Illinois 725 ILCS 5/      Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963.

Title I - General Provisions


      (725 ILCS 5/Tit. I heading)
TITLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

      (725 ILCS 5/Art. 100 heading)
ARTICLE 100. TITLE AND SCOPE

    (725 ILCS 5/100‑1) (from Ch. 38, par. 100‑1)
    Sec. 100‑1. Short title.
    This Act shall be known and may be cited as the "Code of Criminal Procedure of 1963".
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/100‑2) (from Ch. 38, par. 100‑2)
    Sec. 100‑2. Scope.
    These provisions shall govern the procedure in the courts of Illinois in all criminal proceedings except where provision for a different procedure is specifically provided by law.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

      (725 ILCS 5/Art. 101 heading)
ARTICLE 101. GENERAL PURPOSES

    (725 ILCS 5/101‑1) (from Ch. 38, par. 101‑1)
    Sec. 101‑1. General purposes.
    The provisions of this Code shall be construed in accordance with the general purposes hereof, to:
    (a) Secure simplicity in procedure;
    (b) Ensure fairness of administration including the elimination of unjustifiable delay;
    (c) Ensure the effective apprehension and trial of persons accused of crime;
    (d) Provide for the just determination of every criminal proceeding by a fair and impartial trial and an adequate review; and
    (e) Preserve the public welfare and secure the fundamental human rights of individuals.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

      (725 ILCS 5/Art. 102 heading)
ARTICLE 102. GENERAL DEFINITIONS

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑1) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑1)
    Sec. 102‑1. Meanings of words and phrases.
    For the purposes of this Code, the words and phrases described in this Article have the meanings designated in this Article, except when a particular context clearly requires a different meaning.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑2) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑2)
    Sec. 102‑2. Reference to criminal code for words and phrases not described.
    A word or phrase not described in this Code but which is described in Article 2 of the "Criminal Code of 1961", approved July 28, 1961, as heretofore and hereafter amended, shall have the meaning therein described, except when a particular context in this Code clearly requires a different meaning.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑3) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑3)
    Sec. 102‑3. Singular term includes plural‑Gender.
    A singular term shall include the plural and the masculine gender shall include the feminine except when a particular context clearly requires a different meaning.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑4) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑4)
    Sec. 102‑4. "Arraignment".
    "Arraignment" means the formal act of calling the defendant into open court, informing him of the offense with which he is charged, and asking him whether he is guilty or not guilty.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑5) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑5)
    Sec. 102‑5. "Arrest".
    "Arrest" means the taking of a person into custody.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑6) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑6)
    Sec. 102‑6. "Bail".
    "Bail" means the amount of money set by the court which is required to be obligated and secured as provided by law for the release of a person in custody in order that he will appear before the court in which his appearance may be required and that he will comply with such conditions as set forth in the bail bond.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑7) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑7)
    Sec. 102‑7. "Bail bond".
    "Bail bond" means an undertaking secured by bail entered into by a person in custody by which he binds himself to comply with such conditions as are set forth therein.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑8) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑8)
    Sec. 102‑8. "Charge".
    "Charge" means a written statement presented to a court accusing a person of the commission of an offense and includes complaint, information and indictment.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑9) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑9)
