US Laws, Codes, Statutes & Cases

      Sec. 53a-54b. Capital felony. A person is guilty of a capital felony who is convicted of any of the following: (1) Murder of a member of the Division of State Police within the Department of Public Safety or of any local police department, a chief inspector or inspector in the Division of Criminal Justice, a state marshal who is exercising authority granted under any provision of the general statutes, a judicial marshal in performance of the duties of a judicial marshal, a constable who performs criminal law enforcement duties, a special policeman appointed under section 29-18, a conservation officer or special conservation officer appointed by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection under the provisions of section 26-5, an employee of the Department of Correction or a person providing services on behalf of said department when such employee or person is acting within the scope of such employee's or person's employment or duties in a correctional institution or facility and the actor is confined in such institution or facility, or any firefighter, while such victim was acting within the scope of such victim's duties; (2) murder committed by a defendant who is hired to commit the same for pecuniary gain or murder committed by one who is hired by the defendant to commit the same for pecuniary gain; (3) murder committed by one who has previously been convicted of intentional murder or of murder committed in the course of commission of a felony; (4) murder committed by one who was, at the time of commission of the murder, under sentence of life imprisonment; (5) murder by a kidnapper of a kidnapped person during the course of the kidnapping or before such person is able to return or be returned to safety; (6) murder committed in the course of the commission of sexual assault in the first degree; (7) murder of two or more persons at the same time or in the course of a single transaction; or (8) murder of a person under sixteen years of age.

      (P.A. 73-137, S. 3; P.A. 77-604, S. 39, 84; 77-614, S. 486, 610; P.A. 80-335; P.A. 85-144; P.A. 92-260, S. 27; P.A. 95-16, S. 4; P.A. 98-126, S. 1; P.A. 00-99, S. 120, 154; P.A. 01-84, S. 10, 26; 01-151, S. 3, 5.)

      History: P.A. 77-604 substituted "chief inspector or inspector in the division of criminal justice" for "county detective" in Subdiv. (1); P.A. 77-614 made state police department a division within the department of public safety, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 80-335 added Subdivs. (7) and (8) making murder in course of committing sexual assault in first degree and murder of two or more persons at same time a capital felony; P.A. 85-144 amended Subdiv. (6) by adding "economic" and deleting the proviso that the seller was not, at the time of such sale, a drug-dependent person; P.A. 92-260 made technical changes in Subdivs. (1) and (3); P.A. 95-16 added Subdiv. (9) re murder of a person under sixteen years of age; P.A. 98-126 amended Subdiv. (1) to replace "an official of the Department of Correction authorized by the Commissioner of Correction to make arrests in a correctional institution or facility" with "an employee of the Department of Correction or a person providing services on behalf of said department when such employee or person is acting within the scope of his employment or duties in a correctional institution or facility and the actor is confined in such institution or facility"; P.A. 00-99 amended Subdiv. (1) to replace reference to sheriff and deputy sheriff with provision re state marshal exercising statutory authority and judicial marshal in performance of duties, effective December 1, 2000; P.A. 01-84 replaced "fireman" with "firefighter" and made other technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 01-151 amended Subdiv. (1) to include the murder of a conservation officer or special conservation officer appointed by the Commissioner of Environmental Protection under the provisions of Sec. 26-5, deleted former Subdiv. (6) re the illegal sale, for economic gain, of cocaine, heroin or methadone to a person who dies as a direct result of the use of such cocaine, heroin or methadone, redesignating existing Subdivs. (7), (8) and (9) as Subdivs. (6), (7) and (8), and made technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 1, 2001.

      See Sec. 53a-54a re murder.

      See Sec. 53a-54c re felony murder.

      Cited. 194 C. 416, 418. Cited. 198 C. 92, 110. Cited. 199 C. 163, 174, 177, 178. Cited. 201 C. 276, 288. Cited. 211 C. 289, 296. Cited. 215 C. 570, 581. Cited. 216 C. 699, 710. Cited. 218 C. 486, 488. Cited. 230 C. 183, 188, 201, 236. Cited. 234 C. 324, 340, 341. Cited. Id., 735, 738. Cited. 235 C. 206. Cited. 237 C. 332, 334. Cited. 238 C. 389. Cited. Id., 828. Cited. 240 C. 727. Cited. 241 C. 702. Cited. 242 C. 409. Murder in the course of kidnapping does not require ransom; murder in the course of sexual assault includes murder to prevent victim from becoming a witness; denial of a bill of particulars on aggravating factors did not deny fair hearing; meaning of "heinous" and "depraved" discussed; "heinous, cruel or depraved" as a unitary rather than three separate factors discussed; statute complies with the eighth and fourteenth amendments; statutory construction and precedent support conclusion that the burden of persuasion applies to both elements of mitigation; proportionality review still available in this case despite repeal of requirement. 251 C. 285.

      Cited. 32 CA 38, 40. Cited. 36 CA 364-366, 370, 377, 378. Cited. 42 CA 348. Cited. 43 CA 549. Cited. 45 CA 207.

      Cited 42 CS 426, 427.

      Subdiv. (1):

      Cited. 234 C. 324, 341, 342. Conviction for felony murder under Sec. 53a-54c cannot serve as the predicate murder for the crime of capital felony under this section; term "murder" in capital felony statute may be applied only to intentional murder. 241 C. 702. In order to satisfy the element that police officer had been "acting within the scope of his duties", the state was only required to prove that police officer was acting in the good faith discharge of his official duties when he stopped defendant and attempted to subdue him. 264 C. 1.

      Cited. 41 CA 604, 617.

      Subdiv. (2):

      Capital felony murder discussed. 199 C. 163, 164, 173, 174, 176, 178. Cited. 203 C. 420-422, 424. Cited. 215 C. 570, 576-578, 581-583. Cited. 234 C. 324, 341, 342. Cited. 242 C. 409.

      Cited. 19 CA 111, 144; judgment reversed, see 215 C. 538 et seq. Cited. 41 CA 604, 617.

      Subdiv. (3):

      Cited. 234 C. 324-326, 329, 331, 334, 336, 338, 339, 341, 343, 347, 349, 350. Cited. 238 C. 828.

      Cited. 41 CA 604, 616, 617. Cited. 45 CA 390.

      Subdiv. (4):

      Cited. 234 C. 324, 341, 342.

      Subdiv. (5):

      Cited. 197 C. 436, 439, 461. Cited. 213 C. 388, 390. Cited. 230 C. 183, 194, 195, 200-202, 228. Cited. 234 C. 324, 341, 342. Cited. 238 C. 389. Cited. 242 C. 409. Provision does not require that kidnapping be accompanied by a demand for ransom. 249 C. 645. Trial court properly instructed jury that its verdict of guilty on charge of intentional murder would provide the predicate for criminal liability under subsection. 263 C. 478.

      Cited. 36 CA 364, 378. Cited. 41 CA 604, 617.

      Subdiv. (6):

      Cited. 230 C. 183, 201. Cited. 233 C. 174, 189. Cited. 234 C. 324, 341, 342. Cited. 238 C. 828. State need only prove that the murder in a kidnap-murder or sexual-assault murder was aggravated in order to establish the aggravating factor. 269 C. 213.

      Cited. 41 CA 604, 617.

      Subdiv. (7):

      Cited. 205 C. 298, 299. Cited. 230 C. 183, 194, 229. Cited. 234 C. 324, 341, 342. Cited. 237 C. 694. Cited. 238 C. 389. Cited. 242 C. 409. Double jeopardy clause not violated where defendant convicted for two counts of capital felony. Evidence indicated that the murders occurred in two sets, at distinctly separate times. 260 C. 339.

      Cited. 41 CA 604, 617.

      Subdiv. (8):

      Cited. 198 C. 92, 110. Cited. 206 C. 213, 214. Cited. 207 C. 374, 377. Cited. 208 C. 125, 127, 145. Cited. 209 C. 225, 230, 239. Cited. 212 C. 258, 259. Cited. 213 C. 708, 711. Cited. 216 C. 699, 701. Cited. 218 C. 349-351. Cited. 221 C. 430, 431. Cited. 229 C. 125, 127. Cited. 230 C. 183, 194, 195. Cited. 233 C. 813, 815. Cited. 234 C. 324, 341, 342. Cited. 235 C. 206, 209. Only an intentional murder can be a predicate murder to capital felony charge under this section. 238 C. 828. Cited. 241 C. 322. Cited. Id., 702. Cited. 242 C. 93. Proper construction to be given to term "in the course of a single transaction" is that there need only be some nexus between murders, that the murders be connected by a common purpose or plan in order to be "in the course of a single transaction". Does not require murders to be at the same time in order to constitute "in the course of a single transaction". Temporal relationship between murders is not an absolute prerequisite to prosecution under subsection. 254 C. 578. Read together, Sec. 53a-54(a) and this subdiv. provide that conviction of intentional murder under doctrine of transferred intent may be the predicate for conviction of capital felony under this subdiv. when victim is under sixteen, regardless of defendant's subjective state of mind. 265 C. 35. Knowledge of the victim's age is not an element of this subdiv. Id. To limit applicability of subdiv. to cases in which state can prove that defendant knew or reasonably should have known the age of his victim would be both impracticable and inconsistent with the legislative intent. Id.

      Cited. 36 CA 364, 365, 377, 380. Cited. 38 CA 581, 582. Cited. 41 CA 604, 617.

