b) The owner of the vehicle in which transportation services are provided.

      (c) The person who operates the vehicle in which transportation services are provided.

      (4) The limitation on liability under subsections (1) and (2) of this section applies to a person qualified under subsection (3) of this section only under the following conditions:

      (a) If the person is an individual, the individual must hold a valid Oregon driver’s license.

      (b) The person must provide the transportation services on a nonprofit and voluntary basis. However, this paragraph does not prohibit a sponsor of transportation services from reimbursing an operator of a private motor vehicle providing the services for actual expenses incurred by the operator. If an operator is paid, that operator is qualified only if operating as an emergency operator.

      (c) The person providing the transportation services must not receive from the persons using the services any substantial benefit in a material or business sense that is a substantial motivating factor for the transportation. A contribution or donation to the provider of the transportation services other than the operator of the motor vehicle or any mere gratuity or social amenity shall not be a substantial benefit under this paragraph.

      (d) Except as provided in paragraph (c) of this subsection, the transportation services must be provided without charge to the person using the services.

      (5) The amounts received by a person with a disability or a person 55 years of age or older under the personal injury protection provisions of the insurance coverage of a person who qualifies for the limitation on liability under this section shall not reduce the amount that the person may recover under subsection (1) or (2) of this section.

      (6) The liability of two or more persons whose liability is limited under this section, on claims arising out of a single accident, shall not exceed in the aggregate the amounts limited by subsection (1) or (2) of this section.

      (7) This section does not apply in the case of an accident or injury if the accident or injury was intentional on the part of any person who provided the transportation services or if the accident or injury was caused by the person’s gross negligence or intoxication. For purposes of this subsection, gross negligence is negligence which is materially greater than the mere absence of reasonable care under the circumstances, and which is characterized by conscious indifference to or reckless disregard of the rights of others.

      (8) For purposes of this section, a person has a disability if the person has a physical or mental disability that for the person constitutes or results in a functional limitation to one or more of the following activities: Self-care, ambulation, communication, transportation, education, socialization or employment. [1983 c.468 §2; 1985 c.16 §443; 1987 c.915 §7; 1989 c.224 §6; 2007 c.70 §10]

 

      30.485 Apportionment of damages; insurance issues excluded from jury consideration. (1) If the amount awarded by a court to multiple claimants exceeds the total amount limited under ORS 30.480 (1) or (2), the court shall apportion a proper share of that total amount to each claimant to whom ORS 30.480 (1) or (2) applies.

      (2) If the amount settled upon by multiple claimants exceeds the total amount limited under ORS 30.480 (1) or (2), any party may apply to any circuit court to apportion a proper share of that total amount to each claimant to whom ORS 30.480 (1) or (2) applies.

      (3) The share apportioned under subsection (1) or (2) of this section to each claimant to whom ORS 30.480 (1) or (2) applies shall be in the proportion that the ratio of the award or settlement made to the claimant bears to the aggregate awards and settlements for all claims arising out of the occurrence that are made by all claimants to whom ORS 30.480 (1) or (2) applies.

      (4) Nothing in this section or ORS 30.480 authorizes the issues of insurance coverage or the amount of insurance coverage to be presented to a jury. [1983 c.468 §3]

 

VOLUNTEERS PROVIDING ASSISTANCE OR ADVICE IN RESPONSE TO DISCHARGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR RELATING TO COMPLIANCE WITH DISPOSAL LAWS

 

      30.490 Definitions for ORS 30.490 to 30.497. As used in ORS 30.490 to 30.497:

      (1) “Discharge” means any leakage, seepage or any other release of hazardous material.

      (2) “Hazardous material” means:

      (a) Hazardous waste as defined in ORS 466.005;

      (b) Hazardous substances as defined in ORS 453.005;

      (c) Radioactive waste as defined in ORS 469.300;

      (d) Uranium mine overburden or uranium mill tailings, mill wastes or mill by-product materials;

      (e) Radioactive substance as defined in ORS 453.005;

      (f) Any substance designated by the United States Department of Transportation as hazardous pursuant to the Hazardous Materials Transportation Act, 49 U.S.C. 5101 et seq., P.L. 93-633, as amended; and

      (g) Any substance that the Environmental Protection Agency designates as hazardous pursuant to:

      (A) The federal Toxic Substances Control Act, 15 U.S.C. 2601 to 2671; or

      (B) The federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. 6901 to 6992, P.L. 94-580, as amended.

      (3) “Person” means an individual, corporation, association, firm, partnership, joint stock company or state or local government agency. [1985 c.376 §1; 1991 c.480 §9; 2005 c.22 §22]

 

      30.492 Limitation on liability of volunteer providing assistance or advice related to mitigation or cleanup of discharge of hazardous material. (1) Except as provided in ORS 30.495 and 30.497, no person may maintain an action for damages against a person for voluntarily providing assistance or advice directly related to:

      (a) Mitigating or attempting to mitigate the effects of an actual or threatened discharge of hazardous material; or

      (b) Preventing, cleaning up or disposing of or in attempting to prevent, clean up or dispose of any discharge of hazardous material.

      (2) Except as provided in ORS 30.495 and 30.497, no state or local agency may assess a civil or criminal penalty against a person for voluntarily providing assistance or advice directly related to:

      (a) Mitigating or attempting to mitigate the effects of an actual or threatened discharge of hazardous material; or

      (b) Preventing, cleaning up or disposing of or in attempting to prevent, clean up or dispose of any discharge of hazardous material. [1985 c.376 §2]

 

      30.495 Exceptions to limitation. The immunity provided in ORS 30.492 shall not apply to any person:

      (1) Whose act or omission caused in whole or in part the actual or threatened discharge and who would otherwise be liable for the damages; or

      (2) Who receives compensation other than reimbursement for expenses for the person’s service in rendering such assistance or advice. [1985 c.376 §3]

 

      30.497 When limitation on liability not applicable. Nothing in ORS 30.492 shall be construed to limit or otherwise affect the liability of any person for damages resulting from the person’s gross negligence or from the person’s reckless, wanton or intentional misconduct. [1985 c.376 §4]

 

      30.500 Definitions for ORS 30.500 and 30.505. As used in this section and ORS 30.505:

      (1) “Generator” has the meaning given that term in ORS 466.005.

      (2) “Person” means an individual, corporation, association, firm, partnership, joint stock company or state or local government agency. [1987 c.332 §1]

 

      30.505 Limitation on liability of volunteer providing assistance relating to compliance with hazardous waste disposal laws; exceptions. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, no person may maintain an action for damages against a person who voluntarily provides assistance, training or advice to a generator directly related to procedures or actions the generator must take to comply with the requirements of state or federal hazardous waste disposal laws.

      (2) The immunity provided in subsection (1) of this section shall not apply to:

      (a) Any person whose act or omission caused in whole or in part the occurrence resulting in the damages for which the action is brought and who would otherwise be liable for the damages.

      (b) Any person who receives compensation other than reimbursement for expenses for the person’s service in providing such assistance, training or advice.

      (c) The liability of any person for damages resulting from the person’s gross negligence or from the person’s reckless, wanton or intentional misconduct.

      (d) Any activity for which a person is otherwise strictly liable without regard to fault. [1987 c.332 §2]

 

ACTIONS FOR USURPATION OF OFFICE OR FRANCHISE; TO ANNUL CORPORATE EXISTENCE; TO ANNUL LETTERS PATENT

 

      30.510 Action for usurpation of office or franchise, forfeiture of office or failure to incorporate. An action at law may be maintained in the name of the state, upon the information of the district attorney, or upon the relation of a private party against the person offending, in the following cases:

      (1) When any person usurps, intrudes into, or unlawfully holds or exercises any public office, civil or military, or any franchise within this state, or any office in a corporation either public or private, created or formed by or under the authority of this state; or,

      (2) When any public officer, civil or military, does or suffers an act which, by the provisions of law, makes a forfeiture of the office of the public officer; or,

      (3) When any association or number of persons acts within this state, as a corporation, without being duly incorporated.