    Sec. 102‑9. "Complaint".
    "Complaint" means a verified written statement other than an information or an indictment, presented to a court, which charges the commission of an offense.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑10) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑10)
    Sec. 102‑10. "Court".
    "Court" means a place where justice is judicially administered and includes a judge thereof.
(Source: P. A. 77‑1286.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑11) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑11)
    Sec. 102‑11. "Indictment".
    "Indictment" means a written statement, presented by the Grand Jury to a court, which charges the commission of an offense.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑12) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑12)
    Sec. 102‑12. "Information".
    "Information" means a verified written statement signed by a State's Attorney, and presented to a court, which charges the commission of an offense.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑13) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑13)
    Sec. 102‑13. "Judge".
    "Judge" means a person who is invested by law with the power to perform judicial functions and includes a court when a particular context so requires.
(Source: P. A. 77‑1286.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑14) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑14)
    Sec. 102‑14. "Judgment".
    "Judgment" means an adjudication by the court that the defendant is guilty or not guilty and if the adjudication is that the defendant is guilty it includes the sentence pronounced by the court.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑15) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑15)
    Sec. 102‑15. "Offense".
    "Offense" means a violation of any penal statute of this State.
(Source: P.A. 76‑1796.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑16) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑16)
    Sec. 102‑16. "Parole".
    "Parole" means the conditional and revocable release of a committed person under the supervision of a paroling authority.
(Source: P. A. 77‑2476.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑17) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑17)
    Sec. 102‑17. "Preliminary examination".
    "Preliminary examination" means a hearing before a judge to determine if there is probable cause to believe that the person accused has committed an offense.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑18) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑18)
    Sec. 102‑18. "Probation".
    "Probation" means a sentence or adjudication of conditional and revocable release under the supervision of a probation officer.
(Source: P.A. 77‑2476.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑19) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑19)
    Sec. 102‑19. "Recognizance".
    "Recognizance" means an undertaking without security entered into by a person by which he binds himself to comply with such conditions as are set forth therein and which may provide for the forfeiture of a sum set by the court on failure to comply with the conditions thereof.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑20) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑20)
    Sec. 102‑20. "Sentence".
    "Sentence" is the disposition imposed on the defendant by the court.
(Source: P.A. 77‑2476.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑21) (from Ch. 38, par. 102‑21)
    Sec. 102‑21. Clinical psychologist; court‑appointed examiner.
    (a) "Clinical psychologist" means a psychologist licensed under the Clinical Psychologist Licensing Act.
    (b) "Court‑appointed examiner" means a clinical social worker as defined in Section 9 of the Clinical Social Work and Social Work Practice Act.
(Source: P.A. 87‑530.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑22)
    Sec. 102‑22. "Facility director", for the purposes of Article 104, means the chief officer of a mental health or developmental disabilities facility or his or her designee or the supervisor of a program of treatment or habilitation or his or her designee. "Designee" may include a physician, clinical psychologist, social worker, or nurse.
(Source: P.A. 90‑105, eff. 7‑11‑97.)