      Sec. 53a-54c. Felony murder. A person is guilty of murder when, acting either alone or with one or more persons, he commits or attempts to commit robbery, burglary, kidnapping, sexual assault in the first degree, aggravated sexual assault in the first degree, sexual assault in the third degree, sexual assault in the third degree with a firearm, escape in the first degree, or escape in the second degree and, in the course of and in furtherance of such crime or of flight therefrom, he, or another participant, if any, causes the death of a person other than one of the participants, except that in any prosecution under this section, in which the defendant was not the only participant in the underlying crime, it shall be an affirmative defense that the defendant: (1) Did not commit the homicidal act or in any way solicit, request, command, importune, cause or aid the commission thereof; and (2) was not armed with a deadly weapon, or any dangerous instrument; and (3) had no reasonable ground to believe that any other participant was armed with such a weapon or instrument; and (4) had no reasonable ground to believe that any other participant intended to engage in conduct likely to result in death or serious physical injury.

      (P.A. 74-186, S. 11, 12; P.A. 76-336, S. 21; P.A. 79-570, S. 2; P.A. 92-260, S. 28.)

      History: P.A. 76-336 replaced rape in first degree, deviate sexual intercourse in first degree and sexual contact in first degree with sexual assault in first degree, sexual assault in first degree with firearm, sexual assault in third degree and sexual assault in third degree with firearm; P.A. 79-570 removed murder resulting from commission of or attempt to commit arson from purview of section; P.A. 92-260 replaced obsolete reference to offense of "sexual assault in the first degree with a firearm" with revised name of "aggravated sexual assault in the first degree"; (Revisor's note: In 1995 the indicators (A), (B), (C) and (D) were changed editorially by the Revisors to (1), (2), (3) and (4) respectively for consistency with statutory usage).

      See Sec. 53a-54a re murder.

      See Sec. 53a-54b re capital felony.

      Cited. 171 C. 683, 687. Cited. 176 C. 257, 258. Cited. 177 C. 677, 679. Cited. 178 C. 116, 118. Cited. 179 C. 78-80. Court did not err in refusing to instruct jury on lesser offenses of first degree burglary and first degree robbery since element of causation, which differentiates felony murder from the lesser offenses, was not sufficiently in dispute. 180 C. 599, 601, 602, 604. Cited. 181 C. 151, 153; id., 187, 188. Cited. 182 C. 419, 420; id., 580. Cited (1975 revision). 183 C. 299, 300, 311. Cited. 186 C. 1, 2, 7. Cited. 188 C. 542, 543, 545, 550. Cited. 189 C. 346, 347. Cited. 191 C. 636, 638-641, 644; id., 659-663. Cited. 193 C. 70, 72, 75. Cited. Id., 144, 145, 151. Cited. Id., 350, 352. Cited. 194 C. 223, 224. Cited. Id., 279, 285. Cited. Id., 416, 419. Cited. Id., 530, 559, 565. Cited. 195 C. 505, 506. Manslaughter is not a lesser included crime otherwise of felony murder. 196 C. 421, 423, 429. Cited. 197 C. 396, 397, 401. Cited. Id., 436, 438, 460. Cited. Id., 588, 591. Cited. 198 C. 92, 110. Cited. Id., 255, 256, 269. Cited. Id., 386, 387. Cited. Id., 397, 399. Cited. Id., 435, 436. Cited. Id., 506, 507, 515. Cited. Id., 517, 518, 537. Cited. Id., 638. Cited. Id., 644, 646. Cited. 199 C. 110, 111. Cited. 200 C. 323, 324, 336. Cited. Id., 721. Cited. 201 C. 34, 35, 37. Cited. Id., 395, 396, 399, 401, 416-418. Cited. Id., 462, 464, 465. Cited. 202 C. 18, 19, 21, 24, 26. Cited. Id., 39, 40. Cited. 203 C. 4-6. Cited. Id., 212, 213, 217, 239, 243. Cited. 204 C. 377-379, 385, 387. Cited. 205 C. 298, 300. Cited. Id., 485, 486. Cited. Id., 507, 508. Cited. Id., 616, 619. Cited. Id., 638-640. Cited. 206 C. 157, 158. Cited. Id., 657, 667. Cited. 207 C. 1, 2, 12, 13. Cited. 208 C. 52, 54. Cited. 209 C. 34, 35. Cited. Id., 75, 76, 78. Cited. Id., 290-292. Cited. Id., 564, 565. Cited. Id., 636, 637. Cited. 210 C. 78, 81. Cited. Id., 652, 654, 696, 697. Cited. Id., 751, 752. Cited. 211 C. 289, 296. Cited. 212 C. 387, 389. Cited. 213 C. 388, 389. Cited. 214 C. 132, 133. Cited. Id., 454, 457. Cited. Id., 493-495, 501. Cited. 215 C. 695, 698. Cited. 216 C. 282-285, 293, 295-297. Cited. Id., 367, 368. Cited. Id., 699, 700, 708, 710, 715, 717-719, 726. Cited. 218 C. 85, 87. Cited. Id., 151, 152. Cited. Id., 309, 310. Cited. Id., 447, 448. Cited. Id., 486, 488. Cited. 219 C. 743, 744. Cited. 220 C. 1, 2. Cited. Id., 385, 386, 388. Cited. Id., 417, 418, 420, 426, 428, 429, 431. Cited. 221 C. 315, 316. Cited. Id., 635-637. Cited. Id., 643, 644, 666, 668. Cited. Id., 685, 687. Cited. 222 C. 117, 119. Cited. 223 C. 299, 301. Cited. Id., 595, 596. Cited. Id., 635, 637. Cited. Id., 834-836. Cited. 225 C. 270, 271, 277. Cited. Id., 347, 348, 350-352. Cited. 227 C. 101, 102. Cited. 229 C. 691, 694. Cited. 230 C. 88, 90. Cited. Id., 183, 201, 224. Cited. Id., 351, 352, 354, 362. Cited. 233 C. 44, 52. Cited. 234 C. 97, 98. Cited. 235 C. 595, 596. Cited. Id., 748, 749. Cited. Id., 802-804. Cited. 237 C. 390, 392. Cited. Id., 518. Cited. Id., 694. Cited. 238 C. 389. Cited. Id., 828. Cited. 240 C. 727. Cited. 241 C. 1. Cited. Id., 322. Conviction for felony murder under this section cannot serve as predicate for the crime of capital felony under Sec. 53a-54b(1). Id., 702. Cited. 242 C. 93. Cited. Id., 125. Cited. Id., 409. Cited. Id., 666. Cited. 247 C. 662. It is inconsistent with purpose of this statute to allow defendant who causes a death in the course of a felony to claim self-defense because victim attempted to thwart the felony. 254 C. 184. The defense of self-defense does not apply to charge of felony murder as a matter of law. Id., 202.

      Cited. 11 CA 80, 89. Cited. 12 CA 385. Cited. 24 CA 723. Cited. 27 CA 794, 795. Cited. 29 CA 573, 574. Cited. Id., 771, 772. Cited. 30 CA 381, 383. Cited 31 CA 771, 773; judgment reversed, see 230 C. 88-90, 92, 94. Cited. 32 CA 38, 40. Cited. Id., 431-433. Cited. 33 CA 90, 92. Cited. 35 CA 762, 766. Cited. 36 CA 364, 365, 370, 375. Cited. Id., 506, 507. Cited. Id., 556, 558. Cited. 38 CA 581, 582. Cited. 41 CA 515-517. Self-defense not available as a defense to charge of felony murder. 42 CA 348. Cited. Id., 472. Cited. 43 CA 61. Cited. 45 CA 32. Cited. Id., 187. Cited. Id., 390. Cited. Id., 658. Reaffirmed prior holding that self-defense not a valid defense to charge of felony murder. 51 CA 798. Court rejects defendant's argument that killing of victim who resisted a robbery attempt by walking away is not committed "in the course of and in furtherance of" the attempted robbery because the attempted robbery had ceased. 64 CA 596.

      Cited. 36 CS 141. Cited. 41 CS 385-387. Cited 42 CS 426, 427.

      Sec. 53a-54d. Arson murder. A person is guilty of murder when, acting either alone or with one or more persons, he commits arson and, in the course of such arson, causes the death of a person. Notwithstanding any other provision of the general statutes, any person convicted of murder under this section shall be punished by life imprisonment and shall not be eligible for parole.

      (P.A. 79-570, S. 1.)

      Cited. 191 C. 636, 644. Does not violate defendant's right to due process and equal protection. 196 C. 655-665. Cited. Id., 667, 668, 670, 675. "... when two or more persons are the victims of a single episode there are as many offenses as there are victims." 198 C. 92-94, 103, 110. Cited. 204 C. 377, 386. Cited. 210 C. 22. Cited. Id., 519, 526. Cited. 211 C. 258, 283, 284. Cited. Id., 289, 296. Cited. 213 C. 161, 162. Cited. 214 C. 378, 385. Cited. 216 C. 699, 710. Cited. 237 C. 694. Cited. 238 C. 828. Cited. 240 C. 727. Cited. 241 C. 702.

      Cited. 41 CA 476, 478, 479.

      Cited. 42 CS 426, 427.

      Sec. 53a-55. Manslaughter in the first degree: Class B felony. (a) A person is guilty of manslaughter in the first degree when: (1) With intent to cause serious physical injury to another person, he causes the death of such person or of a third person; or (2) with intent to cause the death of another person, he causes the death of such person or of a third person under circumstances which do not constitute murder because he committed the proscribed act or acts under the influence of extreme emotional disturbance, as provided in subsection (a) of section 53a-54a, except that the fact that homicide was committed under the influence of extreme emotional disturbance constitutes a mitigating circumstance reducing murder to manslaughter in the first degree and need not be proved in any prosecution initiated under this subsection; or (3) under circumstances evincing an extreme indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person, and thereby causes the death of another person.

