2005 Texas Civil Practice & Remedies Code CHAPTER 37. DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS

CIVIL PRACTICE & REMEDIES CODE

CHAPTER 37. DECLARATORY JUDGMENTS


	§ 37.001. DEFINITION.  In this chapter, "person" means an 
individual, partnership, joint-stock company, unincorporated 
association or society, or municipal or other corporation of any 
character.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.002. SHORT TITLE, CONSTRUCTION, 
INTERPRETATION.  (a) This chapter may be cited as the Uniform 
Declaratory Judgments Act.
	(b)  This chapter is remedial;  its purpose is to settle and 
to afford relief from uncertainty and insecurity with respect to 
rights, status, and other legal relations;  and it is to be 
liberally construed and administered.
	(c)  This chapter shall be so interpreted and construed as to 
effectuate its general purpose to make uniform the law of those 
states that enact it and to harmonize, as far as possible, with 
federal laws and regulations on the subject of declaratory 
judgments and decrees.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.003. POWER OF COURTS TO RENDER JUDGMENT;  FORM AND 
EFFECT.  (a) A court of record within its jurisdiction has power to 
declare rights, status, and other legal relations whether or not 
further relief is or could be claimed.  An action or proceeding is 
not open to objection on the ground that a declaratory judgment or 
decree is prayed for.
	(b)  The declaration may be either affirmative or negative in 
form and effect, and the declaration has the force and effect of a 
final judgment or decree.
	(c)  The enumerations in Sections 37.004 and 37.005 do not 
limit or restrict the exercise of the general powers conferred in 
this section in any proceeding in which declaratory relief is 
sought and a judgment or decree will terminate the controversy or 
remove an uncertainty.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.004. SUBJECT MATTER OF RELIEF.  (a) A person 
interested under a deed, will, written contract, or other writings 
constituting a contract or whose rights, status, or other legal 
relations are affected by a statute, municipal ordinance, contract, 
or franchise may have determined any question of construction or 
validity arising under the instrument, statute, ordinance, 
contract, or franchise and obtain a declaration of rights, status, 
or other legal relations thereunder.
	(b)  A contract may be construed either before or after there 
has been a breach.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.005. DECLARATIONS RELATING TO TRUST OR ESTATE.  A 
person interested as or through an executor or administrator, 
including an independent executor or administrator, a trustee, 
guardian, other fiduciary, creditor, devisee, legatee, heir, next 
of kin, or cestui que trust in the administration of a trust or of 
the estate of a decedent, an infant, mentally incapacitated person, 
or insolvent may have a declaration of rights or legal relations in 
respect to the trust or estate:
		(1)  to ascertain any class of creditors, devisees, 
legatees, heirs, next of kin, or others;
		(2)  to direct the executors, administrators, or 
trustees to do or abstain from doing any particular act in their 
fiduciary capacity;
		(3)  to determine any question arising in the 
administration of the trust or estate, including questions of 
construction of wills and other writings;  or
		(4)  to determine rights or legal relations of an 
independent executor or independent administrator regarding 
fiduciary fees and the settling of accounts.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.  Amended 
by Acts 1987, 70th Leg., ch. 167, § 3.08(a), eff. Sept. 1, 1987;  
Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 855, § 10, eff. Sept. 1, 1999.


	§ 37.006. PARTIES.  (a) When declaratory relief is 
sought, all persons who have or claim any interest that would be 
affected by the declaration must be made parties.  A declaration 
does not prejudice the rights of a person not a party to the 
proceeding.
	(b)  In any proceeding that involves the validity of a 
municipal ordinance or franchise, the municipality must be made a 
party and is entitled to be heard, and if the statute, ordinance, or 
franchise is alleged to be unconstitutional, the attorney general 
of the state must also be served with a copy of the proceeding and is 
entitled to be heard.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.007. JURY TRIAL.  If a proceeding under this chapter 
involves the determination of an issue of fact, the issue may be 
tried and determined in the same manner as issues of fact are tried 
and determined in other civil actions in the court in which the 
proceeding is pending.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.008. COURT REFUSAL TO RENDER.  The court may refuse 
to render or enter a declaratory judgment or decree if the judgment 
or decree would not terminate the uncertainty or controversy giving 
rise to the proceeding.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.009. COSTS.  In any proceeding under this chapter, 
the court may award costs and reasonable and necessary attorney's 
fees as are equitable and just.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.010. REVIEW.  All orders, judgments, and decrees 
under this chapter may be reviewed as other orders, judgments, and 
decrees.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.                    


	§ 37.011. SUPPLEMENTAL RELIEF.  Further relief based on a 
declaratory judgment or decree may be granted whenever necessary or 
proper.  The application must be by petition to a court having 
jurisdiction to grant the relief.  If the application is deemed 
sufficient, the court shall, on reasonable notice, require any 
adverse party whose rights have been adjudicated by the declaratory 
judgment or decree to show cause why further relief should not be 
granted forthwith.

Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 959, § 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1985.