    (725 ILCS 5/102‑23)
    Sec. 102‑23. "Moderately mentally retarded person" means a person whose intelligence quotient is between 41 and 55 and who does not suffer from significant mental illness to the extent that the person's ability to exercise rational judgment is impaired.
(Source: P.A. 92‑434, eff. 1‑1‑02.)

      (725 ILCS 5/Art. 103 heading)
ARTICLE 103. RIGHTS OF ACCUSED

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑1) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑1)
    Sec. 103‑1. Rights on arrest. (a) After an arrest on a warrant the person making the arrest shall inform the person arrested that a warrant has been issued for his arrest and the nature of the offense specified in the warrant.
    (b) After an arrest without a warrant the person making the arrest shall inform the person arrested of the nature of the offense on which the arrest is based.
    (c) No person arrested for a traffic, regulatory or misdemeanor offense, except in cases involving weapons or a controlled substance, shall be strip searched unless there is reasonable belief that the individual is concealing a weapon or controlled substance.
    (d) "Strip search" means having an arrested person remove or arrange some or all of his or her clothing so as to permit a visual inspection of the genitals, buttocks, anus, female breasts or undergarments of such person.
    (e) All strip searches conducted under this Section shall be performed by persons of the same sex as the arrested person and on premises where the search cannot be observed by persons not physically conducting the search.
    (f) Every peace officer or employee of a police department conducting a strip search shall:
    (1) Obtain the written permission of the police commander or an agent thereof designated for the purposes of authorizing a strip search in accordance with this Section.
    (2) Prepare a report of the strip search. The report shall include the written authorization required by paragraph (1) of this subsection (f), the name of the person subjected to the search, the names of the persons conducting the search, and the time, date and place of the search. A copy of the report shall be provided to the person subject to the search.
    (g) No search of any body cavity other than the mouth shall be conducted without a duly executed search warrant; any warrant authorizing a body cavity search shall specify that the search must be performed under sanitary conditions and conducted either by or under the supervision of a physician licensed to practice medicine in all of its branches in this State.
    (h) Any peace officer or employee who knowingly or intentionally fails to comply with any provision of this Section is guilty of official misconduct as provided in Section 103‑8; provided however, that nothing contained in this Section shall preclude prosecution of a peace officer or employee under another section of this Code.
    (i) Nothing in this Section shall be construed as limiting any statutory or common law rights of any person for purposes of any civil action or injunctive relief.
    (j) The provisions of subsections (c) through (h) of this Section shall not apply when the person is taken into custody by or remanded to the sheriff or correctional institution pursuant to a court order.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1509.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑2) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑2)
    Sec. 103‑2. Treatment while in custody.
    (a) On being taken into custody every person shall have the right to remain silent.
    (b) No unlawful means of any kind shall be used to obtain a statement, admission or confession from any person in custody.
    (c) Persons in custody shall be treated humanely and provided with proper food, shelter and, if required, medical treatment.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑2.1)
    Sec. 103‑2.1. When statements by accused may be used.
    (a) In this Section, "custodial interrogation" means any interrogation during which (i) a reasonable person in the subject's position would consider himself or herself to be in custody and (ii) during which a question is asked that is reasonably likely to elicit an incriminating response.
    In this Section, "place of detention" means a building or a police station that is a place of operation for a municipal police department or county sheriff department or other law enforcement agency, not a courthouse, that is owned or operated by a law enforcement agency at which persons are or may be held in detention in connection with criminal charges against those persons.
    In this Section, "electronic recording" includes motion picture, audiotape, or videotape, or digital recording.
    (b) An oral, written, or sign language statement of an accused made as a result of a custodial interrogation at a police station or other place of detention shall be presumed to be inadmissible as evidence against the accused in any criminal proceeding brought under Section 9‑1, 9‑1.2, 9‑2, 9‑2.1, 9‑3, 9‑3.2, or 9‑3.3 of the Criminal Code of 1961 or under clause (d)(1)(F) of Section 11‑501 of the Illinois Vehicle Code unless:
        (1) an electronic recording is made of the custodial
    