      (b) Manslaughter in the first degree is a class B felony.

      (1969, P.A. 828, S. 56; P.A. 73-137, S. 9; P.A. 83-486, S. 5.)

      History: P.A. 73-137 substituted reference to Sec. 53a-54a for reference to Sec. 53a-54 in Subdiv. (2); P.A. 83-486 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by replacing "acts" with "committed the proscribed act or acts".

      Cited. 168 C. 610. Cited. 169 C. 309, 322. Cited. 170 C. 81. Cited. 180 C. 171, 177. Cited. 181 C. 406, 412. Cited. 182 C. 66, 68, 77. Cited. 188 C. 542, 544. Cited. 190 C. 639, 650. Cited. 192 C. 85, 87. Cited. 193 C. 632, 640. Cited. Id., 646, 666, 668. Cited. Id., 695, 697, 704, 730. Manslaughter is not a lesser included offense of felony murder. 196 C. 421, 428. Cited. 200 C. 553, 558. Cited. 201 C. 174, 187. Cited. 202 C. 429, 430. Cited. 210 C. 78, 106. Cited. Id., 652, 654. Cited. 211 C. 591, 592. Cited. 213 C. 38, 40. Cited. 215 C. 695, 697. Cited. 216 C. 699, 701, 708-710. Cited. 217 C. 498-500. Cited. 223 C. 273, 274. Cited. 225 C. 559, 561. Cited. 226 C. 237. 250. Cited. 233 C. 174-176, 189, 192. Cited. 234 C. 139, 161. Cited. 236 C. 342, 351.

      Cited. 7 CA 223, 224, 233. Cited. 8 CA 307. Cited. 15 CA 74, 76, 82; judgment reversed, see 211 C. 591. et seq. Cited. 16 CA 223. Cited. 24 CA 115, 117. Cited. 37 CA 722, 728. Cited. 40 CA 189, 191. Cited. Id., 374, 376. Cited. 41 CA 565, 566. Cited. Id., 604, 613. Cited. 42 CA 348. Cited. 44 CA 62. Cited. 46 CA 216.

      Cited. 33 CS 28.

      Subsec. (a):

      Subdiv. (1): It is incumbent upon the state to prove a specific intent to cause serious physical injury as intent to achieve a result is an element of the crime charged. 165 C. 400, 403. Cited. 174 C. 89, 90, 95-98. Cited. 176 C. 107, 108. Subdiv. (3): The conduct proscribed does not require infliction of a physical blow. 176 C. 227-229, 231-233, 236. Subdiv. (1) cited. 177 C. 538, 539. Subdiv. (3) cited. 179 C. 381, 382. Subdivs. (1) and (3); Manslaughter is a lesser included offense of murder although the state of mind required is different. 180 C. 382, 403, 408, 409. Subdiv. (1) cited. 181 C. 187, 200; id., 406, 408, 417. Subdiv. (2) cited. 182 C. 66, 71. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 66, 72, 73. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. 182 C. 403, 404; 183 C. 394, 395; 185 C. 63, 65. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Cited. 188 C. 237, 238. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 653, 654. Subdiv. (2) cited. 189 C. 303, 308, 309. Subdiv. (1): Attempt to commit is not cognizable. Id., 303-310. Subdiv. (1) cited. 190 C. 219, 220; id., 576, 577. Cited. Id., 639, 650-652. Subdiv. (3) cited. 193 C. 632-634, 639, 643. Cited. 646, 667, 668. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 646, 668. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 646, 669. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 695, 729. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 695, 729, 731. Subdiv. (1) cited. 194 C. 119, 120, 127. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 279-281, 294. Cited. Id., 376, 377. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 408, 412. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., Subdiv. (1) cited. 196 C. 519, 520, 526. Cited. 198 C. 53, 54. Cited. Id., 209, 210. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 220, 221. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 273, 274. Cited. Id., 454, 458, 459. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 454, 459. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 454, 459, 461, 462. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 454, 459, 462, 463. Subdiv. (2) cited. 199 C. 155, 158, 159, 161. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 155, 159. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 383, 384. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 417, 419, 446. Subdiv. (2) cited. 200 C. 224, 225. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 453, 454; Id., 453, 458; 201 C. 534, 556, 558, 559. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 534, 556, 558, 559. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 598, 601. Subdiv. (3) cited. 202 C. 520, 523, 524. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 520, 526. Subdiv. (3): Not unconstitutionally vague as applied to defendant. Id., 629, 631, 635, 641-643. Subdiv. (1) cited. 203 C. 466, 467; 204 C. 120, 121. Subdiv. (2) cited. 205 C. 279-281. Subdiv. (1) cited. 206 C. 278, 279. Subdiv. (1) cited. 207 C. 276, 278. Subdiv. (1) cited. 209 C. 133, 135. Subdiv. (1) cited. 211 C. 441-444. Subdiv. (1) cited. 212 C. 612, 613. Subdiv. (2) cited. 213 C. 500, 502. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 579, 580. Subdiv. (3) cited. 214 C. 57, 61, 66. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 57, 65. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 77, 85, 87. Subdiv. (1) cited. 216 C. 220, 221. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 699, 701, 708, 709, 715, 717. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 699, 708, 709. Subdiv. (1) cited. 217 C. 498, 501, 503. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 498-503. Subdiv. (2) cited. 218 C. 766, 769. Subdiv. (1) cited. 219 C. 16, 21. Subdiv. (3) cited. 220 C. 169, 172. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 285, 288, 298, 299. Subdiv. (3) cited. 222 C. 444, 447, 448. Cited. 223 C. 273, 274. Subdiv. (1) cited. 224 C. 546, 547. Subdiv. (1) cited. 225 C. 55, 63, 69. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 55, 63, 68, 69. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 55, 64. Subdiv. (1) cited. 227 C. 456, 476. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 456, 476. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 566, 567, 570, 575. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 611, 612. Subdiv. (1) cited. 228 C. 118, 127. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 147, 148. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 147, 148. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 281, 303. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. 229 C. 193, 194. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 397, 399. Subdiv. (2) cited. 230 C. 183, 223. Subdiv. (1) cited. 231 C. 115, 137. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv (2) cited. Id., 115, 139. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 484, 486. Subdiv. (1) cited. 233 C. 106, 118. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 174, 175, 189, 190. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 174, 189. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 215, 223. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 517. Subdiv. (3) cited. 235 C. 413, 414. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 473, 474. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 595, 596. Cited. 236 C. 189, 198. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 342, 344. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 342, 344, 345. Subdiv. (3) cited. 238 C. 253. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 313. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. 240 C. 395. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 727. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 743. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 799. Subdiv. (3) cited. 241 C. 502. Motion to dismiss on grounds that Subdiv. (3) is unconstitutionally vague because legislature failed to define phrases "extreme indifference to human life" and "grave risk of death" and defendant was not given "fair warning" and statute is susceptible to "arbitrary enforcement" fails to meet burden of proof because person of ordinary intelligence would have had fair warning that defendant's actions were proscribed and was properly denied by trial court. 257 C. 544. Based on established principles concerning how evidence is construed, and the inferences reasonably drawn therefrom, evidence was sufficient to support trial court's verdict of manslaughter in the first degree with a firearm. Id. Defendant who was convicted of murder pursuant to Sec. 53a-54a(a) was entitled to a jury instruction on the lesser included offense of manslaughter as set forth in subdiv. (1). 262 C. 453.

