LORETTA SHORTER V GERALD J GARNER PC
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STATE OF MICHIGAN
COURT OF APPEALS
LORETTA SHORTER,
UNPUBLISHED
May 27, 2008
Plaintiff-Appellant,
No. 275149
Macomb Circuit Court
LC No. 97-004215-CK
v
GERALD J. GARNER, P.C., GERALD J.
GARNER, and MARILYN GARNER,
Defendants-Appellees.
Before: Servitto, P.J., and Cavanagh and Kelly, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Plaintiff appeals by delayed leave granted from an order denying her motion for a new
trial. We affirm.
Plaintiff, a former employee of defendant Gerald J. Garner, P.C. (Garner P.C.), brought
this action against Garner P.C. and the two individual defendants, Gerald Garner and Marilyn
Garner, to recover unpaid wages and other damages arising from her employment. Plaintiff’s
amended complaint alleged claims for breach of contract and violation of the Whistleblowers’
Protection Act, MCL 15.361 et seq. Although a bench trial was conducted in March 2000, a
judgment was not entered until May 4, 2001. The judgment dismissed plaintiff’s claims against
Marilyn Garner pursuant to the parties’ stipulation, directed a verdict in favor of Gerald Garner,
and awarded plaintiff $223 on her breach of contract claim against Garner P.C.
In June 2001, plaintiff filed a pro se motion for a new trial alleging various different
grounds. After plaintiff retained new counsel, counsel filed a supplemental motion for a new
trial. Thereafter, in June 2002, plaintiff’s counsel filed a renewed motion for a new trial, alleging
that an accurate trial transcript could not be obtained from plaintiff’s copy of the videotape of the
trial. Counsel requested that the trial court either grant plaintiff a new trial or provide a second
copy of the videotape. On June 26, 2002, the trial court ordered that plaintiff be provided with
another copy of the videotape at no additional charge. Approximately three years later, in July
2005, plaintiff filed another renewed motion for a new trial, alleging that an accurate transcript
of the trial could not be obtained from the videotape. The trial court denied the renewed motion
in an opinion and order dated December 28, 2005, and also denied plaintiff’s motion for
reconsideration.
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Plaintiff’s claim of appeal from the December 28, 2005, order was dismissed by this
Court for lack of jurisdiction, because it was not timely filed. This Court subsequently granted
plaintiff’s delayed application for leave to appeal the December 28, 2005 order.
Under MCR 2.611(A)(1), a “new trial may be granted to all or some of the parties, on all
or some of the issues, whenever their substantial rights are materially affected,” for any of the
reasons set forth in subsections (a) to (h). If a bench trial was conducted, the trial court may set
aside the judgment, take additional testimony, or amend or make new findings of fact and
conclusions of law. MCR 2.611(B). In general, we review a trial court’s decision denying a
motion for a new trial for an abuse of discretion. Gilbert v DaimlerChrysler Corp, 470 Mich
749, 761; 685 NW2d 391 (2004). “An abuse of discretion occurs when the decision results in an
outcome falling outside the principled range of outcomes.” Woodard v Custer, 476 Mich 545,
557; 719 NW2d 842 (2006). To the extent that a constitutional question or other question of law
has been raised, appellate review is de novo. See Kelly v Builders Square, Inc, 465 Mich 29, 34;
632 NW2d 912 (2001); DeGeorge v Warheit, 276 Mich App 587, 591; 741 NW2d 384 (2007);
ISB Sales Co v Dave’s Cakes, 258 Mich App 520, 526; 672 NW2d 181 (2003). Additionally,
any error is subject to the harmless error standard in MCR 2.613(A), which provides:
An error in the admission or the exclusion of evidence, an error in a ruling
or order, or an error or defect in anything done or omitted by the court or by the
parties is not ground for granting a new trial, for setting aside a verdict, or for
vacating, modifying, or otherwise disturbing a judgment or order, unless refusal to
take this action appears to the court inconsistent with substantial justice.