interrogation; and
        (2) the recording is substantially accurate and not
    
intentionally altered.
    (c) Every electronic recording required under this Section must be preserved until such time as the defendant's conviction for any offense relating to the statement is final and all direct and habeas corpus appeals are exhausted, or the prosecution of such offenses is barred by law.
    (d) If the court finds, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the defendant was subjected to a custodial interrogation in violation of this Section, then any statements made by the defendant during or following that non‑recorded custodial interrogation, even if otherwise in compliance with this Section, are presumed to be inadmissible in any criminal proceeding against the defendant except for the purposes of impeachment.
    (e) Nothing in this Section precludes the admission (i) of a statement made by the accused in open court at his or her trial, before a grand jury, or at a preliminary hearing, (ii) of a statement made during a custodial interrogation that was not recorded as required by this Section, because electronic recording was not feasible, (iii) of a voluntary statement, whether or not the result of a custodial interrogation, that has a bearing on the credibility of the accused as a witness, (iv) of a spontaneous statement that is not made in response to a question, (v) of a statement made after questioning that is routinely asked during the processing of the arrest of the suspect, (vi) of a statement made during a custodial interrogation by a suspect who requests, prior to making the statement, to respond to the interrogator's questions only if an electronic recording is not made of the statement, provided that an electronic recording is made of the statement of agreeing to respond to the interrogator's question, only if a recording is not made of the statement, (vii) of a statement made during a custodial interrogation that is conducted out‑of‑state, (viii) of a statement given at a time when the interrogators are unaware that a death has in fact occurred, or (ix) of any other statement that may be admissible under law. The State shall bear the burden of proving, by a preponderance of the evidence, that one of the exceptions described in this subsection (e) is applicable. Nothing in this Section precludes the admission of a statement, otherwise inadmissible under this Section, that is used only for impeachment and not as substantive evidence.
    (f) The presumption of inadmissibility of a statement made by a suspect at a custodial interrogation at a police station or other place of detention may be overcome by a preponderance of the evidence that the statement was voluntarily given and is reliable, based on the totality of the circumstances.
    (g) Any electronic recording of any statement made by an accused during a custodial interrogation that is compiled by any law enforcement agency as required by this Section for the purposes of fulfilling the requirements of this Section shall be confidential and exempt from public inspection and copying, as provided under Section 7 of the Freedom of Information Act, and the information shall not be transmitted to anyone except as needed to comply with this Section.
(Source: P.A. 93‑206, eff. 7‑18‑05; 93‑517, eff. 8‑6‑05; 94‑117, eff. 7‑5‑05.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑3) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑3)
    Sec. 103‑3. Right to communicate with attorney and family; transfers.
    (a) Persons who are arrested shall have the right to communicate with an attorney of their choice and a member of their family by making a reasonable number of telephone calls or in any other reasonable manner. Such communication shall be permitted within a reasonable time after arrival at the first place of custody.
    (b) In the event the accused is transferred to a new place of custody his right to communicate with an attorney and a member of his family is renewed.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑4) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑4)
    Sec. 103‑4. Right to consult with attorney.
    Any person committed, imprisoned or restrained of his liberty for any cause whatever and whether or not such person is charged with an offense shall, except in cases of imminent danger of escape, be allowed to consult with any licensed attorney at law of this State whom such person may desire to see or consult, alone and in private at the place of custody, as many times and for such period each time as is reasonable. When any such person is about to be moved beyond the limits of this State under any pretense whatever the person to be moved shall be entitled to a reasonable delay for the purpose of obtaining counsel and of availing himself of the laws of this State for the security of personal liberty.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑5) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑5)
    Sec. 103‑5. Speedy trial.)
    (a) Every person in custody in this State for an alleged offense shall be tried by the court having jurisdiction within 120 days from the date he was taken into custody unless delay is occasioned by the defendant, by an examination for fitness ordered pursuant to Section 104‑13 of this Act, by a fitness hearing, by an adjudication of unfitness to stand trial, by a continuance allowed pursuant to Section 114‑4 of this Act after a court's determination of the defendant's physical incapacity for trial, or by an interlocutory appeal. Delay shall be considered to be agreed to by the defendant unless he or she objects to the delay by making a written demand for trial or an oral demand for trial on the record.
    The 120‑day term must be one continuous period of incarceration. In computing the 120‑day term, separate periods of incarceration may not be combined. If a defendant is taken into custody a second (or subsequent) time for the same offense, the term will begin again at day zero.
    (b) Every person on bail or recognizance shall be tried by the court having jurisdiction within 160 days from the date defendant demands trial unless delay is occasioned by the defendant, by an examination for fitness ordered pursuant to Section 104‑13 of this Act, by a fitness hearing, by an adjudication of unfitness to stand trial, by a continuance allowed pursuant to Section 114‑4 of this Act after a court's determination of the defendant's physical incapacity for trial, or by an interlocutory appeal. The defendant's failure to appear for any court date set by the court operates to waive the defendant's demand for trial made under this subsection.