      Subdiv. (3): To be guilty of violating this statute "a person must have the general intent to engage in the proscribed conduct." 5 CA 571-573, 576-578. Subdiv. (1) cited. 7 CA 457, 458, 560. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 656. Subdiv. (1) cited. 8 CA 273, 274. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. 9 CA 147, 148; judgment reversed, see 206 C. 278 et seq. Subdiv. (3) cited. 11 CA 425, 427; Id., 628, 630, 631. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 628-631; 13 CA 175, 176. Subdiv. (1) cited. 17 CA 502, 504; judgment reversed, see 213 C. 579 et seq. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 602, 604, 605. Subdiv. (3) cited. 18 CA 423, 424. Subdiv. (1) cited. 19 CA 576, 577. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 609, 610, 612. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 674, 682. Subdiv. (3) cited. 20 CA 410, 411. Subdiv. (3) cited. 21 CA 138, 145. Subdiv. (3) cited. 22 CA 265, 266. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 321, 322. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 340, 341, 344, 350. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 507, 508. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 521, 522. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 669, 670. Subdiv. (3) cited. 23 CA 431, 432. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 502-505. Subdiv. (1) cited. 24 CA 115, 117. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 586. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 586, 587. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 692, 694, 695. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 692, 695. Subdiv. (2) cited. 25 CA 456, 457, 460-462. Cited. Id., 456, 461. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 456, 467. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 734, 735. Subdiv. (3) cited. 26 CA 165, 166. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 242, 243. Cited. Id., 259, 261. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 259, 266-268, 278. Subdiv. (1) cited. 27 CA 1-3, 5, 10. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 520, 521. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 643, 644. Subdiv. (3) cited. 28 CA 34, 35, 37, 41. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 81, 82, 87-89. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 231, 233. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 771, 773. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 771-775, 777, 778. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 825-827, 829- 831. Cited. 29 CA 68, 69; judgment reversed, see 227 C. 566 et seq. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 162, 163; judgment reversed, see 229 C. 397 et seq. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 394, 396. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 452, 453. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 533, 534. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 754, 755, 758. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 773, 774. Subdiv. (1) cited. 30 CA 26, 27. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 232, 234. Subdiv. (1) cited. 31 CA 385, 386. Subdiv. (3) cited. 32 CA 687, 688, 695-697. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 687, 695. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 854-856. Subdiv. (1) cited. 33 CA 116, 117. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 782, 783, 791, 792. Subdiv. (1) cited. 34 CA 236, 238. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 368, 369; see also 233 C. 517 et seq. Subdiv. (3) cited. 35 CA 138, 139, 141. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 374, 375; judgment reversed, see 235 C. 413 et seq. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 438, 439, 444, 446. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 438, 444. Cited. 37 CA 180, 181. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 180, 184, 185. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Cited. Id., 404, 414. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 473, 474. Cited. Id., 722, 723. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 722, 728, 729. Cited. 38 CA 801, 802. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 815, 818. Subdiv. (1) cited. 39 CA 224, 240, 242. Subdiv. (1) cited Id., 242, 253. Subdiv. (3) cited. 40 CA 151, 152, 164. Subdiv. (1) cited. 41 CA 831, 832. Subdiv. (1) cited. 42 CA 41. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 382. Subdiv. (3) cited. 43 CA 252. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 488. Cited. 44 CA 790. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 731. Subdiv. (1) cited. 46 CA 216. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Evidence presented at trial concerning a healthy one-year-old left in defendant's care was sufficient to support conviction. 47 CA 188. Subdiv. (1): Criminal liability as an accessory to manslaughter in the first degree has long been recognized under this state's jurisprudence. 49 CA 121. To be guilty under this subsection, it must be established that defendant must have had the general intent to engage in the proscribed conduct. 56 CA 742. Subdiv. (3): Action of defendant in entering house, after car chase, obtaining loaded shotgun, walking 100 feet to edge of driveway and shooting victim showed an extreme indifference to human life. 61 CA 463.

      Subdiv. (3) cited. 44 CS 417.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 211 C. 591, 612.

      Sec. 53a-55a. Manslaughter in the first degree with a firearm: Class B felony: Five years not suspendable. (a) A person is guilty of manslaughter in the first degree with a firearm when he commits manslaughter in the first degree as provided in section 53a-55, and in the commission of such offense he uses, or is armed with and threatens the use of or displays or represents by his words or conduct that he possesses a pistol, revolver, shotgun, machine gun, rifle or other firearm. No person shall be found guilty of manslaughter in the first degree and manslaughter in the first degree with a firearm upon the same transaction but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.

      (b) Manslaughter in the first degree with a firearm is a class B felony and any person found guilty under this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment in accordance with subdivision (4) of section 53a-35a of which five years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.

      (P.A. 75-380, S. 3; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2, S. 1.)

      History: July Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2 amended Subsec. (b) to add provision that any person found guilty under this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment in accordance with Sec. 53a-35a(4) and increase the nonsuspendable sentence from one year to five years.

      Cited. 190 C. 639, 640, 650, 653. Cited. 192 C. 85, 87. Cited. 193 C. 695, 730, 731. Cited. 198 C. 77, 78. Cited. Id., 454, 455, 458, 475. Cited. 201 C. 174, 187. Cited. 216 C. 699, 710. Cited. 225 C. 559, 561.

      Cited. 10 CA 357. Cited. 11 CA 425, 427. Cited. 17 CA 97, 98. Cited. 21 CA 801. Cited. 23 CA 502-505. Cited. 25 CA 734, 735. Cited. 26 CA 259, 260, 262, 265, 278. Cited. 33 CA 116, 117. Cited. 37 CA 722, 723, 728. Cited. 39 CA 224, 226, 236. Cited. Id., 242, 244, 252.

      Subsec. (a):

      Court's instructions on intent as element of manslaughter unconstitutional since they could be interpreted as creating a conclusive or burden-shifting presumption. 180 C. 171, 173, 177. Cited. 195 C. 160, 161. Cited. 199 C. 383, 384. Cited. 203 C. 466, 467. Cited. 206 C. 346, 348, 350. Cited. 216 C. 282, 295. Cited. 33 CA 116, 117.

      Cited. 26 CA 259, 260. Subdiv. (1) cited. 27 CA 263, 265. Cited. 37 CA 722, 723. Cited. 39 CA 224, 238.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 206 C. 346, 358. Cited. 207 C. 412, 416.

      Cited. 7 CA 223, 235.

      Sec. 53a-56. Manslaughter in the second degree: Class C felony. (a) A person is guilty of manslaughter in the second degree when: (1) He recklessly causes the death of another person; or (2) he intentionally causes or aids another person, other than by force, duress or deception, to commit suicide.

      (b) Manslaughter in the second degree is a class C felony.

      (1969, P.A. 828, S. 57.)

      Cited. 169 C. 309, 322. Cited. 181 C. 406, 412. Cited. 188 C. 542, 544, 545. Cited. 195 C. 232, 234. Manslaughter is not a lesser included offense of felony murder. 196 C. 421, 428. Cited. 199 C. 631, 633. Cited. 201 C. 174, 187. Cited. 202 C. 629, 632. Cited. 210 C. 78, 106. Cited. 212 C. 593, 607. Cited. 213 C. 579, 583. Cited. 216 C. 699, 710. Cited. 217 C. 498, 500. Cited. 226 C. 237, 250. Cited. 227 C. 566, 570. Cited. 236 C. 342, 344.

      Cited. 7 CA 180, 181, 183. Cited. 11 CA 425, 426, 428. Cited. 19 CA 674, 682. Cited. 21 CA 654, 655. Cited. 24 CA 586, 588. Cited. 26 CA 448, 454. Cited. 32 CA 687, 695. Cited. Id., 759, 761, 764. Cited. 37 CA 722, 729. Cited. 42 CA 348. Cited re evidence sufficient to sustain conviction. 51 CA 814.

      Subsec. (a):

      Subdiv. (1) cited. 174 C. 89, 90, 95. Subdiv. (1): Manslaughter is a lesser included offense of murder although the state of mind required is different. 180 C. 382, 403, 408. Subdiv. (1) cited. 185 C. 63, 66. Cited. 187 C. 6, 29. Subdiv. (1) cited. 193 C. 632, 640. Subdiv. (1) cited. 194 C. 119, 127. Subdiv. (1) cited. 195 C. 232, 237. Subdiv. (1) cited. 199 C. 155, 159. Subdiv. (1) cited. 202 C. 629, 635, 660. Subdiv. (1) cited. 206 C. 657, 667. Subdiv. (1) cited. 212 C. 593, 608. Cited. 213 C. 579, 585. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 579, 585, 586. Subdiv. (1) cited. 214 C. 57, 61, 66. Subdiv. (1) cited. 219 C. 16, 18, 21. Cited. Id., 16, 22. Subdiv. (1) cited. 222 C. 444, 447. Subdiv. (1) cited. 225 C. 55, 63, 64, 69. Cited. 226 C. 20, 21. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 20, 22, 31. Subdiv. (1) cited. 228 C. 118, 127. Cited. Id., 147, 149, 152, 155. Subdiv. (1) cited. 231 C. 115, 137. Subdiv. (1) cited. 238 C. 253.

      Cited. 5 CA 157, 158. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 338. Cited. 7 CA 180, 183. Subdiv. (1) cited. 11 CA 628-632. Cited. 17 CA 502, 511; judgment reversed, see 213 C. 579 et seq. Subdiv. (1) cited. 20 CA 430, 431. Cited. 24 CA 586, 588. Cited. 25 CA 456, 467. Subdiv. (1) cited. 26 CA 448, 449, 458. Subdiv. (1) cited. 28 CA 771, 773. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 825, 830. Cited. 30 CA 95, 96, 99, 101; judgment reversed, see 228 C. 147 et seq. Subdiv. (1) cited. 32 CA 854, 855. Subdiv. (1) cited. 37 CA 722, 729. Subdiv. (1) cited. 38 CA 815, 818. Subdiv. (1) cited. 40 CA 47, 48.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 202 C. 629, 638.

      Sec. 53a-56a. Manslaughter in the second degree with a firearm: Class C felony: One year not suspendable. (a) A person is guilty of manslaughter in the second degree with a firearm when he commits manslaughter in the second degree as provided in section 53a-56, and in the commission of such offense he uses or is armed with and threatens the use of or displays or represents by his words or conduct that he possesses a pistol, revolver, shotgun, rifle, machine gun or other firearm. No person shall be found guilty of manslaughter in the second degree and manslaughter in the second degree with a firearm upon the same transaction but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.

      (b) Manslaughter in the second degree with a firearm is a class C felony for which one year of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.

      (P.A. 75-380, S. 4.)

      Cited. 199 C. 631, 633, 636, 643. Cited. 201 C. 174, 187. Cited. 207 C. 191, 192. Cited. 216 C. 699, 710. Cited. 227 C. 456, 476. Cited. 228 C. 281, 303.

      Cited. 10 CA 697-699.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 216 C. 282, 295.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 207 C. 412, 416.

      Sec. 53a-56b. Manslaughter in the second degree with a motor vehicle: Class C felony. (a) A person is guilty of manslaughter in the second degree with a motor vehicle when, while operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug or both, he causes the death of another person as a consequence of the effect of such liquor or drug.

