Total Chiropractic, P.C. v USAA Cas. Ins. Co.
Annotate this CaseDecided on July 24, 2017
District Court of Suffolk County, Fourth District
Total Chiropractic, P.C., a/a/o SHAWN OATES, Plaintiff,
against
USAA Casualty Insurance Co., Defendant.
SMCV 322-16
James F. Matthews, J.
Upon the following papers numbered 1 to 24 read on this motion
by defendant for an order of dismissal pursuant to CPLR 3126 for non-compliance with interrogatories and combined discovery demands or an order striking plaintiff's Notice of Trial and an order compelling plaintiff's response to discovery demands pursuant to CPLR 3124, and an order compelling an EBT of plaintiff's owner by a date certain ; by Notice of Motion/Order to Show Cause and supporting papers 1-4, 19 ; Notice of Cross Motion and supporting papers 20-22 ; Answering Affidavits and supporting papers 20-22 ; Replying Affidavits and supporting papers 23,24 ; Filed papers ; Other exhibits: 5-18 ;
(and after hearing counsel in support of and opposed to the motion),
it is,
ORDERED that the motion by defendant, seeking an order vacating plaintiff's Notice of Trial and striking the action from the Trial Calendar, pursuant to 22 NYCRR §208.17[FN1] and dismissing plaintiff's complaint pursuant to CPLR 3126 on the ground that plaintiff has failed to comply with defendant's interrogatories and combined discovery demands, is denied, conditioned upon plaintiff providing specific and meaningful responses (see Kihl v Pfeffer, 94 NY2d 118, 123 [1999]; CPLR 3124) to all of the prior discovery and inspection demands of defendant served on 06/24/16, to the extent plaintiff has not complied, including the Combined Demands pursuant to CPLR 3120, Notice of Examination Before Trial pursuant to CPLR 3101 and 3107, Notice for Discovery and Inspection, Request for Expert Discovery, and Demand for Verified [*2]Written Interrogatories, within 30 days of the date of service of this Order by the Court; and it is further conditioned upon plaintiff providing, in particular, a clear copy of the following documents requested in defendant's motion: management agreements, lease agreements, tax returns[FN2] and bank records, as per defendant's written demands. The Court finds there are special circumstances which warrant disclosure of plaintiff's corporate income tax returns (see CPLR 3101; Great Wall Acupuncture v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 20 Misc 3d 136[A][App Term, 2nd & 11th Jud Dists, 2008]). Defendant's request in its motion for "corporate records" and "other tax records" is denied, as being vague, broad and ambiguous, making compliance impossible; and it is further conditioned upon plaintiff, by an officer, director, member, agent or employee having the information (see CPLR 3133[b]), serving on defendant a meaningful written answer under oath, or a meaningful objection under oath stating the reasons for the objection, with reasonable particularity (see CPLR 3133[a]), to the extent plaintiff has not complied, to each interrogatory previously served upon it, with each question answered separately and fully and with each answer preceded by the question to which it responds, within 30 days of the date of service of this Order by the Court (see CPLR 3133[b]). In the view of the Court, plaintiff has failed to timely object to defendant's interrogatories "with reasonable particularity the reasons for each objection" (see CPLR 3122[a]).
The Clerk of the Court is directed to adjourn the Notice of Trial to a date at least 90 days beyond the date this order is mailed to the parties.