 

      30.520 Joinder of defendants. Several persons may be joined as defendants in an action for the causes specified in ORS 30.510 (1), and in such action their respective rights to such office or franchise may be determined.

 

      30.530 Determining right of person claiming an office or franchise. Whenever an action is brought against a person for any of the causes specified in ORS 30.510 (1), the district attorney, in addition to the statement of the cause of action, may separately set forth in the complaint the name of the person rightfully entitled to the office or franchise, with a statement of the facts constituting the right of the person thereto. In such case, judgment may be given upon the right of the defendant, and also upon the right of the person so alleged to be entitled, or only upon the right of the defendant, as justice may require.

 

      30.540 Rights of person adjudged entitled to office or franchise. If judgment is given upon the right of and in favor of the person alleged in the complaint to be entitled to the office or franchise, the person shall be entitled to the possession and enjoyment of the franchise, or to take upon the person the execution of the office, after qualifying the person therefor as required by law, and to demand and receive the possession of all the books, papers and property belonging thereto.

 

      30.550 Action for damages. If judgment is given upon the right of and in favor of the person alleged in the complaint to be entitled to the office or franchise, the person may afterwards maintain an action to recover the damages which the person has sustained by reason of the premises. [Amended by 1973 c.836 §320; 1981 c.898 §35]

 

      30.560 Judgment against usurper; imposition of fine. When a defendant, whether a natural person or a corporation, against whom an action has been commenced for any of the causes specified in ORS 30.510 (1), is determined to be guilty of usurping, or intruding into, or unlawfully holding or exercising any office or franchise, judgment shall be given that such defendant be excluded therefrom. The court may also impose a fine upon the defendant not exceeding $2,000.

 

      30.570 Action to annul corporate existence on direction of Governor. An action may be maintained in the name of the state, whenever the Governor shall so direct, against a corporation either public or private, for the purpose of avoiding the Act of incorporation, or an Act renewing or modifying its corporate existence, on the ground that such Act was procured upon some fraudulent suggestion or concealment of a material fact by the persons incorporated, or some of them, or with their knowledge and consent; or for annulling the existence of a corporation formed under any general law of this state, on the ground that such incorporation, or any renewal or modification thereof, was procured in like manner.

 

      30.580 Action to annul corporate existence on leave of court. An action may be maintained in the name of the state against a corporation, other than a public one, on leave granted by the court or judge thereof where the action is triable, for the purpose of avoiding the charter or annulling the existence of such corporation, whenever it shall:

      (1) Offend against any of the provisions of an Act creating, renewing, or modifying such corporation, or the provisions of any general law under which it became incorporated;

      (2) Violate the provisions of any law, by which such corporation forfeits its charter, by abuse of its powers;

      (3) Whenever it has forfeited its privileges or franchises, by failure to exercise its powers;

      (4) Whenever it has done or omitted any act, which amounts to a surrender of its corporate rights, privileges and franchises; or,

      (5) Whenever it exercises a franchise or privilege not conferred upon it by law.

 

      30.590 Judgment against corporation. If it is determined that a corporation, against which an action has been commenced pursuant to ORS 30.570 or 30.580, has forfeited its corporate rights, privileges and franchises, judgment shall be given that the corporation be excluded therefrom, and that the corporation be dissolved.

 

      30.600 Action to annul letters patent. An action may be maintained in the name of the state for the purpose of vacating or annulling letters patent, issued by the state, against the person to whom the letters were issued, or those claiming under the person, as to the subject matter thereof, in the following cases:

      (1) When the letters patent were issued by means of some fraudulent suggestion or concealment of a material fact by the person to whom the letters were issued, or with the knowledge and consent of the person;

      (2) When the letters patent were issued through mistake or in ignorance of a material fact; or

      (3) When the patentee, or those claiming under the patentee, have done or omitted an act, in violation of the terms and conditions on which the letters patent were issued, or have by any other means forfeited the interest acquired under the letters. [Amended by 2001 c.104 §8]

 

      30.610 Prosecutor; verification of pleadings; affidavit for leave of court; relator as coplaintiff. The actions provided for in ORS 30.510 to 30.640 shall be commenced and prosecuted by the district attorney of the district where the same are triable. When the action is upon the relation of a private party, as allowed in ORS 30.510, the pleadings on behalf of the state shall be signed by the relator as if the relator were the plaintiff, or otherwise as provided in ORCP 17; in all other cases the pleadings shall be signed by the district attorney in like manner or otherwise as provided in ORCP 17. When an action can only be commenced by leave, as provided in ORS 30.580, the leave shall be granted when it appears by affidavit that the acts or omissions specified in that section have been done or suffered by the corporation. When an action is commenced on the information of a private person, as allowed in ORS 30.510, having an interest in the question, such person, for all the purposes of the action, and as to the effect of any judgment that may be given therein, shall be deemed a coplaintiff with the state. [Amended by 1979 c.284 §66]

 

      30.620 Duty of district attorney. When directed by the Governor, as prescribed in ORS 30.570, it shall be the duty of the district attorney to commence the action therein provided for accordingly. In all other actions provided for in ORS 30.510 to 30.640 it shall be the duty of the proper district attorney to commence such action, upon leave given where leave is required, in every case of public interest, whenever the district attorney has reason to believe that a cause of action exists and can be proven, and also for like reasons in every case of private interest only in which satisfactory security is given to the state to indemnify it against the costs and expenses that may be incurred thereby.

 

      30.630 Filing copy of judgment with Secretary of State. If judgment is given against a corporation, the effect of which is that the corporation ceases to exist, or whereby any letters patent are determined to be vacated or annulled, it shall be the duty of the district attorney to cause a copy of the judgment to be filed with the Secretary of State. [Amended by 1991 c.111 §3]

 

      30.640 Enforcement of judgment. A judgment given in any action provided for in ORS 30.510 to 30.640, in respect to costs and disbursements, may be enforced by execution as a judgment which requires the payment of money. [Amended by 1981 c.898 §36]

 

ACTIONS AGAINST PUBLIC BODY BY INMATES

 

      30.642 Definitions for ORS 30.642 to 30.650. As used in ORS 30.642 to 30.650:

      (1) “Action against a public body” means a civil action, appeal or petition for review that names as a defendant a public body, as defined in ORS 30.260, or names as a defendant any officer, employee or agent of a public body, as defined in ORS 30.260. “Action against a public body” does not include petitions for writs of habeas corpus, petitions for writs of mandamus and petitions for post-conviction relief under ORS 138.510 to 138.680.

      (2) “Correctional facility” means a Department of Corrections institution or a jail.

      (3) “Inmate” means any person incarcerated or detained in any correctional facility who is accused of, convicted of or sentenced for a violation of criminal law or for the violation of the terms and conditions of pretrial release, probation, parole, post-prison supervision or diversion program. [1999 c.657 §1]

 

      30.643 Waiver or deferral of fees and costs in action against public body by inmate. (1) If an inmate seeks to file an action against a public body, the fees and court costs of the inmate may be waived or deferred only in the manner provided by this section.

      (2) Any inmate seeking waiver or deferral of fees or court costs must submit with the application for waiver or deferral a certified copy of the inmate’s trust account statement for the six-month period immediately preceding the filing of the complaint, petition, notice of appeal or petition for review. The statement must be certified as correct by an official of each correctional facility in which the inmate was confined within the six-month period or by an employee of the Department of Corrections charged with the responsibility of overseeing inmate trust accounts.

      (3) Upon the filing of a statement under subsection (2) of this section, the court shall review the information in the statement relating to deposits in the inmate’s trust account and any other resources available to the inmate. The court may only waive the inmate’s fees and court costs if the court determines that the inmate has no funds and will not have funds.

      (4) If the court makes a determination that an inmate has or will have funds to pay fees and court costs, the court shall require full payment of the filing fees and court costs, or, if funds are not immediately available in the inmate’s trust account, shall assess and collect filing fees and court costs as funds become available in the inmate’s trust account.