      (b) Manslaughter in the second degree with a motor vehicle is a class C felony and the court shall suspend the motor vehicle operator's license or nonresident operating privilege of any person found guilty under this section for one year.

      (P.A. 82-403, S. 1; P.A. 83-534, S. 8; P.A. 85-147, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 83-534 amended Subsec. (b) to require the court to suspend the motor vehicle operator's license or nonresident operating privilege of any person found guilty for one year; P.A. 85-147 deleted "while intoxicated" from the title of the offense and a provision that defined "intoxication" to include intoxication by alcohol or by drug or both, and replaced elements of offense of "when, in consequence of his intoxication while operating a motor vehicle, he causes the death of another person" with "when, while operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug or both, he causes the death of another person as a consequence of the effect of such liquor or drug".

      See Sec. 14-111g re motor vehicle operator's retraining program.

      Cited. 193 C. 632, 640. Cited. 213 C. 74, 76, 80. Cited. 216 C. 699, 710. Cited. 219 C. 752, 757. Cited. 229 C. 228, 230. There is no language in section to indicate expressly that legislature intended that a person convicted of second degree manslaughter with a motor vehicle could not also be convicted of first degree manslaughter. 263 C. 390.

      Cited. 5 CA 378, 379. Cited. 9 CA 686, 730. Cited. 11 CA 122, 123, 125-128, 130, 132. Cited. Id., 473, 481. Cited. 12 CA 129, 130. Cited. Id., 294, 295, 297, 298, 300-303. Cited. 16 CA 358, 360-363, 365, 366. Cited. 18 CA 223-225. Cited. 21 CA 138, 139, 144, 145. Cited. 22 CA 108, 109. Cited. 23 CA 215, 216. Cited. Id., 720, 722. Cited. 29 CA 825, 831, 834. Cited. 34 CA 557, 564. Cited. Id., 655, 664. Cited. 36 CA 710, 713. Cited. 40 CA 359, 360.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 11 CA 122-124, 126. Sec. 53a-57 not a lesser included offense. Id., 473, 474, 481. Cited. 20 CA 495, 496. Cited. 21 CA 138, 139, 141, 143, 144. Cited. 29 CA 825, 831, 834.

      Sec. 53a-57. Misconduct with a motor vehicle: Class D felony. (a) A person is guilty of misconduct with a motor vehicle when, with criminal negligence in the operation of a motor vehicle, he causes the death of another person.

      (b) Misconduct with a motor vehicle is a class D felony.

      (1969, P.A. 828, S. 58; P.A. 76-16; P.A. 82-403, S. 3.)

      History: P.A. 76-16 defined "intoxication" for purposes of section; P.A. 82-403 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting the provision that a person is guilty of misconduct with a motor vehicle when he causes the death of another person "in consequence of his intoxication while operating a motor vehicle" and by deleting the definition of "intoxication".

      See Sec. 14-111g re motor vehicle operator's retraining program.

      Cited. 174 C. 112, 113, 116. Cited. Id., 118. Cited. 176 C. 445, 446; id., 451, 454, 455, 459. Cited. 188 C. 620, 621. Cited. 202 C. 629, 638-640. Cited. 207 C. 336, 337. Cited. 216 C. 699, 710. Cited. 222 C. 444, 449. Cited. 229 C. 228, 230.

      Cited. 3 CA 137, 138. Violation of Sec. 14-222a, negligent homicide with a motor vehicle, is a lesser included offense of misconduct with a motor vehicle. 9 CA 686-689, 695, 710, 721, 723. Not a lesser included offense of Sec. 53a-56b(a). 11 CA 473, 474, 481, 482. Cited. 15 CA 392, 393. Cited. 16 CA 497, 507. Cited. 21 CA 138, 144. Cited. 22 CA 108, 111. Cited. 23 CA 720. Cited. 28 CA 283, 284, 289. Cited. 29 CA 825, 826, 831, 833-835, 837, 839. Cited. 30 CA 428, 429. Cited. 34 CA 655, 665. Conviction upheld where defendant became aware that his ability to operate a motor vehicle was impaired, yet continued to operate the motor vehicle. 64 CA 631.

      Cited. 35 CS 519, 521. Cited. 36 CS 527, 529.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 176 C. 451, 452, 454.

      Cited. 3 CA 137, 138. Cited. 11 CA 473, 474. Cited. 20 CA 495, 497. Cited. 23 CA 720, 723. Cited. 29 CA 825, 826, 832. This subsec. and Sec. 14-223(b) contain multiple elements that are dissimilar, and the clear language of the statutes themselves is sufficient for conclusion that they do not impose two punishments for the same act. 84 CA 351.

      Sec. 53a-58. Criminally negligent homicide: Class A misdemeanor. (a) A person is guilty of criminally negligent homicide when, with criminal negligence, he causes the death of another person, except where the defendant caused such death by a motor vehicle.

      (b) Criminally negligent homicide is a class A misdemeanor.

      (1969, P.A. 828, S. 59.)

      Cited. 174 C. 89, 95. Criminally negligent homicide is a lesser included offense of murder although the state of mind required is different. 180 C. 382, 403, 408. Cited. 181 C. 406, 412. Cited. 185 C. 63, 76, 78. Cited. 187 C. 6, 29. Cited. 195 C. 232, 242. Cited. 202 C. 520, 521, 525. Cited. Id., 629, 640, 641. Cited. 204 C. 410, 411, 426. Cited. Id., 429, 433. Cited. 212 C. 593, 607, 608. Cited. 213 C. 579, 590, 592. Cited. 216 C. 699, 710. Cited. 223 C. 273, 275. Cited. 226 C. 237, 250. Cited. 227 C. 456, 476. Cited. 228 C. 118, 127. Trial court improperly refused to instruct jury on this lesser included offense. Judgment of appellate court in State v. Ray, 30 CA 95, reversed. Id., 147, 149, 155. Cited. Id., 281, 303. Cited. 238 C. 253.

      Cited. 17 CA 502, 519; judgment reversed, see 213 C. 579 et seq. Cited. 24 CA 586, 588. Cited. 26 CA 448, 454. Cited. 28 CA 388, 389. Cited. Id., 771, 773. Cited. 30 CA 95, 99, 101, 103; judgment reversed, see 228 C. 147 et seq. Cited. Id., 232, 243. Cited. 32 CA 687, 695. Cited. 35 CA 438, 444.

      Cited. 40 CS 498, 501.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 201 C. 174, 187-189. Cited. 202 C. 629, 639. Cited. 213 C. 579, 590. Cited. 214 C. 57, 61, 68. Cited. 223 C. 273, 275. Cited. 228 C. 147, 149. Cited. 231 C. 115, 137.

      Cited. 24 CA 586, 588. Cited. 34 CA 368, 382; see also 233 C. 517 et seq.

      Sec. 53a-58a. Negligent homicide with a motor vehicle. Section 53a-58a is repealed.

      (P.A. 73-639, S. 5; P.A. 81-26, S. 2.)

      See Sec. 14-222a re negligent homicide with a motor vehicle.

      Sec. 53a-59a. Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the first degree: Class B felony: Five years not suspendable. (a) A person is guilty of assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the first degree, when such person commits assault in the first degree under section 53a-59(a)(2), 53a-59(a)(3) or 53a-59(a)(5) and (1) the victim of such assault has attained at least sixty years of age, is blind or physically disabled, as defined in section 1-1f, or is pregnant, or (2) the victim of such assault is a person with mental retardation, as defined in section 1-1g, and the actor is not a person with mental retardation.

      (b) No person shall be found guilty of assault in the first degree and assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the first degree upon the same incident of assault but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.

      (c) In any prosecution for an offense under this section based on the victim being pregnant it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know the victim was pregnant. In any prosecution for an offense under this section based on the victim being a person with mental retardation, it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know the victim was a person with mental retardation.

      (d) Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the first degree is a class B felony and any person found guilty under this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which five years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.

      (P.A. 77-422, S. 1; P.A. 80-442, S. 17, 28; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2, S. 4; P.A. 99-122, S. 1; 99-186, S. 14.)

      History: P.A. 80-442 added proviso in Subsec. (c) requiring five years' imprisonment for persons found guilty under section provisions, effective July 1, 1981; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to Sec. 53a-59(a)(5); P.A. 99-122 changed the name of the offense from "assault of a victim sixty or older in the first degree" to "assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or mentally retarded person in the first degree", where appearing, amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (2) to include within the offense an assault where the victim is a person with mental retardation and the actor is not a person with mental retardation, and added new Subsec. (c) to establish an affirmative defense in a prosecution based on the victim being a person with mental retardation that the actor did not know the victim was a person with mental retardation, relettering former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); P.A. 99-186 changed the name of the offense from "assault of a victim sixty or older in the first degree" to "assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or pregnant person in the first degree" where appearing, amended Subsec. (a) to include within the offense an assault where the victim is pregnant and added new Subsec. (c) to establish an affirmative defense in a prosecution based on the victim being pregnant that the actor did not know the victim was pregnant, relettering former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); (Revisor's note: In 2005, the Revisors recodified new Subsec. (c) to reflect the separate affirmative defenses established by P.A. 99-122 and P.A. 99-186).

      See Secs. 53a-321 to 53a-323, inclusive, re abuse of elderly, blind, disabled or mentally retarded person.

      Cited. 180 C. 557, 560. Cited. 211 C. 1, 2. Cited. 230 C. 608, 610.

