2014 Oklahoma Statutes
Title 23. Damages
§23-61.2. No limitation on bodily injury economic loss compensation – Limitation on bodily injury noneconomic loss compensation – Required findings.

A. In any civil action arising from a claimed bodily injury, the amount of compensation which the trier of fact may award a plaintiff for economic loss shall not be subject to any limitation.

B. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, in any civil action arising from a claimed bodily injury, the amount of compensation which a trier of fact may award a plaintiff for noneconomic loss shall not exceed Three Hundred Fifty Thousand Dollars ($350,000.00), regardless of the number of parties against whom the action is brought or the number of actions brought.

C. Notwithstanding subsection B of this section, there shall be no limit on the amount of noneconomic damages which the trier of fact may award the plaintiff in a civil action arising from a claimed bodily injury resulting from negligence if the judge and jury finds, by clear and convincing evidence, that the defendant’s acts or failures to act were:

1. In reckless disregard for the rights of others;

2. Grossly negligent;

3. Fraudulent; or

4. Intentional or with malice.

D. In the trial of a civil action arising from claimed bodily injury, if the verdict is for the plaintiff, the court, in a nonjury trial, shall make findings of fact, and the jury, in a trial by jury, shall return a general verdict accompanied by answers to interrogatories, which shall specify all of the following:

1. The total compensatory damages recoverable by the plaintiff;

2. That portion of the total compensatory damages representing the plaintiff’s economic loss;

3. That portion of the total compensatory damages representing the plaintiff’s noneconomic loss; and

4. If alleged, whether the conduct of the defendant was or amounted to:

a.reckless disregard for the rights of others,

b.gross negligence,

c.fraud, or

d.intentional or malicious conduct.

E. In any civil action to recover damages arising from claimed bodily injury, after the trier of fact makes the findings required by subsection D of this section, the court shall enter judgment in favor of the plaintiff for economic damages in the amount determined pursuant to paragraph 2 of subsection D of this section, and subject to paragraph 4 of subsection D of this section, the court shall enter a judgment in favor of the plaintiff for noneconomic damages. Except as provided in subsection C of this section, in no event shall a judgment for noneconomic damages exceed the maximum recoverable amounts set forth in subsection B of this section. Subsection B of this section shall be applied in a jury trial only after the trier of fact has made its factual findings and determinations as to the amount of the plaintiff’s damages.

F. In any civil action arising from claimed bodily injury which is tried to a jury, the jury shall not be instructed with respect to the limit on noneconomic damages set forth in subsection B of this section, nor shall counsel for any party nor any witness inform the jury or potential jurors of such limitations.

G. This section shall not apply to actions brought under The Governmental Tort Claims Act or actions for wrongful death.

H. As used in this section:

1. “Bodily injury” means actual physical injury to the body of a person and sickness or disease resulting therefrom;

2. “Economic damages” means any type of pecuniary harm including, but not limited to:

a.all wages, salaries or other compensation lost as a result of a bodily injury that is the subject of a civil action,

b.all costs incurred for medical care or treatment, rehabilitation services, or other care, treatment, services, products or accommodations as a result of a bodily injury that is the subject of a civil action, or

c.any other costs incurred as a result of a bodily injury that is the subject of a civil action;

3. “Fraudulent” or “fraud” means “actual fraud” as defined pursuant to Section 58 of Title 15 of the Oklahoma Statutes;

4. “Gross negligence” means the want of slight care and diligence;

5. “Malice” involves hatred, spite or ill will, or the doing of a wrongful act intentionally without just cause or excuse;

6. “Noneconomic damages” means nonpecuniary harm that arises from a bodily injury that is the subject of a civil action, including damages for pain and suffering, loss of society, consortium, companionship, care, assistance, attention, protection, advice, guidance, counsel, instruction, training, education, disfigurement, mental anguish and any other intangible loss; and

7. “Reckless disregard of another’s rights” shall have the same meaning as willful and wanton conduct and shall mean that the defendant was either aware, or did not care, that there was a substantial and unnecessary risk that his, her or its conduct would cause serious injury to others. In order for the conduct to be in reckless disregard of another’s rights, it must have been unreasonable under the circumstances and there must have been a high probability that the conduct would cause serious harm to another person.

I. This section shall apply to civil actions filed on or after November 1, 2011.

Added by Laws 2009, c. 228, § 24, eff. Nov. 1, 2009. Amended by Laws 2011, c. 14, § 1, eff. Nov. 1, 2011.