      (5) On its own motion or on the motion of the public body, the court may review the pleadings of the inmate in an action against a public body at the time a request for waiver or deferral of filing fees or court costs is made. If the court finds that the pleadings fail to state a claim for which relief may be granted, the court may decline to waive or defer filing fees or court costs. The court shall enter a denial of waiver or deferral of fees and costs under this subsection as a limited judgment. Notwithstanding the time established by statute for the commencement of an action, if a limited judgment is entered under this subsection within 30 days of the expiration of the time allowed for commencing the action, the inmate may commence the action not later than 45 days after the judgment is entered. Only one extension of the time allowed for commencing an action may be granted by the court under this section.

      (6) Nothing in this section shall be construed as preventing an inmate from bringing an action against a public body because the inmate has no assets or means by which to pay the initial partial filing fee as provided under this section. [1999 c.657 §2; 2005 c.530 §1; 2007 c.493 §11]

 

      30.645 Waiver or deferral of fees after three dismissals of action. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, the court may not waive or defer an inmate’s fees or court costs under ORS 30.643 if the inmate has, on three or more prior occasions while incarcerated or detained in any correctional facility, filed an action against a public body in a court of this state that was dismissed on the grounds that the action:

      (a) Was frivolous or malicious;

      (b) Failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted; or

      (c) Sought monetary relief from a defendant who is immune from a claim for monetary relief.

      (2) The court may waive or defer fees or court costs of an inmate who would not otherwise be eligible for waiver or deferral under subsection (1) of this section if the inmate establishes in the application for waiver or deferral that the inmate is in imminent danger of serious physical injury and the action against a public body is needed to seek relief from that danger. [1999 c.657 §3; 2007 c.493 §12]

 

      30.646 Payment of costs under judgment against inmate. (1) If an inmate files an action against a public body and a judgment is entered that requires the inmate to pay costs to the public body, the inmate must pay the full amount of the costs ordered.

      (2) Payment for costs under this section shall be made by deductions from the income credited to the inmate’s trust account. [1999 c.657 §4]

 

      30.647 Dismissal of inmate action during proceedings. (1) If fees or court costs of an inmate have been waived or deferred under ORS 30.643, a court shall dismiss the case if at any time the court determines that the inmate was in fact able to pay fees and court costs at the time the application for waiver or deferral was made under ORS 21.680 to 21.698.

      (2) If an inmate’s fees or court costs have been waived or deferred under ORS 30.643, a court shall dismiss the case if at any time the court determines that each claim in the action, petition or appeal:

      (a) Is frivolous or malicious;

      (b) Fails to state a claim upon which relief may be granted, and the court denies leave to amend; or

      (c) Seeks monetary relief against a defendant who is immune from a claim for monetary relief.

      (3) Upon appeal of any dismissal under this section, the Court of Appeals on its own motion, or on the motion of the respondent, may summarily affirm the judgment of the trial court, with or without submission of briefs and without oral argument, if the Court of Appeals determines that the appeal does not present a substantial question of law. Notwithstanding ORS 2.570, the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals may deny a respondent’s motion for summary affirmance under this subsection or may grant the motion if the petitioner does not oppose the motion. A dismissal of an appeal under this subsection constitutes a decision on the merits of the case. [1999 c.657 §5; 2007 c.493 §13]

 

      30.650 Award of noneconomic damages in inmate action. Noneconomic damages, as defined in ORS 31.710, may not be awarded to an inmate in an action against a public body unless the inmate has established that the inmate suffered economic damages, as defined in ORS 31.710. [1999 c.657 §6]

 

ACTIONS BASED ON COMPUTER DATE FAILURE

 

      30.655 Definitions for ORS 30.655 to 30.665. As used in ORS 30.655 to 30.665:

      (1) “Computer” means an electronic, magnetic, optical electrochemical or other high-speed data processing device that performs logical, arithmetic or memory functions by the manipulations of electronic or magnetic impulses and includes all input, output, processing, storage or communication facilities that are connected or related to the device. “Computer” includes a component of a computer, such as a microprocessor, memory chip, storage device or input or output device.

      (2) “Computer date failure” means:

      (a) The inability of a computer product or computer service to properly handle or process dates of calendar year 1999 or subsequent years; or

      (b) An incompatibility between:

      (A) A computer product or computer service; and

      (B) Any other product, service or electronic data in any form, with respect to the handling or processing of dates of calendar year 1999 or subsequent years.

      (3) “Computer network” means the interconnection of two or more computers or computer systems by satellite, microwave, line or other communication medium with the capability to transmit information among the computers.

      (4) “Computer product” includes a computer, computer network, computer program, computer software, computer system or any component of any of those items.

      (5) “Computer program” means an ordered set of data representing coded instructions or statements that when executed by a computer causes the computer to process data or perform specific functions.

      (6) “Computer service” means the product of the use of a computer, the information stored in the computer or the personnel supporting the computer, including time, data processing and storage functions.

      (7) “Computer software” means a set of computer programs, procedures and associated documentation related to the operation of a computer, computer system or computer network.

      (8) “Computer system” means any combination of a computer or computer network with the documentation, computer software or physical facilities supporting the computer or computer network. [1999 c.810 §1]

 

      30.656 Action for computer date failure. (1) A person may not bring an action for damages caused by a computer date failure unless the complaint in the action alleges with specificity a material defect in a computer product that caused the computer date failure and that caused the damages that are alleged to have resulted from the computer date failure.

      (2) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an action for damages caused by a computer date failure may not be brought by any person later than two years from the date that the person discovered, or in the exercise of reasonable diligence should have discovered, that the computer product or computer service had experienced a computer date failure.

      (3) Except as provided in subsection (4) of this section, a person must bring an action against a manufacturer or seller of a computer product or computer service for damages caused by a computer date failure no later than eight years after the product or the service was first purchased for use or consumption in this state. This subsection does not apply to a manufacturer or seller that expressly warranted that the product would not experience a computer date failure.

      (4) If a manufacturer or seller of an item that contains a computer product expressly warranted to a person that the item had a useful safe life longer than eight years, the person must bring an action against the manufacturer or seller for damages caused by a computer date failure before the end of the time period warranted by the manufacturer or seller as the useful safe life of the item. [1999 c.810 §2]

 

      30.658 Opportunity to cure. (1) Before a claimant may commence an action against a person for damages caused by a computer date failure, the claimant must notify the person of the failure, describe the failure and provide the person a reasonable opportunity to cure the failure or to make restitution.

      (2) A person given notice under this section must be provided with at least three months to cure the failure or to make restitution.

      (3) If a claimant commences an action against a defendant for harm caused by a computer date failure without providing the defendant an opportunity to cure the failure or to make restitution, the court shall dismiss the action. [1999 c.810 §3]

 

      30.660 Affirmative defense; notice and repair. (1) It is an affirmative defense to civil liability for damages caused by a computer date failure that:

      (a) The defendant notified buyers of the computer product or computer service that the product or service may experience a computer date failure;

      (b) The defendant offered to repair, replace or upgrade the product or service, or the component that would experience the computer date failure, at no cost to the buyer other than reasonable and customary charges for shipping, handling and installing the items needed to repair, replace or upgrade the product, service or component; and

      (c) The tendered repair, replacement or upgrade would have avoided the harm caused by the computer date failure.

      (2) The notice issued under subsection (1) of this section must:

      (a) Identify the product, service or component supplied by the defendant that could experience a computer date failure; and

      (b) Explain how the buyer may repair, replace or upgrade the product, service or component if repair, replacement or upgrade is available.

      (3) Notice under subsection (1) of this section must be sent or published at least three months before the date of the computer date failure and not more than three years before that date.