    For purposes of computing the 160 day period under this subsection (b), every person who was in custody for an alleged offense and demanded trial and is subsequently released on bail or recognizance and demands trial, shall be given credit for time spent in custody following the making of the demand while in custody. Any demand for trial made under this subsection (b) shall be in writing; and in the case of a defendant not in custody, the demand for trial shall include the date of any prior demand made under this provision while the defendant was in custody.
    (c) If the court determines that the State has exercised without success due diligence to obtain evidence material to the case and that there are reasonable grounds to believe that such evidence may be obtained at a later day the court may continue the cause on application of the State for not more than an additional 60 days. If the court determines that the State has exercised without success due diligence to obtain results of DNA testing that is material to the case and that there are reasonable grounds to believe that such results may be obtained at a later day, the court may continue the cause on application of the State for not more than an additional 120 days.
    (d) Every person not tried in accordance with subsections (a), (b) and (c) of this Section shall be discharged from custody or released from the obligations of his bail or recognizance.
    (e) If a person is simultaneously in custody upon more than one charge pending against him in the same county, or simultaneously demands trial upon more than one charge pending against him in the same county, he shall be tried, or adjudged guilty after waiver of trial, upon at least one such charge before expiration relative to any of such pending charges of the period prescribed by subsections (a) and (b) of this Section. Such person shall be tried upon all of the remaining charges thus pending within 160 days from the date on which judgment relative to the first charge thus prosecuted is rendered pursuant to the Unified Code of Corrections or, if such trial upon such first charge is terminated without judgment and there is no subsequent trial of, or adjudication of guilt after waiver of trial of, such first charge within a reasonable time, the person shall be tried upon all of the remaining charges thus pending within 160 days from the date on which such trial is terminated; if either such period of 160 days expires without the commencement of trial of, or adjudication of guilt after waiver of trial of, any of such remaining charges thus pending, such charge or charges shall be dismissed and barred for want of prosecution unless delay is occasioned by the defendant, by an examination for fitness ordered pursuant to Section 104‑13 of this Act, by a fitness hearing, by an adjudication of unfitness for trial, by a continuance allowed pursuant to Section 114‑4 of this Act after a court's determination of the defendant's physical incapacity for trial, or by an interlocutory appeal; provided, however, that if the court determines that the State has exercised without success due diligence to obtain evidence material to the case and that there are reasonable grounds to believe that such evidence may be obtained at a later day the court may continue the cause on application of the State for not more than an additional 60 days.
    (f) Delay occasioned by the defendant shall temporarily suspend for the time of the delay the period within which a person shall be tried as prescribed by subsections (a), (b), or (e) of this Section and on the day of expiration of the delay the said period shall continue at the point at which it was suspended. Where such delay occurs within 21 days of the end of the period within which a person shall be tried as prescribed by subsections (a), (b), or (e) of this Section, the court may continue the cause on application of the State for not more than an additional 21 days beyond the period prescribed by subsections (a), (b), or (e). This subsection (f) shall become effective on, and apply to persons charged with alleged offenses committed on or after, March 1, 1977.
(Source: P.A. 90‑705, eff. 1‑1‑99; 91‑123, eff. 1‑1‑00.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑6) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑6)
    Sec. 103‑6. Waiver of jury trial. Every person accused of an offense shall have the right to a trial by jury unless (i) understandingly waived by defendant in open court or (ii) the offense is an ordinance violation punishable by fine only and the defendant either fails to file a demand for a trial by jury at the time of entering his or her plea of not guilty or fails to pay to the clerk of the circuit court at the time of entering his or her plea of not guilty any jury fee required to be paid to the clerk.
(Source: P.A. 86‑1386.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑7) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑7)
    Sec. 103‑7. Posting notice of rights.
    Every sheriff, chief of police or other person who is in charge of any jail, police station or other building where persons under arrest are held in custody pending investigation, bail or other criminal proceedings, shall post in every room, other than cells, of such buildings where persons are held in custody, in conspicuous places where it may be seen and read by persons in custody and others, a poster, printed in large type, containing a verbatim copy in the English language of the provisions of Sections 103‑2, 103‑3, 103‑4, 109‑1, 110‑2, 110‑4, and sub‑parts (a) and (b) of Sections 110‑7 and 113‑3 of this Code. Each person who is in charge of any courthouse or other building in which any trial of an offense is conducted shall post in each room primarily used for such trials and in each room in which defendants are confined or wait, pending trial, in conspicuous places where it may be seen and read by persons in custody and others, a poster, printed in large type, containing a verbatim copy in the English language of the provisions of Sections 103‑6, 113‑1, 113‑4 and 115‑1 and of subparts (a) and (b) of Section 113‑3 of this Code.
(Source: Laws 1965, p. 2622.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑8) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑8)
    Sec. 103‑8. Mandatory duty of officers.
    Any peace officer who intentionally prevents the exercise by an accused of any right conferred by this Article or who intentionally fails to perform any act required of him by this Article shall be guilty of official misconduct and may be punished in accordance with Section 33‑3 of the "Criminal Code of 1961" approved July 28, 1961, as heretofore and hereafter amended.
(Source: Laws 1963, p. 2836.)