      Cited. 5 CA 590, 594, 595. Cited. 14 CA 1, 2. Cited. 20 CA 467. Cited. Id., 521, 522. Cited. 35 CA 609, 615, 616.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 235 C. 502, 517.

      Cited. 28 CA 402, 403. Cited. 40 CA 387, 388.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 216 C. 282, 295.

      Subsec. (c):

      Cited. 207 C. 412, 416.

      Sec. 53a-59b. Assault of an employee of the Department of Correction in the first degree: Class B felony. (a) A person is guilty of assault of an employee of the Department of Correction in the first degree when he is in the custody of the Commissioner of Correction or confined in any institution or facility of the Department of Correction and commits assault in the first degree under section 53a-59 and the victim of such assault is an employee of the Department of Correction acting in the performance of his duties.

      (b) No person shall be found guilty of assault in the first degree and assault of an employee of the Department of Correction in the first degree upon the same incident of assault but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.

      (c) Assault of an employee of the Department of Correction in the first degree is a class B felony. If any person is sentenced to a term of imprisonment for a violation of this section which occurred while such person was confined in an institution or facility of the Department of Correction, such term of imprisonment shall run consecutively to the term for which the person was serving at the time of the assault.

      (P.A. 93-246, S. 2.)

      See Sec. 53a-167c re assault of an employee of the Department of Correction, employee or member of the Board of Pardons and Paroles or probation officer.

      Sec. 53a-59c. Assault of a pregnant woman resulting in termination of pregnancy: Class A felony. (a) A person is guilty of assault of a pregnant woman resulting in termination of pregnancy when such person commits assault in the first degree as provided under subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 53a-59 and (1) the victim of such assault is pregnant, and (2) such assault results in the termination of pregnancy that does not result in a live birth.

      (b) In any prosecution for an offense under this section, it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know that the victim was pregnant.

      (c) Assault of a pregnant woman resulting in termination of pregnancy is a class A felony.

      (P.A. 03-21, S. 1.)

      Sec. 53a-60. Assault in the second degree: Class D felony. (a) A person is guilty of assault in the second degree when: (1) With intent to cause serious physical injury to another person, he causes such injury to such person or to a third person; or (2) with intent to cause physical injury to another person, he causes such injury to such person or to a third person by means of a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument other than by means of the discharge of a firearm; or (3) he recklessly causes serious physical injury to another person by means of a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument; or (4) for a purpose other than lawful medical or therapeutic treatment, he intentionally causes stupor, unconsciousness or other physical impairment or injury to another person by administering to such person, without his consent, a drug, substance or preparation capable of producing the same; or (5) he is a parolee from a correctional institution and with intent to cause physical injury to an employee or member of the Board of Pardons and Paroles, he causes physical injury to such employee or member.

      (b) Assault in the second degree is a class D felony.

      (1969, P.A. 828, S. 61; 1971, P.A. 871, S. 18; P.A. 73-639, S. 20; P.A. 84-236, S. 4; P.A. 93-246, S. 3; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2, S. 5; P.A. 04-234, S, 2.)

      History: 1971 act added Subdiv. (6) in Subsec. (a) re physical injury to employee of department of correction or member of parole board; P.A. 73-639 deleted former Subdiv. (3) re physical injury to peace officer or fireman resulting from intentional attempt to prevent such person from performing his duty, renumbering accordingly; P.A. 84-236 amended Subdiv. (5) of Subsec. (a) by changing "committed to" to "in the custody of" and adding phrase "confined in any institution or facility of the department of correction"; P.A. 93-246 amended Subdiv. (5) of Subsec. (a) to delete from the scope of the offense a person who is in the custody of the commissioner of correction or confined in any institution or facility of the department of correction and with intent to cause physical injury to an employee of the department of correction causes physical injury to such employee; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-2 amended Subdiv. (2) of Subsec. (a) to add "other than by means of the discharge of a firearm" to reflect changes made to Sec. 53a-59 by same public act; P.A. 04-234 replaced Board of Parole with Board of Pardons and Paroles, effective July 1, 2004.

      Illegal confinement is no defense to assault on correctional officer. 169 C. 438, 441. Cited. 171 C. 264. Cited. 172 C. 275. Cited. 173 C. 254, 258, 259. Cited. 184 C. 157, 166; id., 520, 522. Cited. 193 C. 144, 145, 153. Cited. Id., 232, 243. Cited. 197 C. 602, 603. Cited. 198 C. 23, 24. Cited. 199 C. 146, 147, 153. Cited. 216 C. 647, 661, 664. Cited. 222 C. 331, 335. Cited. 231 C. 545, 546, 555, 556, 560, 562, 563. Cited. 237 C. 238, 239.

      Cited. 5 CA 590, 594, 595. Cited. Id., 612-615. Cited. 7 CA 701, 702. Cited. 12 CA 221, 222. Cited. Id., 320, 321. 336. Cited. Id., 679, 681. Cited. 13 CA 667, 671. Cited. 17 CA 200, 201. Cited. 20 CA 75, 76, 80. Cited. 24 CA 13, 14. Cited. 32 CA 224, 239, 240. Cited. 34 CA 1, 3. Cited. 35 CA 138, 148. Cited. Id., 431, 432. Cited. 36 CA 59, 60. Cited. 37 CA 338, 346. Cited. 38 CA 598, 599. Cited. 46 CA 486. Cited. Id., 691. Cited. Id., 741.

      Cited. 34 CS 531, 540, 541.

      Subsec. (a):

      Subdiv. (2) cited. 171 C. 395, 397. Cited. 175 C. 155-157, 160, 164. Subdiv. (2) cited. 184 C. 520, 521. Subdiv. (3) cited. 185 C. 63, 66, 78. Subdiv. (2) cited. 188 C. 574, 576. Subdiv. (5) cited. 190 C. 143, 144. Subdiv. (1) cited. 193 C. 48, 56. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. 194 C. 119, 126. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 119, 127. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 408, 412. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (2) cited. 195 C. 636. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 651, 653. Subdiv. (2) cited. 198 C. 405, 406. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 424, 425. Subdiv. (1) cited. 199 C. 322, 327. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 322, 328. Subdiv. (2) cited. 201 C. 103, 104; Id., 289, 290; 202 C. 520, 523, 524; 204 C. 207, 208; Id., 714, 716. Subdiv. (1) cited. 209 C. 733, 736. Subdiv. (2) cited. 211 C. 151, 154. Subdiv. (2) cited. 219 C. 721, 722; 220 C. 385, 388; 221 C. 447, 449. Subdiv. (1) cited. 222 C. 556, 559. Subdiv. (3) cited. 223 C. 243, 244, 264. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 243, 245, 246, 263. Subdiv. (1) cited. 226 C. 618, 620. Subdiv. (2) cited. 227 C. 153, 155. Subdiv. (5) cited. Id., 711, 713. Subdiv. (5) cited. Id., 751, 753. Subdiv. (2) cited. 228 C. 147, 149, 152. Subdiv. (5) cited. Id., 910. Subdiv. (5) cited. 230 C. 591, 593. Subdiv. (5) cited. 231 C. 545-549, 551-563. Cited. Id., 545, 556, 557, 559. Subdiv. (5) cited. 235 C. 748, 751. Subdiv. (5) cited. 237 C. 238, 239. Subdiv. (2) cited. 239 C. 481.

      Subdiv. (2) cited. 1 CA 584, 585. Subdiv. (1) cited. 5 CA 40, 49. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 40, 42, 50. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 590, 593. Subdiv. (1) cited. 6 CA 701, 702, 706. Subdiv. (2) cited. 7 CA 27, 28. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 95, 96. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 377, 378. Subdiv. (1) cited. 8 CA 35. Subdiv. (2) cited. 9 CA 161, 162, 167, 168; 10 CA 50, 51; Id., 330, 331, 336, 344; Id., 462, 463; Id., 643-645, 652; 11 CA 665, 666; 13 CA 386, 387; 14 CA 463, 464; id., 472-474; Id., 493, 494, 497; Id., 586, 587. Subdiv. (2) cited. 15 CA 586, 587. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 704, 710. Subdiv. (2) cited. 17 CA 226, 227. Subdiv. (2) cited. 19 CA 245, 246. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 576, 577. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 618, 619. Subdiv. (2) cited. 20 CA 27, 28. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 75, 76, 84. Subdiv. (3) cited. 22 CA 586, 587. Subdiv. (5) cited. 23 CA 83, 84. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 447-449. Cited. Id., 447, 450. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 502, 506. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 705, 706. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 705, 711. Subdiv. (2) cited. 24 CA 264, 266. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 563, 565; Id., 624, 625, 627. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 685, 686, 690. Subdiv. (2) cited. 25 CA 104, 106. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 275, 278. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 565-567; 26 CA 114, 116; Id., 145, 146; Id., 242, 243. Subdiv. (3) cited. 27 CA 73, 88. Cited. Id., 322, 329, 330. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 322, 330. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (2) cited. 28 CA 290, 302. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 645, 646. Subdiv. (2) cited. 29 CA 262, 263. Subdiv. (2) cited. 30 CA 95, 96, 99; judgment reversed, see 228 C. 147 et seq. Subdiv. (3) cited. 31 CA 58, 59. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 140, 141, 145. Subdiv. (5) cited. 32 CA 224-226, 237-243. Subdiv. (5) cited. Id., 448, 449. Subdiv. (3) cited. 33 CA 647, 650. Subdiv. (1) cited. 34 CA 1, 3. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 691. Subdiv. (2) cited. 35 CA 138, 139, 148, 151, 153. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 138, 148. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (2) cited. 36 CA 641, 642. Cited. Id., 805, 807. Subdiv. (2) cited. 37 CA 338, 339, 346, 347. Cited. Id., 338, 346, 347. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (5) cited. Id., 338, 347. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 437, 438. Subdiv. (2) cited. 38 CA 247, 248. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 777, 786. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 868, 869, 876. Subdiv. (1) cited. 39 CA 789, 790. Subdiv. (2) cited. 40 CA 757, 758. Subdiv. (2) cited. 41 CA 47, 49. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 333-335, 338, 339, 341. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 515, 517. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 565, 567. Cited. 43 CA 205. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 252. Subdiv. (2) cited. 44 CA 125. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 307. Cited. 45 CA 591. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (2) cited. 46 CA 24. Cited. Id., 741.