On appeal, plaintiff argues that the trial court erred in evaluating her inability to produce
a complete and accurate transcript of the bench trial when denying her renewed motion for a new
trial. We disagree. In Elazier v Detroit Non-Profit Housing Corp, 158 Mich App 247, 249-250;
404 NW2d 233 (1987), this Court evaluated a missing transcript situation under MCR
2.611(A)(1)(a) (an irregularity in the proceeding affecting a party’s substantial rights), MCR
2.611(A)(1)(h) (any ground listed in MCR 2.612), and MCR 2.612(C)(1)(f) (any other reason
justifying relief from judgment), and determined that a trial court must determine if the existing
record and any possible settlement or reconstruction of the record is insufficient to allow
evaluation of a specific allegation of error before granting a motion for a new trial.
The trial court in this case did not base its decision solely on the transcript problem, but
considered the totality of the circumstances before it. It is clear from the trial court’s opinion and
order that it sought to determine if there was an alleged error, apart from the transcript issue, that
would support a new trial for the purpose of determining whether the transcript problem would
warrant a new trial or some other relief. Considering that plaintiff’s counsel conceded at the
November 14, 2005, motion hearing that the renewed motion for a new trial was filed only
because plaintiff would not be able to produce a transcript for an appeal, the trial court could
reasonably conclude that the renewed motion failed to set forth any reason justifying a new trial.
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Had plaintiff timely filed a claim of appeal from the December 28, 2005, order denying
her renewed motion for a new trial, MCR 7.210(B) would have afforded plaintiff an opportunity
to obtain a certified statement of facts. See, also, Admiral Ins Co v Columbia Cas Ins Co, 194
Mich App 300, 305; 486 NW2d 351 (1992). We find no merit to plaintiff’s assertion that the
trial court should be faulted for her failure to file a timely claim of appeal. Further, we decline to
evaluate the trial court’s denial of the renewed motion for a new trial in light of plaintiff’s
subsequent failure to file the timely appeal.
“It is settled that error requiring reversal may only be predicated on the trial court's
actions and not upon alleged error to which the aggrieved party contributed by plan or
negligence.” Lewis v LeGrow, 258 Mich App 175, 210; 670 NW2d 675 (2003). To properly
preserve an issue concerning a motion, a party should seek an answer from the trial court. See
People v Kowalski, 230 Mich App 464, 486; 584 NW2d 613 (1998) (Corrigan, C.J.) (inaction
regarding a motion can constitute abandonment); People v Riley, 88 Mich App 727, 731; 279
NW2d 303 (1979) (motion abandoned where the defendant did not follow through on the motion
by seeking an answer from the trial court). Therefore, based on the record evidence that plaintiff
did not pursue any particular matter at the motion hearing except for the transcript problem, we
conclude that the trial court did not make a premature ruling in denying the renewed motion for a
new trial. We are not persuaded that the trial court was required to do more to explore other
avenues for preparing a record of the trial, especially considering that plaintiff did not allege any
independent basis for a new trial.
We also disagree with plaintiff’s argument that the trial court’s consideration of prejudice
affords a basis for disturbing its decision to deny a new trial. Substantively, plaintiff has raised
only an unpreserved claim that a new trial should be ordered under the attorney misconduct
standard applicable to jury trials, as articulated in Reetz v Kinsman Marine Transit Co, 416 Mich
97, 102-103; 330 NW2d 638 (1982). While this Court may overlook preservation requirements,
Stewart v Panek, 251 Mich App 546, 554; 652 NW2d 232 (2002), plaintiff’s reliance on Reetz,
supra, is misplaced because a bench trial was conducted in this case. “[M]atters which constitute
error requiring reversal when a case is tried before a jury do not necessarily require reversal
when they occur in a bench trial.” People v Rushlow, 179 Mich App 172, 175; 445 NW2d 222
(1989), aff’d 437 Mich 149 (1991).
Further, plaintiff has insufficiently briefed the factual basis of her unpreserved claim of
misconduct. Although the record indicates that there were problems obtaining a complete trial
transcript, this deficiency did not excuse plaintiff from filing an affidavit in support of her
renewed motion for a new trial to establish facts not of record, MCR 2.611(D)(1), or her failure
to obtain transcripts of pretrial proceedings relevant to her claim of ongoing discovery violations.
This Court “limits its review to the record provided on appeal and will not consider any alleged
evidence or testimony that is not supported by the record presented to the Court for review.”