      (4) A defendant meets the requirement of notice under subsection (1) of this section if the defendant:

      (a) Timely delivers the notice to the claimant;

      (b) Timely sends the notice to all registered buyers by mail, courier, electronic mail or fax to the last known address or fax number provided by the buyer; or

      (c) Timely publishes the notice on the defendant’s Internet site, if the defendant has a site. [1999 c.810 §4]

 

      30.661 Affirmative defense; reliance. (1) In an action for fraud, misrepresentation, breach of warranty or other similar action based on the alleged falsity or misleading character of a statement relating to the susceptibility of a computer product, computer service or component to computer date failure, it is an affirmative defense to liability for harm caused by a computer date failure that the defendant:

      (a) Relied on the representation or express warranty of a vendor or supplier of the computer product or computer service who is independent of the defendant that the product, service or component would not experience a computer date failure; and

      (b) The defendant did not have actual knowledge that the representation or warranty was not true.

      (2) For the purposes of subsection (1)(a) of this section, a representation by a vendor or supplier of the computer product, computer service or component that a product, service or component is “Year 2000 Compliant” or “Millennium Bug Free” or complies with a computer date standard established by a state or federal regulatory agency or a national or international service organization, or any similar representation, satisfies the condition of a representation or express warranty. [1999 c.810 §5]

 

      30.662 Affirmative defense; compliance testing. (1) It is an affirmative defense to civil liability for harm caused by a computer date failure of a computer product or computer service that:

      (a) The defendant examined the product or service to determine if it would experience a computer date failure;

      (b) The defendant repaired, replaced or upgraded the product or service, or a component of the product or service, identified in the examination as subject to computer date failure;

      (c) The defendant tested the product or service, or the component of the product or service, after it was repaired to determine if it would experience a computer date failure; and

      (d) The product or service successfully passed the test.

      (2) A defendant may satisfy all or part of the requirements of this section through an independent contractor. [1999 c.810 §6]

 

      30.664 Punitive damages. In an action to recover damages for harm caused by a computer date failure, a court may award punitive damages against a defendant only if the claimant proves by clear and convincing evidence that the defendant acted fraudulently or with malice. [1999 c.810 §8]

 

      30.665 Applicability. (1) Except as provided in this section, ORS 30.655 to 30.665 apply to any action in which a claimant seeks recovery of damages for harm caused by a computer date failure, regardless of the legal theory or statute on which the action is based, including an action based in tort, contract or breach of an express or implied warranty. ORS 30.655 to 30.665 also apply to any action based on an alleged failure to properly detect, disclose, prevent, report or remedy a computer date failure.

      (2) ORS 30.655 to 30.665 do not apply to any action to collect workers’ compensation benefits under the workers’ compensation laws of this state.

      (3) ORS 30.655 to 30.665 do not create any duty or any cause of action.

      (4) ORS 30.655 to 30.665 shall not be construed to limit or restrict the right of parties to enter into written agreements on the issues of liability and damages for a computer date failure. ORS 30.655 to 30.665 do not limit the right of parties to recover damages in accordance with the terms of written agreements.

      (5) ORS 30.655 to 30.665 do not affect the rights or obligations of parties under a contract of insurance. [1999 c.810 §9]

 

      30.670 [1953 c.495 §1; 1973 c.714 §1; 2001 c.621 §16; renumbered 659A.403 in 2001]

 

      30.675 [1953 c.495 §2; 1957 c.724 §1; 1961 c.247 §1; 1973 c.714 §2; renumbered 659A.400 in 2001]

 

      30.680 [Amended by 1953 c.495 §3; 1957 c.724 §2; 1973 c.714 §3; 1981 c.897 §7; 1995 c.618 §24; repealed by 2001 c.621 §90]

 

      30.685 [1973 c.714 §14; 2001 c.621 §17; renumbered 659A.406 in 2001]

 

ACTIONS ARISING OUT OF EQUINE ACTIVITIES

 

      30.687 Definitions for ORS 30.687 to 30.697. For the purposes of ORS 30.687 to 30.697:

      (1) “Equine” means a horse, pony, mule, donkey or hinny.

      (2) “Equine activity” means:

      (a) Equine shows, fairs, competitions, performances or parades that involve any or all breeds of equines and any of the equine disciplines including, but not limited to, dressage, hunter and jumper horse shows, grand prix jumping, three-day events, combined training, rodeos, driving, pulling, cutting, polo, steeplechasing, endurance trail riding and western games and hunting;

      (b) Equine training, grooming, breeding and teaching activities;

      (c) Boarding equines;

      (d) Riding, inspecting or evaluating an equine belonging to another whether or not the owner has received some monetary consideration or other thing of value for the use of the equine or is permitting a prospective purchaser of the equine to ride, inspect or evaluate the equine; and

      (e) Rides, trips, hunts or other equine activities of any type however informal or impromptu that are sponsored by an equine activity sponsor.

      (3) “Equine activity sponsor” means an individual, group or club, partnership or corporation, whether or not the sponsor is operating for profit or nonprofit, that sponsors, organizes or provides the facilities for an equine activity, including but not limited to pony clubs, 4-H clubs, hunt clubs, riding clubs, school and college sponsored classes and programs, therapeutic riding programs and operators, instructors, and promoters of equine facilities, including but not limited to stables, clubhouses, pony ride strings, fairs and arenas at which the activity is held.

      (4) “Equine professional” means a person engaged for compensation:

      (a) In instructing a participant or renting to a participant an equine for the purpose of riding, training, driving, grooming or being a passenger upon the equine; or

      (b) In renting equipment or tack to a participant.

      (5) “Participant” means any person, whether amateur or professional, who directly engages in an equine activity, whether or not a fee is paid to participate in the equine activity. “Participant” does not include a spectator at an equine activity or a person who participates in the equine activity but does not ride, train, drive, groom or ride as a passenger upon an equine. [1991 c.864 §2; 1995 c.211 §2]

 

      30.689 Policy. (1) It is the purpose of ORS 30.687 to 30.697 to assist courts and juries to define the circumstances under which those persons responsible for equines may and may not be liable for damages to other persons harmed in the course of equine activities.

      (2) It is the policy of the State of Oregon that no person shall be liable for damages sustained by another solely as a result of risks inherent in equine activity, insofar as those risks are, or should be, reasonably obvious, expected or necessary to the person injured.

      (3) It is the policy of the State of Oregon that persons responsible for equines, or responsible for the safety of those persons engaged in equine activities, who are negligent and cause foreseeable injury to a person engaged in those activities, bear responsibility for that injury in accordance with other applicable law. [1991 c.864 §1]

 

      30.691 Limitations on liability; exceptions. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section and in ORS 30.693, an equine activity sponsor or an equine professional shall not be liable for an injury to or the death of a participant arising out of riding, training, driving, grooming or riding as a passenger upon an equine and, except as provided in subsection (2) of this section and ORS 30.693, no participant or participant’s representative may maintain an action against or recover from an equine activity sponsor or an equine professional for an injury to or the death of a participant arising out of riding, training, driving, grooming or riding as a passenger upon an equine.

      (2)(a) The provisions of ORS 30.687 to 30.697 do not apply to any injury or death arising out of a race as defined in ORS 462.010.

      (b) Nothing in subsection (1) of this section shall limit the liability of an equine activity sponsor or an equine professional:

      (A) If the equine activity sponsor or the equine professional commits an act or omission that constitutes willful or wanton disregard for the safety of the participant and that act or omission caused the injury;

      (B) If the equine activity sponsor or the equine professional intentionally injures the participant;

      (C) Under the products liability provisions of ORS 30.900 to 30.920; or

      (D) Under ORS 30.820 or 608.015. [1991 c.864 §3]

 

      30.693 Additional exceptions to limitations on liability; effect of written release. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, nothing in ORS 30.691 shall limit the liability of an equine activity sponsor or an equine professional if the equine activity sponsor or the equine professional:

      (a) Provided the equipment or tack, failed to make reasonable and prudent inspection of the equipment or tack, and that failure was a cause of the injury to the participant;

      (b) Provided the equine and failed to make reasonable and prudent efforts to determine the ability of the participant to safely ride, train, drive, groom or ride as a passenger upon an equine, to determine the ability of the equine to behave safely with the participant and to determine the ability of the participant to safely manage the particular equine; or

      (c) Owns, leases, rents or otherwise is in lawful possession and control of the land or facilities upon which the participant sustained injuries because of a dangerous latent condition which was known to or should have been known to the equine activity sponsor or the equine professional and for which warning signs have not been conspicuously posted.