      Subdiv. (2) cited. 39 CS 494, 497. It is possible to prove assault in the second degree without necessarily proving risk of injury pursuant to Sec. 53-21(a), so assault in the second degree and risk of injury do not stand in relationship to each other as greater and lesser offenses. 48 CS 610.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 231 C. 545, 556.

      Sec. 53a-60a. Assault in the second degree with a firearm: Class D felony: One year not suspendable. (a) A person is guilty of assault in the second degree with a firearm when he commits assault in the second degree as provided in section 53a-60, and in the commission of such offense he uses or is armed with and threatens the use of or displays or represents by his words or conduct that he possesses a pistol, revolver, machine gun, shotgun, rifle or other firearm. No person shall be found guilty of assault in the second degree and assault in the second degree with a firearm upon the same transaction but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.

      (b) Assault in the second degree with a firearm is a class D felony for which one year of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.

      (P.A. 75-380, S. 5.)

      Cited. 2 CA 617. Cited. 5 CA 590, 594, 595. Cited. 9 CA 648, 649. Cited. 23 CA 502, 506. Cited. 45 CA 591.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 198 C. 424, 425. Cited. 200 C. 642, 643, 650. Cited. 201 C. 368, 369. Cited. 216 C. 282, 295.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 207 C. 412, 416.

      Sec. 53a-60b. Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the second degree: Class D felony: Two years not suspendable. (a) A person is guilty of assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the second degree when such person commits assault in the second degree under section 53a-60 or larceny in the second degree under section 53a-123(a)(3) and (1) the victim of such assault or larceny has attained at least sixty years of age, is blind or physically disabled, as defined in section 1-1f, or is pregnant, or (2) the victim of such assault or larceny is a person with mental retardation, as defined in section 1-1g, and the actor is not a person with mental retardation.

      (b) No person shall be found guilty of assault in the second degree or larceny in the second degree under section 53a-123(a)(3) and assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the second degree upon the same incident of assault or larceny, as the case may be, but such person may be charged and prosecuted for all such offenses upon the same information.

      (c) In any prosecution for an offense under this section based on the victim being pregnant it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know the victim was pregnant. In any prosecution for an offense under this section based on the victim being a person with mental retardation, it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know the victim was a person with mental retardation.

      (d) Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the second degree is a class D felony and any person found guilty under this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which two years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.

      (P.A. 77-422, S. 2; P.A. 80-442, S. 18, 28; P.A. 92-260, S. 29; P.A. 99-122, S. 2; 99-186, S. 15; P.A. 01-84, S. 6, 26.)

      History: P.A. 80-442 amended Subsec. (c) to require that two years of sentence imposed must be served, effective July 1, 1981; P.A. 92-260 made a technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 99-122 changed the name of the offense from "assault of a victim sixty or older in the second degree" to "assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or mentally retarded person in the second degree", where appearing, amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (2) to include within the offense an assault where the victim is a person with mental retardation and the actor is not a person with mental retardation, and added new Subsec. (c) to establish an affirmative defense in a prosecution based on the victim being a person with mental retardation that the actor did not know the victim was a person with mental retardation, relettering former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); P.A. 99-186 changed the name of the offense from "assault of a victim sixty or older in the second degree" to "assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or pregnant person in the second degree" where appearing, amended Subsec. (a) to include within the offense an assault where the victim is pregnant and added new Subsec. (c) to establish an affirmative defense in a prosecution based on the victim being pregnant that the actor did not know the victim was pregnant, relettering former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); P.A. 01-84 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to add "or larceny", effective July 1, 2001; (Revisor's note: In 2005, the Revisors recodified Subsec. (c) to reflect the separate affirmative defenses established by P.A. 99-122 and P.A. 99-186).

      See Secs. 53a-321 to 53a-323, inclusive, re abuse of elderly, blind, disabled or mentally retarded person.

      Cited. 180 C. 557, 560. Cited. 199 C. 146, 147, 153. Cited. 223 C. 243, 248. Cited. 230 C. 400, 402.

      Cited. 5 CA 594, 595. Cited. 13 CA 133, 134. Cited. Id., 420, 431. Cited. 33 CA 616.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 33 CA 616. Cited. 44 CA 307.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 216 C. 282, 295.

      Subsec. (c):

      Cited. 207 C. 412, 416.

      Sec. 53a-60c. Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the second degree with a firearm: Class D felony: Three years not suspendable. (a) A person is guilty of assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the second degree with a firearm when such person commits assault in the second degree with a firearm under section 53a-60a and (1) the victim of such assault has attained at least sixty years of age, is blind or physically disabled, as defined in section 1-1f, or is pregnant, or (2) the victim of such assault is a person with mental retardation, as defined in section 1-1g, and the actor is not a person with mental retardation.

      (b) No person shall be found guilty of assault in the second degree or assault in the second degree with a firearm and assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the second degree with a firearm upon the same incident of assault but such person may be charged and prosecuted for all of such offenses upon the same information.

      (c) In any prosecution for an offense under this section based on the victim being pregnant it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know the victim was pregnant. In any prosecution for an offense under this section based on the victim being a person with mental retardation, it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know the victim was a person with mental retardation.

      (d) Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the second degree with a firearm is a class D felony and any person found guilty under this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of which three years of the sentence imposed may not be suspended or reduced by the court.

      (P.A. 77-422, S. 3; P.A. 80-442, S. 19, 28; P.A. 99-122, S. 3; 99-186, S. 16.)

      History: P.A. 80-442 amended Subsec. (c) to specify that three years of sentence imposed shall not be suspended or reduced, effective July 1, 1981; P.A. 99-122 changed the name of the offense from "assault of a victim sixty or older in the second degree with a firearm" to "assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or mentally retarded person in the second degree with a firearm", where appearing, amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (2) to include within the offense an assault where the victim is a person with mental retardation and the actor is not a person with mental retardation, and added new Subsec. (c) to establish an affirmative defense in a prosecution based on the victim being a person with mental retardation that the actor did not know the victim was a person with mental retardation, relettering former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); P.A. 99-186 changed the name of the offense from "assault of a victim sixty or older in the second degree with a firearm" to "assault of an elderly, blind, disabled or pregnant person in the second degree with a firearm" where appearing, amended Subsec. (a) to include within the offense an assault where the victim is pregnant and added new Subsec. (c) to establish an affirmative defense in a prosecution based on the victim being pregnant that the actor did not know the victim was pregnant, relettering former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); (Revisor's note: In 2005, the Revisors recodified Subsec. (c) to reflect the separate affirmative defenses established by P.A. 99-122 and P.A. 99-186).

      Cited. 180 C. 557, 560.

      Cited. 5 CA 590, 594, 595.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 216 C. 282, 295.

      Sec. 53a-60d. Assault in the second degree with a motor vehicle: Class D felony. (a) A person is guilty of assault in the second degree with a motor vehicle when, while operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug or both, he causes serious physical injury to another person as a consequence of the effect of such liquor or drug.

      (b) Assault in the second degree with a motor vehicle is a class D felony and the court shall suspend the motor vehicle operator's license or nonresident operating privilege of any person found guilty under this section for one year.

      (P.A. 82-403, S. 2; P.A. 83-534, S. 9; P.A. 85-147, S. 2.)

      History: P.A. 83-534 amended Subsec. (b) to require the court to suspend the motor vehicle operator's license or nonresident operating privilege of any person found guilty for one year; P.A. 85-147 deleted "while intoxicated" from the title of the offense and a provision that defined "intoxication" to include intoxication by alcohol or by drug or both, and replaced elements of offense of "when, in consequence of his intoxication while operating a motor vehicle, he causes serious physical injury to another person" with "when, while operating a motor vehicle under the influence of intoxicating liquor or any drug or both, he causes serious physical injury to another person as a consequence of the effect of such liquor or drug".

      See Sec. 14-111g re motor vehicle operator's retraining program.

      Cited. 219 C. 752, 757. Cited. 222 C. 672, 674. Cited. 224 C. 730, 731, 734. Cited. 226 C. 191, 201. Cited. 230 C. 572, 573. Nothing said in General Assembly proceeding concerning an amendment to this section to remedy an unrelated aspect changed the rule of law; judgment of appellate court in State v. Leroy, 33 CA 232, reversed. 232 C. 1, 2, 5, 13, 14, 16.