The Court notes that plaintiff provided responsive papers dated 07/05/16 to defendant's discovery demands of 06/24/16, belatedly on 11/01/16[FN3] , which responses were rejected by
defendant on 11/02/16 as being insufficient and unresponsive in a material way. The discovery demands are grounded in plaintiff's complaint which seeks recovery of first-party no-fault benefits for medical services rendered to plaintiff's assignor on 08/20/15 in the total amount of $5,200.00, as the result of an automobile accident of 07/02/15; and it is further
ORDERED that defendant's alternative motion pursuant to CPLR 3124, seeking to compel plaintiff's owner to appear for an examination before trial ("EBT") at a date certain, is granted, to the extent that plaintiff corporation shall appear at an examination before trial ("EBT") through a person chosen by plaintiff, who is knowledgeable of the facts and circumstances of all aspects of this matter as alleged in the verified complaint (see Sladowski-Casolaro v World Championship Wrestling, Inc., 47 AD3d 803 [2nd Dept 2008]), and is prepared to testify under oath, at a date, time and place certain set by defendant, convenient to
plaintiff, within 30 days of the date of receipt of this order, with any adjournments only upon consent of the attorneys for the parties, but in no event beyond 45 days of the date of receipt of [*3]this order; and it is further
ORDERED that in the event of plaintiff's failure to comply with this Order, plaintiff shall be precluded from offering into evidence at the trial of this action, any documents or testimony that were called for in defendant's discovery demands, to which meaningful responses have not been timely served, pursuant to CPLR 3126(2) and (3), in addition to any other reasonable remedies requested by defendant which the Court deems appropriate; and it is further
ORDERED that plaintiff's cross-motion for a protective order pursuant to CPLR 3103, is denied. Plaintiff failed to object by filing a motion for a protective order within 20 days of receipt of defendant's demands and the untimely request must be denied (see CPLR 3122[a]; Hunt v Odd Job Training, 44 AD3d 714 [2nd Dept 2007]). Where a plaintiff has failed to timely object to the propriety of discovery, "plaintiff is obligated to produce the information sought, except as to matters which are palpably improper or privileged" (see New Era Acupuncture, P.C. v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 24 Misc 3d 134[A][App Term, 9th & 10th Jud Dists 2009]; see also Fausto v City of New York, 17 AD3d 520 [2nd Dept 2005]). Where discovery demands concern matters which defendant is precluded from raising, "they are palpably improper notwithstanding the fact that plaintiff did not timely object thereto" (see New Era Acupuncture, P.C. v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., supra; A.B. Medical Services v Utica Mutual Ins. Co.,
11 Misc 3d 71 [App Term, 2nd Dept 2006]).
However, where, as here, a defendant seeks discovery to support its defense that plaintiff is ineligible to recover no-fault benefits because it is a fraudulently incorporated professional service corporation (see State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co. v Mallela, 4 NY3d 313 [2005]), the defense is not precluded (see New Era Acupuncture, P.C. v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., supra).
Moreover, contrary to plaintiff's contentions, the Court finds that defendant set forth detailed and specific reasons supporting the possible fraudulent incorporation of a professional service corporation by plaintiff, which if true, would preclude plaintiff from recovering no-fault benefits under the law, thereby demonstrating defendant's requests for discovery were both material and necessary to the defense of the within actions (see A.B. Medical Services v Utica Mutual Ins. Co., supra; see also Great Wall Acupuncture v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., supra). This was provided by the affidavit of David Brooks, Case Manager of the Special Investigative Unit of defendant insurance company ("SIU Investigator"), which was charged with investigating, detecting and combating fraud, including medical care provider fraud, pursuant to Insurance Law §409. His affidavit stems from his investigation, which established a good faith basis for defendant's allegation that plaintiff may be involved in no-fault based fraudulent activities and provided a sufficient foundation for defendant's discovery requests concerning the manner of plaintiff's ownership, operation and control of its professional corporation (see New Era Acupuncture, P.C. v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., supra).
As such, discovery seeking a copy of the contract with a management company and a copy of the lease, is not palpably improper, as plaintiff has not demonstrated the information is privileged. Therefore, defendant is entitled to production of the documents and related information (Id.).
Furthermore, the Court finds that so much of defendant's discovery requests which seek information regarding whether plaintiff was fraudulently incorporated, are material and necessary (see Midwood Acupuncture, P.C. v State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co., 14 Misc 3d 131[A][App Term, 2nd & 11th Jud Dists 2007]), and must be provided pursuant to defendant's pertinent [*4]discovery demands.
In addition, plaintiff contends defendant's verified answer fails to plead affirmative defenses relating to fraudulent incorporation with any type of specificity or particularity, or that facts may exist concerning whether plaintiff is properly incorporated, thereby waiving the defenses and making discovery unnecessary.