    (725 ILCS 5/103‑9) (from Ch. 38, par. 103‑9)
    Sec. 103‑9. Bail bondsmen. No bail bondsman from any state may seize or transport unwillingly any person found in this State who is allegedly in violation of a bail bond posted in some other state. The return of any such person to another state may be accomplished only as provided by the laws of this State. Any bail bondsman who violates this Section is fully subject to the criminal and civil penalties provided by the laws of this State for his actions.
(Source: P.A. 84‑694.)

      (725 ILCS 5/Art. 104 heading)
ARTICLE 104. FITNESS FOR TRIAL, TO PLEAD OR TO BE SENTENCED

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑10) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑10)
    Sec. 104‑10. Presumption of Fitness; Fitness Standard.) A defendant is presumed to be fit to stand trial or to plead, and be sentenced. A defendant is unfit if, because of his mental or physical condition, he is unable to understand the nature and purpose of the proceedings against him or to assist in his defense.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1217.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑11) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑11)
    Sec. 104‑11. Raising Issue; Burden; Fitness Motions.) (a) The issue of the defendant's fitness for trial, to plead, or to be sentenced may be raised by the defense, the State or the Court at any appropriate time before a plea is entered or before, during, or after trial. When a bonafide doubt of the defendant's fitness is raised, the court shall order a determination of the issue before proceeding further.
    (b) Upon request of the defendant that a qualified expert be appointed to examine him or her to determine prior to trial if a bonafide doubt as to his or her fitness to stand trial may be raised, the court, in its discretion, may order an appropriate examination. However, no order entered pursuant to this subsection shall prevent further proceedings in the case. An expert so appointed shall examine the defendant and make a report as provided in Section 104‑15. Upon the filing with the court of a verified statement of services rendered, the court shall enter an order on the county board to pay such expert a reasonable fee stated in the order.
    (c) When a bonafide doubt of the defendant's fitness has been raised, the burden of proving that the defendant is fit by a preponderance of the evidence and the burden of going forward with the evidence are on the State. However, the court may call its own witnesses and conduct its own inquiry.
    (d) Following a finding of unfitness, the court may hear and rule on any pretrial motion or motions if the defendant's presence is not essential to a fair determination of the issues. A motion may be reheard upon a showing that evidence is available which was not available, due to the defendant's unfitness, when the motion was first decided.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1217.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑12) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑12)
    Sec. 104‑12. Right to Jury.) The issue of the defendant's fitness may be determined in the first instance by the court or by a jury. The defense or the State may demand a jury or the court on its own motion may order a jury. However, when the issue is raised after trial has begun or after conviction but before sentencing, or when the issue is to be redetermined under Section 104‑20 or 104‑27, the issue shall be determined by the court.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1217.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑13) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑13)
    Sec. 104‑13. Fitness Examination.
    (a) When the issue of fitness involves the defendant's mental condition, the court shall order an examination of the defendant by one or more licensed physicians, clinical psychologists, or psychiatrists chosen by the court. No physician, clinical psychologist or psychiatrist employed by the Department of Human Services shall be ordered to perform, in his official capacity, an examination under this Section.
    (b) If the issue of fitness involves the defendant's physical condition, the court shall appoint one or more physicians and in addition, such other experts as it may deem appropriate to examine the defendant and to report to the court regarding the defendant's condition.
    (c) An examination ordered under this Section shall be given at the place designated by the person who will conduct the examination, except that if the defendant is being held in custody, the examination shall take place at such location as the court directs. No examinations under this Section shall be ordered to take place at mental health or developmental disabilities facilities operated by the Department of Human Services. If the defendant fails to keep appointments without reasonable cause or if the person conducting the examination reports to the court that diagnosis requires hospitalization or extended observation, the court may order the defendant admitted to an appropriate facility for an examination, other than a screening examination, for not more than 7 days. The court may, upon a showing of good cause, grant an additional 7 days to complete the examination.
    (d) Release on bail or on recognizance shall not be revoked and an application therefor shall not be denied on the grounds that an examination has been ordered.
    (e) Upon request by the defense and if the defendant is indigent, the court may appoint, in addition to the expert or experts chosen pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section, a qualified expert selected by the defendant to examine him and to make a report as provided in Section 104‑15. Upon the filing with the court of a verified statement of services rendered, the court shall enter an order on the county board to pay such expert a reasonable fee stated in the order.
(Source: P.A. 89‑507, eff. 7‑1‑97.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑14) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑14)
    Sec. 104‑14. Use of Statements Made During Examination or Treatment.) (a) Statements made by the defendant and information gathered in the course of any examination or treatment ordered under Section 104‑13, 104‑17 or 104‑20 shall not be admissible against the defendant unless he raises the defense of insanity or the defense of drugged or intoxicated condition, in which case they shall be admissible only on the issue of whether he was insane, drugged, or intoxicated. The refusal of the defendant to cooperate in such examinations shall not preclude the raising of the aforesaid defenses but shall preclude the defendant from offering expert evidence or testimony tending to support such defenses if the expert evidence or testimony is based upon the expert's examination of the defendant.