      (2) The limitations on liability provided in ORS 30.691 shall apply to an adult participant in the circumstances listed in subsection (1)(b) of this section if the participant, prior to riding, training, driving, grooming or riding as a passenger upon an equine, knowingly executes a release stating that as a condition of participation, the participant waives the right to bring an action against the equine professional or equine activity sponsor for any injury or death arising out of riding, training, driving, grooming or riding as a passenger upon the equine. A release so executed shall be binding upon the adult participant, and no equine professional or equine activity sponsor shall be liable in the circumstances described in subsection (1)(b) of this section except as provided in ORS 30.691 (2). [1991 c.864 §4]

 

      30.695 Effect of written release on liability of veterinarian or farrier. (1) No veterinarian or farrier shall be liable to any person who assists the veterinarian or farrier in rendering veterinarian or farrier services to an equine if the person, prior to assisting the veterinarian or farrier, executes a release stating that the person rendering assistance waives the right to bring an action against the veterinarian or farrier for any injury or death arising out of assisting in the provision of veterinarian or farrier services. A release so executed shall be enforceable regardless of lack of consideration.

      (2) A release executed pursuant to this section shall not limit the liability of a veterinarian or farrier for gross negligence or intentional misconduct. [1991 c.864 §5]

 

      30.697 Effect on workers’ compensation benefits. Nothing in ORS 30.687 to 30.695 shall affect the right of any person to any workers’ compensation benefits that may be payable by reason of death, injury or other loss. [1991 c.864 §6]

 

      30.698 [Formerly 30.085; renumbered 31.180 in 2003]

 

MISCELLANEOUS ACTIONS

 

      30.700 [1981 c.670 §§1,2; repealed by 1997 c.182 §1 (30.701 enacted in lieu of 30.700)]

 

      30.701 Actions against maker of dishonored check; statutory damages and attorney fees; handling fee. (1) In any action against a maker of a dishonored check, a payee may recover from the maker statutory damages in an amount equal to $100 or triple the amount for which the check is drawn, whichever is greater. Statutory damages awarded under this subsection are in addition to the amount for which the check was drawn and may not exceed by more than $500 the amount for which the check was drawn. The court shall allow reasonable attorney fees at trial and on appeal to the prevailing party in an action on a dishonored check and in any action on a check that is not paid because payment has been stopped.

      (2) Statutory damages and attorney fees under subsection (1) of this section may be awarded only if the payee made written demand of the maker of the check not less than 30 days before commencing the action and the maker failed to tender to the payee before the commencement of the action an amount of money not less than the amount for which the check was drawn, all interest that has accrued on the check under ORS 82.010 as of the date of demand and any charges imposed under subsection (5) of this section.

      (3) Statutory damages under subsection (1) of this section shall not be awarded by the court if after the commencement of the action but before trial the defendant tenders to the plaintiff an amount of money equal to the amount for which the check was drawn, all interest that has accrued on the check under ORS 82.010 as of the date of payment, any charges imposed under subsection (5) of this section, costs and disbursements and the plaintiff’s reasonable attorney fees incurred as of the date of the tender.

      (4) If the court or jury determines that the failure of the defendant to satisfy the dishonored check at the time demand was made under subsection (2) of this section was due to economic hardship, the court or jury has the discretion to waive all or part of the statutory damages provided for in subsection (1) of this section. If all or part of the statutory damages are waived under this subsection, judgment shall be entered in favor of the plaintiff for the amount of the dishonored check, all interest that has accrued on the check under ORS 82.010, any charges imposed under subsection (5) of this section, the plaintiff’s reasonable attorney fees and costs and disbursements.

      (5) If a check is dishonored, the payee may collect from the maker a reasonable fee representing the cost of handling and collecting on the check. The total fee for any single check may not exceed $25. Any award of statutory damages under subsection (1) of this section must be reduced by the amount of any charges imposed under this subsection that have been paid by the maker or that are entered as part of the judgment.

      (6) The provisions of this section apply only to a check that has been dishonored because of a lack of funds or credit to pay the check, because the maker has no account with the drawee or because the maker has stopped payment on the check without good cause. A plaintiff is entitled to the remedies provided by this section without regard to the reasons given by the drawee for dishonoring the check.

      (7) For the purposes of this section:

      (a) “Check” means a check, draft or order for the payment of money.

      (b) “Drawee” has that meaning given in ORS 73.0103.

      (c) “Payee” means a payee, holder or assignee of a check. [1997 c.182 §2 (enacted in lieu of 30.700); 1999 c.707 §1]

 

      30.710 [Amended by 1961 c.344 §103; repealed by 1973 c.640 §1]

 

      30.715 Successive actions or suits. Successive actions or suits may be maintained upon the same contract or transaction, whenever, after the former action or suit, a new cause of action or suit arises therefrom. [Formerly 11.030]

 

      30.720 [Repealed by 1973 c.640 §1; amended by 1973 c.823 §§88,155]

 

      30.725 [Repealed by 1974 c.36 §28]

 

      30.730 [Repealed by 1979 c.801 §4]

 

      30.740 Right of gambling loser to recover double losses. All persons losing money or anything of value at or on any unlawful game described in ORS 167.117, 167.122 and 167.127 shall have a cause of action to recover from the dealer winning the same, or proprietor for whose benefit such game was played or dealt, or such money or thing of value won, twice the amount of the money or double the value of the thing so lost. [Amended by 1971 c.743 §308; 1977 c.850 §4]

 

      30.750 Liability of abstractors. Any person who, after May 24, 1923, certifies to any abstract of title to any land in Oregon, shall be liable for all damages sustained by any person who, in reliance on the correctness thereof, acts thereon with reference to the title of such land, and is damaged in consequence of any errors, omissions or defects therein, regardless of whether the abstract of title was ordered by the person so damaged. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent the maker of any abstract of title to land from limiting in the certificate to the abstract the liability of the maker thereunder to any person named in such certificate, but such limitation of liability must be expressly set forth in the certificate.

 

      30.760 [Amended by 1953 c.565 §2; renumbered 30.150]

 

      30.765 Liability of parents for tort by child; effect on foster parents. (1) In addition to any other remedy provided by law, the parent or parents of an unemancipated minor child shall be liable for actual damages to person or property caused by any tort intentionally or recklessly committed by such child. However, a parent who is not entitled to legal custody of the minor child at the time of the intentional or reckless tort shall not be liable for such damages.

      (2) The legal obligation of the parent or parents of an unemancipated minor child to pay damages under this section shall be limited to not more than $7,500, payable to the same claimant, for one or more acts.

      (3) When an action is brought under this section on parental responsibility for acts of their children, the parents shall be named as defendants therein and, in addition, the minor child shall be named as a defendant. The filing of an answer by the parents shall remove any requirement that a guardian ad litem be required.

      (4) Nothing in subsections (1) to (3) of this section applies to foster parents. [1975 c.712 §§1,4; 1977 c.419 §1; 1991 c.968 §5]

 

      30.770 [1959 c.310 §1; 1965 c.587 §1; 1973 c.827 §8; repealed by 1975 c.712 §5]

 

      30.780 Liability for damages caused by gambling. Any person violating ORS 167.108 to 167.164 shall be liable in a civil suit for all damages occasioned thereby. [1959 c.681 §3; 1971 c.743 §309]

 

      30.785 Liability of construction design professional for injuries resulting from failure of employer to comply with safety standards. (1) A construction design professional who is retained to perform professional services on a construction project, or an employee of the construction design professional in the performance of professional services on the construction project, shall not be liable for any injury to a worker on the construction project that is a compensable injury under ORS chapter 656 and that results from the failure of the employer of the worker to comply with safety standards on the construction project unless the construction design professional by contract specifically assumes responsibility for compliance with those safety standards. The immunity provided by this section to a construction design professional shall not apply to the negligent preparation of design plans or specifications.