The Court finds that a review of defendant's affirmative defenses 1, 19, 20, 23, 25 and 27, provides sufficient support for the potential merit of defendant's defense of fraudulent incorporation, making plaintiff ineligible to recover no-fault benefits and making discovery material and necessary (see CPLR 3101[d]; Radiology Today, P.C. v GEICO, 32 Misc 3d 4 [App Term, 2nd Dept 2011]). It is well settled that "fraudulently incorporated medical corporations are not entitled to reimbursement of no-fault benefits and such defense is non-waivable and may be asserted any time (emphasis added)" (see Park Avenue Medical Care, P.C. v GEICO, 35 Misc 3d 1237[A][D Ct, Suffolk Cty 2012]; see also State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co. v Mallela, supra at 320; Midwood Acupuncture, P.C. v State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co., supra).
Moreover, "there is no requirement that a defense predicated upon the failure to comply with 'New York State or local licensing requirement[s]' (Insurance Department Regulations 11 NYCRR §65-3.16[a][12]), be pleaded with particularity pursuant to CPLR 3016[b]" (see Radiology Today, P.C. v GEICO, supra at 7).
The failure to state a Mallela type defense "with particularity in the answer does not preclude the defendant from seeking pre-trial disclosure related thereto" (see Park Avenue Medical Care, P.C. v GEICO, supra at *1). A Mallela defense is not subject to preclusion (see Lexington Acupuncture, P.C. v State Farm Mut. Auto Ins. Co., 12 Misc 3d 90.92[App Term, 2nd & 11th Jud Dists 2006]).
Furthermore, where a plaintiff health care provider fails to abide by relevant licensing laws, the corporation lacks standing to bring actions for recovery of assigned first-party no-fault benefits (see Quality Medical Care, P.C. v New York Cent. Mut. Fire Ins. Co., 26 Misc 3d 139[A][App Term, 2nd, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2010]). Here, since defendant has asserted affirmative defenses in its answer challenging the standing of plaintiff, defendant is entitled to Mallela discovery (see Lexington Acupuncture, P.C. v General Assur. Co., 35 Misc 3d 42 [App Term, 2nd, 11th & 13th Jud Dists 2012]); and it is further
ORDERED that plaintiff's cross-motion seeking, in the alternative, to compel defendant to produce its SIU Investigator and any claims representative who was responsible for denying the instant claim and/or referring the matter to SIU for deposition, is denied. Defendant has timely objected to this relief within 20 days of receipt of plaintiff's demand (see CPLR 3122[a]).
The attorneys for plaintiff filed a Notice of Trial and a Certificate of Readiness for Trial dated 12/22/16, which was received by the Court on 01/02/17. Plaintiff's attorneys stated to the Court in the Certificate of Readiness for Trial, that "discovery proceedings now known to be necessary completed" and "there are no outstanding requests for discovery," which statements were certified pursuant to 22 NYCRR §130-1, and further stated that the Notice of Trial was "not frivolous." The Court is holding plaintiff to its filed statements, and the EBT request is denied, accordingly.
The foregoing constitutes the decision and order of this Court.
Dated: July 24, 2017 Footnotes
Footnote 1: The proper section for seeking an order striking plaintiff's Notice of Trial in District Court is 22 NYCRR §212.17.
Footnote 2: Discovery of Corporate tax returns are permissible where special circumstances are shown (see CPLR 3101[a]; Great Wall Acupuncture v State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., 20 Misc 3d 136[A][2nd & 11th Jud Dists 2008]). However, personal Federal and State Income tax returns of owner are not discoverable, "in the absence of a strong showing that the information is indispensable to the claim and cannot be obtained from other sources" (see Altidor v State-Farm ins. Co., 22 AD3d 435 [2nd Dept 2005]).
Footnote 3: Plaintiff's papers were approximately four and a half months late and were therefore untimely (see CPLR 3122[a]; Fair Price Med. Supply Corp. v ELRAC Inc., 12 Misc 3d 119, 122 [App Term, 2nd & 11th Jud Dists 2006]).
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