Admiral Ins Co, supra at 305. General references to lower court docket entries are insufficient
for appellate review. Facts stated in support of an argument “must be supported by specific page
references to the transcript, the pleadings, or other document or paper filed with the trial court.”
MCR 7.212(C)(7); see, also, Derderian v Genesys Health Care Sys, 263 Mich App 364, 388; 689
NW2d 145 (2004). Therefore, even accepting as true plaintiff’s assertion that the trial judge
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changed his ruling so as not to require production of the original “log” or “payroll” book,
plaintiff has insufficiently briefed any claim of misconduct to warrant appellate consideration.1
Plaintiff also argues that the number of judges who participated in this case led to
irregularities in the proceedings and violated her rights to equal protection and due process. We
deem this issue abandoned because it was not pursued in plaintiff’s renewed motion for a new
trial. Even if we were to overlook this preservation requirement pursuant to Steward, supra at
554, no basis for relief is apparent. “Due process in civil cases generally requires notice of the
nature of the proceedings, an opportunity to be heard in a meaningful time and manner, and an
impartial decisionmaker.” Cummings v Wayne Co, 210 Mich App 249, 253; 533 NW2d 13
(1995). Plaintiff’s cursory argument on appeal fails to establish anything about the manner in
which judicial assignments were made in this case that suggests a violation of these basic rights.
Therefore, further consideration of this issue is not warranted. See Derderian, supra at 388;
Peterson Novelties, Inc v Berkley, 259 Mich App 1, 14; 672 NW2d 351 (2003).
Similarly, plaintiff has not shown that she was deprived of the equal protection of the
laws through the judicial assignments. “The constitutional guarantee of equal protection ensures
that people similarly situated will be treated alike, but it does not guarantee that people in
different circumstances will be treated the same.” Brinkley v Brinkley, 277 Mich App 23, 35;
742 NW2d 629 (2007). A plaintiff is not deprived of the equal protection of laws unless there is
some unequal treatment, such as the application of neutral judicial reassignment rules in an
unequal manner. See Terrell v Shope, 687 F Supp 579, 581 (ND Ga, 1988), aff’d 911 F2d 741
(CA 11, 1990).
Because plaintiff has not shown any basis for disturbing the trial court’s denial of her
motion for a new trial, it is unnecessary to consider defendants’ claim that plaintiff lacked
standing to pursue her renewed motion for a new trial. The trial court did not decide plaintiff’s
motion on this basis, but only noted that it appeared that plaintiff lacked standing to pursue the
motion. In passing, however, we find merit to defendants’ argument because plaintiff’s
bankruptcy was converted to a Chapter 7 bankruptcy and there is no indication that the
bankruptcy trustee formally abandoned the cause of action under 11 USC 554. Under Rule 6009
of the Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, only a debtor in possession or a trustee may
prosecute a pending action. See Cable v Ivy Tech State College, 200 F3d 467, 472 (CA 7, 1999),
and Cain v Hyatt, 101 BR 440, 442 (ED Pa, 1989) (after trustee is appointed, Chapter 7 debtor
no longer has standing to pursue a cause of action existing at the time the Chapter 7 petition was
filed, absent formal abandonment under 11 USC 554); see, also, In re Ybarra, 424 F3d 1018,
1025 n 9 (CA 9, 2005) (“[t]he ‘debtor-in-possession’ is a debtor in a Chapter 11 or Chapter 12
case or a person who has qualified as a trustee under § 322”).
1
We note that the records of the district and circuit court proceedings include copies of pages
from the payroll book, and plaintiff’s own proposed findings of fact for the bench trial, filed in
March 2000, indicate that she was allowed to introduce a copy of the payroll book that she
received during discovery. Although plaintiff also claimed that the copy of the payroll book was
incomplete, plaintiff has not made any attempt on appeal to explain what she believes was
missing. Accordingly, we decline to address this matter further.
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For these reasons, we affirm the trial court’s order denying plaintiff’s motion for a new
trial.
Affirmed.
/s/ Deborah A. Servitto
/s/ Mark J. Cavanagh
/s/ Kirsten Frank Kelly
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