      (2) As used in this section, “construction design professional” means an architect, registered landscape architect, professional engineer or professional land surveyor. [1987 c.915 §12]

 

      30.788 Liability of architect, engineer, inspector or building evaluator for emergency relief services. (1) An action for damages arising out of the practice of architecture, as defined in ORS 671.010, may not be maintained by any person against an architect for services rendered by the architect under the provisions of this section.

      (2) An action for damages arising out of the practice of engineering, as described in ORS 672.007, may not be maintained by any person against an engineer for structural engineering services rendered by the engineer under the provisions of this section.

      (3) An action for damages arising out of the provision of building code inspections, plan reviews or post-disaster building evaluations may not be maintained by any person against a certified inspector or certified building evaluator if the inspector or building evaluator is providing building code inspections, plan reviews or post-disaster building evaluations under the provisions of this section and the inspector or building evaluator is operating within the scope of the certification.

      (4) The immunity provided by this section applies only to services that meet all of the following requirements:

      (a) The services are rendered without compensation.

      (b) The services are rendered within 60 days after the Governor declares a state of emergency under the provisions of ORS 401.055.

      (c) The services are rendered to assist in relief efforts arising out of the emergency giving rise to the declaration of emergency.

      (5) This section does not affect the liability of any architect, engineer, inspector or building evaluator for gross negligence or intentional torts.

      (6) The immunity provided by this section applies only to:

      (a) Inspectors certified under ORS 455.715 to 455.740;

      (b) Building evaluators certified for post-disaster building evaluation by the Department of Consumer and Business Services;

      (c) Architects who are licensed under ORS 671.010 to 671.220;

      (d) Engineers who are licensed under ORS 672.002 to 672.325; and

      (e) Architects and engineers who are licensed under the laws of another state. [1995 c.616 §1]

 

      30.790 [1963 c.524 §§1,2; repealed by 1971 c.780 §7]

 

      30.792 Liability of health care provider or health clinic for volunteer services to charitable corporations. (1) As used in this section:

      (a) “Charitable corporation” has the meaning given that term in ORS 128.620.

      (b) “Health care provider” means any person licensed in this state as a practitioner of one or more healing arts as described in ORS 31.740.

      (c) “Health clinic” means a public health clinic or a health clinic operated by a charitable corporation that provides primarily primary physical health, dental or mental health services to low-income patients without charge or using a sliding fee scale based on the income of the patient.

      (2) Except as provided in subsection (3) of this section, no person may maintain an action for damages against:

      (a) A health care provider who voluntarily provides to a charitable corporation any assistance, services or advice directly related to the charitable purposes of the corporation if the assistance, services or advice are within the scope of the license of the health care provider; or

      (b) A health clinic for the assistance, services or advice provided by a health care provider described in paragraph (a) of this subsection.

      (3) The immunity provided in this section shall not apply to:

      (a) Any person who receives compensation other than reimbursement for expenses incurred by the person providing such assistance, services or advice.

      (b) The liability of any person for damages resulting from the person’s gross negligence or from the person’s reckless, wanton or intentional misconduct.

      (c) Any activity for which a person is otherwise strictly liable without regard to fault. [1995 c.616 §2; 2005 c.362 §2]

 

      30.795 [1981 c.690 §2; 1985 c.530 §4; repealed by 1993 c.196 §12]

 

      30.800 Liability for emergency medical assistance. (1) As used in this section, “emergency medical assistance” means:

      (a) Medical or dental care not provided in a place where emergency medical or dental care is regularly available, including but not limited to a hospital, industrial first-aid station or a physician’s or dentist’s office, given voluntarily and without the expectation of compensation to an injured person who is in need of immediate medical or dental care and under emergency circumstances that suggest that the giving of assistance is the only alternative to death or serious physical after effects; or

      (b) Medical care provided voluntarily in good faith and without expectation of compensation by a physician licensed by the Oregon Medical Board in the physician’s professional capacity as a team physician at a public or private school or college athletic event or as a volunteer physician at other athletic events.

      (2) No person may maintain an action for damages for injury, death or loss that results from acts or omissions of a person while rendering emergency medical assistance unless it is alleged and proved by the complaining party that the person was grossly negligent in rendering the emergency medical assistance.

      (3) The giving of emergency medical assistance by a person does not, of itself, establish the relationship of physician and patient, dentist and patient or nurse and patient between the person giving the assistance and the person receiving the assistance insofar as the relationship carries with it any duty to provide or arrange for further medical care for the injured person after the giving of emergency medical assistance. [1967 c.266 §§1,2; 1973 c.635 §1; 1979 c.576 §1; 1979 c.731 §1; 1983 c.771 §1; 1983 c.779 §1; 1985 c.428 §1; 1989 c.782 §35; 1997 c.242 §1; 1997 c.751 §11]

 

      30.801 [1999 c.220 §1; repealed by 2005 c.551 §8]

 

      30.802 Liability for use of automated external defibrillator. (1) As used in this section:

      (a) “Automated external defibrillator” means an automated external defibrillator approved for sale by the federal Food and Drug Administration.

      (b) “Public setting” means a location that is:

      (A) Accessible to members of the general public, employees, visitors and guests, but that is not a private residence;

      (B) A public school facility as defined in ORS 327.365; or

      (C) A health club as defined in ORS 431.680.

      (2) A person may not bring a cause of action against another person for damages for injury, death or loss that result from acts or omissions involving the use, attempted use or nonuse of an automated external defibrillator when the other person:

      (a) Used or attempted to use an automated external defibrillator;

      (b) Was present when an automated external defibrillator was used or should have been used;

      (c) Provided training in the use of an automated external defibrillator;

      (d) Is a physician and provided services related to the placement or use of an automated external defibrillator; or

      (e) Possesses or controls one or more automated external defibrillators placed in a public setting and reasonably complied with the following requirements:

      (A) Maintained, inspected and serviced the automated external defibrillator, the battery for the automated external defibrillator and the electrodes for the automated external defibrillator in accordance with guidelines set forth by the manufacturer.

      (B) Ensured that a sufficient number of employees received training in the use of an automated external defibrillator so that at least one trained employee may be reasonably expected to be present at the public setting during regular business hours.

      (C) Stored the automated external defibrillator in a location from which the automated external defibrillator can be quickly retrieved during regular business hours.

      (D) Clearly indicated the presence and location of each automated external defibrillator.

      (E) Established a policy to call 9-1-1 to activate the emergency medical services system as soon as practicable after the potential need for the automated external defibrillator is recognized.

      (3) The immunity provided by this section does not apply if:

      (a) The person against whom the action is brought acted with gross negligence or with reckless, wanton or intentional misconduct;

      (b) The use, attempted use or nonuse of an automated external defibrillator occurred at a location where emergency medical care is regularly available; or

      (c) The person against whom the action is brought possesses or controls one or more automated external defibrillators in a public setting and the person’s failure to reasonably comply with the requirements described in subsection (2)(e) of this section caused the alleged injury, death or loss.

      (4) Nothing in this section affects the liability of a manufacturer, designer, developer, distributor or supplier of an automated external defibrillator, or an accessory for an automated external defibrillator, under the provisions of ORS 30.900 to 30.920 or any other applicable state or federal law. [2005 c.551 §1]

 

      30.803 Liability of certified emergency medical technician acting as volunteer. No person shall maintain a cause of action for injury, death or loss against any certified emergency medical technician who acts as a volunteer without expectation of compensation, based on a claim of negligence unless the person shows that the injury, death or loss resulted from willful and wanton misconduct or intentional act or omission of the emergency medical technician. [1987 c.915 §11]

 

      30.805 Liability for emergency medical assistance by government personnel. (1) No person may maintain an action for damages for injury, death or loss that results from acts or omissions in rendering emergency medical assistance unless it is alleged and proved by the complaining party that the acts or omissions violate the standards of reasonable care under the circumstances in which the emergency medical assistance was rendered, if the action is against:

      (a) The staff person of a governmental agency or other entity if the staff person and the agency or entity are authorized within the scope of their official duties or licenses to provide emergency medical care; or

      (b) A governmental agency or other entity that employs, trains, supervises or sponsors the staff person.