    (b) Except as provided in paragraph (a) of this Section, no statement made by the defendant in the course of any examination or treatment ordered under Section 104‑13, 104‑17 or 104‑20 which relates to the crime charged or to other criminal acts shall be disclosed by persons conducting the examination or the treatment, except to members of the examining or treating team, without the informed written consent of the defendant, who is competent at the time of giving such consent.
    (c) The court shall advise the defendant of the limitations on the use of any statements made or information gathered in the course of the fitness examination or subsequent treatment as provided in this Section. It shall also advise him that he may refuse to cooperate with the person conducting the examination, but that his refusal may be admissible into evidence on the issue of his mental or physical condition.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1217.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑15) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑15)
    Sec. 104‑15. Report.) (a) The person or persons conducting an examination of the defendant, pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) of Section 104‑13 shall submit a written report to the court, the State, and the defense within 30 days of the date of the order. The report shall include:
    (1) A diagnosis and an explanation as to how it was reached and the facts upon which it is based;
    (2) A description of the defendant's mental or physical disability, if any; its severity; and an opinion as to whether and to what extent it impairs the defendant's ability to understand the nature and purpose of the proceedings against him or to assist in his defense, or both.
    (b) If the report indicates that the defendant is not fit to stand trial or to plead because of a disability, the report shall include an opinion as to the likelihood of the defendant attaining fitness within one year if provided with a course of treatment. If the person or persons preparing the report are unable to form such an opinion, the report shall state the reasons therefor. The report may include a general description of the type of treatment needed and of the least physically restrictive form of treatment therapeutically appropriate.
    (c) The report shall indicate what information, if any, contained therein may be harmful to the mental condition of the defendant if made known to him.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1217.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑16) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑16)
    Sec. 104‑16. Fitness Hearing.) (a) The court shall conduct a hearing to determine the issue of the defendant's fitness within 45 days of receipt of the final written report of the person or persons conducting the examination or upon conclusion of the matter then pending before it, subject to continuances allowed pursuant to Section 114‑4 of this Act.
    (b) Subject to the rules of evidence, matters admissible on the issue of the defendant's fitness include, but are not limited to, the following:
    (1) The defendant's knowledge and understanding of the charge, the proceedings, the consequences of a plea, judgment or sentence, and the functions of the participants in the trial process;
    (2) The defendant's ability to observe, recollect and relate occurrences, especially those concerning the incidents alleged, and to communicate with counsel;
    (3) The defendant's social behavior and abilities; orientation as to time and place; recognition of persons, places and things; and performance of motor processes.
    (c) The defendant has the right to be present at every hearing on the issue of his fitness. The defendant's presence may be waived only if there is filed with the court a certificate stating that the defendant is physically unable to be present and the reasons therefor. The certificate shall be signed by a licensed physician who, within 7 days, has examined the defendant.
    (d) On the basis of the evidence before it, the court or jury shall determine whether the defendant is fit to stand trial or to plead. If it finds that the defendant is unfit, the court or the jury shall determine whether there is substantial probability that the defendant, if provided with a course of treatment, will attain fitness within one year. If the court or the jury finds that there is not a substantial probability, the court shall proceed as provided in Section 104‑23. If such probability is found or if the court or the jury is unable to determine whether a substantial probability exists, the court shall order the defendant to undergo treatment for the purpose of rendering him fit. In the event that a defendant is ordered to undergo treatment when there has been no determination as to the probability of his attaining fitness, the court shall conduct a hearing as soon as possible following the receipt of the report filed pursuant to paragraph (d) of Section 104‑17, unless the hearing is waived by the defense, and shall make a determination as to whether a substantial probability exists.
    (e) An order finding the defendant unfit is a final order for purposes of appeal by the State or the defendant.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1217.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑17) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑17)
    Sec. 104‑17. Commitment for Treatment; Treatment Plan.
    (a) If the defendant is eligible to be or has been released on bail or on his own recognizance, the court shall select the least physically restrictive form of treatment therapeutically appropriate and consistent with the treatment plan.
    (b) If the defendant's disability is mental, the court may order him placed for treatment in the custody of the Department of Human Services, or the court may order him placed in the custody of any other appropriate public or private mental health facility or treatment program which has agreed to provide treatment to the defendant. If the defendant is placed in the custody of the Department of Human Services, the defendant shall be placed in a secure setting unless the court determines that there are compelling reasons why such placement is not necessary. During the period of time required to determine the appropriate placement the defendant shall remain in jail. Upon completion of the placement process, the sheriff shall be notified and shall transport the defendant to the designated facility. The placement may be ordered either on an inpatient or an outpatient basis.
    (c) If the defendant's disability is physical, the court may order him placed under the supervision of the Department of Human Services which shall place and maintain the defendant in a suitable treatment facility or program, or the court may order him placed in an appropriate public or private facility or treatment program which has agreed to provide treatment to the defendant. The placement may be ordered either on an inpatient or an outpatient basis.
    (d) The clerk of the circuit court shall transmit to the Department, agency or institution, if any, to which the defendant is remanded for treatment, the following:
        (1) a certified copy of the order to undergo
    
