2010 California Code
Civil Code
Article 2. Boundaries

829.  The owner of land in fee has the right to the surface and to
everything permanently situated beneath or above it.



Ý830.]  Section Eight Hundred and Thirty. Except where the grant
under which the land is held indicates a different intent, the owner
of the upland, when it borders on tide water, takes to ordinary
high-water mark; when it borders upon a navigable lake or stream,
where there is no tide, the owner takes to the edge of the lake or
stream, at low-water mark; when it borders upon any other water, the
owner takes to the middle of the lake or stream.



831.  An owner of land bounded by a road or street is presumed to
own to the center of the way, but the contrary may be shown.



832.  Each coterminous owner is entitled to the lateral and
subjacent support which his land receives from the adjoining land,
subject to the right of the owner of the adjoining land to make
proper and usual excavations on the same for purposes of construction
or improvement, under the following conditions:
   1. Any owner of land or his lessee intending to make or to permit
an excavation shall give reasonable notice to the owner or owners of
adjoining lands and of buildings or other structures, stating the
depth to which such excavation is intended to be made, and when the
excavating will begin.
   2. In making any excavation, ordinary care and skill shall be
used, and reasonable precautions taken to sustain the adjoining land
as such, without regard to any building or other structure which may
be thereon, and there shall be no liability for damage done to any
such building or other structure by reason of the excavation, except
as otherwise provided or allowed by law.
   3. If at any time it appears that the excavation is to be of a
greater depth than are the walls or foundations of any adjoining
building or other structure, and is to be so close as to endanger the
building or other structure in any way, then the owner of the
building or other structure must be allowed at least 30 days, if he
so desires, in which to take measures to protect the same from any
damage, or in which to extend the foundations thereof, and he must be
given for the same purposes reasonable license to enter on the land
on which the excavation is to be or is being made.
   4. If the excavation is intended to be or is deeper than the
standard depth of foundations, which depth is defined to be a depth
of nine feet below the adjacent curb level, at the point where the
joint property line intersects the curb and if on the land of the
coterminous owner there is any building or other structure the wall
or foundation of which goes to standard depth or deeper then the
owner of the land on which the excavation is being made shall, if
given the necessary license to enter on the adjoining land, protect
the said adjoining land and any such building or other structure
thereon without cost to the owner thereof, from any damage by reason
of the excavation, and shall be liable to the owner of such property
for any such damage, excepting only for minor settlement cracks in
buildings or other structures.



833.  Trees whose trunks stand wholly upon the land of one owner
belong exclusively to him, although their roots grow into the land of
another.


834.  Trees whose trunks stand partly on the land of two or more
coterminous owners, belong to them in common.