      Cited. 5 CA 590, 594, 595. Cited. 9 CA 686, 730. Cited. 16 CA 472, 475. Cited. 21 CA 138, 143, 144. Cited. 22 CA 142, 144, 159, 165-167, 169, 170. Cited. 23 CA 215, 216. Cited. Id., 720-722. Cited. 25 CA 282, 284, 293. Cited. 26 CA 805, 806, 808. Cited. 32 CA 553, 554, 556, 571. Cited. 33 CA 232, 233; judgment reversed, see 232 C. 1 et seq. Cited. 34 CA 557, 564. Cited. Id., 655, 665. Cited. 36 CA 710, 713. Cited. 38 CA 282, 283. Cited. 40 CA 359, 360, 364, 365. Nothing in Sec. 14-227a prohibits evidence of consciousness of guilt based on defendant's refusal to take a breath test being considered in a prosecution under this section. 63 CA 433.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 232 C. 1, 2.

      Cited. 16 CA 472, 473, 477. Cited. 32 CA 553, 554. Cited. 33 CA 232, 233; judgment reversed, see 232 C. 1 et seq. Cited. 34 CA 655, 666. Cited. 38 CA 282, 283.

      Sec. 53a-61. Assault in the third degree: Class A misdemeanor. (a) A person is guilty of assault in the third degree when: (1) With intent to cause physical injury to another person, he causes such injury to such person or to a third person; or (2) he recklessly causes serious physical injury to another person; or (3) with criminal negligence, he causes physical injury to another person by means of a deadly weapon, a dangerous instrument or an electronic defense weapon.

      (b) Assault in the third degree is a class A misdemeanor and any person found guilty under subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment of one year which may not be suspended or reduced.

      (1969, P.A. 828, S. 62; P.A. 86-287, S. 3; P.A. 92-260, S. 30.)

      History: P.A. 86-287 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to electronic defense weapons; P.A. 92-260 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re one-year mandatory nonsuspendable sentence for conviction under Subsec. (a)(3) to reflect preexisting sentencing requirement of Sec. 53a-36(1).

      See Sec. 53a-36 re mandatory nonsuspendable sentence for conviction under Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (a).

      Cited. 170 C. 162. Cited. 171 C. 264. Cited. 173 C. 254, 259. Cited. 184 C. 157, 158, 162. Cited. 189 C. 1, 7. Cited. 190 C. 428, 429. Cited. 194 C. 347, 349. Cited. Id., 408, 412. Cited. 196 C. 430, 431. Cited. 198 C. 190, 191. Cited. 200 C. 544, 545. Cited. 202 C. 520, 521, 524. Cited. Id., 629, 631. Cited. 205 C. 352. Cited. 209 C. 23, 27. Cited. Id., 52, 53. Cited. 222 C. 299, 302. Cited. Id., 331, 335. Cited. 227 C. 677, 680. Cited. 228 C. 487, 488. Cited. Id., 582, 584. Cited. 233 C. 813, 816. Cited. 234 C. 78, 81.

      Cited. 1 CA 697, 698. Cited. 5 CA 590, 594, 595. Cited. 6 CA 189, 190. Cited. 8 CA 545, 548. Cited. 9 CA 59, 60, 70. Cited. Id., 631, 632; judgment reversed, see 205 C. 352 et seq. Cited. 11 CA 499, 501. Cited. 12 CA 221, 222. Cited. Id., 585, 587. Cited. 13 CA 708, 709. Cited. 14 CA 526, 527. Cited. 17 CA 234, 235. Cited. 20 CA 6, 8. Cited. Id., 75, 80. Cited. 21 CA 411, 412. Cited. 24 CA 57, 58. Cited. Id., 556, 577. Cited. 25 CA 421, 422; judgment reversed, see 222 C. 299 et seq. Cited. Id., 472, 473. Cited. 26 CA 157, 162. Cited. Id., 439, 440. Cited. 27 CA 786, 787. Cited. 28 CA 581, 583, 588-590; judgment reversed, see 226 C. 601 et seq. Cited. 29 CA 524, 525. Cited. Id., 683, 684. Cited. 30 CA 346, 348. Cited. 31 CA 497, 502. Cited. 35 CA 107, 109. Cited. 36 CA 106, 108; judgment reversed, see 234 C. 78 et seq. Cited. 37 CA 338, 348. Cited. Id., 733, 743. Cited. 39 CA 810, 811. Cited. 40 CA 805, 806, 828, 829. Cited. 41 CA 47, 49. Cited. 42 CA 810. Cited. 43 CA 76. Cited. 45 CA 282. Cited. 46 CA 131.

      Cited. 37 CS 664, 665. Cited. 39 CS 347, 348. Cited. 41 CS 505, 508.

      Subsec. (a):

      Subdiv. (1) cited. 177 C. 248; 180 C. 167, 168. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 557, 560. Subdiv. (2) cited. 182 C. 353, 355. Subdiv. (1) cited. 184 C. 366. Subdiv. (3) cited. 185 C. 63, 76, 78, 79. Subdiv. (1) cited. 189 C. 114, 115; 193 C. 48, 56. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1) cited. 194 C. 119, 126, 127. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Cited. 195 C. 232, 243. Cited. 197 C. 115, 117. Subdiv. (1) cited. 198 C. 147, 148. Subdiv. (2) cited. 202 C. 629, 635, 660. Subdiv. (1) cited. 206 C. 40, 43. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 657, 667. Subdiv. (1) cited. 210 C. 110, 112. Subdiv. (1) cited. 211 C. 672, 674. Subdiv. (1) cited. 219 C. 160, 161; 220 C. 487, 489; Subdiv. (2) cited. 222 C. 444, 447. Subdiv. (3) cited. 223 C. 41, 42. Subdiv. (1) cited. 224 C. 397, 399. Subdiv. (1) cited. 225 C. 519, 520. Judgment of appellate court in State v. Tanzella, 28 CA 581, 590, reversed. 226 C. 601, 602, 606, 613. Cited. Id., 601, 602, 612. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 601, 606, 613, 615. Subdiv. (1) cited. 228 C. 610, 612. Subdiv. (1) cited. 233 C. 813, 815.

      Subdiv. (1) cited. 3 CA 374, 375. Cited. 5 CA 40, 41. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 40, 41, 49, 50. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 40, 49, 50. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 590, 591, 593. Subdiv. (1) cited. 6 CA 407, 408. Subdiv. (1) cited. 7 CA 27, 31. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 257, 258. Subdiv. (1) cited. 8 CA 545, 547; 10 CA 330, 336. Cited. 10 CA 709-712. Subdiv. (1) cited. 11 CA 102, 103. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id., 499-502. Subdiv. (1) cited. 12 CA 655, 656; 13 CA 386, 387; Id., 667, 668. Subdiv. (1) cited. 19 CA 554, 555. Subdiv. (1) cited. 20 CA 75, 77, 86; Id., 101, 102. Subdiv. (1) cited. 23 CA 663, 664; 24 CA 518, 519; 26 CA 114, 116; Id., 259, 260. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 331, 332, 346, 348; 27 CA 322, 327, 330. Cited. Id., 322, 329, 330. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 322, 330. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. Subdiv. (2) cited. 28 CA 581, 585-588, 592; judgment reversed, see 226 C. 601 et seq. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 581, 586-588, 603; judgment reversed, see 226 C. 601 et seq. Cited. Id., 581, 588-590; judgment reversed, see 226 C. 601 et seq. Cited 29 CA 524, 525. Subdiv. (2) cited. Id., 704, 705. Subdiv. (1) cited. 33 CA 126. Subdiv. (2) cited. 35 CA 51, 59, 61, 65. Cited. 37 CA 338, 340. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 338, 348. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 733, 735. Subdiv. (1) cited. 38 CA 193, 194. Subdiv. (1) cited. 39 CA 419, 420. Subdiv. (1) cited Id., 832, 833. Cited. 40 CA 805, 806. Subdiv. (1) cited. 41 CA 565, 567. Subdiv. (1) cited. 42 CA 445. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 768. Subdiv. (1) cited. 43 CA 76. Cited. 45 CA 591. Subdiv. (3) cited. Id. This is not a cognizable offense and therefore not a lesser included offense of attempted assault in the first degree. 56 CA 592.

      Subdiv. (1) cited. 37 CS 520, 521. Elements of Sec. 53a-64 are so consistent with elements of Subdiv. (2) that the court is precluded by principles of double jeopardy from entering a finding of guilty as to both charges. 46 CS 130. Subdiv. (2): Defendant's recklessly placing his hands around victim's throat and causing her to lose consciousness for a brief period of time constituted "serious physical injury". Id. It is possible to prove assault in the third degree without necessarily proving risk of injury pursuant to Sec. 53-21(a), so assault in the third degree and risk of injury do not stand in relationship to each other as greater and lesser offenses. 48 CS 610.

      Sec. 53a-61a. Assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the third degree: Class A misdemeanor: One year not suspendable. (a) A person is guilty of assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the third degree when such person commits assault in the third degree under section 53a-61 and (1) the victim of such assault has attained at least sixty years of age, is blind or physically disabled, as defined in section 1-1f, or is pregnant, or (2) the victim of such assault is a person with mental retardation, as defined in section 1-1g, and the actor is not a person with mental retardation.

      (b) No person shall be found guilty of assault in the third degree and assault of an elderly, blind, disabled, pregnant or mentally retarded person in the third degree upon the same incident of assault but such person may be charged and prosecuted for both such offenses upon the same information.

      (c) In any prosecution for an offense under this section based on the victim being pregnant it shall be an affirmative defense that the actor, at the time such actor engaged in the conduct constituting the offense, did not know the victim was pregnant. In any prosecution for an offense under this section based on the victim being a person with mental retardation, it shall be an affirmative defense th