treatment;
        (2) the county and municipality in which the offense
    
was committed;
        (3) the county and municipality in which the arrest
    
took place; and
        (4) all additional matters which the Court directs
    
the clerk to transmit.
    (e) Within 30 days of entry of an order to undergo treatment, the person supervising the defendant's treatment shall file with the court, the State, and the defense a report assessing the facility's or program's capacity to provide appropriate treatment for the defendant and indicating his opinion as to the probability of the defendant's attaining fitness within a period of one year from the date of the finding of unfitness. If the report indicates that there is a substantial probability that the defendant will attain fitness within the time period, the treatment supervisor shall also file a treatment plan which shall include:
        (1) A diagnosis of the defendant's disability;
        (2) A description of treatment goals with respect to
    
rendering the defendant fit, a specification of the proposed treatment modalities, and an estimated timetable for attainment of the goals;
        (3) An identification of the person in charge of
    
supervising the defendant's treatment.
(Source: P.A. 89‑507, eff. 7‑1‑97.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑18) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑18)
    Sec. 104‑18. Progress Reports.) (a) The treatment supervisor shall submit a written progress report to the court, the State, and the defense:
    (1) At least 7 days prior to the date for any hearing on the issue of the defendant's fitness;
    (2) Whenever he believes that the defendant has attained fitness;
    (3) Whenever he believes that there is not a substantial probability that the defendant will attain fitness, with treatment, within one year from the date of the original finding of unfitness.
    (b) The progress report shall contain:
    (1) The clinical findings of the treatment supervisor and the facts upon which the findings are based;
    (2) The opinion of the treatment supervisor as to whether the defendant has attained fitness or as to whether the defendant is making progress, under treatment, toward attaining fitness within one year from the date of the original finding of unfitness;
    (3) If the defendant is receiving medication, information from the prescribing physician indicating the type, the dosage and the effect of the medication on the defendant's appearance, actions and demeanor.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1217.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑19) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑19)
    Sec. 104‑19. Records.) Any report filed of record with the court concerning diagnosis, treatment or treatment plans made pursuant to this Article shall not be placed in the defendant's court record but shall be maintained separately by the clerk of the court and shall be available only to the court or an appellate court, the State and the defense, a facility or program which is providing treatment to the defendant pursuant to an order of the court or such other persons as the court may direct.
(Source: P.A. 81‑1217.)

    (725 ILCS 5/104‑20) (from Ch. 38, par. 104‑20)
    Sec. 104‑20. Ninety‑Day Hearings; Continuing Treatment.)
    (a) Upon entry or continuation of any order to undergo treatment, the court shall set a date for hearing to reexamine the issue of the defendant's fitness not more than 90 days thereafter. In addition, whenever the court receives a report from the supervisor of the defendant's treatment pursuant to subparagraph (2) or (3) of paragraph (a) of Section 104‑18, the court shall forthwith set the matter for a first hearing within 21 days unless good cause is demonstrated why the hearing cannot be held. On the date set or upon conclusion of the matter then pending before it, the court, sitting without a jury, shall conduct a hearing, unless waived by the defense, and shall determine:
        (1) Whether the defendant is fit to stand trial or to
    
plead; and if not,
        (2) Whether the defendant is making progress under
    
treatment toward attainment of fitness within one year from the date of the original finding of unfitness.