      (2) As used in this section, “emergency medical care” means medical care to an injured or ill person who is in need of immediate medical care:

      (a) Under emergency circumstances that suggest that the giving of assistance is the only alternative to serious physical aftereffects or death;

      (b) In a place where emergency medical care is not regularly available;

      (c) In the absence of a personal refusal of such medical care by the injured or ill person or the responsible relative of such person; and

      (d) Which may include medical care provided through means of radio or telecommunication by a medically trained person, who practices in a hospital as defined in ORS 442.015 and licensed under ORS 441.015 to 441.087, and who is not at the location of the injured or ill person. [1979 c.782 §8; 1981 c.693 §27; 1985 c.747 §48]

 

      30.807 Liability for emergency transportation assistance. (1) No person shall maintain an action for damages for injury, death or loss that results from acts or omissions in rendering emergency transportation assistance unless it is alleged and proved by the complaining party that the person rendering emergency transportation assistance was grossly negligent. The provisions of this section apply only to a person who provides emergency transportation assistance without compensation.

      (2) As used in this section, “emergency transportation assistance” means transportation provided to an injured or ill person who is in need of immediate medical care:

      (a) Under emergency circumstances that suggest that the giving of assistance is the only alternative to serious physical after-effect or death;

      (b) From a place where emergency medical care is not regularly available;

      (c) In the absence of a personal refusal of such assistance by the injured or ill person or the responsible relative of the person; and

      (d) Which may include directions on the transportation provided through means of radio or telecommunications by a medically trained person who practices in a hospital, as defined in ORS 442.015 and who is not at the location of the injured or ill person. [1987 c.915 §10; 1997 c.242 §2]

 

      30.810 [1969 c.387 §1; 1973 c.823 §89; renumbered 31.700 in 2003]

 

      30.820 Action against seller of drugged horse; attorney fees. In addition to and not in lieu of the penalty provided in ORS 165.825 (2), any person who buys a horse sold in violation of ORS 165.825 (1) may bring an action against the seller for any damages the buyer incurs as a result of the sale. The court may award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party in an action under this section. [1971 c.175 §3; 1981 c.897 §8; 1995 c.618 §25]

 

      30.822 Action for theft of or injury to search and rescue animal or therapy animal; attorney fees. (1) In addition to and not in lieu of any other penalty provided by state law, the owner of a search and rescue animal or a therapy animal, as defined in ORS 167.352, may bring an action for economic and noneconomic damages against any person who steals or, without provocation, attacks the search and rescue animal or therapy animal. The owner may also bring an action for such damages against the owner of any animal that, without provocation, attacks a search and rescue animal or therapy animal. The action authorized by this subsection may be brought by the owner even if the search and rescue or therapy animal was in the custody or under the supervision of another person when the theft or attack occurred.

      (2) If the theft of or unprovoked attack on a search and rescue animal or therapy animal described in subsection (1) of this section results in the death of the animal or the animal is not returned or if injuries sustained in the theft or attack prevent the animal from returning to service as a search and rescue animal or therapy animal, the measure of economic damages shall include, but need not be limited to, the replacement value of an equally trained animal, without any differentiation for the age or the experience of the animal.

      (3) If the theft of or unprovoked attack on a search and rescue animal or therapy animal described in subsection (1) of this section results in injuries from which the animal recovers and returns to service, or if the animal is stolen and is recovered and returns to service, the measure of economic damages shall include, but need not be limited to, the costs of temporary replacement services, veterinary medical expenses and any other costs and expenses incurred by the owner as a result of the theft of or injury to the animal.

      (4) No cause of action arises under this section if the owner or the person having custody or supervision of the search and rescue animal or therapy animal was committing a criminal or civil trespass at the time of the attack on the animal.

      (5) The court may award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party in an action under this section. [1993 c.312 §4; 1995 c.618 §26]

 

      30.825 Action for unlawful tree spiking; attorney fees. Any person who is damaged by an act prohibited in ORS 164.886 (1) to (3) may bring a civil action to recover damages sustained. A party seeking civil damages under this section may recover upon proof by a preponderance of the evidence of a violation of the provisions of ORS 164.886 (1) to (3). The court may award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party in an action under this section. [1989 c.1003 §4; 1995 c.618 §27]

 

      30.830 Action against judicial officer for failure to make certain payments. If any money described in ORS 137.295 that is payable to the Department of Revenue is not paid to the department within the time provided therein, the court or officer who collected the money shall be deemed delinquent in the payment of the money. An action may be maintained in the name of the Department of Revenue, State of Oregon, to recover the unpaid amounts with interest at the legal rate. [1971 c.186 §7; 1981 s.s. c.3 §111; 1983 c.763 §52; 1987 c.905 §3a]

 

      30.840 [1975 c.562 §1; renumbered 31.980 in 2003]

 

      30.850 [1975 c.562 §2; renumbered 31.982 in 2003]

 

      30.860 Action for trade discrimination; treble damages; attorney fees. (1) No person or governmental entity shall discriminate against, boycott, blacklist, refuse to buy from, sell to or trade with any person because of foreign government imposed or sanctioned discrimination based upon the national origin, race or religion of such person or of such person’s partners, members, directors, stockholders, agents, employees, business associates, suppliers or customers.

      (2) Any person directly injured in business or property by a violation of subsection (1) of this section may sue whoever knowingly practices, or conspires to practice, activities prohibited by subsection (1) of this section, and shall recover threefold the damages sustained. The court shall award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing plaintiff in an action under this section. The court may award reasonable attorney fees and expert witness fees incurred by a defendant who prevails in the action if the court determines that the plaintiff had no objectively reasonable basis for asserting a claim or no objectively reasonable basis for appealing an adverse decision of a trial court. [1977 c.395 §§1,2; 1981 c.897 §9; 1995 c.618 §28]

 

      Note: The amendments to 30.860 by section 15, chapter 100, Oregon Laws 2007, are the subject of a referendum petition that may be filed with the Secretary of State not later than September 26, 2007. If the referendum petition is filed with the required number of signatures of electors, chapter 100, Oregon Laws 2007, will be submitted to the people for their approval or rejection at the regular general election held on November 4, 2008. If approved by the people at the general election, chapter 100, Oregon Laws 2007, takes effect December 4, 2008. If the referendum petition is not filed with the Secretary of State or does not contain the required number of signatures of electors, the amendments to 30.860 by section 15, chapter 100, Oregon Laws 2007, take effect January 1, 2008. 30.860, as amended by section 15, chapter 100, Oregon Laws 2007, is set forth for the user’s convenience.

      30.860. (1) A person or governmental entity may not discriminate against, boycott, blacklist or refuse to buy from, sell to or trade with any person because of foreign government imposed or sanctioned discrimination based upon the race, religion, sex, sexual orientation or national origin of the person or of the person’s partners, members, directors, stockholders, agents, employees, business associates, suppliers or customers.

      (2) Any person directly injured in business or property by a violation of subsection (1) of this section may sue whoever knowingly practices, or conspires to practice, activities prohibited by subsection (1) of this section, and shall recover threefold the damages sustained. The court shall award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing plaintiff in an action under this section. The court may award reasonable attorney fees and expert witness fees incurred by a defendant who prevails in the action if the court determines that the plaintiff had no objectively reasonable basis for asserting a claim or no objectively reasonable basis for appealing an adverse decision of a trial court.

 

      30.862 Action for public investment fraud; attorney fees. (1) Conduct constituting a violation of ORS 30.862 and 162.117 to 162.121 shall give rise to a civil cause of action by the state. The court may award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing party in an action under this section.

      (2) The application of one civil remedy under any provision of ORS 30.862 and 162.117 to 162.121 shall not preclude the application of any other remedy, civil or criminal, under ORS 30.862 and 162.117 to 162.121 or under any other provision of law. Civil remedies under ORS 30.862 and 162.117 to 162.121 are supplemental and not mutually exclusive. [1993 c.768 §4; 1995 c.618 §29]

 

      30.864 Action for disclosure of certain education records; limitation of action; attorney fees. (1) Any person claiming to be aggrieved by the reckless disclosure of personally identifiable information from a student’s education records as prohibited by rules of the State Board of Education or the State Board of Higher Education may file a civil action in circuit court for equitable relief or, subject to the terms and conditions of ORS 30.265 to 30.300, for damages, or both. The court may order such other relief as may be appropriate.

      (2) The action authorized by this section shall be filed within two years of the alleged unlawful disclosure.

      (3) In an action brought under this section, the court may allow the prevailing party costs, disbursements and reasonable attorney fees. [1993 c.806 §8; 1995 c.618 §30]

 

      30.865 Action for invasion of personal privacy; attorney fees. (1) A plaintiff has a cause of action for invasion of personal privacy if the plaintiff establishes any of the following:

      (a) The defendant knowingly made or recorded a photograph, motion picture, videotape or other visual recording of the plaintiff in a state of nudity without the consent of the plaintiff, and at the time the visual recording was made or recorded the plaintiff was in a place and circumstances where the plaintiff had a reasonable expectation of personal privacy.

      (b) For the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of the defendant, the defendant was in a location to observe the plaintiff in a state of nudity without the consent of the plaintiff, and the plaintiff was in a place and circumstances where the plaintiff had a reasonable expectation of personal privacy.

      (c) For the purpose of arousing or gratifying the sexual desire of any person, the defendant knowingly:

      (A) Made or recorded a photograph, motion picture, videotape or other visual recording of an intimate area of the plaintiff without the consent of the plaintiff; or

      (B) Viewed an intimate area of the plaintiff without the consent of the plaintiff.

      (d) Without the consent of the plaintiff, the defendant disseminated a photograph, motion picture, videotape or other visual recording of the plaintiff in a state of nudity, and the defendant knew that at the time the visual recording was made or recorded the plaintiff was in a place and circumstances where the plaintiff had a reasonable expectation of personal privacy.

      (2) A plaintiff who prevails in a cause of action for invasion of personal privacy under this section is entitled to receive:

      (a) Compensatory damages; and

      (b) Reasonable attorney fees.

      (3) An action under this section must be commenced not later than two years after the conduct that gives rise to a claim for relief occurred.

      (4) The remedy provided by this section is in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other claim for relief that may be available to a plaintiff by reason of conduct of a defendant described in subsection (1) of this section.

      (5) As used in this section:

      (a) “Intimate area” means:

      (A) Undergarments that are being worn by a person, are covered by clothing and are intended to be protected from being seen; and

      (B) Any of the following that are covered by clothing and are intended to be protected from being seen:

      (i) Genitals;

      (ii) Pubic areas; or

      (iii) Female breasts below the point immediately above the top of the areola.

      (b) “Made or recorded a photograph, motion picture, videotape or other visual recording” includes, but is not limited to, making or recording or employing, authorizing, permitting, compelling or inducing another person to make or record a photograph, motion picture, videotape or other visual recording.

      (c) “Nudity” means uncovered, or less than opaquely covered, post-pubescent human genitals, pubic areas or a post-pubescent human female breast below a point immediately above the top of the areola. “Nudity” includes a partial state of nudity.

      (d) “Places and circumstances where the plaintiff has a reasonable expectation of personal privacy” includes, but is not limited to, a bathroom, dressing room, locker room that includes an enclosed area for dressing or showering, tanning booth and any area where a person undresses in an enclosed space that is not open to public view.

      (e) “Public view” means that an area can be readily seen and that a person within the area can be distinguished by normal unaided vision when viewed from a public place as defined in ORS 161.015. [2005 c.544 §1]

 

      30.866 Action for issuance or violation of stalking protective order; attorney fees. (1) A person may bring a civil action in a circuit court for a court’s stalking protective order or for damages, or both, against a person if:

      (a) The person intentionally, knowingly or recklessly engages in repeated and unwanted contact with the other person or a member of that person’s immediate family or household thereby alarming or coercing the other person;

      (b) It is objectively reasonable for a person in the victim’s situation to have been alarmed or coerced by the contact; and

      (c) The repeated and unwanted contact causes the victim reasonable apprehension regarding the personal safety of the victim or a member of the victim’s immediate family or household.

      (2) At the time the petition is filed, the court, upon a finding of probable cause based on the allegations in the petition, shall enter a temporary court’s stalking protective order that may include, but is not limited to, all contact listed in ORS 163.730. The petition and the temporary order shall be served upon the respondent with an order requiring the respondent to personally appear before the court to show cause why the temporary order should not be continued for an indefinite period.

      (3)(a) At the hearing, whether or not the respondent appears, the court may continue the hearing for up to 30 days or may proceed to enter a court’s stalking protective order and take other action as provided in ORS 163.738.

      (b) If respondent fails to appear after being served as required by subsection (2) of this section, the court may issue a warrant of arrest as provided in ORS 133.110 in order to ensure the appearance of the respondent in court.

      (4) The plaintiff may recover:

      (a) Both special and general damages, including damages for emotional distress;

      (b) Punitive damages; and

      (c) Reasonable attorney fees and costs.

      (5) The court may enter an order under this section against a minor respondent without appointment of a guardian ad litem.

      (6) An action under this section must be commenced within two years of the conduct giving rise to the claim.

      (7) Proof of the claim shall be by a preponderance of the evidence.

      (8) The remedy provided by this section is in addition to any other remedy, civil or criminal, provided by law for the conduct giving rise to the claim.

      (9) No filing fee, service fee or hearing fee shall be charged for a proceeding under this section if a court’s stalking order is the only relief sought.

      (10) If the respondent was provided notice and an opportunity to be heard, the court shall also include in the order, when appropriate, terms and findings sufficient under 18 U.S.C. 922 (d)(8) and (g)(8) to affect the respondent’s ability to possess firearms and ammunition or engage in activities involving firearms.

      (11) ORS 163.741 applies to protective orders issued under this section.

      (12) Except for purposes of impeachment, a statement made by the respondent at a hearing under this section may not be used as evidence in a prosecution for stalking as defined in ORS 163.732 or for violating a court’s stalking protective order as defined in ORS 163.750. [1993 c.626 §9; 1995 c.353 §6; 1999 c.1052 §4; 2003 c.292 §3]

 

      Note: Definitions for 30.866 are found in 163.730.

 

      30.867 Action for violation of criminal laws relating to involuntary servitude or trafficking in persons. (1) Irrespective of any criminal prosecution or the result of a criminal prosecution, a person injured by a violation of ORS 163.263, 163.264 or 163.266 may bring a civil action for damages against a person whose actions are unlawful under ORS 163.263, 163.264 or 163.266.

      (2) Upon prevailing in an action under this section, the plaintiff may recover:

      (a) Both special and general damages, including damages for emotional distress; and

      (b) Punitive damages.

      (3) The court shall award reasonable attorney fees to the prevailing plaintiff in an action under this section. The court may award reasonable attorney fees and expert witness fees incurred by a defendant who prevails in the action if the court determines that the plaintiff had no objectively reasonable basis for asserting a claim or no reasonable basis for appealing an adverse decision of a circuit court.

      (4) An action under this section must be commenced within six years of the conduct giving rise to the claim. [2007 c.811 §9]

 

      30.868 Civil damages for custodial interference; attorney fees. (1) Any of the following persons may bring a civil action to secure damages against any and all persons whose actions are unlawful under ORS 163.257 (1)(a):

      (a) A person who is 18 years of age or older and who has been taken, enticed or kept in violation of ORS 163.257 (1)(a); or

      (b) A person whose custodial rights have been interfered with if, by reason of the interference:

      (A) The person has reasonably and in good faith reported a person missing to any city, county or state police agency; or

      (B) A defendant in the action has been charged with a violation of ORS 163.257 (1)(a).